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For other places with the same name, see Zwolle (disambiguation).
Zwolle
Thorbeckegracht
Thorbeckegracht
Flag of Zwolle
Flag		 Coat of arms of Zwolle
Coat of arms
Location of Zwolle
Coordinates: 52°30′N 6°5′E / 52.5, 6.083
Country Netherlands
Province Overijssel
Area (2006)
 - Total 119. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Overijssel (Transiselania is a Province of the Netherlands in the central eastern part of the country Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 28 km² (46. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 1 sq mi)
 - Land 112. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 11 km² (43. 3 sq mi)
 - Water 7. 17 km² (2. 8 sq mi)
Population (1 January 2007)
 - Total 114,544
 - Density 1,022/km² (2,647/sq mi)
  Source: CBS, Statline. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume Statistics Netherlands, founded in 1899, is a Dutch governmental institution that gathers statistical information about the Netherlands.
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 - Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)

Image:Ltspkr.png Zwolle is a municipality and the capital city of the province of Overijssel, Netherlands, 120 kilometers northeast of Amsterdam. Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time Daylight saving time ( DST Central European Summer Time ( CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time A municipality is an administrative entity composed of a clearly defined territory and its population and commonly denotes a City, Town, or Village, or Overijssel (Transiselania is a Province of the Netherlands in the central eastern part of the country The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Amsterdam (pronounced) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland in the west Zwolle has about 115,000 citizens. [1]

Contents

History

Archaeological finds indicate that the area surrounding Zwolle has been inhabited for a long time. Archaeology, archeology, or archæology (from Greek grc ἀρχαιολογία archaiologia – grc ἀρχαῖος archaīos A woodhenge that was found in the Zwolle-Zuid suburb in 1993 was dated to the Bronze Age period. henge is a prehistoric Architectural structure. In form it is a nearly circular or oval-shaped flat area over 20 Metres (65 feet) in diameter Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) The term Bronze Age refers to a period in human cultural development when the most advanced Metalworking (at least in systematic and widespread use included techniques for [2][3] During the Roman era, the area was inhabited by Salian Franks. Salians redirects here for the eleventh-century dynasty see Salian dynasty, for Roman priests see Salii.

The modern city was founded around 800 A. A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status Events By Place Europe September 15 - Oldest known mention of Monkey. D. by Frisian merchants and troops of Charlemagne. The Frisians are an ethnic group of Germanic people living in coastal parts of The Netherlands and Germany. Merchants function as professionals who deal with Trade, dealing in commodities that they do not produce themselves in order to produce Profit. Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his [4] The name Zwolle is derived from the word Suolle, which means "hill" (cf. the English cognate verb "to swell"). English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Cognates in Linguistics are words that have a common origin They may occur within a language such as shirt and skirt as two English words descended from For English usage of verbs see the wiki article English verbs. This refers to an incline in the landscape between the four rivers surrounding the city, IJssel, Vecht, Aa and Zwarte Water. "Riverine" redirects here For the use of that term in Maritime geography, see there River IJssel (ˈɛi̯səl sometimes called Gelderse IJssel (" Gelderland IJssel" to avoid confusion with its Hollandse IJssel namesake The Vechte (in German and in Low Saxon) or Vecht (in Dutch) often called Overijsselse Vecht in the Netherlands to avoid The Zwarte Water The hill was the only piece of land that would remain dry during the frequent floodings of the rivers. A flood is an overflow of an expanse of water that submerges land a deluge Zwolle was established on that incline.

A document mentions the existence of a parish church dedicated to St Michael. A parish is a Local church; it is an administrative unit typically found in episcopal or presbyterian churches Michael (מִיכָאֵל Micha'el or Mîkhā'ēl; Μιχαήλ Mikhaíl; Michael or Míchaël; ميخائيل Mikhā'īl) is an That church, the Grote or Sint Michaëlskerk (big or Saint Michael church), was renovated in the first half of the 15th century and exists to this day. The church contains a richly carved pulpit, the work of Adam Straes van Weilborch (about 1620), some good carving and an exquisite organ (1721). A pulpit (from Latin pulpitum "scaffold" "platform" "stage" is a small elevated platform where a member of the clergy stands The organ (from Greek όργανον – organon "organ instrument tool" is a Keyboard instrument of one or more divisions each Year 1721 ( MDCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a

On August 31, 1230, the bishop of Utrecht granted Zwolle city rights. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne The Archbishopric of Utrecht is the Archbishopric based in the Dutch city of Utrecht. City rights are a medieval phenomenon in the history of the Low Countries. Zwolle became a member of the Hanseatic league in 1294, and in 1361 joined the war between the Hanseatic League and Valdemar IV of Denmark. The Hanseatic League (also known as the Hansa) was an alliance of trading cities and their Guilds that established and maintained trade Valdemar Atterdag (c 1320 &ndash October 24, 1375) was a King of Denmark (1340 - 1375 In the 1370 Treaty of Stralsund that ended the war, Zwolle was awarded a vitte, a trade colony, in Scania, Sweden. The Treaty of Stralsund ( May 24, 1370) ended the war between the Hanseatic League and the kingdom of Denmark. Scania ( in Swedish and Danish) is a geographical region on the southernmost tip of the Scandinavian peninsula, a traditional province ( "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Zwolle's golden age came in the 15th century. Between 1402 and 1450, the city's Gross Regional Product multiplied by about six. A Metropolitan area 's gross regional product, ie GMP or GRP is one of several measures of the size of its economy [5]

In July 1324 and in October 1361, regional noblemen set fire to Zwolle. Nobility is a government-privileged title which may be either hereditary (see Hereditary titles) or for a lifetime In the 1324 fire, only nine buildings escaped the flames. [6]

Map of Zwolle by Joan Blaeu in Blaeu's "Toonneel der Steden", 1652
Map of Zwolle by Joan Blaeu in Blaeu's "Toonneel der Steden", 1652

Zwolle was also, with Deventer, one of the centers of the Brethren of the Common Life, a monastic movement. Joan Blaeu ( September 23, 1596 &ndash May 28, 1673) was a Dutch Cartographer. Deventer is a Municipality and City in the Salland region of the Dutch Province of Overijssel. The Brethren of the Common Life was a Roman Catholic religious community founded in the 14th century by Gerard Groote, formerly a successful and worldly Monasticism (from Greek μοναχός, monachos, derived from Greek monos, alone is the religious practice in which one Three miles from Zwolle, on a slight eminence called the Agnietenberg, (hill of St Agnes), once stood the Augustinian convent in which Thomas à Kempis spent the greatest part of his life and died (in 1471). Thomas à Kempis (orig Thomas Haemerkken Thomas Hammerlein also Thomas Hemerken Thomas Hämerken Thomas van Kempen Tomás de Kempis (ca

At least as early as 1911, Zwolle had a considerable trade by river, a large fish market, and the most important cattle market in The Netherlands after Rotterdam. Year 1911 ( MCMXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Rotterdam (pronounced) is the 2nd-largest City by population in the Netherlands, located in the province of The more important industries comprised cotton manufactures, iron works, boat-building, dyeing and bleaching, tanning, rope-making, and salt-making. Cotton is a soft staple Fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant ( Gossypium sp [7]

Librije
Librije

In 2004, Zwolle's De Librije restaurant was honored with 3 stars by Michelin; as of 2007, with the demotion of Parkheuvel from 3 to 1 star, it is one of only two restaurants so honored in the entire country. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " De Librije is a Restaurant in Zwolle, Netherlands. It is located in the former Library, hence the name "De Librije" of a 15th Michelin (full name SCA Compagnie Générale des Établissements Michelin) ( based in Clermont-Ferrand in the Auvergne Région Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.

Blauwvingers

Citizens of Zwolle are colloquially known as Blauwvingers (Bluefingers). This dates back to a local legend that the local authorities were one day strapped for cash and saw no option but to sell church bells to neighbouring city Kampen. A church bell is a bell which is rung in a (especially Christian) church either to signify the Hour or the time for worshippers to go to Kampen is a Municipality and a city in the eastern Netherlands. To make sure Kampen did not make too much profit from the deal, the local authorities asked a high price for the church bells. Kampen agreed to the deal, on the condition that they could choose their own way of paying for the church bells. Zwolle consented, and Kampen paid in copper coins of four duiten (the equivalent of 2-and-a-half cents). The duit was a Dutch coin worth 2 penning, with 8 duit equal to one Stuiver and 160 duit equal to one gulden. Because of their distrust, Zwolle wanted to be sure Kampen had truly paid the entire price. The local authorities therefore counted the money until their fingers had turned blue from the copper. [8][9]

Buildings

Peperbus
Peperbus

Besides the Grote or Sint Michaëlskerk (the latter which houses a majestic Baroque organ built by Arp Schnitger), there are several other historic monuments in Zwolle. Baroque art redirects here Please disambiguate such links to Baroque painting, Baroque sculpture, etc Arp Schnitger (born 1648-07-02 in Schmalenfleth, buried 1719-07-28) was a highly influential German master organ builder The Roman Catholic Onze Lieve Vrouwe ten Hemelopneming-basilica (Our Lady Ascension) dates back to 1399. The Latin word basilica (derived from Greek, Basiliké Stoà, Royal Stoa) was originally used to describe a Roman The church tower, called Peperbus (pepperbox), is one of the tallest and most famous church towers in the Netherlands. The modernized town hall was originally built in 1448. A city hall or town hall is the chief administrative building of a City or Town 's administration and usually houses the city or

Sassenpoort
Sassenpoort

Mention should also be made of the Sassenpoort (one of the old city gates), the city walls, the Mosterdmakerstoren (mustard makers' tower)(the complex where local mustard used to be made), a guild-house (1571), the former provincial government offices, a Dominican monastery, and a museum of antiquities and natural history. The Order of Preachers ( Latin: Ordo Praedicatorum) after the 15th century more commonly known as the Dominican Order or Dominicans, is

Natives

See also People from Zwolle
Arts, culture, entertainment and the media
Religion
Politics
Sports
Science

Educational institutions

Zwolle is home to four institutes of technology:

Zwolle railway station with ICM train
Zwolle railway station with ICM train

Transportation

Zwolle is located on or near three rivers (Zwarte Water, Vecht, and IJssel), several canals (the now disused Willemsvaart, Nieuwe Vecht and Overijssels Kanaal and the modern Zwolle-IJssel Kanaal). This article is about Thomas Joannes Stieltjes (pronounced 'stiltʃəs the mathematician Year 1856 ( MDCCCLVI) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Year 1894 ( MDCCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common A mathematician is a person whose primary area of study and research is the field of Mathematics. A civil engineer is a person who practices Civil engineering, one of the many engineering professions Institute of technology, and polytechnic, are designations employed in a wide range of learning institutions awarding different types of degrees and operating often at variable Christelijke Hogeschool Windesheim is a major Hogeschool in the Netherlands The following are current and former Trains in the Netherlands. "Riverine" redirects here For the use of that term in Maritime geography, see there The Zwarte Water The Vechte (in German and in Low Saxon) or Vecht (in Dutch) often called Overijsselse Vecht in the Netherlands to avoid River IJssel (ˈɛi̯səl sometimes called Gelderse IJssel (" Gelderland IJssel" to avoid confusion with its Hollandse IJssel namesake Canals are artificial channels for water There are two types of canals water conveyance canals which are used for the conveyance and delivery of water and Waterways

As for transportation by land:

Zwolle is connected by three motorways, rijkswegen in Dutch. Motorway is a term for both a type of Road and a classification or designation Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname

The first train in Zwolle arrived on June 6 1864. Today the city has rail connections in seven directions. (viz. Kampen, Leeuwarden, Groningen, Emmen, Enschede, Arnhem/Nijmegen, and Amersfoort). Kampen is a Municipality and a city in the eastern Netherlands. Leeuwarden ( Stadsfries: Liwwadden, West Frisian: Ljouwert) is the Capital city of the Dutch province of Friesland Groningen is the capital city of the province of Groningen in the Netherlands. Emmen ( is a Municipality and a Town in the northeastern Netherlands. or Eanske in the local dialect ( Twents) is a Municipality and a city in the eastern Netherlands, in the province of Overijssel, in the Arnhem ( ( South Guelderish: Èrnem) is a city and Municipality, situated in the eastern part of the Netherlands. Nijmegen (ˈnɛɪmeɣən) (obsolete spellings Nijmwegen Nymegen Nieumeghen &mdash Nimwegen in local dialect and in German, Nimègue in French Amersfoort is a municipality and the second largest city of the province of Utrecht in central Netherlands.

A rail connection with Amsterdam via Lelystad will open in 2012. Amsterdam (pronounced) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland in the west Lelystad ( is a Municipality and a City in the centre of the Netherlands, and it is the Capital of the Province of Flevoland For more information see Hanzelijn. The Hanzelijn ( Hanseatic line is a new Dutch Railway line connecting Lelystad to Zwolle.

Sister cities

Zwolle is currently twinned with:

In the past, Zwolle had partnerships with:

References

  1. ^ Bevolking becijferd 2006 (PDF) (Dutch) 12. Lünen or Luenen is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The Republic of Rwanda (ruːˈændə or /rəˈwɑːndə/ in English ɾwanda or in Kinyarwanda is a small Landlocked country in the Vologda (Во́логда is a city in Russia and the administrative center of Vologda Oblast. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Municipality of Zwolle (August 2006). Retrieved on 2007-03-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger
  2. ^ Theo Holleman (1996), Een verleden op de schop, University Press, Amsterdam, ISBN 9053561897
  3. ^ Hove, ten J. (2005). Geschiedenis van Zwolle Zwolle: Waanders. ISBN 9040090505
  4. ^ F. C. Berkenvelder (1980). Het begin (Dutch). Zwolle 750 jaar stad. Waanders. Retrieved on 2007-03-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger
  5. ^ F. C. Berkenvelder (1980). De handel en de Hanze (Dutch). Zwolle 750 jaar stad. Waanders. Retrieved on 2007-03-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger  “De stedelijke geldmiddelen, het nationaal inkomen zouden wij nu zeggen, die in 1402 nog 6. 000 gulden bedroegen waren in 1450 bijna verzesvoudigd tot 34. 000 gulden. (Translated: The city's financial resources, the national income as we would now call it, which were 6,000 guilders in 1402, had by 1450 multiplied by six to 34,000 guilders. )”
  6. ^ "Zwolle op keerpunt van bestaan", De Stentor, 2005-03-02. ' De Stentor' is an Apeldoorn -based Dutch regional Newspaper, appearing in several editions in the Eastern part of the Netherlands. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good Retrieved on 2007-01-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 904 - Sergius III comes out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed Antipope Christopher. (Dutch) 
  7. ^ Zwolle. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th edition (1911). Retrieved on 2007-03-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger
  8. ^ Boxma, Willem (2001). "Steuren, blauwvingers, kwekweschudders en tukkers. Schimpnamen in Overijssel" (in Dutch). Traditie. Tijdschrift over tradities en trends. 2: 26-27. ISSN 1382-4104. An International Standard Serial Number ( ISSN) is a unique eight-digit number used to identify a print or electronic Periodical publication.  
  9. ^ In welke stad wonen de blauwvingers? (Dutch). Nederlands Centrum voor Volkscultuur. Retrieved on 2007-03-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 630 - Byzantine emperor Heraclius restores the True Cross to Jerusalem.

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone

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