An amino acid, in its (1) nominal (unionized) and (2) usual, zwitterionic forms. In Chemistry, an amino acid is a Molecule containing both Amine and Carboxyl Functional groups In Biochemistry, this

A zwitterion (first part pronounced "tsvitter", from German "Zwitter" — "hybrid," "hermaphrodite") is a chemical compound that is electrically neutral but carries formal positive and negative charges on different atoms. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. A hermaphrodite is an organism having both male and female reproductive organs A chemical compound is a substance consisting of two or more different elements chemically bonded together in a fixed proportion by Mass. Chemistry, a formal charge (FC is a Partial charge on an Atom in a Molecule assigned by assuming that Electrons in a Chemical History See also Atomic theory, Atomism The concept that matter is composed of discrete units and cannot be divided into arbitrarily tiny ^[1] Zwitterions are polar and usually have a high solubility in water and a poor solubility in most organic solvents. "Polar molecule" and "Non-polar" redirect here A solvent is a liquid or gas that dissolves a solid liquid or gaseous Solute, resulting in a Solution.

Ampholytes are molecules that contain both acidic and basic groups (and are therefore amphoteric) and will exist mostly as zwitterions in a certain range of pH. In Computer science, ACID ( Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability) is a set of properties that guarantee that Database transactions are In Chemistry, a base is most commonly thought of as an aqueous substance that can accept Protons This refers to the Brønsted-Lowry theory of acids and pH is the measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a Solution. The pH at which the average charge is zero is known as the molecule's isoelectric point. The isoelectric point (pI is the PH at which a particular Molecule or surface carries no net electrical charge.

Applications

Ampholytes are used to establish a stable pH gradient for use in isoelectric focusing. Isoelectric focusing (IEF, also known as electrofocusing, is a technique for separating different Molecules by their Electric charge differences

Typical examples of zwitterions are:

• Most amino acids at physiological pH are for the most part zwitterionic. In Chemistry, an amino acid is a Molecule containing both Amine and Carboxyl Functional groups In Biochemistry, this
• Used as buffering agents in Good's buffers:
  • The amino-sulfonic acid based MES, MOPS, HEPES, PIPES or CAPS
  • The amino-carboxylic acid (amino acid) based glycine, its derivatives bicine and tricine, and alanine
• Used as detergents:
  • CHAPSO
• Natural products like the alkaloids psilocybin and lysergic acid. For an aqueous solution composed of both a weak acid or base and its conjugate see Buffer solution. Good's buffers (also Good buffers) are twelve Buffering agents selected and described by Norman Good and colleagues in 1966 Sulfonic acid is an unstable Acid with the formula H-S(=O2-OH MES is the common name for the compound 2-( N -morpholinoethanesulfonic acid. MOPS is the common name for the compound 3-(N-morpholinopropanesulfonic acid a Buffer introduced by Good et al HEPES ( 4-(2-hydroxyethyl-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid) is a Zwitterionic organic chemical Buffering agent. Pipes may refer to Pipe (cylindrical conveyance PIPES (buffering agent in biochemistry Daniel Pipes CAPS is the common name for N -cyclohexyl-3-aminopropanesulfonic acid, a chemical used as Buffering agent in Biochemistry. Carboxylic acids are Organic acids characterized by the presence of a Carboxyl group, which has the formula -C(=OOH usually written -COOH or -CO2H In Chemistry, an amino acid is a Molecule containing both Amine and Carboxyl Functional groups In Biochemistry, this Glycine (abbreviated as Gly or G) is the Organic compound with the formula NH2CH2COOH Tricine is an Organic compound that is used in Buffer solutions The name tricine comes from Tris and Glycine from which it was derived Alanine (abbreviated as Ala or A) is an α- Amino acid with the Chemical formula HO2CCH(NH2CH3 A detergent (as a noun is a material intended to assist Cleaning. CHAPS is a Zwitterionic Detergent used in the laboratory to solubilize biological macromolecules such as Proteins It is used as a non- denaturing This article is about the chemical compounds alkaloids For the Pharmaceutical company in the Republic of Macedonia see Alkaloid (company. Psilocybin (IPA /saɪləˈsaɪbɪn/ (also known as psilocybine) is a psychedelic Indole of the Tryptamine family found in Psilocybin Submit to get this template or go to TemplateChembox_simple_organic.
• Betaines

Less common examples of zwitterions are:

• Quinonoid zwitterions. A Quinonoid zwitterion is a special type of Zwitterion based on Quinone related Chemical compounds The Benzene derivate 13-dihydroxy-46-diaminobenzene
• Drugs such as Fexofenadine (Allegra) and Cephaloridine. Fexofenadine hydrochloride (brand names include Allegra and Telfast) is an Antihistamine drug used in the treatment of Hayfever
• decaphenylferrocene [(η⁵-C₅Ph₅)₂Fe] has been shown to have a zwitterionic linkage isomer [(η⁵-C₅Ph₅)Fe⁺(η⁶-C₆H₅C₅Ph₄⁻)]. Linkage isomerism is the existence of co-ordination compounds that have the same composition differing with the connectivity of the metal to a Ligand.

References

1. ^ Compendium of Chemical Terminology, zwitterion