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Zog I, Skanderbeg III
King of the Albanians
Reign September 1, 1928 – April 7, 1939
Coronation September 1, 1928
Born October 8, 1895
Birthplace Castle Burgajet, Albania
Died April 9, 1961
Place of death Hauts-de-Seine, France
Predecessor New Kingdom
Successor Italian invasion of Albania
Victor Emmanuel III of Italy
Consort Geraldine Apponyi
Issue Leka, Crown Prince of Albania
Dynasty House of Zogu
Father Xhemal Pasha Zogu
Mother Sadijé Toptani

Zog I, Skanderbeg III of the Albanians[1][2] [3] [4] (born Ahmet Zogolli, later changed to Ahmet Zogu) (October 8, 1895 – April 9, 1961) was King of Albania from 1928 to 1939. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Year 1928 ( MCMXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Year 1928 ( MCMXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses Year 1895 ( MDCCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Castle Burgajet was a large fortified house located in the Mat District of Albania. This article is about the country in southern Europe For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Albania topics. Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans) Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Hauts-de-Seine (92 (literally " Seine Heights" is a département in France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Albanian Kingdom ( Gheg Albanian: Mbretnija Shqiptare, Standard Albanian Mbretëria Shqiptare) was the constitutional monarchal rule Albania's re-emergence after World War I Albania's political confusion continued in the wake of World War I. Victor Emmanuel III (Vittorio Emanuele III 11 November, 1869 – 28 December, 1947) was a member of the House of Savoy and Leka Crown Prince of Albania (Leka I Zogu, (born April 5, 1939, the Royal Palace Tirana) is the only son of King Zog I and Queen The House of Zogu is a European Royal house founded by Zogu Pasha who migrated to Mati, Albania in the late 15th century and was then Xhemal Pasha Zogu dʒɛmal paʃa zɔgu (1860-1911 (also known as Jamal Pasha, or Jamal Pasha Zogolli) was the Hereditary Governor of Mati, Albania HRH The Queen Mother of the Albanians Sadijé Toptani ( Nëna Mbretëreshë i Shqiptarëvet) was born on August 28, 1876 in Tirana as the daughter This article is about the country in southern Europe For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Albania topics. Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses Year 1895 ( MDCCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans) Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. While the medieval Angevin Kingdom of Albania was a monarchy it did not encompass the entirety of the modern state of Albania. He was previously Prime Minister of Albania (1922 - 1924) and President of Albania (1925 - 1928). This article is about the government position For other uses see Prime Minister (disambiguation. List of Heads of State of Albania (1912-Present Principality of Albania (1912-1920 Chairman of the National Assembly Ismail Qemali

Contents

Background and early political career

Born as Ahmet Muhtar Bey Zogolli, he changed his family name to Zogu, meaning bird in the Albanian language, dropping the Turkish suffix "olli (oğlu)", meaning "son of". Albanian (sq ''Gjuha shqipe'' ˈɟuha ˈʃcipɛ is an Indo-European language spoken by nearly 6 million peoplewhile others claim that it derives from Daco -

Ahmet Zogolli was born in Castle Burgajet, Albania, third son to Xhemal Pasha Zogolli and Sadijé Toptani. Castle Burgajet was a large fortified house located in the Mat District of Albania. This article is about the country in southern Europe For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Albania topics. Xhemal Pasha Zogu dʒɛmal paʃa zɔgu (1860-1911 (also known as Jamal Pasha, or Jamal Pasha Zogolli) was the Hereditary Governor of Mati, Albania HRH The Queen Mother of the Albanians Sadijé Toptani ( Nëna Mbretëreshë i Shqiptarëvet) was born on August 28, 1876 in Tirana as the daughter Zog was educated at Galatasaray College in Istanbul [5]. Galatasaray Lisesi, known in other languages by its French name Lycée de Galatasaray was known in Turkish as the Galata Sarayı Enderun-u Hümayunu ( Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey His family was a beylik family, with feudal authority over the region of Mati. The District of Mat (Rrethi i Matit is one of the thirty-six Districts of Albania. His mother's Toptani family claimed descent from Skanderbeg's sister. Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg ( 6 May 1405 &ndash 17 January 1468) ( Albanian: Gjergj Kastriot Skënderbeu, widely known as Their lands were in the same districts as Skanderbeg's family's had been, and certainly the Zogu family had deep roots in indigenous clannish nobility. No historically-attested genealogy has been shown for his alleged lineage from the Middle Ages, although his wife has a pedigree from Albania). Leka Crown Prince of Albania (Leka I Zogu, (born April 5, 1939, the Royal Palace Tirana) is the only son of King Zog I and Queen

Upon his father's death in 1911, Ahmet Zogolli at age sixteen became governor of Mat. He was appointed over his elder brother Xhelal Bey, who had been deemed mentally unfit. Xhelal Bey Zogu Prince of Albania (May 14 1881 in Castle Burgajet, Albania – 1944 in Turkey was a son of Xhemal Pasha Zogu (c

As a young man during the First World War, Zog supported the cause of Austria-Hungary. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All He was detained at Vienna in 1917 and 1918 and in Rome in 1918 and 1919 before returning to Albania in 1919. Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 During his time in Vienna, he grew to enjoy a Western European lifestyle, and was rumoured to be very popular among the Viennese women.

Upon his return, Zog became involved in the political life of the fledgling Albanian government that had been created in 1920. He became leader of a major reformist party, and his political supporters included many southern feudal landowners (called beys, Turkish for "village chieftain", the social group to which he belonged) and noble families in the north, along with merchants, industrialists, and intellectuals. Bey is a Turkish title for "chieftain" traditionally applied to the leaders of small tribal groups During the early 1920s, Zog served as Governor of Shkodër (1920-1), Minister of the Interior (March-November 1920, 1921-1924), and chief of the Albanian military (1921-1922). Shkodër (Shkodër or Shkodra is a city located on Lake Shkodër in northwestern Albania in the District His primary rivals were Luigj Gurakuqi and Fan S. Noli. Luigj Gurakuqi ( February 19, 1879 &ndash March 2, 1925) was an important figure of the Albanian national movement Theofan (Fan Stilian Noli ( January 6, 1882 - March 13, 1965) was an Albanian politician writer and Eastern Orthodox

It was a dangerous time to be an Albanian politician. In 1923, Zog was shot and wounded in Parliament. The Assembly of the Republic of Albania ( Kuvendi i Shqipërisë) formerly People's Parliament ( Kuvendi Popullor) is the Parliament of Albania A crisis arose in 1924 after the assassination of one of Zog's industrialist opponent, Avni Rustemi (the man who in 1920 assassinated Essad Pasha); in the aftermath, a leftist revolt was raised by Noli, which forced Zog, along with 600 of his allies, into exile in June 1924. Avni Rrustemi (born 1895 Libohova, Gjirokastër - June 10 1924) was an Albanian Pedagogue, Teacher, Activist Esad Pashë Toptani (1863 &ndash June 13, 1920) primarily known as Essad Pasha, was a leading Albanian politician in the early twentieth century He returned to Albania with the assistance of Yugoslav forces and Yugoslavia-based White Russian troops, and became Prime Minister. See also Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian The White movement (Beloie Dvijenie Белое движение whose military arm is known as the White Army (Belaia Armia Белая Армия or White Guard List of Heads of Government of Albania (1912-Present Principality of Albania (1912-1920 Prime Ministers Ismail Qemali

President of Albania

Ahmet Zogu
Zog of Albania
In office
1925 – 1928
Preceded by New title
Succeeded by Ramiz Alia in 1991
Nationality Albanian
Religion Sunni Muslim

Zog was officially elected to the post of President of Albania by the Constituent Assembly on January 21, 1925, taking office on February 1. List of Heads of State of Albania (1912-Present Principality of Albania (1912-1920 Chairman of the National Assembly Ismail Qemali (born October 18, 1925) was the communist leader of Albania from 1985 to 1992 and President of the Republic of Albania from 1991 to 1992 This article is about the country in southern Europe For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Albania topics. Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam. Sunni Islam is also referred to as Ahl as-Sunnah wa’l-Jamā‘h (Arabic A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion List of Heads of State of Albania (1912-Present Principality of Albania (1912-1920 Chairman of the National Assembly Ismail Qemali Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade. Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Zog's government followed the European model, though large parts of Albania still maintained a social structure unchanged from the days of Ottoman rule, and most villages were serf plantations run by the Beys. A Muslim himself, Zog's reforms included the prohibition of veils and prohibitions against cruelty to animals. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion Zog's principal ally during this period was Italy, which loaned his government funds in exchange for a greater role in Albania's fiscal policy. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest During Zog's presidency, serfdom was gradually eliminated. For the first time since the death of Skanderbeg, Albania began to emerge as a nation, rather than a feudal patchwork of local Beyliks. His administration was marred by disputes with Kosovar leaders, primarily Hasan Prishtina and Bajram Curri. Kosovo has an estimated population of 21 million (as of 2007 The dominant ethnic group is Albanian (92% with significant minorities of Serbs and others Hasan Prishtina (1873 in Vushtrri, Kosovo Province, Ottoman Empire - 1933 was an Albanian national leader and briefly Prime Minister of Albania This page is about the Albanian national hero - for the town named after him see Bajram Curri (town.

During his presidency, many referred to him as "King", as they had no idea what the word "President" meant.

Albanian King

On September 1, 1928 Zogu was crowned King of the Albanians (Mbret i Shqiptarëve in Albanian). Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Year 1928 ( MCMXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Albanian (sq ''Gjuha shqipe'' ˈɟuha ˈʃcipɛ is an Indo-European language spoken by nearly 6 million peoplewhile others claim that it derives from Daco - Afterwards he was also declared Field Marshal of the Royal Albanian Army on September 1, 1928. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Year 1928 ( MCMXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. He proclaimed a constitutional monarchy similar to the contemporary regime in Italy. A constitutional monarchy, or a limited monarchy, is a form of Constitutional Government, wherein either an elected or hereditary Monarch is He created a strong police force and instituted the Zogist salute (flat hand over the heart with palm facing downwards). Police are agents or agencies usually of the executive, empowered to enforce the law and to effect public and social order through the legitimatized use of force A salute (also called obeisance) is a Gesture (often Hand gesture) or other action used to display respect He claimed to be a successor of Skanderbeg, a lineage which was correct to an extent. Zog hoarded gold coins and precious stones, which were used to back Albania's first paper currency. A banknote (often known as a bill, paper money or simply a note) is a kind of Negotiable instrument, a Promissory note made by a

Zog's mother, Sadijé, was declared Queen Mother of Albania, and Zog also gave his brother and sisters Royal status as Prince and Princesses Zogu. One of his sisters, Senijé, Princess Zogu (1897-1969), married His Imperial Highness Prince Shehzade Mehmed Abid Efendi of Turkey, a son of Sultan Abdul Hamid II. Abdülhamid II His Imperial Majesty Sultan of the Ottoman Empire ( Ottoman Turkish: عبد الحميد ثانی `Abdü’l-Ḥamīd-i sânî, İkinci Abdülhamit Zog attempted to further reinforce his regime's legitimacy by ruling as a constitutional monarch. A constitutional monarchy, or a limited monarchy, is a form of Constitutional Government, wherein either an elected or hereditary Monarch is His kingdom's constitution forbade any Prince of the Royal House from serving as Prime Minister or a member of the Cabinet and contained provisions for the potential extinction of the Royal Family. Ironically, in light of later events, the constitution also forbade the union of the Albanian throne with that of any other country. Under the Zogist constitution, the King of the Albanians, like the King of the Belgians, exercised Royal powers only after taking an oath before Parliament; Zog himself swore an oath on the Bible and the Qur'an (the king being Muslim) in an attempt to unify the country. Monarchy in Belgium is Constitutional and popular in nature The hereditary Monarch Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran

Zog's regime brought stability to Albania and the King organized an educational system. The literacy rate in Albania for the total population age 9 or older is about 93% He also attempted to modernize the Albanian military, though the costs involved in this project were high. He also tried to alter the ethnic character of the Greek minority. The Greeks ( Greek: Έλληνες) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions Under King Zog, the Greek villages suffered considerable repression, including the forcible closure of Greek-language schools in 1933-1934 and the ordering of Greek Orthodox monasteries to accept mentally sick individuals as inmates. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly The Greek Orthodox Church ( Greek: Ἑλληνορθόδοξη Ἐκκλησία Hellēnorthódoxē Ekklēsía) is formed by several autocephalous churches [6]

Life as King

Reverse of Zogian coin
Reverse of Zogian coin
Obverse of Zogian coin
Obverse of Zogian coin

Although born as an aristocrat and hereditary Bey, King Zog was somewhat ignored by other monarchs in Europe because he had no links to European royal bloodlines, although he did have strong connections with Muslim royal families in the Middle East and Egypt. Aristocracy is a form of Government, where rule is established through an internal struggle over who has the most status and influence over society and internal relations Bey is a Turkish title for "chieftain" traditionally applied to the leaders of small tribal groups A royal family is the extended family of a monarch. Generally the head of a royal family is a king or queen regnant The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. However, as King, he was honored by the governments of Italy, Luxembourg, Egypt, Yugoslavia, France, Romania, Greece, Belgium, Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Czechoslovakia and Austria [7]. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Luxembourg (Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg Grand-Duché de Luxembourg Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small Landlocked country in Western Europe, bordered by This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. See also Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Czechoslovakia may also refer to what is now the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich In the absence of nightclubs or theatre in Tirana, the King spent much of his time playing poker, usually with his sisters. A nightclub (or "night club" or "club" is a drinking, dancing, and entertainment venue which does its primary business after dark Theatre (or theater, see spelling differences) is the branch of the Performing arts defined by Bernard Beckerman as what "occurs when one Poker is a type of Card game in which players bet on the value of the card combination (" hand " in their possession by placing a bet into He was also addicted to perfumed cigarettes, and smoked about 150 a day. A cigarette ( French "small Cigar " from cigar + -ette) is a product consumed through Smoking and manufactured His household expenses made up nearly 2% of the national budget.

Zog had been engaged to the daughter of Shefqet Bey Verlaci before he became King. Shefqet Bej Verlaci ( December 15, 1877, Elbasan, Albania – July 21, 1946, Zürich, Switzerland was Prime Soon after his coronation, however, he broke off the engagement. According to traditional customs of blood vengeance prevalent in Albania at the time, Verlaci had the right to kill Zog. A feud (ˈfjuːd (referred to in more extreme cases as a blood feud or vendetta) is a long-running argument or fight between parties&mdashoften through Guilt The King made more than a few enemies - rumour had it that he was the subject of over 600 blood vendettas in addition to Verlaci's - and he frequently surrounded himself with a personal guard and avoided public appearances. He also feared that he might be poisoned, so the Queen Mother assumed supervision of the Royal Kitchen.

During his reign he is said to have survived over 55 assassination attempts. There have been many multiple assassination attempts on presidents of the United States; there have been 17 attempts to kill sitting and former presidents One of these occurred in 1931 while Zog was visiting a Vienna opera house for a performance of Pagliacci. Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Pagliacci ( Players, or Clowns) is an Opera consisting of a prologue and two acts written and composed by Ruggero Leoncavallo. The attackers struck whilst Zog was getting into his car, and he survived by drawing his own pistol (which he always carried) and firing back at his would-be assassins. This is the only occasion in modern history when a Head of State has returned fire with potential assassins. Head of state is the generic term for the individual or collective office that serves as the chief public representative of a Monarchic or Republican Nation-state

In April 1938, Zog married Countess Geraldine Apponyi de Nagy-Apponyi, a Roman Catholic aristocrat who was half-Hungarian and half-American. Aristocracy is a form of Government, where rule is established through an internal struggle over who has the most status and influence over society and internal relations Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Their only child, HRH Crown Prince Leka, was born in Albania on April 5, 1939. Leka Crown Prince of Albania (Leka I Zogu, (born April 5, 1939, the Royal Palace Tirana) is the only son of King Zog I and Queen Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Relations with Italy

The fascist government of Benito Mussolini's Italy had supported Zog since early in his presidency; that support leading to increased Italian influence in Albanian affairs. Fascism is a totalitarian nationalist and corporatist ideology The Italians forced Zog to refuse to renew the First Treaty of Tirana (1926), although Zog still retained British officers in the Gendarmerie as a counterbalance against the Italians, who had pressured Zog to remove them. A gendarmerie or gendarmery (dʒɛnˈdɑrməriː or /ˌʒɑndɑrməˈriː/ after the French is a Military body charged with Police duties among civilian

Queen Geraldine
Queen Geraldine

During the worldwide depression of the early 1930s, Zog's government became almost completely dependent on Mussolini (to the point that the Albanian national bank had its seat in Rome). The Bank of Albania (Banka e Shqipërisë is the Central bank of Albania based in Tirana. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Grain had to be imported from abroad and many Albanians emigrated and Italian settlers were allowed to settle in Albania. In 1932 and 1933, Albania was unable to pay the interest payments on its loans from the Society for the Economic Development of Albania, and the Italians used this as a pretext for further dominance. They demanded that Tirana put Italians in charge of the Gendarmerie, join Italy in a customs union, and grant the Italian Kingdom control of Albania's sugar, telegraph, and electrical monopolies. Finally, Italy called for the Albanian government to establish teaching of the Italian language in all Albanian schools, a demand that was swiftly refused by Zog. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. In defiance of Italian demands, he ordered for the national budget to be slashed by 30 percent, dismissed all Italian military advisers, and nationalized Italian-run Roman Catholic schools in the north of Albania to decrease Italian influence on the population of Albania. In 1934 he tried without success to build ties with France, Germany, and the Balkan states, and Albania drifted back into the Italian orbit.

Two days after the birth of his son and heir, on Good Friday - April 7, 1939, Mussolini's Italy invaded; Albania's small army were no match for them. Good Friday, also called Holy Friday or Great Friday, is the Friday preceding Easter Sunday ("Pascha" Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Royal family realising correctly that their lives were in danger fled into exile. "Oh God, it was so short," were King Zog’s last words to Geraldine on Albanian soil. Count Ciano, the Italian Foreign Minister, arrived the following day; on searching the Palace in Tirana he found the 'labour room' in the Queen's suite; seeing a pile of linen on the floor, stained by the afterbirth, he kicked it across the room. Gian Galeazzo Ciano Count of Cortellazzo and Buccari ( March 18, 1903 – January 11, 1944) was Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs "The cub has escaped!" he said.

Mussolini declared Albania a protectorate under Italy's King Victor Emmanuel III. In International law, a protectorate is a autonomous territory that is "protected" by a stronger state or entity hense the protector which engages to protect Victor Emmanuel III (Vittorio Emanuele III 11 November, 1869 – 28 December, 1947) was a member of the House of Savoy and Zog and his family were forced into exile.

While in France, the Royal Family survived a German air raid during the invasion, reputedly because the entourage was travelling in a Mercedes-Benz identical to Adolf Hitler's (in fact it had been a wedding present from the German dictator). Mercedes-Benz is a German manufacturer of luxury Automobiles Buses coaches and Trucks It is currently a division of the Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently vandalized and vandalism is reverted immediately The effect of this was that none of the bombers had the nerve to fire on a car identical to the Führer's [8].

Former crown prince

Prior to the birth of Prince Leka, the position of Heir Presumptive was held by Prince Tati Esad Murad Kryziu, the son of the King's sister, Princess Nafisa. Tati Esad Murad Kryeziu Prince of Kosova ( 24 December 1923, Tirana — 17 August 1993, Cannes) was the Heir presumptive He was born 24th December 1923 in Tirana. He became honorary General of the Royal Albanian Army in 1928, at age five. He was made Heir Presumptive with the style of His Highness and title of "Prince of Kosova" (Princ i Kosoves) in 1931. After the Royal House's exile, he moved to France, where he died in August 1993.

Life in exile

The royal family settled in England, first at The Ritz in London, then moving for a very short period in 1941 to Ascot in Berkshire, (near his nieces who were at school in Ascot), and then in 1941 to Parmoor House, Parmoor, near Frieth, in Buckinghamshire with some staff of the court living in locations around Lane End. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The Ritz Hotel London is a 133-room Hotel located in Piccadilly and overlooking Green Park in London. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Berkshire (ˈbɑːkʃə or /ˈbɑːkʃɪə/ say Baak-shuh/-sheer sometimes abbreviated to Berks) is a Home County in the South Parmoor is a hamlet to the south of Frieth in the Parish of Hambleden, in Buckinghamshire, England. Frieth is a village in the Parish of Hambleden, in Buckinghamshire, England. Buckinghamshire (abbreviated Bucks) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan home county in South East England. [9] He was an occasional guest at Claridge's on Brook Street in Mayfair. Claridge's is a luxury hotel in Mayfair, central London. It is located at the corner of Brook Street and Davies Street Brook Street is one of the principal streets on the Grosvenor Estate in the exclusive Central London district of Mayfair. Mayfair is an area of central London, England, within the City of Westminster. He once talked of using part of his huge fortune to buy The Times, telling Auberon Herbert: "I won't give a penny more than ten million for it". Auberon Herbert (1922-1974 was a British landowner and advocate of Eastern European causes after World War II. Records of his conversations with friends and family indicate that he wished to set up a feudal kingdom outside Albania if he was not restored to the throne.

In 1951, he bought the Knollwood estate in Muttontown, New York, for approximately $102,800, though some stories claim that he bought the mansion for a bucket of diamonds and rubies. Muttontown is a Village in Nassau County, New York, United States. The sixty-room estate was described as a castle. Zog intended Knollwood to be his kingdom-in-exile, staffed by loyal Albanian subjects, but he never moved into the mansion. The house was never used and Zog sold the estate in 1955, by which point vandals had done over $8,000 worth of damage, apparently hunting for treasure in his absence. The mansion was later further vandalized and parts of it have since been torn down. Ruins of this mansion can still be seen deep in the woods of Muttontown preserve, located on Route 106 in Muttontown, New york

When Zog briefly went to the United States, he wanted to bring along his Court, but the immigration authorities allowed only twenty members. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Zog tried unsuccessfully to bribe the American Senate to permit the remainder to join him. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives

Zog finally chose to make his home in France, living the lifestyle favoured by exiled monarchs, that of the Riviera recluse. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The French Riviera (Côte d'Azur Occitan: Còsta Azzura) is one of the most famous resort areas in the world extending along the Mediterranean Sea west Zog passed away in Hospital Foch, Suresnes, Hauts-de-Seine [10], on April 9, 1961 at the age of 65 but had been seriously ill for some time. Suresnes is a commune in the western suburbs of Paris, France. Hauts-de-Seine (92 (literally " Seine Heights" is a département in France. Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans) Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Allegedly his son and Albanian officers, who stayed with Zog in exile, had to use force to prevent the hospital staff bringing his body to the Chapel (Zog was a Muslim) [11]. He was survived by his wife and son. He is buried at the Thiais Cemetery in Paris. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city

King Zog's son, Leka, and his wife
King Zog's son, Leka, and his wife

On his death his son Leka was pronounced H. Leka Crown Prince of Albania (Leka I Zogu, (born April 5, 1939, the Royal Palace Tirana) is the only son of King Zog I and Queen M. King Leka of the Albanians by the exiled Albanian community (which is why he was not called King of Albania).

His widow, HM Queen Geraldine, died of natural causes in 2002 at the age of 87 in a military hospital in Tirana, Albania. Tirana (Tiranë or Tirana is the Capital and largest city of the Republic of Albania.

Political legacy

During World War II, the royalist resistance in northern Albania was largely ineffective. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including While the Albanian establishment mostly opted for collaboration with the Italians and Germans, it was the partisans who took control of the country. They were able to defeat the last Nazi remnants, as the war ended.

Zog attempted to reclaim his throne after the war. Sponsored by the British, some forces loyal to Zog attempted to mount invasions but were continually ambushed due to intelligence sent to the Soviet Union by spy Kim Philby. The Albanian Subversion is one of the earliest and most notable failures of the Western covert paramilitary operations behind the Iron Curtain. Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby or HAR Philby ( OBE: 1946-1965 ( 1 January, 1912 – 11 May, 1988) However, Albania now had a communist government led by Enver Hoxha who remained in power for 45 years. (ɛnˈvɛɾ ˈhɔdʒa 16 October 1908 11 April 1985 was the leader of the People's Republic of Albania from the end of World War II until his death in 1985 as the A referendum in 1997 proposed to restore the monarchy in the person of Zog's son Leka Zogu (who since 1961 has been styled as Leka I, King of the Albanians). Leka Crown Prince of Albania (Leka I Zogu, (born April 5, 1939, the Royal Palace Tirana) is the only son of King Zog I and Queen The official results stated that about two-thirds of voters favoured a continued republican government. On learning of the result HM King Leka attempted an armed uprising as he believed the result to be fraudulent. He was unsuccessful, however and was forced into exile, although he later returned and now lives in Tirana.

A main street in Tirana has since been re-named by the current Albanian government to "Boulevard Zog".

In popular culture

A character bearing a striking similarity to the king, appeared in the Tintin comic book series as King Muskar XII in King Ottokar's Sceptre. The Adventures of Tintin (Les Aventures de Tintin is a series of Comic strips created by Belgian artist Hergé, the pen name of Georges Remi See also List of The Adventures of Tintin characters, for a complete list The supporting characters Hergé created for his series The Adventures King Ottokar's Sceptre ( French: Le Sceptre d'Ottokar) is the eighth of The Adventures of Tintin, a series of classic comic-strip

In the fourth episode of Monty Python's Flying Circus, the first sketch was noted as having been "specially written for the pubescence of Ex-King Zog of Albania. Monty Python’s Flying Circus (also known as Flying Circus or during the final series just Monty Python) is a BBC Sketch comedy " Other passing references to Zog became something of a running gag on the show. The running gag is an often amusing Joke or reference that appears repeatedly throughout a work or series of works

In Ian Fleming's James Bond novel The Man With the Golden Gun, Francisco Scaramanga says that the Rastafarians of Jamaica owe their allegiance to the ruler of Ethiopia, who he identifies as "this King Zog or what-have-you. Ian Lancaster Fleming ( May 28, 1908 – August 12, 1964) was a British author, Journalist and Second World War James Bond 007 is a Fictional character created in 1953 by writer Ian Fleming, who featured him in twelve Novels and two Short story Francisco Scaramanga is a Fictional character and the main Antagonist in the James Bond film and novel The Man with the Golden Gun The Rastafari movement (also known as Rastafari, Rastafarianism or simply Rasta) is a monotheistic, Abrahamic, New Testament Jamaica (ˈdʒəˈmeɪkə} is an Island nation of the Greater Antilles, in length and as much as in width situated in the Caribbean Sea. NOTE This intro is the result of careful NPOV work Please do not make potentially controversial edits to it without first discussing on the talk page " Actually, the monarch that Scaramanga had in mind was Haile Selassie. Haile Selassie I ( Ge'ez: am ኃይለ፡ ሥላሴ "Power of the Trinity " 23 July 1892 &ndash 27 August 1975 born Tafari Makonnen, was

The song Don Juan by British synth duo the Pet Shop Boys (the B-side to their 1988 single "Domino Dancing") contains the phrase "King Zog's back from holiday, Marie Lupescu's grey and King Alexander is dead in Marseilles". The capitalisation of song titles in this article is disputed " Domino Dancing " is a Song recorded by UK Synthpop duo Pet Shop Boys which reached #7 on the UK Singles Chart and released

The assassination attempt of 1931 was depicted in Aria (film) in 1987. Aria is a 1987 British film produced by Don Boyd from Virgin Group 's visual section consisting of ten short films by a variety of Zog was played by Theresa Russell and the segment was directed by Nicolas Roeg. Theresa Russell (born Theresa Paup on 20 March 1957) is an American Actress. Nicolas Jack Roeg, BSC (born August 15, 1928 in London) is an English Cinematographer and Film director.

Anecdotes

There are many anecdotes about King Zog:

External links

References


  1. ^ Pearson, Owen (2006). Albania in the Twentieth Century: a history. I.B. Tauris, p. I B Tauris (usually typeset as IBTauris) is the name of an independent publishing house with offices in London and New York. 568. ISBN 1845110137.  
  2. ^ Flags of The World website
  3. ^ Toptani blood in Albanian Royalty
  4. ^ Royal Ark
  5. ^ Royal Ark
  6. ^ http://www.da.mod.uk/colleges/csrc/document-listings/balkan/G97,"Under King Zog, the Greek villages suffered considerable repression, including the forcible closure of Greek-language schools in 1933-1934 and the ordering of Greek Orthodox monasteries to accept mentally sick individuals as inmates. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly The Greek Orthodox Church ( Greek: Ἑλληνορθόδοξη Ἐκκλησία Hellēnorthódoxē Ekklēsía) is formed by several autocephalous churches "
  7. ^ Royal Ark
  8. ^ Jason Tomes - King Zog, Self-Made Monarch of Albania, 2003 (ISBN 0-7509-3077-2)
  9. ^ Naçi collection, School of Slavonic and East European Studies, accessed 27 January 2007
  10. ^ Royal Ark
  11. ^ "Queen Geraldine of the Albanians" by Gwen Robyns

Bibliography

See also

Zog of Albania
Born: October 8 1895 Died: April 9 1961
Political offices
Preceded by
Xhafer Ypi		 Prime Minister of Albania
1922–1924		 Succeeded by
Shefqet Bej Verlaci
Preceded by
Ilias Bej Vrioni		 Prime Minister of Albania
1925		 Vacant
Title next held by
Koço Kota
New title President of Albania
1925–1928		 Vacant
Title next held by
Omer Nishani
Regnal titles
Vacant
Title last held by
William of Wied
as Prince of Albania		 King of the Albanians
1928–1939		 Succeeded by
Vittorio Emanuele III
(Italian occupation)
Preceded by
Xhemal Pasha Zogu		 Hereditary Governor of Mati
1911–1939		 Succeeded by
Leka Zogu
Titles in pretence
New title
Italian invasion, communist regime
 — TITULAR —
King of the Albanians
1939–1961		 Succeeded by
Leka Zogu
The History of Albania began over two millennia ago with tribes of uncertain origin populating the area A self-proclaimed monarchy is a Monarchy that is proclaimed into existence often by an individual rather than occurring as part of a longstanding tradition The House of Zogu is a European Royal house founded by Zogu Pasha who migrated to Mati, Albania in the late 15th century and was then Xhafer Bej Ypi (1880 - December 1940 a Bektashi Muslim, was an Albanian Politician. List of Heads of Government of Albania (1912-Present Principality of Albania (1912-1920 Prime Ministers Ismail Qemali Shefqet Bej Verlaci ( December 15, 1877, Elbasan, Albania – July 21, 1946, Zürich, Switzerland was Prime Iljaz Vrioni (1882-1932 was an Albanian politician and landlord List of Heads of Government of Albania (1912-Present Principality of Albania (1912-1920 Prime Ministers Ismail Qemali Koço Kota (1889 – 1949 was an Albanian politician and two times Prime Minister during the reign of King Zog. List of Heads of State of Albania (1912-Present Principality of Albania (1912-1920 Chairman of the National Assembly Ismail Qemali Dr Omer Nishani (1887-1954 was an Albanian a politician from Gjirokastër. Prince William of Wied Prince of Albania (Wilhelm Friedrich Heinrich ( 26 March 1876 &ndash 18 April 1945) reigned briefly as sovereign While the medieval Angevin Kingdom of Albania was a monarchy it did not encompass the entirety of the modern state of Albania. Victor Emmanuel III (Vittorio Emanuele III 11 November, 1869 – 28 December, 1947) was a member of the House of Savoy and Xhemal Pasha Zogu dʒɛmal paʃa zɔgu (1860-1911 (also known as Jamal Pasha, or Jamal Pasha Zogolli) was the Hereditary Governor of Mati, Albania The District of Mat (Rrethi i Matit is one of the thirty-six Districts of Albania. Leka Crown Prince of Albania (Leka I Zogu, (born April 5, 1939, the Royal Palace Tirana) is the only son of King Zog I and Queen A pretender is a claimant to an abolished throne or to a throne already occupied by somebody else While the medieval Angevin Kingdom of Albania was a monarchy it did not encompass the entirety of the modern state of Albania. Leka Crown Prince of Albania (Leka I Zogu, (born April 5, 1939, the Royal Palace Tirana) is the only son of King Zog I and Queen
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