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For other uses, see Zoetrope (disambiguation).
A modern replica of a Victorian zoetrope
A modern replica of a Victorian zoetrope

A zoetrope is a device that produces an illusion of action from a rapid succession of static pictures.

It consists of a cylinder with slits cut vertically in the sides. Beneath the slits on the inner surface of the cylinder is a band which has either individual frames from a video/film or images from a set of sequenced drawings or photographs. A photograph (often shortened to photo) is an Image created by Light falling on a light-sensitive surface usually Photographic film or an electronic As the cylinder spins the user looks through the slits at the pictures on the opposite side of the cylinders' interior. The scanning of the slits keeps the pictures from simply blurring together so that the user sees a rapid succession of images producing the illusion of motion, the equivalent of a motion picture. Cylindrical zoetropes have the property of causing the images to appear thinner than their actual sizes when viewed in motion through the slits.

Contents

Invention

The zoetrope was invented in 1834 by William Horner who called it a "daedalum" or "daedatelum". William George Horner (1786 – September 22, 1837) was a British Mathematician who was born in Bristol England and died Horner based his device on the Phenakistiscope built in 1831 by Joseph Plateau. The phenakistoscope (also spelled phenakistiscope) was an early Animation device the predecessor of the Zoetrope. Year 1831 ( MDCCCXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Joseph Antoine Ferdinand Plateau ( October 14, 1801 &ndash September 15, 1883) was a Belgian Physicist. A device similar to Horners' was described by John Bate in The Mysteries of Nature and Art in 1634. The Mysteryes of Nature and Art is a book by John Bate written in 1634 In fact the earliest elementary zoetrope was created in China around 180 AD by the prolific inventor Ting Huan (丁緩). China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Driven by convection Ting Huan's device hung over a lamp. Convection in the most general terms refers to the movement of molecules within Fluids (i The rising air turned vanes at the top from which were hung translucent paper or mica panels. The word "mica" is thought to be derived from the Latin word la micare, "glitteren" in reference to the brilliant appearance of this mineral (especially Pictures painted on the panels would appear to move if the device is spun at the right speed. [1][2][3][4]

Modern times

William F Lincoln promoted Horner's device in the United States as a "zoetrope".

The praxinoscope was an improvement on the zoetrope that became popular toward the end of the nineteenth century. The praxinoscope was an Animation device the successor to the Zoetrope.

The earliest projected moving images were displayed by using a magic lantern zoetrope. This article is concerned with technical aspects of moving film projection The magic lantern or Lanterna Magica was the ancestor of the modern Slide projector. This crude projection of moving images occurred as early as the 1860s. A magic lantern praxinoscope was demonstrated in the 1880s.

Zoetrope development continues into the twenty-first century, primarily with the "Linear zoetrope. " A linear zoetrope consists of an opaque linear screen with thin vertical slits in it. Behind each slit is an image, often illuminated. One views the motion-picture by moving past the display.

Linear zoetropes have several differences compared to cylindrical zoetropes that derive from their different geometries. They can have arbitrarily long animations. They also cause images to appear wider than their actual sizes when viewed in motion through the slits.

In September 1980, independent film-maker Bill Brand installed a type of linear zoetrope he called the "Masstransiscope" in an unused subway platform in Brooklyn, New York. Brooklyn (named after the Dutch town Breukelen) is one of the five boroughs of New York City. It consisted of a linear wall with 228 slits in the face. Behind each slit was a hand-painted panel. Riders in subways moving past the display saw a motion-picture within.

Joshua Spodek, as an astrophysics graduate student, conceived of and led the development of a class of linear zoetropes that saw the first commercial success of a zoetrope in over a century. A display of his design debuted in September 2001 in a tunnel of the Atlanta subway system and showed an advertisement to riders moving past. That display is internally lit and nearly 300 meters long. Its motion-picture was about twenty seconds long.

His design soon appeared in subway systems elsewhere in North America, Asia, and Europe. Joshua has also participated in a renaissance in zoetrope related art and other noncommercial expression.

In April 2006, the Washington Metro installed advertising using the zoetrope system between the Metro Center and Gallery Place subway stations. Metro Center is the central hub station of the Metrorail Rapid transit system in Washington D Gallery Place–Chinatown is a Washington Metro station in Washington D [5] A similar advertisement is installed on the PATH train in New Jersey, between the World Trade Center and Exchange Place stations. The Port Authority Trans-Hudson ( PATH) is a Rapid transit railroad linking Manhattan, New York with New Jersey, and providing service New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. The World Trade Center in New York City, United States (sometimes informally the WTC or Twin Towers) was a complex of seven buildings in Lower Manhattan The Exchange Place PATH station opened on July 19, 1909, is located in Jersey City New Jersey, adjacent to the Hudson River at

The term zoetrope is from the Greek words zoe, "life" and trope, "turn". Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly It may be taken to mean "wheel of life" or "living wheel. "

Zoetrope is a theatrical production created by Kinematic Theatre, utilising aerial artists. Kinematic Theatre, often abbreviated to ' Kinematic', is a small theatre company operating in London England Debuted at the Rose Theatre, Rose Bruford College. Score composed by Simon Slater, Lighting Designed/Co-Directed by Karl Lawton, Directed and Designed by Andy Sinclair-Harris. Simon Slater, born in Scarborough, North Yorkshire is an English actor and composer

The Ghibli Museum hosts a zoetrope using 3D figures on a rotating disk. is a commercial Museum featuring the Japanese Anime work of Studio Ghibli. Rather than slits or mirrors, a strobing LED is used. The animation on this zoetrope is inspired by My Neighbour Totoro. The bouncing ball animation (below consists of these 6 frames is a 1988 Japanese anime film written and directed by Hayao Miyazaki and produced by Studio Ghibli.

Pixar created a zoetrope inspired by Ghibli's for its 20th anniversary celebration at the Museum of Modern Art, featuring characters from Toy Story. Pixar Animation Studios is a CGI animation production company based in Emeryville California. is a Japanese Animation Film studio, and previously was a subsidiary of Tokuma Shoten. The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan in New York City, USA, on 53rd Street between Fifth Toy Story is a 1995 American computer-generated Comedy film, directed by John Lasseter and starring Tom Hanks The exhibit was on display at Disney's California Adventure, sister park to Disneyland, and is currently (May–April 2008) shown at the Art Museum Tennis Palace in Tennispalatsi, Helsinki. Disney's California Adventure Park (commonly referred to by its initials DCA) is a Theme park in Anaheim California, adjacent to Disneyland Park Disneyland, marketed as the happiest place on Earth, is an American Theme park in Anaheim, California, owned and operated by the Walt Tennispalatsi ( Finnish) or Tennispalatset in Swedish (lit Tennis Palace) is a cultural and recreational center in Kamppi, Helsinki (in Finnish;) or Helsingfors (in Swedish;) is the Capital and largest city of Finland.

In 1998, following the success of the movie Titanic, a rumour started on the internet that the film was going to be released on the zoetrope. Although this was clearly impossible, it was picked up by a Delaware radio station as a real news story. The presenter said 'and it's coming out on the zoetrope, whatever that is. '

In 2007 an image of a zoetrope, where a futuristic city with flying cars was viewed through the shape of a number two, was unveiled as one of BBC Two's new idents.

References

  1. ^ Ronan, Colin A; Joseph Needham (1985). The Shorter Science and Civilisation in China: Volume 2. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-31536-0.  
  2. ^ Dulac, Nicolas; André Gaudreault (2004). Heads or Tails: The Emergence of a New Cultural Series, from the Phenakisticope to the Cinematograph. Invisible Culture: A Journal for Visual Culture. The University of Rochester. Retrieved on 2006-05-13. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola.
  3. ^ History of Media, University of Minnesota, accessed May 13 2006
  4. ^ [i half to make it in atr class http://courses.ncssm.edu/GALLERY/collections/toys/html/exhibit10.htm Zoetrope]. Laura Hayes and John Howard Wileman Exhibit of Optical Toys. The North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics (2005). Retrieved on 2006-05-13. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola.
  5. ^ Metro begins testing new tunnel ads, NBC4, April 4, 2006

Culver City, California, current home of Sony Studios (originally MGM)has several zoetropes placed throughout the main street area.

See also

External links

Dictionary

zoetrope

-noun

  1. An optical toy, in which figures made to revolve on the inside of a cylinder, and viewed through slits in its circumference, appear like a single figure passing through a series of natural motions as if animated or mechanically moved.
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