Zinc sulfide
Other names	Zinc sulphide
Identifiers
CAS number	[[1314-98-3][1]]
Properties
Molecular formula	ZnS
Molar mass	97. CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for Chemical compounds Polymers biological sequences mixtures and Alloys They are also referred to A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes Molar mass, symbol M, is the Mass of one mole of a substance ( Chemical element or Chemical compound) 475 g mol−1
Density	4. The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different 090 g cm−3
Melting point	varies:1973 K[1],2103 K[2],sublimes before melting[3]
Boiling point	2100 K[4],sublimes before melting[3]
Solubility in other solvents	insoluble
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references

Zinc sulfide (or zinc sulphide) is a chemical compound with the formula ZnS. The melting point of a solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to Liquid. The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the Vapor pressure of the liquid equals the environmental pressure surrounding the liquid Solubility is the characteristic Physical property referring to the ability of a given substance the Solute, to dissolve in a Solvent. In Chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 Kilopascals exactly A chemical compound is a substance consisting of two or more different elements chemically bonded together in a fixed proportion by Mass. A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes Zinc (ˈzɪŋk from Zink is a Metallic Chemical element with the symbol Zn and Atomic number 30 Sulfur or sulphur (ˈsʌlfɚ see spelling below) is the Chemical element that has the Atomic number 16 Zinc sulfide is a white- to yellow-colored powder or crystal. It is typically encountered in the more stable cubic form, known also as the mineral sphalerite. Sphalerite (( Zn, Fe) S) is a Mineral that is the chief Ore of Zinc. The hexagonal form is also known both as a synthetic material and as the mineral wurtzite. This article is about the mineral wurtzite For the wurtzite crystal structure see Wurtzite (crystal structure. Both sphalerite and wurtzite are intrinsic, wide-bandgap semiconductors. In Solid state physics and related applied fields a band gap, also called an energy gap or bandgap, is an energy range in a solid where no electron states A semiconductor' is a Solid material that has Electrical conductivity in between a conductor and an insulator; it can vary over that The cubic form has a band gap of 3. In Solid state physics and related applied fields a band gap, also called an energy gap or bandgap, is an energy range in a solid where no electron states 54 eV at 300 K whereas the hexagonal form has a band gap of 3. The kelvin (symbol K) is a unit increment of Temperature and is one of the seven SI base units The Kelvin scale is a thermodynamic 91 eV.

A transition from the sphalerite form to the wurtzite form occurs at around 1293. 15 K. The kelvin (symbol K) is a unit increment of Temperature and is one of the seven SI base units The Kelvin scale is a thermodynamic Sphalerite melts at 1991 K. The kelvin (symbol K) is a unit increment of Temperature and is one of the seven SI base units The Kelvin scale is a thermodynamic It has a standard enthalpy of formation of −204. The standard enthalpy of formation or "standard heat of formation" of a compound is the change of Enthalpy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of a 6 kJ mol⁻¹ at 298 K. The joule (written in lower case ˈdʒuːl or /ˈdʒaʊl/ (symbol J) is the SI unit of Energy measuring heat, Electricity The mole (symbol mol) is a unit of Amount of substance: it is an SI base unit, and almost the only unit to be used to measure this

Contents 1 Applications 2 Production in lab 3 See also 4 References 5 External links

Applications

ZnS was used by Ernest Rutherford and others in the early years of nuclear physics as a scintillation detector, because it emits light on excitation by x-rays or electron beam, making it useful for x-ray screens and cathode ray tubes. Ernest Rutherford 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, OM, PC, FRS (30 August 1871 – 19 October 1937 was a New Zealand Physicist Nuclear physics is the field of Physics that studies the building blocks and interactions of Atomic nuclei. A scintillator is a substance that absorbs high-energy (ie Ionizing) electromagnetic or charged Particle radiation then in response fluoresces X-radiation (composed of X-rays) is a form of Electromagnetic radiation. Cathode rays (also called an electron beam or e-beam) are streams of Electrons observed in Vacuum tubes i The cathode ray tube (CRT is a Vacuum tube containing an Electron gun (a source of electrons and a Fluorescent screen with internal or It also exhibits phosphorescence due to impurities on illumination with blue or ultraviolet light. Phosphorescence is a specific type of Photoluminescence related to fluorescence. Ultraviolet ( UV) light is Electromagnetic radiation with a Wavelength shorter than that of Visible light, but longer than X-rays

Zinc sulfide, with addition of few ppm of suitable activator, is used as phosphor in many applications, from cathode ray tubes through x-ray screens to glow in the dark products. "Parts-per" notation is used especially in Science and Engineering, to denote Ratios (relative proportions in measured quantities particularly A phosphor is a substance that exhibits the phenomenon of Phosphorescence (sustained glowing after exposure to energized particles such as Electrons The cathode ray tube (CRT is a Vacuum tube containing an Electron gun (a source of electrons and a Fluorescent screen with internal or X-radiation (composed of X-rays) is a form of Electromagnetic radiation. When silver is used as activator, the resulting color is bright blue, with maximum at 450 nm. Silver (ˈsɪlvɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol " Ag " (argentum from the Ancient Greek: ἀργήντος - argēntos gen A nanometre ( American spelling: nanometer, symbol nm) ( Greek: νάνος nanos dwarf; μετρώ metrό count) is a Manganese yields an orange-red color at around 590 nm. Manganese (ˈmæŋgəniːz is a Chemical element, designated by the symbol Mn. Copper provides long glow time and the familiar glow-in-the-dark greenish color. Copper (ˈkɒpɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol Cu (cuprum and Atomic number 29 Copper doped zinc sulfide (ZnS+Cu) is used also in electroluminescent panels. Electroluminescence (EL is an Optical phenomenon and Electrical phenomenon in which a material emits light in response to an Electric current passed through

Zinc sulfide is also used as an infrared optical material, transmitting from visible wavelengths to over 12 micrometres. Infrared ( IR) radiation is Electromagnetic radiation whose Wavelength is longer than that of Visible light, but shorter than that of In Physics wavelength is the distance between repeating units of a propagating Wave of a given Frequency. A micrometre ( American spelling: micrometer; symbol µm) is one millionth of a Metre, or equivalently one thousandth of a Millimetre It can be used planar as an optical window or shaped into a lens. The meaning of this term depends on the context In Astronomy, the optical window is the optical portion of the Electromagnetic spectrum that passes through A lens is an optical device with perfect or approximate Axial symmetry which transmits and refracts Light, converging or diverging It is made as microcrystalline sheets by the synthesis from H₂S gas and zinc vapour and sold as FLIR (Forward Looking IR) grade ZnS a pale milky yellow visibly opaque form. This material when hot isostatically pressed (HIPed) can be converted to a water-clear form known as Cleartran (trademark). Hot isostatic pressing (HIP is a Manufacturing process used to reduce the porosity of metals and influence the density of many ceramic materials Early commercial forms were marketed as Irtran-2 but this designation is now obsolete.

It can be doped as both n-type semiconductor and p-type semiconductor, which is unusual for the II-VI semiconductors. In Semiconductor production doping is the process of intentionally introducing impurities into an extremely pure (also referred to as intrinsic) semiconductor to An N-type semiconductor (N for Negative) is obtained by carrying out a process of doping, that is by adding an impurity of valence -five elements to A P-type semiconductor (P for Positive) is obtained by carrying out a process of doping, that is adding a certain type of atoms to the semiconductor in order II-VI semiconductors are a family of Semiconductors which are chemical compounds of elements from groups II and VI of the Periodic table, (group ZnS is a covalently bonded solid.

Production in lab

It is easily produced by mixing an amount of zinc and sulfur and then igniting it and as it extingushes zinc sulfide is obtained. This can be a very dangerous process.

See also

• Zinc oxide
• Zinc selenide
• Cadmium sulfide

References

External links

• Composition of CRT phosphors
• IR filters University of Reading

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