| Zinc selenide | |
|---|---|
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| Other names | zinc(II) selenide |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | [1315-09-9] |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | ZnSe |
| Molar mass | 144. CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for Chemical compounds Polymers biological sequences mixtures and Alloys They are also referred to A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes Molar mass, symbol M, is the Mass of one mole of a substance ( Chemical element or Chemical compound) 35 g/mol |
| Appearance | light yellow solid |
| Density | 5. The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different 27 g/cm3, solid |
| Melting point |
1525 °C |
| Boiling point |
°C |
| Solubility in water | Insoluble |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std enthalpy of formation ΔfH |
−177. The melting point of a solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to Liquid. The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the Vapor pressure of the liquid equals the environmental pressure surrounding the liquid Solubility is the characteristic Physical property referring to the ability of a given substance the Solute, to dissolve in a Solvent. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. The standard enthalpy of formation or "standard heat of formation" of a compound is the change of Enthalpy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of a 6 kJ/mol |
| Standard molar entropy S |
???? J. In Chemistry, the standard molar entropy is the Entropy content of one mole of substance under standard conditions (not standard temperature and pressure K−1. mol−1 |
| Hazards | |
| MSDS | Oxford University Safety Data |
| EU classification | Dangerous for the environment (N) |
| R-phrases | R20 R22 R36 R38 R23/R25 R33 |
| Related compounds | |
| Other anions | Zinc sulfide Zinc oxide Zinc telluride |
| Other cations | Cadmium selenide Mercury selenide |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references |
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Zinc selenide (ZnSe), is a light yellow binary solid compound. A material safety data sheet ( MSDS) is a form containing data regarding the properties of a particular substance Council Directive 67/548/EEC of 27 June 1967 on the approximation of laws regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification packaging and labelling R-phrases (short for Risk Phrases) are defined in Annex III of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Nature of special risks attributed to dangerous An ion is an Atom or Molecule which has lost or gained one or more Valence electrons giving it a positive or negative electrical charge Zinc sulfide (or zinc sulphide is a Chemical compound with the formula Zn[[Sulfur S]] Zinc oxide is a Chemical compound with the formula ZnO It is nearly insoluble in water but soluble in Acids and Bases It occurs Zinc telluride is the Chemical compound with the formula ZnTe An ion is an Atom or Molecule which has lost or gained one or more Valence electrons giving it a positive or negative electrical charge Cadmium selenide ( Cd[[Selenium Se]] is a solid binary compound of cadmium and selenium Mercury selenide (HgSe is a chemical compound of mercury and Selenium. In Chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 Kilopascals exactly Zinc (ˈzɪŋk from Zink is a Metallic Chemical element with the symbol Zn and Atomic number 30 Selenium (səˈliniəm is a Chemical element with the Atomic number 34 represented by the chemical symbol Se, an atomic mass of 78 It is an intrinsic semiconductor with a band gap of about 2. An intrinsic semiconductor, also called an undoped semiconductor or i-type semiconductor, is a pure Semiconductor without any significant Dopant In Solid state physics and related applied fields a band gap, also called an energy gap or bandgap, is an energy range in a solid where no electron states 7 eV at 25 °C. It has a standard enthalpy of formation of 177. The standard enthalpy of formation or "standard heat of formation" of a compound is the change of Enthalpy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of a 6 kJ/mol at 25 °C. It adopts a Zincblende lattice structure with lattice constant a=566. Sphalerite (( Zn, Fe) S) is a Mineral that is the chief Ore of Zinc. The Lattice Constant refers to the constant distance between Unit cells in a Crystal lattice. 8 picometers. A picometre ( American spelling: picometer, symbol pm) is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one trillionth
ZnSe rarely occurs in nature. It is found in the mineral stilleite named after Hans Stille. A mineral is a naturally occurring substance formed through geological processes that has a characteristic chemical composition a highly ordered atomic structure and specific Stilleite is a selinide mineral Zinc selenide with formula Zn[[selenium Se]] Hans Stille ( October 8, 1876 &ndash December 26, 1966) was an influential German tectonic Geologist.
Contents |
Applications
- ZnSe is used to form II-VI light-emitting diodes and diode lasers. A laser diode is a Laser where the active medium is a Semiconductor similar to that found in a Light-emitting diode. It emits blue light. It is susceptible to n-type doping with, for instance, halogen elements. An N-type semiconductor (N for Negative) is obtained by carrying out a process of doping, that is by adding an impurity of valence -five elements to In Semiconductor production doping is the process of intentionally introducing impurities into an extremely pure (also referred to as intrinsic) semiconductor to Abundance Owing to their high Reactivity, the halogens are found in the environment only in compounds or as Ions Halide ions and oxoanions P-type doping is more difficult, but can be achieved by introducing nitrogen. A P-type semiconductor (P for Positive) is obtained by carrying out a process of doping, that is adding a certain type of atoms to the semiconductor in order Nitrogen (ˈnaɪtɹəʤɪn is a Chemical element that has the symbol N and Atomic number 7 and Atomic weight 14
- ZnSe doped with chromium (ZnSe:Cr) has been used as an infrared laser gain medium emitting at about 2. Chromium (ˈkroʊmiəm is a Chemical element which has the symbol Cr and Atomic number 24 Infrared ( IR) radiation is Electromagnetic radiation whose Wavelength is longer than that of Visible light, but shorter than that of The active laser medium or gain medium is the source of optical Gain within a Laser. 5 µm. A micrometre ( American spelling: micrometer; symbol µm) is one millionth of a Metre, or equivalently one thousandth of a Millimetre [1]
- It is used as an infrared optical material with a remarkably wide transmission wavelength range (0. 6 µm to 20 µm). The refractive index is about 2. The refractive index (or index of Refraction) of a medium is a measure for how much the speed of light (or other waves such as sound waves is reduced inside the medium 67 at 550 nm (green), and about 2. 40 at 10. 6 µm (LWIR). Infrared ( IR) radiation is Electromagnetic radiation whose Wavelength is longer than that of Visible light, but shorter than that of ZnSe is produced as microcrystalline sheets by synthesis from H2Se gas and zinc vapour. Lasertran (trademark of Rohm & Haas) grade is especially free of absorption and inclusions and is used particularly for CO2 laser optics at 10. 6 micrometres wavelength. It is thus a very important IR material. In daily life, it can be found as the entrance optic in the new range of "in-ear" clinical thermometers and can be just seen as a small yellow window. Zinc selenide can slowly react with atmospheric moisture if poorly polished, but this is not generally a serious problem. Except where optics are use in spectroscopy or at the brewster angle, antireflection or beamsplitting coatings are generally employed. Spectroscopy was originally the study of the interaction between Radiation and Matter as a function of Wavelength (λ Brewster's angle (also known as the polarization angle) is an Angle of incidence at which light with a particular Polarization is perfectly transmitted
- Brittle, may be broken by clumsy people.
- ZnSe doped with tellurium (ZnSe(Te)) is a scintillator with emission peak at 640 nm, suitable for matching with photodiodes. Tellurium (tɪˈlʊəriəm/ /tɛl- is a Chemical element that has the symbol Te and Atomic number 52 A scintillator is a substance that absorbs high-energy (ie Ionizing) electromagnetic or charged Particle radiation then in response fluoresces A photodiode is a type of Photodetector capable of converting Light into either current or Voltage, depending upon the mode of operation It is used in x-ray and gamma ray detectors. X-radiation (composed of X-rays) is a form of Electromagnetic radiation. Gamma rays (denoted as &gamma) are a form of Electromagnetic radiation or light emission of frequencies produced by sub-atomic particle interactions ZnSe scintillators are significantly different from the ZnS ones. Zinc sulfide (or zinc sulphide is a Chemical compound with the formula Zn[[Sulfur S]]
Chemistry
ZnSe reacts with acids to form toxic hydrogen selenide gas. Hydrogen selenide is H2Se the simplest Hydride of Selenium. H2Se is a colorless flammable gas under standard conditions
It is grown by chemical vapour deposition techniques including MOVPE. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD is a Chemical process used to produce high-purity high-performance solid materials Metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE is a Chemical vapour deposition method of epitaxial growth of materials especially Compound semiconductors from
See also
References
- ^ Cr2+ excitation levels in ZnSe and ZnS, G. Zinc sulfide (or zinc sulphide is a Chemical compound with the formula Zn[[Sulfur S]] Zinc telluride is the Chemical compound with the formula ZnTe Cadmium selenide ( Cd[[Selenium Se]] is a solid binary compound of cadmium and selenium Cadmium telluride (CdTe is a Crystalline compound formed from Cadmium and Tellurium with a zinc blende (cubic crystal structure Grebe, G. Roussos and H. -J. Schulz, J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys. vol. 9 pp. 4511-4516 (1976) doi:10.1088/0022-3719/9/24/020
External links
- Reading University optical data
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