- This is a Chinese name; the family name is Zhu. Personal Names in Chinese culture follow a number of conventions different from those of personal names in Western cultures. Chinese family name is one of the hundreds or thousands of Family names that have been historically used by Han Chinese and Sinicized Chinese ethnic Chu ( 朱) also denoted Zhu (according to Zhū in Pinyin) in Mainland China, is one of the most common Surnames in China
| 朱镕基 Zhu Rongji |
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|---|---|
| In office 1998 – 2003 |
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| President | Jiang Zemin |
| Deputy | Li Lanqing Qian Qichen Wu Bangguo Wen Jiabao |
| Preceded by | Li Peng |
| Succeeded by | Wen Jiabao |
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| Born | October 1, 1928 Changsha, Hunan |
| Nationality | Chinese |
| Political party | Communist Party of China |
| Spouse | Lao An |
| Alma mater | Tsinghua University |
| Profession | Electrical engineer |
| Religion | Atheist |
Zhū Róngjī (born October 1, 1928, simplified Chinese: 朱镕基; traditional Chinese: 朱鎔基;[1] Wade-Giles: Chu Jung-chi) is a prominent Chinese politician who served as the Mayor and Party chief in Shanghai between 1987 and 1991, before serving as Vice-Premier and then Premier of the People's Republic of China from March 1998 to March 2003. The Premier of the State Council ( sometimes incorrectly referred to as the "Prime Minister" is the Chairman of the State Council of the People's Republic of China Jiang Zemin ( born 17 August 1926 was the "core of the third generation " of Communist Party of China leaders serving as General Secretary of Li Lanqing ( Chinese: 李岚清 Pinyin: Lǐ Lánqīng born May 1932 is a prominent Chinese politician Qian Qichen ( Chinese: 钱其琛 born January 5 1928) is a Chinese diplomat and communist Political figure. Wu Bangguo ( (born July 1941 is a politician in the People's Republic of China. This is a Chinese name; the family name is Wen. Wen Jiabao ( (born 15 September 1942 is the Premier of the Li Peng ( (b 20 October 1928 was the Premier of China between 1987 and 1998 the Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress This is a Chinese name; the family name is Wen. Wen Jiabao ( (born 15 September 1942 is the Premier of the Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. Year 1928 ( MCMXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Changsha ( is the Capital city of Hunan, a province of south-central China, located on the lower reaches of Xiang river a branch of the ( is a province of China, located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and south of Lake Dongting (hence the name Hunan, meaning Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES The Communist Party of China ( CPC) ( also known as the Chinese Communist Party ( CCP) is the founding and ruling political party of the Alma mater is Latin for "nourishing mother" It was used in Ancient Rome as a title for the mother Goddess, and in Medieval Tsinghua University ( THU;) is a University in Beijing, People's Republic of China. Electrical engineering, sometimes referred to as electrical and electronic engineering, is a field of Engineering that deals with the study and application of Atheism Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. Year 1928 ( MCMXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Wade-Giles (ˌweɪdˈʤaɪlz) sometimes abbreviated Wade, is a Romanization system (phonetic notation and Transcription) for the Mandarin Shanghai ( 上[[wikt 海|海]] is the largest city in China in terms of population and one of the largest urban areas in the world with over 20 million Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. The Premier of the State Council ( sometimes incorrectly referred to as the "Prime Minister" is the Chairman of the State Council of the People's Republic of China Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) March 2003: January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September
A tough administrator, his time in office saw the continued double-digit growth of the Chinese economy and China's increased assertiveness in international affairs. Known to be engaged in a testy relationship with President Jiang Zemin, under whom he served, Zhu provided a novel pragmatism and hard work ethic in the government and party leadership increasingly infested by corruption, and as a result gained great popularity with the Chinese public. Jiang Zemin ( born 17 August 1926 was the "core of the third generation " of Communist Party of China leaders serving as General Secretary of His opponents, however, charge that Zhu's tough and pragmatic stance on policy was unrealistic and unnecessary, and many of his promises were left unfulfilled. Zhu retired in 2003, and has not been a public figure since. Premier Zhu was also widely known for his tasteful humour.
Contents |
Purges, "rehabilitation," and Deng Xiaoping
Zhu joined the Communist Party of China in October, 1949. The Communist Party of China ( CPC) ( also known as the Chinese Communist Party ( CCP) is the founding and ruling political party of the Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. He graduated from the prestigious Tsinghua University in 1951 where he majored in electrical engineering. Tsinghua University ( THU;) is a University in Beijing, People's Republic of China. Electrical engineering, sometimes referred to as electrical and electronic engineering, is a field of Engineering that deals with the study and application of Afterwards, he worked for the Northeast China Department of Industries as deputy head of its production planning office.
From 1952-1958, he worked in the State Planning Commission as group head and deputy division chief. Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Having criticized Mao Zedong's "irrational high growth" policies during the Great Leap Forward, Zhu was labeled a "Rightist" in 1958 and sent to work as a teacher at a cadre school. Mao Zedong ( 26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976) was a Chinese Military and political leader who led The Great Leap Forward ( of the People's Republic of China (PRC was an economic and social plan used from 1958 to 1960 which aimed to use China 's vast population Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Pardoned (but not rehabilitated) in 1962, he worked as an engineer for the National Economy Bureau of the State Planning Commission until 1969. Year 1962 ( MCMLXII) was a Common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
During the Cultural Revolution, Zhu was purged again, and from 1970 to 1975 he was transferred to work at a "May Seventh Cadre School," a type of farm used for re-education during the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976). The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in the People’s Republic of China was a struggle for power within the Communist Party of China that manifested into Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
From 1975 to 1979, he served as the deputy chief engineer of a company run by the Pipeline Bureau of the Ministry of Petroleum Industry and as the director of Industrial Economics Institute under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences ( CASS)( is the premier academic research organization in the fields of philosophy and social sciences of China it is also the most
When Deng Xiaoping started economic reforms in 1978, his politic looked for like-minded economic advisors and sought out Zhu. Deng Xiaoping ( 22 August 1904 19 February 1997) was a prominent Chinese Revolutionary, Politician, Pragmatist and Reformer Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) The CCP formally rehabilitated Zhu on the strength of Zhu's forward-thinking and bold economic ideas. His membership in CCP was restored. Deng once said that Zhu "has his own views, dares to make decisions and knows economics. "
Career in Shanghai
Zhu went to work for the State Economic Commission (SEC) as the division chief of the Bureau of Fuel and Power Industry and as the deputy director of the Comprehensive Bureau from 1979 to 1982. The National Development and Reform Commission ( NDRC)( Chinese:国家发展和改革委员会 Pinyin:Guójiā Fāzhǎn hé Gǎigé Wěiyuánhuì formerly Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) He was appointed as a member of the State Economic Commission in 1982 and as the vice-minister in charge of the commission in 1983, where he held the post until 1987, before being appointed as the mayor of Shanghai. Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) Shanghai ( 上[[wikt 海|海]] is the largest city in China in terms of population and one of the largest urban areas in the world with over 20 million
As the mayor of Shanghai from 1989 to 1991, Zhu won popular respect and acclaim for overseeing the development of Pudong, a Singapore-sized Special Economic Zone (SEZ) wedged between Shanghai proper and the East China Sea, as well the modernization of the city's telecommunications, urban construction, and transport sectors. Shanghai ( 上[[wikt 海|海]] is the largest city in China in terms of population and one of the largest urban areas in the world with over 20 million Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. Pudong ( officially known as Pudong New Area (浦東新区 Pinyin: Pǔdōng Xīn Qū is a district of Shanghai, China that A Special Economic Zone ( SEZ) is a geographical region that has economic laws that are more liberal than a country's typical economic laws
Vice Premiership
In 1991, Zhu became the vice-premier of the State Council, transferring to Beijing from Shanghai. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. Shanghai ( 上[[wikt 海|海]] is the largest city in China in terms of population and one of the largest urban areas in the world with over 20 million Also holding the post of director of the State Council Production Office, Zhu focused on industry, agriculture and finance, launching the drive to disentangle the "debt chains" of state enterprises. For the sake of the peasantry, he took the lead in eliminating the use of credit notes in state grain purchasing.
Between 1993 and 1995, Zhu served as a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee while retaining his posts as the vice-premier of the State Council and as the governor of the People's Bank of China. Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 The People's Bank of China ( PBC or PBOC) ( is the Central bank of the People's Republic of China (not to be confused with the Bank From 1995 to 1998, he retained the positions of Standing Committee member and vice-premier. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar)
Concurrently serving as governor of the Central Bank, Zhu tackled the problems of an excessive money supply, rising prices, and a chaotic financial market stemming, in large measure, from runaway investments in fixed assets. After four years of successful macro-economic controls with curbing inflation as the primary task, an overheated Chinese economy cooled down to a "soft landing". With these achievements, Zhu, acknowledged as an able economic administrator, became premier of the State Council.
Premiership
Zhu has a reputation for being a strong, strict administrator, intolerant of flunkeyism, nepotism, and a dilatory style of work. Flunkeyism (also spelled flunkyism; Korean hangŭl 사대주의 (事大主義 romanisation Sadae juŭi is a term indicating toadyism servile attitude or worship Nepotism is the showing of favoritism toward relatives and friends based upon that relationship rather than on an objective evaluation of ability Meritocracy or suitability For his hard work ethic and general truthful and transparent attitude, he is generally considered one of the most popular Communist officials in mainland China.
With support from Jiang Zemin and Li Peng, then president and premier respectively, Zhu enacted tough macroeconomic control measures. Jiang Zemin ( born 17 August 1926 was the "core of the third generation " of Communist Party of China leaders serving as General Secretary of Li Peng ( (b 20 October 1928 was the Premier of China between 1987 and 1998 the Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress Macroeconomics is a branch of Economics that deals with the performance structure and behavior of a national or regional Economy as a whole Favoring healthy, sustainable development, Zhu expunged low-tech, duplicated projects and sectors that would result in "a bubble economy" and projects in transport, energy and agricultural sectors, averting violent market fluctuations. He focused on strengthening agriculture, still the economic base of the developing country and on continuing a moderately tight monetary policy.
President Jiang Zemin nominated Zhu for the position of the Premier of the State Council at the Ninth National People's Congress (NPC), who confirmed the nomination on March 17, 1998 at the NPC First Session. Jiang Zemin ( born 17 August 1926 was the "core of the third generation " of Communist Party of China leaders serving as General Secretary of A similar term is "National Congress" which is a less common translation of People's Political Consultative Conference. Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Zhu was re-elected as a member of the powerful Politburo Standing Committee, China's de facto central decision-making group, at the 15th CPC Central Committee in September 1997. The Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China (PSC, abbreviated) is a committee whose membership varies between 5 and 9 people usually men and includes Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar
The 1990's were a difficult time for economic management, as unemployment soared in the cities, and the bureaucracy became increasingly tainted with corruption scandals. Zhu kept things on track in the difficult years of the late 1990s, so that China averaged growth of 9. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) 7% a year over the two decades to 2000. Against the backdrop of the Asian financial crisis (and catastrophic domestic floods) mainland China's GDP still grew by 7. 9% in the first nine months of 2002, beating the government's 7% target despite a global economic slowdown. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. This was achieved, partly, through active state intervention to stimulate demand through wage increases in the public sector, among other measures. China was one of the few economies in Asia that survived the crisis.
While foreign direct investment (FDI) worldwide halved in 2000, the flow of capital into mainland China rose by 10%. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. As global firms scrambled to avoid missing the China boom, FDI in China rose by 22. 6% in 2002. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. While global trade stagnated, growing by one percent in 2002, mainland China's trade soared by 18% in the first nine months of 2002, with exports outstripping imports. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar.
Despite the glowing growth statistics, Zhu tackled deep-seated structural problems: uneven development; inefficient state firms and a banking system mired in bad loans. Observers think there are few substantial disagreements over economic policy in the CPC; tensions focus on the pace of change. Zhu's economic philosophies had often triumphed over that of his colleagues, but it nevertheless resulted in a testy relationship with then-President Jiang Zemin. Jiang Zemin ( born 17 August 1926 was the "core of the third generation " of Communist Party of China leaders serving as General Secretary of
The PRC leadership struggled to modernize State-owned enterprises (SOEs) without inducing massive urban unemployment. A government-owned corporation, state-owned enterprise or government business enterprise is a legal entity created by a Government to undertake commercial As millions lost their jobs as state firms close, Zhu demanded financial safety nets for unemployed workers, an important aim in a country of 1. 3 billion. China needs 100 million new urban jobs in the next five years to absorb laid off workers and rural migrants; so far they have been achieving this aim due to high per capita GDP growth. Under the auspices of Zhu and Wen Jiabao (his top deputy and successor), the state tried to alleviate unemployment while promoting efficiency, by pumping tax revenues into the economy and maintaining consumer demand. This is a Chinese name; the family name is Wen. Wen Jiabao ( (born 15 September 1942 is the Premier of the Zhu has won acclaim domestically and internationally for steering the People's Republic of into the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar.
Critics have charges that there is an oversupply of manufactured goods, driving down prices and profits while increasing the level of bad debt in the banking system. But so far demand for Chinese goods, domestically and abroad, is high enough to put those concerns to rest in the time being. Consumer spending is growing, boosted, in large part, due to longer workers' holidays.
Zhu's right-hand man, Vice Premier Wen Jiabao, oversaw regulations for the stock market and campaigned to develop poorer inland provinces to stem migration and regional resentment. This is a Chinese name; the family name is Wen. Wen Jiabao ( (born 15 September 1942 is the Premier of the Zhu and Wen set tax limits for peasants to protect them from high levies by corrupt officials. Well-respected by ordinary Chinese citizens, Zhu also holds the respect of Western political and business leaders, who found him reassuring and credit him with clinching China's market-opening World Trade Organisation (WTO) deal,[2] which has brought foreign capital pouring into the country.
Zhu remained as Premier until the National People's Congress met in March 2003, when it approved his struggle to clinch trusted deputy Wen Jiabao as his successor. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. This is a Chinese name; the family name is Wen. Wen Jiabao ( (born 15 September 1942 is the Premier of the Wen was the only Zhu ally to appear on the 9-person Politburo Standing Committee. The Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China (PSC, abbreviated) is a committee whose membership varies between 5 and 9 people usually men and includes Like his fourth-generation colleague Hu Jintao, Wen's personal opinions are difficult to discern since he sticks very closely to his script. Hu Jintao ( born 21 December 1942 is currently the Paramount Leader of the People's Republic of China, holding the titles of General Secretary of the Communist Unlike the frank, strong-willed Zhu, Wen, who has earned a reputation for being an equally competent manager, is known for his suppleness and discretion.
During the 2000 ROC presidential election in Taiwan, Zhu gave the warning "there will be no good ending for those involved in Taiwan independence". The Election for the 10th-term President and Vice-President of the Republic of China (第十任中華民國總統、副總統選舉 the second ever direct elections for President Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia. Taiwan independence ( Pe̍h-oē-jī: Tâi-oân To̍k-li̍p ūn-tōng abbreviated to 台獨 Táidú Tâi-to̍k is a In his farewell speech to the National People's Congress, Zhu unintentionally referred to China and Taiwan as two "countries" before quickly correcting himself. A similar term is "National Congress" which is a less common translation of People's Political Consultative Conference. [3] His stance on Taiwan during his time in office was always with the Party line.
Personal
Zhu has a good command of English. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States He is rarely seen speaking from a script. In his free time, Zhu enjoys the Peking Opera. Beijing opera or Peking opera ( is a form of traditional Chinese theatre which combines music vocal performance mime dance and acrobatics According to some reports, Zhu is a descendent of Hongwu Emperor, the founder of the Ming Dynasty [4]. Early life Zhu Yuanzhang was born in 1328 in Pei County Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province as the youngest of four sons The Ming Dynasty ( or Empire of the Great Ming ( was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol -led His wife, Lao An, was once vice-chairman of the board of directors of China International Engineering and Consulting. She and Zhu were in the same schools twice, first the Hunan First Provincial Middle School (湖南第一中学) and then Tsinghua University. Tsinghua University ( THU;) is a University in Beijing, People's Republic of China. They have a son and a daughter.
Zhu is known for his technical intellect. In 1997 at a state banquet in Australia, Zhu left for the bathroom, and was gone quite a while. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Concerned security staff finally went off to find him. He was in the bathroom, studying the water-saving dual-flush system which he had just disassembled. As a hydrologist, Zhu grasped the impact such water savings, multiplied by China's huge population, could have on China's infrastructure. [5][6]
Legacy
Zhu Rongji was noticeably more popular than his predecessor, Li Peng, and some analysts point out that Zhu's tough administrative style in the Premier's office bore a certain resemblance to Premier Zhou Enlai. Li Peng ( (b 20 October 1928 was the Premier of China between 1987 and 1998 the Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress Zhou Enlai ( (5 March 1898 – 8 January 1976 was the first Premier of the People's Republic of China, serving from 1949 until his death in January 1976 Zhu, a competent manager and a skilled politician, ran into various roadblocks during his tenure because of the attitude of President Jiang Zemin and the Chinese political system in general, which has seemed to historically favour talkers instead of doers. Critics charge that Zhu made too many "big promises" that are unable to be achieved during his term in office. In dealing with the Falun Gong situation, Premier Zhu received international attention for being the first Chinese communist leader to deal with an issue of public outcry through the methods of dialogue. Falun Gong ( or Falun Dafa is a spiritual practice founded in China by Li Hongzhi （李洪志） in 1992
References
- ^ Due to limitations of the original GB2312 character set, his name has often appeared as 朱熔基. GB2312 is the registered internet name for a key official Character set of the People's Republic of China, used for simplified Chinese characters A character encoding consists of a code that pairs a sequence of characters from a given character set (sometimes incorrectly referred to as Code page Zhu disapproves of this and prefers the correct version, 朱镕基.
- ^ As regards the China's integration into the WTO, see Paolo Farah (2006) Five Years of China’s WTO Membership. EU and US Perspectives on China’s Compliance with Transparency Commitments and the Transitional Review Mechanism, Legal Issues of Economic Integration, Kluwer Law International, Volume 33, Number 3, pp. 263-304.
- ^ "China and Taiwan `two countries': Zhu", Taipei Times, March 6, 2003, pp. The Taipei Times is one of the three major English -language Newspapers in the Republic of China ( Taiwan) the other two being the Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. 3.
- ^ "Red Star", TIME Magazine, April 12, 1999, pp. Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) 3.
- ^ ChinaOnline (2000-12-18), “Dear john: Tapping into China's toilet revolution”, ChinaOnline (Chicago, IL), <http://www.lexisnexis.com/us/lnacademic/results/docview/docview.do?risb=21_T2060472434&format=GNBFI&sort=RELEVANCE&startDocNo=1&resultsUrlKey=29_T2060472437&cisb=22_T2060472436&treeMax=true&treeWidth=0&csi=230916&docNo=2>. Retrieved on 14 September 2007. Unable to find the article on ChinaOnline.com. URL is to a LexisNexis search result which may only be available to subscribers. LexisNexis (sometimes simply called "Lexis" or "Nexis" among users is a popular searchable Archive of content from Newspapers Magazines
- ^ Nicholson, Brendan (2001-05-06), “The China syndrome”, Sunday Age (Melbourne, Australia): 17, <http://www.lexisnexis.com/us/lnacademic/results/docview/docview.do?risb=21_T2060472434&format=GNBFI&sort=RELEVANCE&startDocNo=1&resultsUrlKey=29_T2060472437&cisb=22_T2060472436&treeMax=true&treeWidth=0&csi=314239&docNo=5>. Retrieved on 14 September 2007. Unable to find the article on theAge.com.au. URL is to a LexisNexis search result which may only be available to subscribers. LexisNexis (sometimes simply called "Lexis" or "Nexis" among users is a popular searchable Archive of content from Newspapers Magazines
See also
- Politics of the People's Republic of China
- History of the People's Republic of China (1989-2002)
- Premier of the PRC
- Macro-control Influential policy introduced by Zhu Rongji in 1993
External links
| Preceded by Jiang Zemin |
Mayor of Shanghai 1987–1991 |
Succeeded by Huang Ju |
| Preceded by Jiang Zemin |
Secretary of the CPC Shanghai Committee 1989 – 1991 |
Succeeded by Wu Bangguo |
| Preceded by Li Guixian |
Governor of People's Bank of China 1993 – 1995 |
Succeeded by Dai Xianglong |
| Preceded by Yao Yilin |
Executive Vice-Premier of the State Council 1993 – 1998 |
Succeeded by Li Lanqing |
| Preceded by Li Peng |
Premier of the State Council 1998–2003 |
Succeeded by Wen Jiabao |
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