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| Administration Type | Prefecture-level city |
| Area (Land) | 1,440. A prefecture-level city ( or prefecture-level municipality is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China, ranking below a province and Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 12 km² |
| Area (Marine) | 20,800 km² |
| Population | 969,145 (December 2004) |
| GDP | |
| Major Nationalities | Han |
| County-level divisions | 4 |
| Township-level divisions | 45 |
| Mayor | Guo Jianbiao (郭剑彪) |
| Area code | 580 |
| License Plate Prefix | 浙L |
Zhoushan (simplified Chinese: 舟山; pinyin: Zhōushān), formerly transliterated as Chusan, is a prefecture-level city in northeastern Zhejiang province, People's Republic of China. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology The following is a list of ethnic groups in China where "China" is taken to mean areas controlled by either of the two states using "China" in their formal Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world. See also Administrative divisions of the Republic of China Due to China 's large Population and area the political divisions of China have consisted See also Administrative divisions of the Republic of China Due to China 's large Population and area the political divisions of China have consisted A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government The Chinese Telephone Code Plan is the way to group telephone numbers in the mainland of the People's Republic of China. The People's Republic of China issues vehicles Licence plates at its Vehicle Management Offices under the administration of the Ministry of Public Security Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use A prefecture-level city ( or prefecture-level municipality is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China, ranking below a province and Zhejiang ( is an eastern coastal province of the People's Republic of China. A province, in the context of China, is a translation of sheng ( which is an administrative division Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES The only prefecture-level city consisting solely of islands, it lies across the mouth of the Hangzhou Bay, and is separated from the mainland by a narrow body of water. An island (ˈaɪlənd or isle (/ˈaɪl/ is any piece of land that is completely surrounded by water in two dimensions above high tide and isolated from other significant Hangzhou Bay or the Bay of Hangzhou is an inlet of the East China Sea, bordered by the province of Zhejiang and the municipality of Shanghai.
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Administration
The prefecture-level city of Zhoushan administers 2 districts and 2 counties. A prefecture-level city ( or prefecture-level municipality is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China, ranking below a province and The term district, in the context of China, is used to refer to several unrelated political divisions in both ancient and modern China. In the context of Political divisions of China, county is the standard English translation of 县 ( xiàn)
- Dinghai District (定海区)
- Putuo District, Zhoushan (普陀区)
- Daishan County (岱山县)
- Shengsi County (嵊泗县)
These are further divided into 45 township-level divisions, including 24 towns, 12 townships and 9 subdistricts. Dinghai (定海区 is a Chinese district of Zhoushan City made of 128 islands Putuo District ( Chinese: 普陀区 is a Chinese district of Zhoushan in China with a population of 380000 See also Administrative divisions of the Republic of China Due to China 's large Population and area the political divisions of China have consisted When referring to Political Divisions of China, town is the standard English translation of the Chinese 鎮 (simplified 镇; pinyin zhèn Wade-Giles Township ( is the basic level of political divisions in China. Subdistrict is a low level Administrative division of a country
History
The archipelago was inhabited 6,000 years ago during the Neolithic by people of the Hemudu culture. The Neolithic (from Greek νεολιθικός — neolithikos from νέος neos, "new" + λίθος lithos The Hemudu culture (河姆渡文化 (5000 BC to 4500 BC was a Neolithic culture that flourished just south of the Hangzhou Bay in Jiangnan in modern During the Spring and Autumn Period, Zhoushan was called Yongdong (涌东), referring to its location east of the Yong River, and belonged to the State of Yue. The Spring and Autumn Period ( was a period in Chinese history which roughly corresponds to the first half of the Eastern Zhou dynasty (from the second half of the 8th century BC
The fishermen and sailors who inhabited the islands often engaged in piracy and became recruits for uprisings against the central authorities. At the time of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Zhoushan Islands served as the base for Sun En's rebellion. The Jìn Dynasty ( 265 – 420) one of the Six Dynasties, followed the Three Kingdoms period and preceded the Southern and Northern Dynasties Sun En, an adherent of the Taoist sect Wudou Midao (Five Bushels of Rice), launched his rebellion around the year 400 and was defeated by Jin forces in 402. Taoism (pronounced /ˈdaʊɪzəm/ or /ˈtaʊɪzəm/ also spelled '''Daoism''') refers to a variety of related Philosophical and Religious traditions [1]
In 863, the Japanese Buddhist monks Hui'e (慧锷) and Zhang-shi (张氏) of Putuoshan, Zhoushan placed a statue of Guanyin at Chaoying Cave (潮音洞) that would later become popular tourist destination. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. A Bhikkhu ( Pāli) or Bhiksu ( Sanskrit) is a fully ordained male Buddhist Monastic. Mount Putuo ( is an Island located to the south-east of Shanghai, in Zhoushan prefecture of Zhejiang province China. Guanyin (觀音 pinyin guānyīn, Wade-Giles kuan-yin) is the Bodhisattva of compassion as venerated by East Asian Buddhists
During the Ming dynasty, especially between the years 1530 and 1560, Japanese and Chinese pirates used Zhoushan as one of their principal bases from which they launched attacks as far as Nanjing; "the whole Chinese coast from northern Shandong to western Guangdong was ravaged to a distance of sixty miles inland. The Ming Dynasty ( or Empire of the Great Ming ( was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol -led ( Chinese: 南京 Romanizations Nánjīng ( Pinyin) Nan-ching ( Wade-Giles ( is a coastal province of eastern People's Republic of China. Guangdong ( EFEO: Kouangtong; Pinyin Guǎngdōng; Postal map spelling: Kwangtung) is a province on the "[2]
After suppression of the pirates, Zhoushan became an important commercial entrepôt. Under the early Qing dynasty, it played a similar role to Amoy and Canton as a frequent port of call for Western traders. Not to be confused with Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China Guangzhou ( Jyutping: Gwong²zau¹; Yale: Gwóngjàu) is the Capital and a Sub-provincial city [3] The restriction of all European trade to the port of Canton in 1760 forced Westerners to leave Zhoushan. One of the requests of Lord Macartney's embassy to emperor Qianlong in 1793 was an acquisition of "a small unfortified island near Zhoushan for the residence of English traders, storage of goods, and outfitting of ships. George Macartney should not be confused with Sir George McCartney, a later British statesman Emperor Qianlong (Chinese 乾隆 Qiánlóng, Wade-Giles' Ch'ien-Lung', Mongolian Tengeriig Tetgesen Khaan, born Hongli (弘历 September " Emperor Qianlong denied this request together with all the rest. [4]
British forces under Captain Charles Elliott seized Zhoushan in the summer of 1840 during the First Opium War and evacuated it in early 1841, after Elliott reached an agreement with Qishan, the governor general of Tianjin and grand secretary to emperor Daoguang, in exchange for cession of Hong Kong. Charles Elliott was a New Zealand politician He represented the Waimea electorate in the 2nd New Zealand Parliament, but resigned before the end of his term Year 1840 ( MDCCCXL) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The First Opium War or the First Anglo-Chinese War was fought between the British East India Company and the Qing Dynasty in China from 1839 Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders [5] At that time, Zhoushan was a well known port while Hong Kong was only a fishing village. The British Foreign Secretary Palmerston was famously livid when he learned that Elliott agreed to cession of Hong Kong ("a barren island with hardly a house on it") while giving up Zhoushan. "Lord Palmerston" and "Henry Temple" redirect here Elliott was dismissed in April 1841 for his blunder. [6] His replacement Sir Henry Pottinger led a British fleet that recaptured Zhoushan in late August 1841. Sir Henry Eldred Curwen Pottinger 1st Baronet GCB PC of Richmond, (Chinese Translated Name 砵甸乍 also 璞鼎查 in Qing document [7] The First Opium War ended with conclusion of the Treaty of Nanjing in which China opened up the cities of Canton, Fuzhou, Amoy, Ningbo, and Shanghai to residence by British subjects for the purpose of trade. The Treaty of Nanking (Treaty of Nanjing signed 29 August, 1842, was the unequal treaty which marked the end of the First Opium War between ( Foochow Romanized: Hók-ciŭ EFEO: Fou-Tcheou also seen as Foochow, Fuchow, Fuh-chau or Hokchew in earlier Western Ningbo ( literally "Tranquil Waves" is a Seaport with sub-provincial administrative status. Shanghai ( 上[[wikt 海|海]] is the largest city in China in terms of population and one of the largest urban areas in the world with over 20 million As a result, Britain had no longer any use for Zhoushan but it kept the island until 1846 as a guarantee for the fulfilment of the stipulations of the treaty. For the game see 1846 (board game. Year 1846 ( MDCCCXLVI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display
Zhoushan was also occupied by the British in 1860 (Second Opium War). Year 1860 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year starting The Second Opium War, the Second Anglo-Chinese War, the Arrow War, or the Anglo-French expedition to China, was a war of the United Kingdom
In February 13, 1862, Wang Yijun (王义钧) of the Heavenly Kingdom of Taiping attempted overtake Zhoushan from Qing forces, but died in the unsuccessful attempt. The Taiping Rebellion or Rebellion of Great Peace was a large-scale Revolt against the authority and forces of the Qing Government in China Not to be confused with Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China
Sun Yat-sen visited Zhoushan on August 25, 1916 and wrote Travelling to Putuo (游普陀志奇 You Putuo Zhiqi). Sun Yat-sen ( November 12, 1866 &ndash March 12, 1925) was a Chinese Revolutionary and political leader often
On October 1, 1942, the Japanese Lisbon Maru (里斯本丸) transported 1,800 POW back to Tokyo, but Lisbon Maru sank after being hit by a torpedo near Qingbing Island (青浜). officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. 384 of the British POW overboard were rescued by the fishermen of Dongji Township (东极乡) nearby.
Administrative history
Today's Zhoushan city was made Wengshan District (翁山县) of Ming Prefecture (明洲) in 738 (Tang). The Tang Dynasty ( Middle Chinese: dhɑng (June 18 618&ndashJune 4 907 was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by In 1073 (Song), it was renamed Changguo (昌国县). The Song Dynasty ( Wade-Giles: Sung Ch'ao was a ruling dynasty in China between 960&ndash1279 CE it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms It was upgraded to a prefecture (昌国州) in early Yuan Dynasty, and changed to Dinghai District (定海县) of Zhejiang Province in 1688 (Qing). The Yuan Dynasty ( Pinyin: Yuáncháo Dai Ön Ulus (Дай Юан Улс was a ruling Dynasty founded by the Mongol leader Kublai Not to be confused with Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China It was upgraded to a direct-control subprefecture (定海直隶厅) in 1841, but reverted to a county after the end of empire. Subprefecture is an Administrative division of a country that is below Prefecture or Province.
Under the Republic of China's rule, Dinghai County was, as during always in the Qing Dynasty, part of Zhejiang Province. REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES However, Shengsi was separated into an Archipelago Direct-control District (列岛直属区) of Jiangsu Province in 1946, and made a county in October 1949. ( Postal map spelling: Kiangsu) is a province of the People's Republic of China, located along the east coast of the country In that same year, the last year under rule of the Republic, the remaining Dinghai County was divided into Dinghai and Wengzhou (翁洲) Counties.
Zhoushan came to be under communist control on May 17, 1950, and Wengzhou was merged back into Dinghai County, which was then under Ningpo Zhuanqu (宁波专区). Shengsi was made a tequ (特区) of Songjiang Zhuanqu (松江专区), still of Jiangsu this year, and upgraded to a county the following year.
In March 1953, the Council of Ministers approved to divide Dinghai County into the counties of Dinghai, Putuo, and Daishan. In addition, Shengsi County was returned to Zhejiang, to be administered, with the three former Dinghai counties, as Zhoushan Zhuanqu of Zhejiang Xiangshan County (象山) of Ningpo Zhuanqu was briefly incorporated into Zhoushan from 1954 to 1958.
All subdivisions' county status abolished, the commission became a county of Ningpo Zhuanqu in 1958, and was reverted to a zhuanqu on its own in May 1962, and changed to a prefecture (地区) on 1967 (approved by the State Council on January 23, 1962).
Shengsi was temporarily assigned to Shanghai in the early 1960s. Shanghai ( 上[[wikt 海|海]] is the largest city in China in terms of population and one of the largest urban areas in the world with over 20 million Created in 1962, the short-lived Daqu (大衢) County was halved into parts of Daishan and Shengsi four years later.
The prefecture-level city status was granted on January 27, 1987 to Zhoushan, and Dinghai and Putuo Counties were upgraded to districts. A prefecture-level city ( or prefecture-level municipality is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China, ranking below a province and The municipal People's Government was established on March 8 of that year. April of the same year, the ports of Zhoushan became open to foreign ships. On April 10, 1988, it became a coastal economic open zone.
Geography
The Zhoushan Archipelago, comprised 1,390 islands and 3,306 reefs, is located outside Hangzhou Bay. An island (ˈaɪlənd or isle (/ˈaɪl/ is any piece of land that is completely surrounded by water in two dimensions above high tide and isolated from other significant In nautical terminology a reef is a rock, sandbar, or other feature lying beneath the surface of the water (six fathoms or less at low water Hangzhou Bay or the Bay of Hangzhou is an inlet of the East China Sea, bordered by the province of Zhejiang and the municipality of Shanghai. It is the largest archipelago of China (not including South China Sea Islands). An archipelago (ɑrkəˈpɛləgoʊ is a chain or cluster of Islands The word archipelago literally means "chief Sea " from Italian The South China Sea Islands (or Nanhai Islands, simplified: 南海诸岛 traditional: 南海諸島 Pinyin: Nánhǎi Zhūdǎo consist of over Among these islands, 103 are inhabited all year round, 58 are larger than 1 km²; (these make up 96. 9 % of the archipelago land area), and only 15 have populations over 10,000. The larger islands, mostly closer together in southern part of the archipelago, include:
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Zhoushan includes 20,800 km² of marine territory, but only 1440. Zhoushan Island ( Chinese: 舟山岛 is the principal island of the namesake archipelago Zhoushan Islands, governed by Zhoushan City, Zhejiang Jintang Island (金塘岛 is an island in the Zhoushan prefecture-level city in China 's northeastern Zhejiang province. Mount Putuo ( is an Island located to the south-east of Shanghai, in Zhoushan prefecture of Zhejiang province China. Haijiao （海礁 also known as Tong Island (童岛 Taibujiao (泰簿礁 or Taijiao (泰礁 is located at 30°44'6"N 123°9'24"E in the northeast corner of Zhoushanqundao The Sijiao Island ( is the largest island in the Shengsi Islands (嵊泗列岛 with an area of 21 12 km² of land, 183. 19 km² of which are submerged at high tides. It is 182 km east-east and 169 km north-south. It is heavily populated, but now has little farms.
Demographics
As of late 2001, there are 981,014 people in 351,224 households, with a birthrate of 6. 34‰ and death rate of 6. 37‰, and population growth rate of -0. 03‰ (first time in local history). Population density was 683 persons per km², which is one time higher than provincial average and six times national average. There are 100,000 overseas Zhoushan people.
Notable people
- Dong Haoyun (董浩云, 1912-1982), founder of several major companies
- Great Monk Guoru (高僧果如, 1854-1917), a National Monk under Cixi
- The Great Lord of Yang Estate (羊府大帝), a local fisherman (Yang-shi) who rescued many later deified in a small temple in Daishan
- Liu Hongsheng (刘鸿生, 1888-1956)businessman and politician
- San Mao (三毛，原名陈懋平，后陈平 1943-1991),famous Taiwanese writer
- Wang Xipeng (王锡朋, 1786-1841), high-ranking official died in a fight against the British
- Yang Jingjuan (杨静娟, 1924-1941), famous female communist
- Ying Yao (应繇, died 1255), a martial official who has a biography in Song Shi
Sister City
Zhoushan is the sister city of the San Francisco Bay Area port city of Richmond, California. Tung Chao Yung ( better known as 董浩雲, born 18th of the eighth lunar month in 1912 died April 15, 1982) also known as C Sanmao (三毛 ( March 26 1943 - January 4 1991) literally "three hairs" though it is not considered to have a meaning was the pseudonym Richmond (ˈɹɪtʃmənd is a city in western Contra Costa County, California, United States. Template:Country data usa
Notes
- ^ Gernet 2002, pp. 182-183.
- ^ Gernet 2002, p. 422.
- ^ Spence 1991, p. 120.
- ^ See "Ch'ien lung's Letter to George III," http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~jobrien/reference/ob41.html.
- ^ Spence 1991, p. 156.
- ^ Welsh 1997, p. 108.
- ^ Spence 1991, p. 157.
References
- Gernet, Jacques (2002). A History of Chinese Civilization, translated by J. R. Foster and Charles Hartmann, 2nd edition, New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-49781-7.
- Spence, Jonathan (1991). The Search for Modern China. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-30780-8.
- Welsh, Frank (1997). A History of Hong Kong, revised edition, London: HarperCollins Publishers. ISBN 0-00-638871-X.
External links
- Government website of Zhoushan(Chinese)
- Government website of Zhoushan(English)
- 舟山网 (Zhoushan Net)(Chinese): Local news and info
- "Undiscovered Zhoushan"(English): Maps and tourist information
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