| Zhores Alferov | |
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| Born | March 15, 1930 |
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| Fields | Physicist |
| Notable awards |  Nobel Prize in Physics (2000) |
Zhores Ivanovich Alferov (also Alfyorov) (Russian: Жоре́с Ива́нович Алфёров, IPA: [ʐɐˈrʲɛs ɪˈvanəvʲɪtɕ ɐlˈfʲorəf]; born March 15, 1930) is a Russian physicist and Academic who contributed significantly to the creation of modern heterostructure physics and electronics. Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus, Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A physicist is a Scientist who studies or practices Physics. Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena in many branches of physics spanning The Nobel Prize in Physics (Nobelpriset i fysik is awarded once a year by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus, Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending A physicist is a Scientist who studies or practices Physics. Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena in many branches of physics spanning The Russian Academy of Sciences (Российская Академия Наук Rossi'iskaya Akade'miya Nau'k, shortened to PAH RAN) consists of the National He invented the heterotransistor. He is also a Russian politician and has been a member of the Russian State Parliament, the Duma, since 1995. A politician (from Greek " Polis " is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of Politics or a person A Duma (Ду́ма is any of various representative assemblies in modern Russia and Russian history
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Birth and education
Alferov was born in Vitebsk, Belarus, in a Belarusian-Jewish[1] mixed family. Vitebsk, also known as Vitsyebsk ( Belarusian: Ві́цебск 'vʲitsʲepsk Russian: Ви́тебск Vitebsk Belarus ( Belarusian Беларусь / Biełaruś is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east Belarusians or Belorussians (Беларусы Biełarusy previously also spelled Belarussians, Byelorussians and Belorusians, also PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ In 1952 he graduated from V. Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. I. Ulyanov (Lenin) Electrotechnical Institute in Leningrad (abbreviated to LETI). Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River Since 1953 he has worked in the Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences (Russian Academy of Sciences since 1991). Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute is one of Russia 's largest research centers specialized in Physics and technology The Russian Academy of Sciences (Российская Академия Наук Rossi'iskaya Akade'miya Nau'k, shortened to PAH RAN) consists of the National The Russian Academy of Sciences (Российская Академия Наук Rossi'iskaya Akade'miya Nau'k, shortened to PAH RAN) consists of the National Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. From the Institute he earned several scientific degrees: a Candidate of Sciences in Technology in 1961 and a Doctor of Sciences in Physics and Mathematics in 1970. Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. He has been director of the Institute since 1987. Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) He was elected a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1972, and a full member in 1979. The Russian Academy of Sciences (Российская Академия Наук Rossi'iskaya Akade'miya Nau'k, shortened to PAH RAN) consists of the National Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) From 1989 he has been Vice-President of the USSR (Russian since 1991) Academy of Sciences and President of its Saint Petersburg Scientific Center. Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River Since 1995 he is a member of the State Duma on the list of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. The State Duma (Государственная дума (Gosudarstvennaya Duma common abbreviation Госдума (Gosduma in the Russian Federation is the The Communist Party of the Russian Federation (Коммунистическая партия Российской Федерации = КПРФ Transliteration of Russian into English|translit He received 2000 Nobel prize in physics together with Herbert Kroemer, "for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and optoelectronics". 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. The Nobel Prize (Nobelpriset (Nobelprisen is a Swedish prize established in the 1895 will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel; it was first awarded in Peace, Literature Herbert Kroemer (born August 25, 1928) a professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of California Santa Barbara, received his
Alferov invented the heterotransistor. This coped with much higher frequencies than its predecessors, and apparently revolutionised the mobile phone and satellite communications. Alverov and Kroemer independently applied this technology to firing laser lights. This in turn revolutionised semiconductor design in a host of areas, including LEDs, barcodes readers and CDs.
Hermann Grimmeiss, of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, which awards Nobel prizes, said: "Without Alferov, it would not be possible to transfer all the information from satellites down to the Earth or to have so many telephone lines between cities. "[2]
Research area
Since 1962 he has been working in the area of semiconductor heterostructures. Year 1962 ( MCMLXII) was a Common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A semiconductor' is a Solid material that has Electrical conductivity in between a conductor and an insulator; it can vary over that His contributions to physics and technology of semiconductor heterostructures, especially investigations of injection properties, development of lasers, solar cells, LED's, and epitaxy processes have led to the creation of modern heterostructure physics and electronics. A laser is a device that emits Light ( Electromagnetic radiation) through a process called Stimulated emission. A solar cell or photovoltaic cell is a device that converts Solar energy into Electricity by the photovoltaic effect. Epitaxy refers to the method of depositing a Monocrystalline film on a monocrystalline substrate
Political activity
Alferov was elected to the Russian State Parliament, the Duma in 1995 as a deputy for the political party Our Home is Russia, generally considered to be supportive of the policies of President Boris Yeltsin. A Duma (Ду́ма is any of various representative assemblies in modern Russia and Russian history Our Home – Russia (Наш дом – Россия Naš dom – Rossija) abbreviated as NDR, was a Russian Political party between 1995 Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin () (1 February 1931 23 April 2007 was the first President of the Russian Federation, serving from 1991 to 1999 In 1999 he was elected again, this time as a member of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. The Communist Party of the Russian Federation (Коммунистическая партия Российской Федерации = КПРФ Transliteration of Russian into English|translit He was re-elected in 2003 and again in 2007, when he was placed second on the party's federal electoral list behind Gennady Zyuganov and ahead of Nikolai Kharitonov. Gennady Andreyevich Zyuganov or Guennady Ziuganov ( Генна́дий Андре́евич Зюга́нов) (born 26 June 1944) is a Russian Nikolay Mikhailovich Kharitonov (Николай Михайлович Харитонов (born 30 October 1948) is a Russian politician from the Novosibirsk region
Awards
- Lenin Prize (1972)
- USSR State Prize (1984)
- Ioffe Prize (Russian Academy of Sciences, 1996)
- Demidov Prize (1999)
- Nobel Prize in Physics for 2000 (together with Herbert Kroemer and Jack Kilby). The Lenin Prize ( Russian: Ленинская премия was one of the highest awards in the Soviet Union. The USSR State Prize (Госуда́рственная пре́мия СССР was the Soviet Union 's state honour The Demidov Prize (Демидовская премия was a national scientific prize in the Russian Empire awarded annually to the members of the Russian Academy of Sciences The Nobel Prize in Physics (Nobelpriset i fysik is awarded once a year by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Herbert Kroemer (born August 25, 1928) a professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of California Santa Barbara, received his Jack St Clair Kilby ( November 8, 1923 - June 20, 2005) was a Nobel Prize laureate in Physics in 2000 for his invention
- Kyoto Prize in Advanced Technology (2001) and others
References
External links
- Biography, on the website of Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute
- Autobiography, on the website of Nobel Foundation web group in Stockholm
- Open letter to the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir V. Putin
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