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Warring States
Zhou Dynasty
Major States
Qin
Chu
Han
Zhao
Wei
Qi
Yan
Minor States
Song
Shu
Zou
Lu
Teng
Zhongshan
Yue
State of Zhao(small seal script, 220 BC)
State of Zhao
(small seal script, 220 BC)

Zhao (pinyin: zhào, traditional Chinese: 趙, simplified Chinese: 赵) was a Chinese state during the Warring States Period. The Warring States Period ( also known as the Era of Warring States covers the period from some time in the 5th century BC to the unification of China by the The Zhou Dynasty ( POJ: Chiu Tiau 1122 BC to 256 BC was preceded by the Shang Dynasty and followed by the Qin Dynasty in China. Qín or Ch'in ( Wade-Giles) (秦 ( 778 BC - 207 BC) was a State during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods Chǔ ( 楚) was a kingdom in what is now central and southern China during the Spring and Autumn period ( 722 - 481 BC) and Han (韓國 Hánguó) ( 403 BC - 230 BC) was a kingdom during the Warring States Period in China. The following details the state of Wei of the Warring States Period. Qi ( 齊; Pinyin: Qí was a powerful state during the Spring and Autumn Period and Period of the Warring States. Yan ( was a state during the Western Zhou, Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods in China. Sòng (宋國 was a state during the Eastern Zhou Spring and Autumn Period ( 770 - 476 BC) Shu ( 蜀) was an ancient state in what is now Sichuan, China. Zou (鄒 was a small Chinese state that existed during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period of Chinese Antiquity Lu ( was an ancient state in China during the Spring and Autumn Period. The State of Teng ( ca 1046 BC – 414 BC was a small Chinese state that existed during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period of Zhongshan (中山國 Pinyin: Zhōngshān Guó was a State in the Zhou Dynasty that roughly corresponds to the territory of the modern prefecture-level Seal script ( Chinese: Simplified 篆书 篆書 Pinyin: zhuànshū is an ancient style of Chinese calligraphy. Events By place Greece Together with fellow Illyrian Scerdilaidas, Demetrius of Pharos attacks Illyrian cities under Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National A state is a political association with effective Sovereignty over a geographic Area and representing a Population. The Warring States Period ( also known as the Era of Warring States covers the period from some time in the 5th century BC to the unification of China by the Zhao was a significant state in the period, along with six others. At the beginning of the Warring States Period, the state of Zhao was one of the weakest states but gained strength during the reign of King Wuling of Zhao. King Wuling of Zhao (Traditional Chinese趙武靈王 Simplified Chinese 赵武灵王 (? - 295 BCE, reigned 325 BCE - 299 BCE) reigned in the State By the end of the Warring States Period, Zhao was the only state strong enough to oppose the mighty Qin. Qín or Ch'in ( Wade-Giles) (秦 ( 778 BC - 207 BC) was a State during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods

Its territory included areas in modern Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces. Inner Mongolia ( Mongolian:, Öbür mongɣul; occasionally romanized to Nei Mongol is the Mongol ( Postal map spelling: Hopeh) is a northern province of the People's Republic of China. ( Postal map spelling: Shansi) is a province in the northern part of the People's Republic of China. ( Postal map spelling: Shensi) is a north-central province of the People's Republic of China, and includes portions of the Loess The state of Zhao bordered the Xiongnu (Huns), the states of Qin, Wei and Yan. The Xiongnu ( Turkish: Doğu Hun were a confederation of nomadic tribes from Central Asia with a ruling class of unknown origin and other subjugated tribes The Huns were an early confederation of Central Asian equestrian nomads or semi-nomads with a Turkic core of aristocracy Qín or Ch'in ( Wade-Giles) (秦 ( 778 BC - 207 BC) was a State during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods The following details the state of Wei of the Warring States Period. Yan ( was a state during the Western Zhou, Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods in China. Its capital was Handan (邯郸), suburb of modern-day Handan City in Hebei. Handan ( is a Prefecture-level city located in the southwestern part of Hebei Province of China. ( Postal map spelling: Hopeh) is a northern province of the People's Republic of China.

Contents

The Rise of Zhao

At the beginning of the Warring States Period, the state of Zhao was one of the weakest states. During the reign of King Wuling, the kingdom adopted a military reform. The soldiers of Zhao were ordered to dress like their Xiongnu neighbours and replace war chariots with cavalry archers. The Xiongnu ( Turkish: Doğu Hun were a confederation of nomadic tribes from Central Asia with a ruling class of unknown origin and other subjugated tribes This proved to be a brilliant reform, along with advanced technology of the Chinese states and nomad tactics, the Cavalry of Zhao became a significant force to reckon with in the warring states.

Zhao demonstrated its enhanced military prowess by conquering the ethnic State of Zhongshan in 295 BC after a prolonged war, and annexing territory from its neighbors Wei, Yan and Qin. Zhongshan (中山國 Pinyin: Zhōngshān Guó was a State in the Zhou Dynasty that roughly corresponds to the territory of the modern prefecture-level Events By place Roman Republic The Battle of Sentinum west of Anconum ends in defeat for a formidable coalition of Samnites, The cavalry of Zhao occasionally intruded into the state of Qi in campaigns against the state of Chu. Qi ( 齊; Pinyin: Qí was a powerful state during the Spring and Autumn Period and Period of the Warring States. Chǔ ( 楚) was a kingdom in what is now central and southern China during the Spring and Autumn period ( 722 - 481 BC) and

Several brilliant military commanders of the whole period appeared concurrently, including Lian Po, Zhao She (趙奢) and Li Mu. Lian Po ( (? - ? was a prominent military General of Zhao during the Warring States period of China. Zhao She (趙奢 was a Chinese Bureaucrat and General in the third century BC Li Mu (李牧 was arguably the last great general to have come from the Kingdom of Zhao during the Warring States period. Lian Po was instrumental in defending against the Qin. Zhao She (趙奢) was most active in the east; he led the invasion of Yan state. Yan ( was a state during the Western Zhou, Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods in China. Li Mu was responsible for defending against the Huns. The Huns were an early confederation of Central Asian equestrian nomads or semi-nomads with a Turkic core of aristocracy

The Fall of Zhao

By the end of the Warring States Period, Zhao was the only state strong enough to oppose the powerful Qin. Qín or Ch'in ( Wade-Giles) (秦 ( 778 BC - 207 BC) was a State during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods An alliance with Wei begun in 287 BC against Qin ended in defeat at Huayang in 273 BC. Events By place Roman Republic A new law Lex Hortensia, gives much greater power to the Plebeian Assembly compared to the Senate Events By place Egypt Impressed by Rome's defeat of Pyrrhus, Ptolemy II sends a friendly embassy The struggle then culminated in the bloodiest battle of the whole period, the Battle of Changping in 260 BC. The Battle of Changping (zh-Hant 長平之戰 in 260 BC was a decisive victory of the State of Qin of China over Zhao during the Warring States Events By place Roman Republic The Roman advance continues westward from Agrigentum with their forces relieving the besieged The troops of Zhao were completely defeated by Qin. Although the forces of Wei saved Handan from a follow-up siege by the victorious Qin, Zhao would never recover from the huge loss of men in the battle.

In 229 BC, invasions led by the Qin general Wang Jian were opposed by Li Mu (李牧) and his subordinate officer Sima Shang (司馬尚) until 228 BC. Events By place Greece The First Illyrian War starts when the Roman Senate dispatches an army under the command of the Consuls Wang Jian ( (year of birth and death unknown a military leader of Qin (state in the Warring States Period. Events By place Carthage The Carthaginian general Hamilcar Barca is killed in a battle in Hispania, ending his lengthy According to some accounts, King Youmiu of Zhao (幽繆王), ordered the execution of Li Mu and relieved Sima Shang from his duties, due to disloyal advice from court officials and Qin infiltrators. Capital punishment, the death penalty or execution, is the Killing of a person by judicial process as Punishment.

In 228 BC, Qin captured King Youmiu and conquered Zhao. Prince Jia, the step-brother of King Youmiu, was proclaimed king at Dai Commandry and led the last Zhao forces against the Qin. The regime lasted until 222 BC when the Qin army captured him and defeated his forces at Dai. Events By place Roman Republic Mediolanum (modern Milan) stronghold of the Gallic tribe of the Insubres

List of Zhao rulers

State of Zhao(bronzeware script, ca. 800 BC)
State of Zhao
(bronzeware script, ca. Chinese Bronze inscriptions are writing in a variety of Chinese scripts on Chinese bronze artifacts such as zhōng bells and dǐng tripodal cauldrons 800 BC)

See also

The kingdoms of Former Zhao and Later Zhao of the Sixteen Kingdoms
Events By place Persian empire Xerxes II rules as King of Persia for only about 45 days until he is killed Events By place Greece Alcibiades recaptures Byzantium, ending the city's rebellion from Athens. Events By place Greece Alcibiades recaptures Byzantium, ending the city's rebellion from Athens. Events By place Greece Antalcidas, commander of the Spartan navy actively assists Persia against Athens Events By place Greece Antalcidas, commander of the Spartan navy actively assists Persia against Athens Events By place Greece The Theban general Pelopidas, is made the leader of the "Sacred Band" a selected infantry Events By place Greece The Theban general Pelopidas, is made the leader of the "Sacred Band" a selected infantry Events By place Persian Empire Sidon, the centre of the revolt against Persia, seeks help from its sister city of Tyre Events By place Persian Empire Sidon, the centre of the revolt against Persia, seeks help from its sister city of Tyre Events By place Macedonian Empire In the spring Alexander the Great crosses the Indus near Attock and enters King Wuling of Zhao (Traditional Chinese趙武靈王 Simplified Chinese 赵武灵王 (? - 295 BCE, reigned 325 BCE - 299 BCE) reigned in the State Events By place Macedonian Empire In the spring Alexander the Great crosses the Indus near Attock and enters Events By place Roman Republic The Samnites, seizing their chance when Rome is engaged on the Lombard plain start the Third Samnite Events By place Roman Republic The Samnites, seizing their chance when Rome is engaged on the Lombard plain start the Third Samnite Events By place Asia Minor Ariobarzanes becomes the second king of Pontus, succeeding his father Mithridates I Ctistes Events By place Asia Minor Ariobarzanes becomes the second king of Pontus, succeeding his father Mithridates I Ctistes Events By place Egypt Babylon and Susa fall to the Egyptian armies of Ptolemy III. Events By place Egypt Babylon and Susa fall to the Egyptian armies of Ptolemy III. Events By place Anatolia Antiochus Hierax, supported by his mother Laodice I, allies himself with the Galatians ( Events By place Anatolia Antiochus Hierax, supported by his mother Laodice I, allies himself with the Galatians ( Events By place Carthage The Carthaginian general Hamilcar Barca is killed in a battle in Hispania, ending his lengthy Events By place Carthage The Carthaginian general Hamilcar Barca is killed in a battle in Hispania, ending his lengthy Events By place Roman Republic Mediolanum (modern Milan) stronghold of the Gallic tribe of the Insubres The Han Zhao ( 304 - 329) was a State of the Sixteen Kingdoms during the Chinese Jin Dynasty (265-420. The Later Zhao ( 319 - 351) was a State of the Sixteen Kingdoms during the Jin Dynasty (265-420 in China. The Sixteen Kingdoms ( or less commonly the Sixteen States, were a collection of numerous short-lived sovereign states in China proper and its neighboring areas
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