- This is a Chinese name; the family name is Zhang(張). Personal Names in Chinese culture follow a number of conventions different from those of personal names in Western cultures. Chinese family name is one of the hundreds or thousands of Family names that have been historically used by Han Chinese and Sinicized Chinese ethnic
| Zhang Liao | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Military general of Cao Wei | |
| Born | 169 |
| Died | 222 |
| Names | |
| Simplified Chinese | 张辽 |
| Traditional Chinese | 張遼 |
| Pinyin | Zhāng Liáo |
| Wade-Giles | Chang Liao |
| Courtesy name | Wenyuan (文遠) |
| Posthumous name | Marquis Gang (剛侯) |
Zhang Liao (169 – 222) was a military general under the powerful warlord Cao Cao during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of China. Not to be confused with Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China Romance of the Three Kingdoms ( written by Luo Guanzhong in the 14th century, is a Chinese Historical novel based upon events in Cao Wei ( was one of the empires that competed for control of China during the Three Kingdoms period Events By Place Roman Empire March 11 — Elagabalus is assassinated along with his mother Julia Soemias by legionnaires during Personal Names in Chinese culture follow a number of conventions different from those of personal names in Western cultures. Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Wade-Giles (ˌweɪdˈʤaɪlz) sometimes abbreviated Wade, is a Romanization system (phonetic notation and Transcription) for the Mandarin A Chinese style name, sometimes also known as a courtesy name ( zì) is a given name to be used later in life A posthumous name is an honorary name given to royalty nobles and sometimes others in some cultures after the person's death Events By Place Roman Empire March 11 — Elagabalus is assassinated along with his mother Julia Soemias by legionnaires during Cáo Cāo ( 曹[[wikt 操|操]] 155 &ndash March 15, 220) was a regional Warlord and the penultimate Chancellor of the The Han Dynasty ( 206 BC–220 AD followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. The Three Kingdoms period ( is a period in the History of China, part of an era of disunity called the Six Dynasties following immediately the loss of China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National He had participated in many campaigns, including those against Yuan Shao's heirs and the Wuhuan tribes. Yuan Shao (? - 202 was a powerful warlord during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of China. The Wuhuan ( were a nomadic people who inhabited northern China, in what is now the provinces of Hebei, Liaoning, Shanxi, the municipality But he was most noted for his pivotal role in the Battle of Hefei in 208, where he successfully defended the city of Hefei against the advances of Sun Quan's massive army. The Battle of Hefei (合肥之戰 was a significant event in the Three Kingdoms era of China For the area code see Area code 208. Events By Place Roman Empire Roman emperor Septimius Severus Hefei ( literally "Junction of the (South Fei Rivers " former names Ho-fei Luzhou Luchow is a Prefecture-level city and the provincial capital of Sun Quan ( (182 - 252 son of Sun Jian, courtesy name Zhòngmóu (仲謀 formally Emperor Da of (Eastern Wu was the founder of Eastern Wu
Chen Shou, author of the Records of Three Kingdoms, considered Zhang Liao among the five top generals of the Kingdom of Wei, along with Xu Huang, Yue Jin, Zhang He and Yu Jin. Chen Shou (233–297 born in Nanchong, Sichuan, was the author of the Records of Three Kingdoms, a historical account of the Three The Records of Three Kingdoms ( is the official and authoritative historical text on the period of Three Kingdoms covering from 189 to 280, The Five Wei Generals were those considered by Luo Guanzhong, author of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, to be the finest military generals in the service Xu Huang (169 &ndash 227 was a prominent military general under the powerful warlord Cao Cao and his successor Cao Pi during the late Eastern Han Dynasty Yue Jin (? &ndash 218 was a military general under the powerful warlord Cao Cao during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of Zhang He (167 &ndash 231 was a distinguished military general under the powerful warlord Cao Cao during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms Yu Jin (? &ndash 220 styled Wenze) was a military general under the powerful warlord Cao Cao during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three
Contents |
Life
Early life
A local of Mayi (马邑), present day Shuo County, Shanxi), Zhang Liao was originally surnamed Nie. ( Postal map spelling: Shansi) is a province in the northern part of the People's Republic of China. He served as a local administrative officer during his younger days. Towards the end of the Han Dynasty, Ding Yuan, governor of Bingzhou (并州), present day Shanxi), favored Zhang Liao's martial skills and recruited him. For the Chinese Qing Dynasty battleship see Dingyuan. Ding Yuan (? &ndash 189 was a regional governor and minor warlord during the late
In 189, Ding Yuan and his most trusted aide Lü Bu led troops into Luoyang to assist General-in-Chief He Jin to eliminate the powerful eunuch faction. Events By Place Asia The Prince of Hongnong succeeds Han Lingdi as Chinese emperor of the Han Dynasty. Lü Bu (died 198 was a military general and later minor Warlord during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of China. Luoyang ( is a Prefecture-level city in western Henan province, People's Republic of China. He Jin (135 &ndash 189 was the elder half-brother of Empress He, consort to Emperor Ling of the late Eastern Han Dynasty in China. However, He Jin was soon assassinated by the eunuchs and the capital fell into chaos. Dong Zhuo, a warlord from Liangzhou (凉州), in the ensuing tussel for power, intended to place in the throne a puppet emperor. Dong Zhuo (died May 22, 192) was a powerful warlord during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of China.
This move did not go down well with many in the capital, Ding Yuan included. After Lü Bu was persuaded to defect and kill Ding Yuan, Zhang Liao followed him to serve under Dong Zhuo, who had become the de facto ruler of the court. Soon, regional warlords formed a coalition against Dong Zhuo, who was therefore forced to move the capital west to Chang'an. The Campaign against Dong Zhuo (董卓討伐戰 in 190 was initiated by a coalition of regional officials hoping to end Chancellor Dong Zhuo 's influence Chang'an ( is an ancient Capital of more than ten dynasties in Chinese history. There Lü Bu again turned on his master and slayed Dong Zhuo. He was then defeated by Dong Zhuo's former subjects Li Jue and Guo Si and, followed by Zhang Liao, escaped to Xuzhou. Li Jue may refer to Li Jue (Three Kingdoms Li Jue (Kuomintang Guō Sì (146 &ndash 197 was formerly an officer under Niu Fu, who was a general serving under Dong Zhuo.
In 198, Cao Cao defeated Lü Bu at Xiapi (下邳). Events By Place Roman Empire Publius Septimius Geta, son of Septimus Severus, receives the title of Caesar. Pizhou City (邳州 Pinyin: Pīzhōu is a County-level city in northern Jiangsu province in China. Zhang Liao then surrendered to Cao Cao, under whom his military talents were more fully recognized. He participated in many campaigns, including the decisive Battle of Guandu and the subsequent northern expeditions against Yuan Tan, Yuan Shang, and the Wuhuan tribes. The Battle of Guandu (官渡之戰 was a Battle during the prelude to the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history that took place at the Yellow River Yuán Tán ( (173 &ndash 205 was the eldest son of the powerful warlord Yuan Shao, and served as a military commander under his father during the late Eastern Han Yuan Shang (177 &ndash 207 AD was the third son of Yuan Shao, an influential warlord and noble who rose to power during late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three The Wuhuan ( were a nomadic people who inhabited northern China, in what is now the provinces of Hebei, Liaoning, Shanxi, the municipality
Battle of Xiaoyao Jin
After Cao Cao lost the Battle of Red Cliffs in 208, he placed Zhang Liao, Yue Jin and Li Dian at Hefei with 7,000 men to guard against advances of the southern warlord Sun Quan. The Battle of Hefei (合肥之戰 was a significant event in the Three Kingdoms era of China The Battle of Red Cliffs, otherwise known as the Battle of Chibi, ( was a decisive battle at the End of Han Dynasty, immediately prior to the period of the Three For the area code see Area code 208. Events By Place Roman Empire Roman emperor Septimius Severus Li Dian was a renowned scholarly general under the powerful warlord Cao Cao during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of China Soon Sun Quan led a much larger force upon Hefei (approximately 200,000 men). Under instructions from Cao Cao, Zhang Liao and Li Dian picked 800 vanguard troops to deter the enemy at the Battle of Xiaoyao Jin (逍遙津).
As dawn broke, the force moved out with Zhang Liao in the forefront. The general galloped into the enemy ranks and single-handedly killed hundreds of men. Proclaiming his own name, Zhang Liao then went straight for Sun Quan, who sought refuge on top of a knoll. Seeing that Zhang Liao had much fewer men than himself, Sun Quan ordered his troops to surround the enemy.
Leading scores of men, Zhang Liao soon broke through the encirclement. Those who were still caught within then cried, "General, are you going to forsake us?" Spinning around, Zhang Liao rode into the circle again and rescued his men, by when it was already noontime. Sun Quan's demoralized soldiers then retreated for the time being.
Returning to the city, Zhang Liao supervised the reinforcement of the defense works. After two weeks of siege, Sun Quan could not take Hefei and had to turn back. Zhang Liao then led his troops on pursuit. On a number of occasions, they almost captured Sun Quan. Cao Cao was very pleased and promoted Zhang Liao to the East-Conquering General(征東將軍).
Late life
After Cao Pi succeeded Cao Cao in 220, Zhang Liao was further promoted to General of the Front (前將軍) and again deployed to Hefei to defend against Sun Quan. Cao Pi (曹丕 187 - June 29, 226) formally Emperor Wen of (Cao Wei (曹魏文帝 Courtesy name Zihuan (子桓 was Events By Place Roman Empire The Goths invade Asia Minor and the Balkans. In 221, Zhang Liao traveled to Luoyang for an audience with Cao Pi, the Emperor of newly-founded Wei, who compared the general to Shao Hu (召虎)¹. Events By Place Roman Empire June 26 — Emperor Elagabalus adopts Alexander Severus as his heir Luoyang ( is a Prefecture-level city in western Henan province, People's Republic of China. Cao Wei ( was one of the empires that competed for control of China during the Three Kingdoms period However, Zhang Liao soon fell sick at the edge of a battle against the Kingdom of Wu. Eastern Wu ( Chinese: 東吳 Pinyin: Dōng Wú also known as Sun Wu ( Traditional Chinese: 孫吳 pinyin Sūn Wú refers to a Sun Quan reminded his men, "Even though Zhang Liao is sick, he is still unrivaled. On guard!" After defeating Lü Fan, a Wu general, Zhang Liao died in the following year in Jiangdu (江都). Lü Fan, styled Ziheng (子衡 (d 228 was an officer serving Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms era of China. He was given the posthumous title of Marquis Gang (剛侯), literally meaning the resolute marquis.
Zhang Liao's son Zhang Hu (張虎) also served the Kingdom of Wei as an Assistant General (偏前軍). Zhang Hu is an officer of the Three Kingdoms Period that served under the Kingdom of Wei. Cao Wei ( was one of the empires that competed for control of China during the Three Kingdoms period
¹ Shao Hu was a famous general during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. The Zhou Dynasty ( POJ: Chiu Tiau 1122 BC to 256 BC was preceded by the Shang Dynasty and followed by the Qin Dynasty in China.
Zhang Liao in Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Romance of the Three Kingdoms, a historical novel by Luo Guanzhong, is a romanticization of the events that occurred before and during the Three Kingdoms era. Romance of the Three Kingdoms ( written by Luo Guanzhong in the 14th century, is a Chinese Historical novel based upon events in Luo Guanzhong ( c 1330?-1400? born Luo Ben (罗本 was a Chinese author attributed with writing Romance of the Three Kingdoms (三国演义 In the novel, Zhang Liao was depicted as a loyal and upright general. While this might be true, such portrayal was likely the result of artistic simplificaton.
In Chapter 18, where he still served under Lü Bu, Zhang Liao was sent with a force to attack Liu Bei at Xiaopei (小沛, present day Pei County, Jiangsu). In 1995, CCTV produced a television adaptation of the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Liu Bei (161– June 21 223) styled Xuándé (玄徳 was a general warlord and later the founding emperor of Shu Han during the Xiaopei (小沛 is an ancient Chinese town located in the present-day Pei County, Anhui. ( Postal map spelling: Kiangsu) is a province of the People's Republic of China, located along the east coast of the country From the city wall Guan Yu addressed the attacker, "You seem like an extraordinary man, why ally yourself with the rebels"? Whereupon Zhang Liao hung his head and made no reply. Guan Yu ( Chinese: 關羽 Guān Yǔ was a general under the warlord Liu Bei during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of Knowing that Zhang Liao was a righteous man, Guan Yu refrained from hurling insults at his enemy, nor did he go out to meet the attack.
In the next chapter, after Lü Bu was defeated and captured by Cao Cao, Zhang Liao was also bound and brought before the victor. While Lü Bu pled for mercy, Zhang Liao scorned at the cowardly behavior and cursed his captor, showing no fear for death. He stretched his neck out to make it easier for him to be beheaded, and the angry Cao Cao then came for Zhang Liao with a sword in hand.
Liu Bei quickly held on to Cao Cao's arm and Guan Yu dropped onto his knees. In unison they avouched for Zhang Liao's character and pled for his life. Dropping the sword, Cao Cao laughed, "I, too, know Wenyuan to be loyal and righteous. I was just testing him. " The warlord then personally unbound Zhang Liao and offered him fresh clothes and a seat. Moved by Cao Cao's sincerity, Zhang Liao then surrendered.
When Guan Yu was later sieged by Cao's Army, it was Zhang Liao who persuade him to surrender. Zhang Liao then became close friends with Guan Yu during Guan Yu's short service under Cao Cao, having fought alongside him against Yuan Shao. Guan Yu ( Chinese: 關羽 Guān Yǔ was a general under the warlord Liu Bei during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of In the novel, when Guan Yu was chased by Xiahou Dun after leaving Cao Cao's service, Zhang Liao insisted that Xiahou Dun allow him to leave in accordance with Cao Cao's orders. Xiahou Dun (? &ndash 220 was a military general under the powerful warlord Cao Cao during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of
In Chapter 86 Zhang Liao was hit by an arrow fired by Ding Feng during an encounter with Wu troops led by Xu Sheng. Ding Feng (190 - 271 styled Chengyuan (承淵 was a military general serving under the Kingdom of Wu during the Three Kingdoms era of China Xu Sheng (177-228 was a brave military general for the Kingdom of Wu during the Three Kingdoms era of China. He was rescued by Xu Huang (who ironically eventually also died under similar circumstances) and together, they escorted Cao Pi back to safety. Upon returning to Xuchang, Zhang Liao died from the injury and was rewarded for his bravery.
Modern references
Zhang Liao is a playable character in the Koei video game series, Dynasty Warriors. This article is about the software company For the Japanese era name see Kōei (era. is a series of tactical action Video games created by Koei. The award-winning series Games Original game He is portrayed as an honourable man with a firm sense of loyalty to his lord, Lu Bu. Not surprisingly, he has a strong relationship with Lu Bu, and later on with Guan Yu, whom he admires and shows courtesy to even after Guan's return to the opposing camp of Liu Bei. After Lu Bu's death, Zhang joins Cao Cao, and serves him unwaveringly from that point forth. In Dynasty Warriors 6 he wields two Chinese halberds simliar to Pang De in Dyanasty Warriors 5 (who was cut from Dynasty Warriors 6). is a Hack and slash video game set in Ancient China, called Three Kingdoms and the sixth official installment in the Dynasty Warriors series
He also appears in the crossover Warriors Orochi with his Dynasty Warriors 5 model. Warriors Orochi, known in Japan as, is a PlayStation 2 and Xbox 360 Hack and slash Video game developed by Koei
References
- Chen Shou (2002). San Guo Zhi. Yue Lu Shu She. ISBN 7-80665-198-5.
- Luo Guanzhong (1986). San Guo Yan Yi. Yue Lu Shu She. ISBN 7-80520-013-0.
- Lo Kuan-chung; tr. C. H. Brewitt-Taylor (2002). Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 0-8048-3467-9.
See also
- Three Kingdoms
- Personages of the Three Kingdoms
- Records of Three Kingdoms
- Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic