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Zebulon Pike Jr. (1779 – 1813)
Zebulon Pike Jr. (1779 – 1813)

Zebulon Montgomery Pike Jr. (January 5, 1779 – April 27, 1813) was an American soldier and explorer for whom Pikes Peak in Colorado is named. Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. Year 1779 ( MDCCLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated Year 1813 ( MDCCCXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Pikes Peak (originally Pike's Peak, see below) is a Mountain in the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains, west of Colorado Springs The State of Colorado ( or chiefly by nonresidents) is a state located in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States of America. His Pike expedition, often compared to the Lewis and Clark Expedition, mapped much of the southern portion of the Louisiana Purchase. United States Army Captain Zebulon Pike led the Pike expedition ( July 15, 1806 &ndash July 1, 1807) to explore the south For the film see Louisiana Purchase (film. The Louisiana Purchase (French Vente de la Louisiane "Louisiana Sale"

Contents

Early life

Pike was born in Lamberton, New Jersey. Lamberton was the name of a Port community in New Jersey in the United States of America. New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. His father, also named Zebulon Pike, was an officer in the Continental Army under General George Washington and served in the United States Army after the end of the Revolutionary War. The American Continental Army was an Army formed after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the colonies that became the United States of America George Washington (February 22 1732 December 14 1799 served as the first President of the United States of America (1789&ndash1797 and led the The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" The younger Pike grew to adulthood in a series of Midwestern outposts — the frontier of the United States at the time — in Ohio and Illinois. Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads The State of Illinois ( roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America, the 21st to be admitted to the Union. He joined his father's regiment as a cadet in 1794, earned a commission as ensign in 1799 and a first lieutenancy later that year.

Pike married in 1801 and continued an unremarkable military career in logistics and payroll at a series of frontier posts. Logistics is the management of the flow of Goods, Information and other resources including Energy and people between the point of origin and the point In a Company, payroll is the sum of all Financial records of Salaries, Wages bonuses and Deductions Paycheck A paycheck His career was taken up by General James Wilkinson, a political ally of Aaron Burr's, of mixed allegiance, who had been appointed Governor of the Upper Louisiana Territory. James Wilkinson ( 24 March, 1757 &ndash December 28, 1825) was a U This article discusses Aaron Burr (1756-1836 the US politician Louisiana Territory was a historic Organized territory of the United States from July 4, 1805 until December 11, 1812. In 1805, Wilkinson ordered Pike to find the source of the Mississippi River. The Mississippi River is the second longest River in the United States, with a length of from its source in Lake Itasca in Minnesota to Lewis and Clark's expedition had followed the Missouri River northwest from St. Louis, and American claims on the most northern part of the Louisiana Territory remained unasserted. .

Northwest expedition

On his way to the Mississippi's source, Pike encountered the Sauk leader Black Hawk along the banks of the Rock River. Black Hawk or Black Sparrow Hawk ( Sauk Makataimeshekiakiak ( Mahkatewi-meši-kehkehkwa) "be a large black hawk" (1767 &ndash According to Black Hawk's account, Pike received meat and provisions and presented an American flag to him and his people. He considered Pike "a good man" and "a great brave. "[1] Zebulon also bought 100,000 acres (400 km²) of the Sioux Indian's land for $200 and hunting rights.

Attempts to close British forts at the lakes, though vigorous, were unsuccessful. The Laurentian Great Lakes are a chain of freshwater lakes located in eastern North America, on the Canada–United States border. Pike returned with his men to St. Louis on April 30, 1806, with little to show for their efforts.

Southwest expedition

Nearly immediately upon his return, Pike was ordered out once again to lead an exploratory expedition to find the headwaters of the Arkansas River and Red River. Near St. Louis on July 15, 1806, Pike led what is now known as "the Pike expedition" from Fort Bellefontaine to explore the southwest. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final Year 1806 ( MDCCCVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

Pike never successfully reached the summit of the famous peak that bears his name; he attempted it in November of 1806, made it as far as Mt. Rosa to the southeast of Pikes Peak, and gave up the ascent in waist-deep snow after having gone almost two days without food. Pikes Peak (originally Pike's Peak, see below) is a Mountain in the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains, west of Colorado Springs

This journey, for which he is most renowned, ended with his capture on February 26, 1807 by Spanish authorities in northern New Mexico, now part of Colorado. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. New Mexico ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States of America. The State of Colorado ( or chiefly by nonresidents) is a state located in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States of America. He and his men were taken to Santa Fe, then to Chihuahua where he appeared before the Commandant General Salcedo. Santa Fe ( Navajo: Yootó is the Capital of the state of New Mexico. General Salcedo housed Pike with Juan Pedro Walker, a cartographer, who also acted as an interpreter and as a transcriber/translator for Pike's confiscated documents. It was while with Walker that Pike had access to various maps of the southwest and learned about Mexican discontent with Spanish rule. Pike and his men were released, under protest, to the United States at the Louisiana border on the 1st of July 1807. Sometime between then and September 5th of the same year, he led a 5 man expedition further South than any Western man had ever been before, and in that time discovered provinces of Brazil such as Simonésia, which were dutifully mapped and recorded like all of his explorations, in his private journals. Simonésia is a Brazilian municipality located in the state of Minas Gerais.

Subsequent military duty

Pike was promoted to captain without his knowledge while on the southwestern expedition. In 1811, he was listed as Lt. Col. Zebulon M. Pike with the 4th Infantry Regiment at the Battle of Tippecanoe. The Battle of Tippecanoe was fought in 1811 between United States forces led by Governor William Henry Harrison of the Indiana Territory and forces He was promoted to colonel in 1812. He continued his role as a military functionary, serving as deputy quartermaster-general in New Orleans and inspector-general during the War of 1812. Quartermaster refers to two different military occupations In land armies it is a term referring to a military individual or unit who specializes in supplying and provisioning troops New Orleans (nʲuːˈɔrliənz nʲuːˈɔrlənz French: La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana In a civilian or military administration an Inspector General is a high ranking official charged with the mission to inspect and report on some bodies in their field of competency The War of 1812 was fought between the United States of America and the British Empire, particularly Great Britain and her North American colonies

Pike was promoted to brigadier general in 1813. Along with General Jacob Brown, Pike departed from a rural military outpost, Sackets Harbor, on the New York shore of Lake Ontario, for his last military campaign. Jacob Jennings Brown ( May 9, 1775 – February 24, 1828) was an American army officer in the War of 1812. Sackets Harbor is a Village in Jefferson County, New York, United States. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Lake Ontario is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. On this expedition, Pike commanded combat troops in the successful attack on York, Ontario (now Toronto) on April 27, 1813. Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated Year 1813 ( MDCCCXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Upon completion of this mission, Pike was killed by a flying [rock and other debris] when a retreating British garrison exploded its ammunition store. His body was carried by ship back to Sackets Harbor, where his remains were buried.

Journals

Although his actual journals were confiscated by the Spanish authorities, and not recovered from Mexico until the 1900s, Pike's account of his southwest expedition was published in 1810 as The expeditions of Zebulon Montgomery Pike to headwaters of the Mississippi River, through Louisiana Territory, and in New Spain, during the years 1805-6-7[2] and later published in French, German, and Dutch. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname His account became required reading for all American explorers that followed him in the 19th century. Pike's account had a dramatic effect on the exploration of the southwest. He described the politics in Chihuahua that led to the Mexican independence movement, as well as the trade conditions in New Mexico and Chihuahua, which descriptions helped promote the development of the Santa Fe Trail. The Santa Fe Trail was a Historic 19th century transportation route through southwestern North America connecting Missouri with Santa Fe

Named for Zebulon Pike

Ancestry and family

Zebulon's descent from his immigrant ancestor John Pike is as follows:

Zebulon married Clarissa Harlow Brown in 1801. John Pike (1613-1688/1689 was a founder of Woodbridge, New Jersey and a Judge and Politician of the early colony of New Jersey Their daughter Clarissa Brown Pike married John Cleves Symmes Harrison, a son of President William Henry Harrison. This article is about the general and president For his great-great-grandson see William H Zebulon died with no son to carry on his name, so there are no Pikes who are direct descendants.

Notes

  1. ^ Black Hawk (2007), The Autobiography of Black Hawk, Cosimo, Inc. , pp. 21-22, ISBN 1602067619, <http://books.google.com/books?id=QmdQf6zFYyIC> .
  2. ^ Zebulon Montgomery Pike (1965), Elliott Coues, ed. , The expeditions of Zebulon Montgomery Pike to headwaters of the Mississippi River, through Louisiana Territory, and in New Spain, during the years 1805-6-7, Ross & Haines, 1895, <http://books.google.com/books?id=XrMlAAAAMAAJ> 

References

External links

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