| Zazaki Zazaki, Dimili, Kirmanjki, Dimli, Dimilki, So-Bê, Zonê Ma |
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|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Turkey, Germany, Georgia, Kazakhstan | |
| Region: | Eastern Turkey (Bingöl, Elazığ, Tunceli, Diyarbakır, Erzincan, Erzurum, Muş, Sivas, Gümüşhane, Şanlıurfa, and Adıyaman), diasporic in Mutki, Sarız, Aksaray, and Taraz | |
| Total speakers: | About 1. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Georgia ( საქართველო, Sakartvelo) is a Transcontinental country in the Caucasus region situated at the dividing line between Kazakhstan, also Kazakstan ( Қазақстан, Qazaqstan, qɑzɑqˈstɑn Казахстан, Kazakhstán,) officially the Bingöl Province is a province of Turkey in Eastern Anatolia. Elazığ Province is a Province of Turkey with its seat in the City of Elazığ. Tunceli ( Zazaki: Dêrsım, is a province in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Diyarbakır is a province in eastern Turkey. The province covers an area of 15355 km² and the population is 1494321 Erzincan Province is a Province on the Eastern region of Anatolia, Turkey and home to Erzincan, a city which was destroyed and rebuilt after an earthquake The Province of Erzurum ( Arzen in antiquity Karin in ancient Armenian, Theodosiupolis or Theodosiopolis during Muş is a province in eastern Turkey. It is 8196 km² in area and has a population of 488997 (2006 est The province of Sivas is located at the eastern part of the Central Anatolian region of Turkey; it is the second largest province in Turkey Gümüşhane Province is a province in northern Turkey, bordering Bayburt to the east Trabzon to the north Giresun and Erzincan Şanlıurfa ( Syriac: Urhoy,: urfa,: ar-Rûha is a province in Southeast Anatolia, Turkey. Adıyaman is a province in south-central Turkey. The province was created in 1954 out of part of Malatya Province. Mutki is a town (formerly called Tadvan and district of Bitlis Province, Turkey. Sarız is a town and district of Kayseri Province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. Aksaray is a province in central Turkey. Its adjacent provinces are Konya along the west and south Niğde to the southeast Nevşehir Taraz ( Тараз) formerly Talas, Zhambyl (Kazakh Жамбы́л and Aulie-Ata (Kazakh Әулие́-Ата Chagatai: اولياه 5 - 2. 5 million [1] [2] in Turkey, unknown numbers elsewhere | |
| Language family: | Indo-European Indo-Iranian Iranian Western Northwestern Zaza-Gorani Zazaki |
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| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | zza | |
| ISO 639-3: | variously: zza – Zazaki (generic) diq – Dimli (Southern Zazaki) kiu – Kirmanjki (Northern Zazaki) |
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The regions where Zazaki is spoken in Turkey. List of language familiesA language family is a group of Languages related by descent from a common ancestor called the Proto-language of that family The Indo-Iranian language group constitutes the easternmost extant branch of the Indo-European family of languages The Iranian languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family and its subfamily Indo-Iranian. Zaza-Gorani is a subgroup of the Northwestern Iranian languages. ISO 639-1 is the first part of the ISO 639 international-standard language-code family ISO 639-2 is the second part of the ISO 639 standard, which lists codes for the representation of the names of languages ISO 639 -3 (ISO 639-32007 is an international standard for Language codes The standard describes three‐letter codes for identifying languages (With three main dialect areas)
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| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. In Computing, Unicode is an Industry standard allowing Computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in most of the world's | ||
Zazaki (or Dimli) is a language spoken by Zazas in eastern Anatolia (Turkey). The Zazas or Dimilis are an Iranic (Aryan ethnic group and an ethnic minority in Turkey. Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches According to Ethnologue, the Zazaki language is a part of the northwestern group of the Iranian section of the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European family. Ethnologue Languages of the World is a web and print publication of SIL International (formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics a Christian The Iranian languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family and its subfamily Indo-Iranian. [1]. Zazaki shares many features, structures, and vocabulary with Talysh, Semnani, and Caspian languages, spoken in northern Iran, along the southern Caspian coast. The traditional heartlands of the Talysh language are the northern regions of the Iranian provinces of Gilan and Ardabil and the southern regions of Semnani is one of north western Iranian languages in the family of "North Western Iranian" Caspian languages are a branch of northwestern Iranian languages spoken in northern Iran, south of the Caspian Sea. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth by area variously classed as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged Sea. According to Ethnologue (which cites [Paul 1998][2]), the number of Zazaki speakers is between 1. Ethnologue Languages of the World is a web and print publication of SIL International (formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics a Christian 5 and 2. 5 million (including all dialects).
Contents |
Zazaki dialects and regional variants
There are three main Zazaki dialects:
- Northern Zazaki [3]: It is spoken in Tunceli, Erzincan, Erzurum, Sivas, Gumushane, Mus (Varto), Kayseri (Sariz) provinces. Tunceli ( Zazaish: Mamekiye, Kurdish: Dersim) is the provincial capital of Tunceli Province in Turkey. Erzincan ( Zazaish: Erzıngan) is the capital of Erzincan Province in the eastern Anatolian region of Turkey. Theodosiopolis redirects here it is also a name of the ancient city of Apros, Thrace Sivas (the late-Classical and Medieval Sebastia, sometimes spelt Sebastea or Sebasteia, Greek: Σεβάστεια, Armenian
Its sub-dialects are:
-
- West-Dersim
- East-Dersim
- Varto
- Border dialects like Sarız, Koçgiri (Giniyan-idiom)
- Central Zazaki: It is spoken in Elazığ, Bingöl, Solhan, Girvas and Diyarbakır provinces. Elazığ (formerly named "Mamuret ül-Aziz" or in strict Arabic transliteration as "Ma'mûrat al-'Aziz" officially in honor Bingöl ( Zazaish: Çolig) ( Turkish for a thousand lakes) is a city in Eastern Turkey.
Its sub-dialects are:
-
- Bingol
- Palu
- Border dialects like Hani, Kulp, Lice, Ergani, Piran
- Southern Zazaki [4]: It is spoken Şanlıurfa (Siverek), Diyarbakır (Cermik, Egil), Adiyaman, Malatya provinces. Şanlıurfa (often simply known as Urfa in daily language formerly cited as Edessa or in Kurdish; Riha or Urhāy Diyarbakır (دیاربکر Diyâr-i Bekr 'land of the Bekr ' (from Persian) Kurdish Amed Zazaki language Dêrbekir Syriac Adıyaman ( Zazaish: Semsur) (the ancient Perre or Pordonnium) is a city in southeastern Turkey, capital of the Adıyaman Malatya ( Hittite: Melid; Greek: Μαλάτεια Malateia; Armenian: Մալաթիա Malatia; Kurdish:
Its sub-dialects are:
-
- Siverek
- Cermik, Gerger
- Border dialects like Mutki and Aksaray
Zazaki literature and broadcast programs
The first written statements in the Zazaki language were compiled by the linguist Peter Lerch in 1850. Linguistics is the scientific study of Language, encompassing a number of sub-fields Two other important documents are the religious writings (Mewlıd) of Ehmedê Xasi of 1899, and of Usman Efendiyo Babıc (published in Damascus in 1933); both of these works were written in the Arabic alphabet. Damascus ( دمشق,, also commonly known as الشام ash-Shām) is the capital and largest city of Syria. The Arabic alphabet is the script used for writing several languages of Asia and Africa such as Arabic, Persian, and Urdu.
The use of the Latin alphabet to write Zazaki became popular only in the diaspora in Sweden, France and Germany at the beginning of the 1980s. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. This was followed by the publication of magazines and books in Turkey, particularly in Istanbul. Magazines, periodicals or serials are Publications generally published on a regular schedule containing a variety of articles, generally A Book is a set or collection of written printed illustrated or blank sheets made of Paper, Parchment, or other material usually fastened together Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey The efforts of Zaza intellectuals to advance the comprehensibility of their native language by alphabetizing were not fruitless: the number of publications in Zaza has multiplied. The rediscovery of the native culture by Zaza intellectuals not only caused a renaissance of Zaza language and culture, it also triggered feelings among younger generations of Zazas (who, however, rarely speak Zaza as a mother tongue) in favor of this modern Western use of the Zaza language, rekindling their interest in their ancestral language. The term Western world, the West or the Occident ( Latin: occidens -sunset -west as distinct from the Orient) can have multiple meanings A language is a dynamic set of visual auditory or tactile Symbols of Communication and the elements used to manipulate them The diaspora, has also generated a limited amount of Zaza-language broadcasting. Moreover, after restrictions were removed on local languages in Turkey during their move toward accession to the European Union, the state-owned TRT television lanched a Zazaki TV program and a radio program on Fridays. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in The Turkish Radio and Television Corporation also known as TRT, ( Türkiye Radyo ve Televizyon Kurumu) was founded in 1964, it is the national Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic
Controversy over classification
Zazaki is an Iranic language in the Indo-European family. The Iranian languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family and its subfamily Indo-Iranian. From the point of view of the spoken language, its closest relatives are Mazandarani, Hewrami, Gilaki and other Caspian languages. A spoken language is a human Natural language in which the Words are uttered through the Mouth. Gilaki can refer to Gilaki language Gilaki people However, the classification of Zazaki has been an issue of political discussion. Kurdish nationalist advocate that Zazaki is a Kurdish (another Iranic Language) dialect while Turkish nationalist advocate that Zazaki is Turkish (an Altaic language) dialect.
Ethnologue favors the following hierarchy: [5]
- Northwestern Iranian languages
- Zaza-Gorani language group
- Dimli/Zazaki
- other sublanguages/dialects of Zazaki-Gorani group
- Caspian Languages group
- Mazandarani
- Gilaki
- others
- Kurdish language group
- other sublanguages/dialects of Kurdish
- Zaza-Gorani language group
The US State Department "Background Note" lists the Zazaki language as one of the major languages of Turkey, along with Turkish (official), Kurdish, Armenian, Greek, and Arabic. Ethnologue Languages of the World is a web and print publication of SIL International (formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics a Christian The Iranian languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family and its subfamily Indo-Iranian. Zaza-Gorani is a subgroup of the Northwestern Iranian languages. Gilaki can refer to Gilaki language Gilaki people The Kurdish language (Kurdish Kurdî or کوردی is a term used for the language spoken by Kurds. Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. The Kurdish language (Kurdish Kurdî or کوردی is a term used for the language spoken by Kurds. The Armenian language (hy հայերեն լեզու hajɛɹɛn lɛzu —, conventional short form) is an Indo-European language spoken by the Armenian Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language [6] Despite the Ethnologue's classification, Kurdish Academy, which describes itself an "electronic non-governmental organization (e-NGO), lists Zazaki as a dialect of the Kurdish language. The Kurdish language (Kurdish Kurdî or کوردی is a term used for the language spoken by Kurds. [7] The Encyclopedia Britannica notes Zazaki to be a dialect of Kurdish. The Encyclopædia Britannica is a general English-language encyclopaedia published by Encyclopædia Britannica Inc [8] However, this classification is not supported by linguistics and regarded as political rather than scientific. [9]
Linguists connect the word Dimli with the Daylamites in the Alborz Mountains near the shores of Caspian Sea in Iran and believe that the Zaza have immigrated from Deylaman towards the west. For the Iranian Frigate Alborz see Iranian frigate Alborz. For Alborz High School (in Persianدبیرستان البرز see Alborz High The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth by area variously classed as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged Sea. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. Zazaki shows many connections to the Iranian dialects of the Caspian region, especially the Gilaki language. The Iranian languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family and its subfamily Indo-Iranian. The Giləki language is an ancient and living Caspian language and a member of the northwestern Iranian language branch spoken in Iran 's Mazanderan
The Zazaki language shows similarities with (Hewrami or Gorani), Shabaki and Bajelani. Shabaki is a language spoken by Shabak people in Mosul Iraq It is a part of the northwestern group of the Iranian section of the Indo-Iranian branch Gorani, Bajelani, and Shabaki languages are spoken around Iran-Iraq border; however, it is believed that they are also immigrated from Northern Iran to their present homelands. These languages are sometimes put together in the Zaza-Gorani language group. Zaza-Gorani is a subgroup of the Northwestern Iranian languages.
Phonological Correspondences of Zazaki and other Iranian Languages
"v" initial
Proto-Iranian initial "v" changes to a "b" or a "g" in Persian and Kurdish by the 10th century. Proto-Iranian, is the reconstructed Proto-language of the Iranian languages branch of Indo-European language family Zazaki, like many Northwestern Iranian languages, keeps the original "v" initial. The Northwestern Iranian languages are a branch of the Western Iranian language group, spoken by about 40-50 million people in Southwest Asia; They are classified The origin of Proto-Iranian initial "v" is Proto-Indo-European "*w" sound.
| Zazaki | Farsi | Kurdi | English | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| v | b, g | b, g | - | |
| va | bad | ba | wind | |
| varan | baran | baran | rain | |
| vac | avaz* | bêj | sing, say | |
| vaz- | guriz- | bez- | run | |
| velg | berg | belg | leaf | |
| veng | bang | bang, deng | voice | |
| wesar | behar | behar | spring | |
| ver | ber | ber | front | |
| verek | berre | berx | sheep | |
| vewr | berf | berf | snow | |
| vên, vin | bin- | bin- | see | |
| vir | bir | bir | memory | |
| vist | bist | bist | twenty | |
| viya | bive | bi | widow | |
| viyal | bid | bi | willow | |
| vam | badam | behıv | almond | |
| vic- | biz- | bêz- | select, choose | |
| veyşan | gorosne | bırsi | hungry | |
| veşn | goşn | beran | ram | |
| vaş | giyah | giya | grass | |
| vıl | gol | gul | rose | |
| velık | gorda | gurçık | calf | |
| verg | gorg | gurg | wolf | |
| vurayen | gerdiden | guherin | change |
avaz*: The word "avaz" in Persian is a borrowing from a Northwestern Iranian language, probably the Parthian language. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States V is the twenty-second letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled vee or occasionally ve (viː B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. V is the twenty-second letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled vee or occasionally ve (viː B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. V is the twenty-second letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled vee or occasionally ve (viː B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. V is the twenty-second letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled vee or occasionally ve (viː G is the seventh letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled gee or occasionally ge (dʒiː B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. V is the twenty-second letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled vee or occasionally ve (viː B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. V is the twenty-second letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled vee or occasionally ve (viː B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. W is the twenty-third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled double-u (ˈdʌbljuː B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. V is the twenty-second letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled vee or occasionally ve (viː B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. V is the twenty-second letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled vee or occasionally ve (viː B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. V is the twenty-second letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled vee or occasionally ve (viː B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. V is the twenty-second letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled vee or occasionally ve (viː V is the twenty-second letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled vee or occasionally ve (viː B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. V is the twenty-second letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled vee or occasionally ve (viː B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. V is the twenty-second letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled vee or occasionally ve (viː B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. V is the twenty-second letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled vee or occasionally ve (viː B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. V is the twenty-second letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled vee or occasionally ve (viː B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. V is the twenty-second letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled vee or occasionally ve (viː B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. V is the twenty-second letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled vee or occasionally ve (viː B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. V is the twenty-second letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled vee or occasionally ve (viː G is the seventh letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled gee or occasionally ge (dʒiː B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. V is the twenty-second letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled vee or occasionally ve (viː G is the seventh letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled gee or occasionally ge (dʒiː B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. V is the twenty-second letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled vee or occasionally ve (viː G is the seventh letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled gee or occasionally ge (dʒiː G is the seventh letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled gee or occasionally ge (dʒiː V is the twenty-second letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled vee or occasionally ve (viː G is the seventh letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled gee or occasionally ge (dʒiː G is the seventh letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled gee or occasionally ge (dʒiː V is the twenty-second letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled vee or occasionally ve (viː G is the seventh letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled gee or occasionally ge (dʒiː G is the seventh letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled gee or occasionally ge (dʒiː V is the twenty-second letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled vee or occasionally ve (viː G is the seventh letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled gee or occasionally ge (dʒiː G is the seventh letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled gee or occasionally ge (dʒiː V is the twenty-second letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled vee or occasionally ve (viː G is the seventh letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled gee or occasionally ge (dʒiː G is the seventh letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled gee or occasionally ge (dʒiː The Parthian language, also known as Arsacid Pahlavi, is a now-extinct ancient Northwestern Iranian language spoken in Parthia, a region of northeastern Otherwise, it should have started with "b" like in Kurdish.
"z" sound
Proto-Iranian sounds "z" and "s" turns to a "d" and a "h" in Kurdish and Persian. Proto-Iranian, is the reconstructed Proto-language of the Iranian languages branch of Indo-European language family However, the Zazaki language keeps the "z" and "s" sounds. The origin of Proto-Iranian "z" and "s" sounds are Proto-Indo-European "*k" and "*g" sound.
| Indo-European | Avesta | Zazaki | Kurdi | Farsi | English | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *k/*g | z/s | z/s | z/s | d/h | - | |
| *kerd- | zerdeye- | zerri | dıl* | dêl | hearth | |
| *ghol- | zaranya- | zerd | zêr | zer* | gold | |
| *gno- | zan- | zan- | zan- | dan- | know | |
| *groma | zamat- | zama | zava | damad | groom | |
| *egom | ezēm | ez | ez* | edēm* | I | |
| *bhrgh- | berez- | berz | bılınd* | boland | tall | |
| *dekm | dese | des | deh* | deh | ten |
zer*: The Old Persian word for "gold" was "daraniya-". The Avesta is the primary collection of sacred texts of Zoroastrianism, composed in the Avestan language. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States K is the eleventh letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled kay (keɪ Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the modern Latin alphabet. D is the fourth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled dee or occasionally de (diː G is the seventh letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled gee or occasionally ge (dʒiː Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the modern Latin alphabet. G is the seventh letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled gee or occasionally ge (dʒiː Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the modern Latin alphabet. D is the fourth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled dee or occasionally de (diː G is the seventh letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled gee or occasionally ge (dʒiː Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the modern Latin alphabet. D is the fourth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled dee or occasionally de (diː G is the seventh letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled gee or occasionally ge (dʒiː Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the modern Latin alphabet. D is the fourth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled dee or occasionally de (diː G is the seventh letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled gee or occasionally ge (dʒiː Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the modern Latin alphabet. D is the fourth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled dee or occasionally de (diː K is the eleventh letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled kay (keɪ S is the nineteenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ess or occasionally es (ɛs generally es- S is the nineteenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ess or occasionally es (ɛs generally es- It changes back to a "z" sound. Maybe it is a borrowing.
edēm*: The Modern Persian word for "I" is "men", which replaces "edēm*"
ez*: In southern Kurdish dialect of Sorani the word for "I" is "men", like in Persian. It replaced the word "ez".
dıl*, bılınd*, deh*: These Kurdish words shows a Southwestern Iranian development.
"c" sound
Proto-Iranian "c" and "ĉ" sounds is "c" in Zazaki. Proto-Iranian, is the reconstructed Proto-language of the Iranian languages branch of Indo-European language family In Kurdish it changes to "j", and in Persian it changes "z". The origin of Proto-Iranian "c" and "ĉ" sounds are Proto-Indo-European "*gw" and "*k" sounds.
| Zazaki | Farsi | Kurdi | English | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ĵ | ž | z | - | |
| ceni | zen | jın | woman | |
| cın- | zen- | jen- | playing music | |
| cıwiyayış | zisten | jıyan | live | |
| cınde | zende | zındi* | alive | |
| cor | zeber | jor | up | |
| cêr | zir | jêr | down | |
| cı | az | jı | ||
| roc | ruz | roj | day | |
| vac | avaz | bêj | say, sing | |
| ercan | arzan | erzan* | cheap | |
| vic- | biz- | bêz-* | select, choose | |
| pewc- | pez- | pēj- | cook |
erzan*, bêz-*, zındi*: Kurdish "erzan", "bez", and "zindi" are borrowings from Persian. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the modern Latin alphabet. J is the tenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet; it was the last of the 26 letters to be added C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the modern Latin alphabet. J is the tenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet; it was the last of the 26 letters to be added C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the modern Latin alphabet. J is the tenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet; it was the last of the 26 letters to be added C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the modern Latin alphabet. C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the modern Latin alphabet. J is the tenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet; it was the last of the 26 letters to be added C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the modern Latin alphabet. J is the tenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet; it was the last of the 26 letters to be added C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the modern Latin alphabet. J is the tenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet; it was the last of the 26 letters to be added C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the modern Latin alphabet. J is the tenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet; it was the last of the 26 letters to be added C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the modern Latin alphabet. J is the tenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet; it was the last of the 26 letters to be added C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the modern Latin alphabet. C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the modern Latin alphabet. C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the modern Latin alphabet. J is the tenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet; it was the last of the 26 letters to be added
Note: In some southern Zazaki dialects, "-c" endings like roc, vac, vic, and pewc becomes "j". This probably comes from another Northwestern Iranian language.
"b" initial
Proto-Iranian "d" sound turns to a "b" in Zazaki. Proto-Iranian, is the reconstructed Proto-language of the Iranian languages branch of Indo-European language family Persian and Kurdish keep the original "b" sound. The origin of Proto-Iranian "d" sound is Proto-Indo-European "*d" sound.
| Zazaki | Farsi | Kurdi | English | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| b | d | d | - | |
| ber | der | deri | door | |
| bin | digar | dın | other | |
| boçık | dom | doç | tail |
"hr" initial
Proto-Iranian "hr" changes to an "s" in Kurdish and Persian. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. D is the fourth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled dee or occasionally de (diː D is the fourth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled dee or occasionally de (diː B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. D is the fourth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled dee or occasionally de (diː D is the fourth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled dee or occasionally de (diː B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. D is the fourth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled dee or occasionally de (diː D is the fourth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled dee or occasionally de (diː Proto-Iranian, is the reconstructed Proto-language of the Iranian languages branch of Indo-European language family Proto-Iranian origin of "hr" is Proto-Indo-European "tr".
| Zazaki | Farsi | Kurdi | English | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| hi(r) | s | s | - | |
| hirē | se | se | three | |
| hiris | si | si | thirty |
"w" sound
Proto-Iranian "w" sound changes to an "h" or a "k" in Persian and Kurdish. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Gender-neutral, gender-inclusive or epicene pronouns are Pronouns that neither reveal nor imply the Gender or sex of a person S is the nineteenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ess or occasionally es (ɛs generally es- S is the nineteenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ess or occasionally es (ɛs generally es- Gender-neutral, gender-inclusive or epicene pronouns are Pronouns that neither reveal nor imply the Gender or sex of a person S is the nineteenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ess or occasionally es (ɛs generally es- S is the nineteenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ess or occasionally es (ɛs generally es- Proto-Iranian, is the reconstructed Proto-language of the Iranian languages branch of Indo-European language family Zazaki maintains the original "w" sound. The origin of Proto Iranian "w" is Proto-Indo-European "tw" sound.
| Zazaki | Farsi | Kurdi | English | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| w | h | h | - | |
| new | noh | neh | nine | |
| çewres | çehel | çıhıl | forty | |
| newe | no* | nûh* | new | |
| yew | yek | yek | one |
no*: Persian loses the "h" sound completely. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States W is the twenty-third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled double-u (ˈdʌbljuː W is the twenty-third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled double-u (ˈdʌbljuː W is the twenty-third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled double-u (ˈdʌbljuː W is the twenty-third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled double-u (ˈdʌbljuː K is the eleventh letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled kay (keɪ K is the eleventh letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled kay (keɪ
nûh*: In some Kurdish dialects "nûh" turns to "nû". Those dialects drop the last sound like in Persian.
"r" and "rd" sound
Proto-Iranian sounds "rd and "rz" are "r" and "rd" in Zazaki. Proto-Iranian, is the reconstructed Proto-language of the Iranian languages branch of Indo-European language family It changes to an "l" sound in Persian and Kurdish.
| Avesta | Zazaki | Farsi | Kurdi | English | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rd/rz | r/rz | l/i | l/i | - | |
| berez- | berz | bılınd | boland | high | |
| herez- | erz | hıl | hêl | release, throw | |
| spērēz- | serpez | sıpıl | seporz* | spleen | |
| sered-, yare | ser | sal | sal | year | |
| zerd- | zeri | dıl | dêl | hearth | |
| verd- | vıl* | gul | gol | rose |
seporz*: In Persian, seporz is probably a borrowing from a Northwestern Iranian language. The Avesta is the primary collection of sacred texts of Zoroastrianism, composed in the Avestan language. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States R is the eighteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ar (ɑr pronounced or) Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the modern Latin alphabet. R is the eighteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ar (ɑr pronounced or) Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the modern Latin alphabet. L is the twelfth letter of the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is el or occasionally ell (ɛl L is the twelfth letter of the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is el or occasionally ell (ɛl R is the eighteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ar (ɑr pronounced or) Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the modern Latin alphabet. R is the eighteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ar (ɑr pronounced or) Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the modern Latin alphabet. L is the twelfth letter of the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is el or occasionally ell (ɛl L is the twelfth letter of the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is el or occasionally ell (ɛl R is the eighteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ar (ɑr pronounced or) Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the modern Latin alphabet. R is the eighteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ar (ɑr pronounced or) Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the modern Latin alphabet. L is the twelfth letter of the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is el or occasionally ell (ɛl R is the eighteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ar (ɑr pronounced or) D is the fourth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled dee or occasionally de (diː R is the eighteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ar (ɑr pronounced or) R is the eighteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ar (ɑr pronounced or) L is the twelfth letter of the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is el or occasionally ell (ɛl L is the twelfth letter of the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is el or occasionally ell (ɛl R is the eighteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ar (ɑr pronounced or) L is the twelfth letter of the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is el or occasionally ell (ɛl L is the twelfth letter of the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is el or occasionally ell (ɛl L is the twelfth letter of the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is el or occasionally ell (ɛl L is the twelfth letter of the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is el or occasionally ell (ɛl
vıl*: In Zazaki, the "l" ending in the word "vıl" was "rd"; however, it is lost probably through a Southwestern Iranian language.
"w" and "h" initials
Proto-Indo-European sound "sw" turns to an "hw" in Proto-Iranian. Proto-Iranian, is the reconstructed Proto-language of the Iranian languages branch of Indo-European language family Zazaki drops "h" in some words, or it drops "w" sound. In Persian and Kurdish "h" turns to "x", however, Persian drops "w" sound while Kurdish keeps it. Proto-Iranian "hw" sound turns to an "hv" in Avesta. The Avesta is the primary collection of sacred texts of Zoroastrianism, composed in the Avestan language.
| Indo-European | Avesta | Zazaki | Farsi | Kurdi | English | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *sw | hv | w, h | x(w) | x(u) | - | |
| *swepn- | hvefne- | hewn | xab | xew | sleep | |
| *swe- | hvet | ho | xod | xwe | self | |
| *swoid- | hvaeda | hiv* | xoy* | xwêdan | sweat | |
| - | hvun | gun* | xun | xwin | blood | |
| *swad | hveş- | weş | xoş | xweş | sweet | |
| - | hven- | wend- | xand- | xwend- | read | |
| *swesor | hveher | wa | xaher | xweh | sister | |
| *swer- | hver- | werd- | xord- | xward- | shallow, eat | |
| *wel- | vas | waşt- | xast- | xwast- | want |
hiv*: Arabic/Hebrew word for sweat "areq" is used in most of the Zazaki dialects instead of hiv. The Avesta is the primary collection of sacred texts of Zoroastrianism, composed in the Avestan language. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States X is the twenty-fourth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ex or occasionally ecks (ɛks plural exes X is the twenty-fourth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ex or occasionally ecks (ɛks plural exes X is the twenty-fourth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ex or occasionally ecks (ɛks plural exes X is the twenty-fourth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ex or occasionally ecks (ɛks plural exes W is the twenty-third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled double-u (ˈdʌbljuː X is the twenty-fourth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ex or occasionally ecks (ɛks plural exes X is the twenty-fourth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ex or occasionally ecks (ɛks plural exes W is the twenty-third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled double-u (ˈdʌbljuː X is the twenty-fourth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ex or occasionally ecks (ɛks plural exes X is the twenty-fourth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ex or occasionally ecks (ɛks plural exes W is the twenty-third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled double-u (ˈdʌbljuː W is the twenty-third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled double-u (ˈdʌbljuː X is the twenty-fourth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ex or occasionally ecks (ɛks plural exes X is the twenty-fourth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ex or occasionally ecks (ɛks plural exes W is the twenty-third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled double-u (ˈdʌbljuː W is the twenty-third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled double-u (ˈdʌbljuː X is the twenty-fourth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ex or occasionally ecks (ɛks plural exes X is the twenty-fourth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ex or occasionally ecks (ɛks plural exes W is the twenty-third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled double-u (ˈdʌbljuː W is the twenty-third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled double-u (ˈdʌbljuː X is the twenty-fourth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ex or occasionally ecks (ɛks plural exes X is the twenty-fourth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ex or occasionally ecks (ɛks plural exes W is the twenty-third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled double-u (ˈdʌbljuː W is the twenty-third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled double-u (ˈdʌbljuː X is the twenty-fourth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ex or occasionally ecks (ɛks plural exes X is the twenty-fourth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ex or occasionally ecks (ɛks plural exes W is the twenty-third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled double-u (ˈdʌbljuː W is the twenty-third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled double-u (ˈdʌbljuː V is the twenty-second letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled vee or occasionally ve (viː W is the twenty-third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled double-u (ˈdʌbljuː X is the twenty-fourth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ex or occasionally ecks (ɛks plural exes X is the twenty-fourth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ex or occasionally ecks (ɛks plural exes W is the twenty-third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled double-u (ˈdʌbljuː
xoy*: Arabic/Hebrew word for sweat "areq" is used in collegial Persian, instead of xoy.
gun*: Zazaki word "gun" should have an initial "w" or "h". However, it is lost.
"c" initial
Proto-Indo-European and Proto-Iranian sound "y" turns to a "c" in Zazaki language as well as in Persian and Kurdish. Proto-Iranian, is the reconstructed Proto-language of the Iranian languages branch of Indo-European language family This is the only sound change where Zazaki has the same development at the same time with Persian and Kurdish together.
| Avesta | Zazaki | Farsi | Kurdi | English | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| y | ĵ | ĵ | ĵ | - | |
| yeng | ceng | ceng | ceng | fight | |
| yada | ciya | coda | cuda | separate | |
| yaoşti- | coş | coş | coş | gush | |
| yeūe- | cew | cu | ce | barley | |
| yawān | cıwan | cevan | cıwan | young | |
| yāker | ciger | ciger | ciger | liver | |
| yāme- | cām | cām | cām | glass | |
| yātu- | cāju | cādū | cāzū | witch |
"ew" sound
The Proto-Indo-European sound "p" turns to an "f" in Proto-Iranian. The Avesta is the primary collection of sacred texts of Zoroastrianism, composed in the Avestan language. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The letter Y is the twenty-fifth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː The letter Y is the twenty-fifth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː The letter Y is the twenty-fifth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː The letter Y is the twenty-fifth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː The letter Y is the twenty-fifth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː The letter Y is the twenty-fifth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː The letter Y is the twenty-fifth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː The letter Y is the twenty-fifth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː Proto-Iranian, is the reconstructed Proto-language of the Iranian languages branch of Indo-European language family In Zazaki this "f" sound turns to "w". Kurdish and Persian keeps the original Proto-Iranian "f" sound.
| Zazaki | Farsi | Kurdi | English | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| b | d | d | - | |
| hewt | heft | heft | seven | |
| kewt | keft | keft | get in | |
| grewt | greft | - | buy, take | |
| kew | keft | kef | foam | |
| vewr | berf | berf | snow |
Note:In Bingol dialect of Zazaki, "ew" further turns to an "o" sound, like hewt to hot, kewt to kot, vewr to wor, and grewt to grot. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States W is the twenty-third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled double-u (ˈdʌbljuː F is the sixth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ef or eff (ɛf F is the sixth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ef or eff (ɛf W is the twenty-third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled double-u (ˈdʌbljuː F is the sixth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ef or eff (ɛf F is the sixth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ef or eff (ɛf W is the twenty-third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled double-u (ˈdʌbljuː F is the sixth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ef or eff (ɛf W is the twenty-third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled double-u (ˈdʌbljuː F is the sixth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ef or eff (ɛf F is the sixth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ef or eff (ɛf W is the twenty-third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled double-u (ˈdʌbljuː F is the sixth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ef or eff (ɛf F is the sixth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ef or eff (ɛf
Some linguistic studies on Zazaki
- Paul, Ludwig. (1998) "The Position of Zazaki Among West Iranian languages" University of Hamburg,[3]. The University of Hamburg (Universität Hamburg is a University in Hamburg, Germany.
- Lynn Todd, Terry. (1985) "A Grammar of Dimili" University of Michigan,[4]. The University of Michigan Ann Arbor ( U of M, U-M, UM or simply Michigan) is a top-ranked Coeducational public research
- Gippert, Jost. (1996) "Historical Development of Zazaki" University of Frankfurt University,[5].
- Gajewski, Jon. (2003) "Evidentiality in Zazaki" Massachusetts Institute of Technology,[6].
- Gajewski, Jon. (2004) "Zazaki Notes" Massachusetts Institute of Technology,[7].
- Larson, Richard. and Yamakido, Hiroko. (2006) "Zazaki as Double Case-Marking" Stony Brook University and University of Arizona,[8]. State University of New York at Stony Brook, commonly known as Stony Brook University, is a public research university located in Stony Brook, New York The University of Arizona (also referred to as UA, U of A, or Arizona) is a Land-grant and space-grant public institution
- Iremet, Faruk. Faruk Iremet, Swedish-Zazaish and Turkish author and journalist (1996) "The difference between Zaza, Kurdish and Turkish" Stockholm, Sweden,[9]. ('stɔkhɔlm is Sweden 's Capital and its largest City. It is the site of the national Swedish government, the parliament, and the "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation.
- Brigitte Werner. (2007) "Features of Bilingualism in the Zaza Community" Marburg, Germany [10]
Notes
- ^ Ethnolgue on Zazaki classification
- ^ The Position of Zazaki Among West Iranian languages by Paul Ludwig
- ^ Ethnologue on Northern Zazaki
- ^ Ethnolgue on Southern Zazaki
- ^ Ethnolgue on Zazaki classification
- ^ The US State Department "Background Note" on Turkey
- ^ Kurdish Academy on "Kurdish Language"
- ^ Britannica on Zazaki classification
- ^ Zazas and Zazaki
References
- Bozdağ, Cem and Üngör, Uğur. Zazas and Zazaki. (Zazaki Literature. )
- Blau, Gurani et Zaza in R. Schmitt, ed. , Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum, Wiesbaden, 1989, ISBN 3-88226-413-6, pp. 336-40 (About Daylamite origin of Zaza-Guranis)
See also
- Iranian Languages vocabulary comparison table
External links
- Dimli (on the Ethnologue site)
- Kirmanjki (on the Ethnologue site)
- Academic Research Center of Zazaki - (In several languages, including English)
- Zaza Language & Culture (In Zazaki, Turkish, English, and German)
- ZazaPress (In Zazaki, Turkish, English and Swedish)
- Iremet Publishing (In Zazaki, Turkish and Swedish)
- Zazaki Language Institute (In German, Zazaki, and Turkish)
- Ethnic Differentiation among the Kurds: Kurmancî, Kizilbash and Zaza
- MIT OpenCourseWare online course in Zazaki
- A Zazaki Radio: Miraz FM
- Zazaish Online Community
- Online Zazaki Grammar (in English)
- With An Eye and an Ear Towards Zazaki (23-min film, produced/directed by Gulcem Aktas and Andrew Nevins
Ethnologue Languages of the World is a web and print publication of SIL International (formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics a Christian
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