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A depiction of the fourth Twelver Shi'a Imam and third or fourth Ismaili Shi'a Imam, Zayn al-Abidin, by a Muslim artist.
A depiction of the fourth Twelver Shi'a Imam and third or fourth Ismaili Shi'a Imam, Zayn al-Abidin, by a Muslim artist. This is a sub-article to Imamah (Shi'a doctrine and is specifically about the Shi'a Twelver conception of the term See also Ismaili The Nizārī s (النزاريون an-Nizāriyyūn) are the largest branch of the Ismā‘īlī (اسماعیلیه and comprise See also Imamah (Shi'a Ismaili doctrine The Musta‘lī (مستعلي Ismā'īlī Muslims are so named because they accept al-Musta‘lī This is a sub-article to Imamah (Shi'a doctrine. The Ismaili view on the Imamah differs from the Twelver Shi'a as well as Sunni views

Ali ibn Husayn (Arabic: علي بن حسين) (Approximately: January 6, 654 AD - October 20, 713 AD) [1] he is the fourth Shi'a Imam. Events 1066 - Harold Godwinson is crowned King of England. 1205 - Philip of Swabia becomes King Events By Place Europe Rhodes is invaded by an Arab force remains of the Colossus of Rhodes are sold off Events 1740 - Maria Theresa takes the throne of Austria. France, Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony ---- Events By Place Byzantine Empire Byzantine Emperor Philippicus is deposed Anastasius II is made emperor Imāmah (إمامة is the Shī‘ah doctrine of religious spiritual and political leadership of the Ummah. He is the third Imam according to the Isma'ili Faatemi sect. He is the brother of Ali al-Asghar ibn Husayn and Ali al-Akbar ibn Husayn, the son of Husayn ibn Ali, and the great-grandson of Muhammad. Abdullah (Ali al-Asghar ibn Husayn (Tenth of Rajab, 60 AH - Tenth of Muharram, 61 AH was the youngest child of Husayn ibn Ali (the grandson of the Ali al-Akbar ibn Husayn ( علي الاكبر بن حسين) (Fifth of Sha'aban, 44 AH - Tenth of Muharram, 61 AH was the Ḥusayn ibn ‘Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib ( ar حسين بن علي بن أﺑﻲ طالب)‎ (third of Shaban 4 AH / 8th January 626 AD at Medina IMPORTANT PLEASE READ ##### For all questions relating to the addition of (pbuh peace be upon him or other honorifics He is known as Zayn al-Abidin (Beauty/Best of the Worshippers). He is also known as Imam al-Sajjad (the Prostrating Imam) and Saiyed as-Saajedeena war-Raake'een (Leader of those who prostrate and bow down).

Contents

Birth and family life

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Twelver
Shi'a Islam

Islam

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Ali ibn Hussayn was born on the 5th of Shabaan 33 AH/654 AD in Medina. See also Shi'a Islam Twelver Shi'ism ( ar اثنا عشرية Ithnāˤashariyyah) is the largest branch of Shi'a branch of Islam Medina mɛˈdiːnə (المدينة المنورة ælmæˈdiːnæl muˈnɑwːɑrɑ or المدينة ælmæˈdiːnæ also transliterated into English as His father, Hussayn ibn Ali, was a grandson of Muhammad. IMPORTANT PLEASE READ ##### For all questions relating to the addition of (pbuh peace be upon him or other honorifics ]</ref>


Learning

He dedicated his life to learning and became an authority on prophetic traditions and Sharia. Sharia ( Arabic: ar شريعة) is the body of Islamic Religious law. He is regarded as the source of the third holiest book in Shi'a Islam after the Quran and the Nahj al Balagha: the Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya, commonly referred to as the Psalms of the Household of Muhammad. The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran The Nahj al-Balagha ( Arabic: نهج البلاغة "Peak of Eloquence" is the most famous collections of Shi'a hadith, attributed to Ali Ali ibn Hussain had many supporters such as Sa'id ibn Jubayr. Sa'id bin Jubayr (665-714 (سعيد بن جبير also known as Abū Muhammad was originally from Kufa, in modern-day Iraq.

He was beside his father right from the moment of his migration towards Karbala and followed his father. Hussain ibn Ali step by step so that, when his father asked for help on day of Ashura got up to extend help to his father. The Day of Ashura ( ar عاشوراء, Ashura Ashoura and other spellings is on the 10th day of Muharram in the Islamic calendar and marks the climax Zaynab bint Ali stopped him and said, "You are the only memorial remnant of this family and the Imam after Hussain ibn Ali and you are the guardian of all of us. Zaynab bint Ali ( زينب بنت علي) was the daughter of the last caliph of Islam Ali (Ali ibn Abu Talib and granddaughter of Islamic prophet Your divine mission is to convey the message of the martyrs to the people.

Although a segment of the people who are unaware consider Ali ibn Hussain to be a sick, invalid, handicapped, and a weak person. But they are seriously mistaken because the illness of Ali ibn Hussain was an expedience and policy of Allah, so that he may remain safe from the harm of the enemy's sword, and become the living history of Karbala. Therefore, after the death of Hussain ibn Ali and his companions, Shimr ibn Dhil-Jawsha came into the encampment of the Ahl Al-Bayt along with a group of his soldiers so that he may kill the remaining ones of the camp of Hussain ibn Ali. See also Muhammad's wives Ahl al-Bayt ( Arabic:ar أهل البيت is an Arabic phrase literally meaning People of the House, or family Since he was ill, Shimr ibn Dhil-Jawsha's companions objected upon him and Umar ibn Sa'ad came after them and reprimanded Shimr ibn Dhil-Jawsha regarding this decision and turned him out of the encampment and said, "Ali ibn Hussain is an ill man and because of that he cannot do a thing, leave him alone. Umar ibn Sa'ad or Amir ibn Sad ( عمر بن سعد) ( fl 620-680 was the son of Sa'ad ibn Abi Waqqas. "

Piety

One of the special features of Ali ibn Hussain character was his piety and abstinence. Ja'far al-Sadiq (the sixth Shi’ah Imam) said, "Ali ibn Hussain resembled most of all the sons of Bani Hashim, with Ali ibn Abi Talib". Jaʿfar al-Sadiq (702-765 in accurate transliteration Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq Arabic: جعفر الصادق in full Jaʿfar ibn Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Husayn

Muhammad al-Baqir (the son of Ali ibn Hussain and the fifth Shi’ah Imam) said, "One day I happened to see my father, I saw him (completely) immersed and (thoroughly pre occupied) in the prayers and with all the attention towards Allah. Muḥammad ibn ‘Alī al-Baqir (محمد ابن علي الباقر) (676-743 AD or 1 Rajab 57 AH – 7 Dhu al-Hijjah 114 AH was the Fifth Imām His color was faded and his eyes were sore and red due to weeping, his feet were swollen by (prostration) and legs, and knees had developed corns. I said humbly "Oh father, why do you lose your self control during the prayers and put yourself in such an inconvenience and discomfort. My father wept and said, "Oh son however and whatsoever amount of prayers I perform even then it is meager and very little as compared to the prayers of your grandfather, Ali ibn Abi Talib.

Taous Yamni says, I saw Ali ibn Hussain lying in prostration saying, "Oh God your servant, needy towards you, is in your house waiting for your blessing, forgiveness and favor".

Attention to the life and training of people

Ali ibn Hussain, like his grandfather, cultivated land and palm date orchards. All the human qualities and attributes were collectively present in his personality. He was the complete specimen of tolerance, forgiveness and self-sacrifice. During the prayers he would get himself so absorbed that he did not have any attention towards anything except Allah.

He traveled to Mecca, on foot, twenty times. And continuously guided and conducted people through the attractive melody of the Qur'anic verses.

As the son of Husayn ibn Ali, he was under great scrutiny and could not directly guide those who (secretly) followed the household of Muhammad. Ḥusayn ibn ‘Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib ( ar حسين بن علي بن أﺑﻲ طالب)‎ (third of Shaban 4 AH / 8th January 626 AD at Medina IMPORTANT PLEASE READ ##### For all questions relating to the addition of (pbuh peace be upon him or other honorifics But he conveyed his understanding of the relationship between human and God by the prayers and supplications that he offered God during his extensive nighttime vigils in the mosque of the Prophet in Medina. These prayers and supplications were written down and then disseminated by his sons and the subsequent generations. Among them is the Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya, which is known as the Psalms of Islam. Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya is said to be the oldest prayer manual in Islamic sources and one of the most seminal works of Islamic Spirituality Psalms ( Hebrew: Tehilim, תהילים, or "praises" is a book of the Hebrew Bible (the Christian Old Testament) included

He looked after and administrated hundreds of houses of the poor and hunger stricken. Daily a number of goats were slaughtered in his house and he distributed all their meat among the afflicted. He dressed the naked and the destitute ones and paid their debts and loans. But he himself took simple meals and put on simple dress.

When the nights would become dark and all the people went to sleep, Ali ibn Hussain would get up put the food in a sack and on his shoulder. He covered his face so that he is not recognized. Then he took that food to the houses of the inflicted and have-nots and gave it to them.

He administrated and looked after nearly a hundred guardians-less family in Medina; most of them comprised indigent, helpless and crippled, handicapped and paralytic ones. None of these families knew that Ali ibn Hussain was the one who managed and run their lives. But after his death, when the aids were discontinued they came to know that Ali ibn Husayn was their helper and friend.

A person came to Ali ibn Husayn and started addressing him with filthy and abusive language. Ali ibn Hussain turned his face towards him without the slightest anger and quarrel or strife and said, "Oh brother, if what you say is right and correct and these vices are present in me then Allah may pardon and forgive my sin. And if you are telling a lie then Allah may forgive you and pardon your sin. " The man was very much ashamed and asked Ali ibn Husayn to pardon him.

Abu Hamza al-Thumali, who was one of the friends of Ali ibn Husayn, asked his servant to briefly define the character and morals of Ali ibn Hussain. He said: "I am at his service for so many years. Whatever I saw was righteousness, piety and purity. My lord helps and assists the people and solves their problems, with all the difficulties worries and preoccupations that he himself faces. " Zaid ibn Usama was lying on the deathbed. Ali ibn Hussain visited him, Zaid was weeping. When Ali ibn Husayn asked him the reason of his weeping he said, "I have to pay fifteen thousand Dinars as my loan and debt and my wealth is not so much as to pay off the debt. " Ali ibn Husayn said, "Do not weep and be contented, I will pay your entire loan. "

The Day of Ashura

At the Battle of Karbala on the day of Ashura, Hussain ibn Ali and most of his family were killed. The Battle of Karbala took place on Muharram 10 61 AH ( October 9 or 10 680 CE in Karbala, in present day Iraq. The Day of Ashura ( ar عاشوراء, Ashura Ashoura and other spellings is on the 10th day of Muharram in the Islamic calendar and marks the climax Ali ibn Hussain survived because he was too sick to fight, and was bedridden. Afterwards, he was taken prisoner by the Umayyad forces and transported to Damascus where he was made a prisoner of the Caliph, Yazid I. Damascus ( دمشق,, also commonly known as الشام ash-Shām) is the capital and largest city of Syria. Yazid ibn Muawiyah ibn Abu Sufyan (يزيد بن معاوية بن أبي سفيان ( July 23[[ 45]] - 683 was the second Caliph of the Umayyad After some years, he was freed, and returned to Medina where he lived a quiet life as a scholar and a teacher.

It is said that for Forty years, whenever food or water was placed before him, he would weep. One day, a servant said to him,

'"O son of Allah's Messenger! Is it not time for your sorrow to come to an end?" He replied, "Woe upon you! Jacob the prophet had twelve sons, and God made one of them disappear. His eyes turned white from constant weeping, his head turned grey out of sorrow, and his back became bent in gloom, though his son was alive in this world. But I watched while my father, my brother, my uncle, and seventeen members of my family were slaughtered all around me. How should my sorrow come to an end?"

Ali ibn Hussain, along with the left behind families of the fallen, was besieged by the enemy, came out on the morning of eleventh Muharram, 61 AH. Muharram ( Arabic: ar محرم is the first month of the Islamic calendar. They had chained his hands and feet and placed the heads of the dead in front of him so that his sorrow and grief was increased.

The family of Hussain ibn Ali, as against the concept a group who think they were defeated, where ever they set foot, they would announce the success of their revolution and the defeat of Yazid.

Death

Imam Zayn ul Abideen us Sajjad Ali ibn Hussain resided in Medina until his death on 18th of Muharram, 94 AH (Approximately: October 23, 712 AD). Muharram ( Arabic: ar محرم is the first month of the Islamic calendar. Imam Zayn ul Abideen was poisoned by Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik. "Hisham" redirects here For the hadith narrator see Hisham ibn Urwah. He was buried in Jannat al-Baqi, the cemetery in Medina where other important figures of Islamic history are buried. Jannat al-Baqi ( جنة البقيع) (also spelt Jannat ul-Baqi) is a cemetery in Medina, Saudi Arabia, located across from the Masjid The period of his imaamat is 33 years.

Preceded by
Husayn ibn Ali		Twelver-Ismaili Imam
680–713		Succeeded by
Muhammad al-Baqir
Zaidi Imam
680–713		Succeeded by
Zaid ibn Ali

See also

References

  1. ^ Ketab Al Irshad, Sheikh Mufid

See also

External links

Shi'a references

Sunni references

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