| Zanzibar | |||
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| Country | Tanzania | ||
| Islands | Unguja and Pemba | ||
| Capital | Zanzibar City | ||
| Settled | AD 1000 | ||
| Government | |||
| - Type | semi-autonomous part of Tanzania | ||
| - President | Amani Abeid Karume | ||
| Area | |||
| - Total | 1,651 km² (637 sq mi) | ||
| Population (2004) | |||
| - Total | 1,070,000 | ||
The country of Zanzibar (pronounced /ˈzænzɨbɑr/) is part of the East African republic of Tanzania. The flag of Zanzibar has changed dramatically since the country achieved independence in 1964 Tanzania ˌtænzəˈniːə officially the United Republic of Tanzania (Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania is a country in East Africa bordered by Kenya This article is about the island Pemba is also a city in Mozambique and a small town in Zambia. Zanzibar City is the capital and largest city on the Tanzanian island of Zanzibar. Amani Abeid Karume (born 1 November 1948) has been president of Zanzibar since 8 November 2000. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. East Africa is the Easternmost Region of the African Continent. Tanzania ˌtænzəˈniːə officially the United Republic of Tanzania (Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania is a country in East Africa bordered by Kenya It consists of the Zanzibar Archipelago in the Indian Ocean, 25–50 km (15–30 mi) off the coast off the mainland. The Zanzibar Archipelago consists of several islands lying off the coast of East Africa in the Indian Ocean: Unguja Island, the largest colloquially The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's Oceanic divisions covering about 20% of the water on the Earth 's surface A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States There are numerous small islands and two large ones: Unguja (the main island, informally referred to as "Zanzibar"), and Pemba. Zanzibar ( is part of the East African republic of Tanzania. It consists of the Zanzibar Archipelago in the This article is about the island Pemba is also a city in Mozambique and a small town in Zambia. Zanzibar was once a separate state with a long trading history within the Arab world; it united with Tanganyika to form Tanzania, and still enjoys a high degree of autonomy within the union. Tanganyika is the name of an East African territory lying between the largest of the African great lakes Lake Victoria, Lake Malawi and Lake Tanganyika The capital of Zanzibar, located on the island of Unguja, is Zanzibar City, and its old quarter, known as Stone Town, is a World Heritage Site. Zanzibar City is the capital and largest city on the Tanzanian island of Zanzibar. Stone Town or Mji Mkongwe, in Swahili meaning "ancient town" is the old part of Zanzibar City (or Unguja Mjini - the capital of the island A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex
Zanzibar's main industries are spices, raffia, and tourism. A spice is a dried Seed, Fruit, Root, Bark or vegetative substance used in Nutritionally insignificant quantities as a Food additive The Raffia palms ( Raphia) are a Genus of twenty species of palms native to tropical regions of Africa, Madagascar, with one species Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel It is still sometimes referred to as the Spice Islands, a term also associated with the Maluku Islands in Indonesia, because of the significance of its production of cloves, of which it is the world leader, and also nutmeg, cinnamon and pepper. This article covers the historical role of the Maluku Islands as a source of spices since early history when the islands where known as the Spice Islands The Maluku Islands (also known as the Moluccas, Moluccan Islands, the Spice Islands or simply Maluku) are an Archipelago The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. This article is about the Spice; for other meanings see Clove (disambiguation. The nutmegs Myristica are a Genus of Evergreen Trees indigenous to tropical southeast Asia and Australasia Cinnamon ( Cinnamomum verum, synonym C zeylanicum) is a small Evergreen Tree 10–15 metres (32 Black pepper ( Piper nigrum) is a flowering Vine in the family Piperaceae, cultivated for its Fruit, which is usually dried The ecology is of note for being the home of the endemic Zanzibar Red Colobus and the elusive Zanzibar Leopard. Endemism is the Ecological state of being unique to a place Endemic species are not naturally found elsewhere The Zanzibar Red Colobus ( Piliocolobus kirkii) is a Species of Red colobus monkey endemic to Unguja, the main island of the The Zanzibar Leopard ( Panthera pardus adersi) is an elusive and possibly extinct Subspecies of Leopard endemic to Unguja Island The word "Zanzibar" probably derives from the Persian زنگبار, Zangi-bar ("coast of the blacks"); it is known as Zanji-bar in Arabic. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language
Contents |
History
The presence of microlithic tools attests to 20,000 years of human occupation of Zanzibar. A microlith is a small stone tool typically knapped of Flint or Chert, usually about three centimetres long or less They are typically one Centimetre The islands became part of the historical record of the wider world when Arab traders discovered them and used them as a base for voyages between Arabia, India, and Africa. The Arabian Peninsula (in Arabic: شبه الجزيرة العربية šibh al-jazīra al-ʻarabīya or جزيرة العرب jazīrat al-ʻarab) India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Unguja offered a protected and defensible harbour, so although the archipelago offered few products of value, the Arabs settled at what became Zanzibar City (Stone Town) as a convenient point from which to trade with East African coastal towns. Zanzibar ( is part of the East African republic of Tanzania. It consists of the Zanzibar Archipelago in the Zanzibar City is the capital and largest city on the Tanzanian island of Zanzibar. East Africa is the Easternmost Region of the African Continent. They established garrisons on the islands and built the first mosque in the Southern hemisphere. A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger Southern Hemisphere is the half of a Planet that is South of the Equator —the word hemisphere literally means 'half ball' [1]
During the Age of Exploration, the Portuguese Empire was the first European power to gain control of Zanzibar, and kept it for nearly 200 years. The Age of Discovery or Age of Exploration was a period from the early 15th century and continuing into the early 17th century during which Europeans explored The Portuguese Empire was the earliest and longest lived of the modern European colonial empires spanning almost six centuries from the capture of Ceuta In 1698 Zanzibar fell under the control of the Sultanate of Oman, which developed an economy of trade and cash crops, with a ruling Arab elite. Oman, officially the Sultanate of Oman ( Arabic: سلطنة عُمان) is an Arab Country in Southwest Asia on the southeast In Agriculture, a cash crop is a crop which is grown for Money. Plantations were developed to grow spices, hence the moniker of the Spice Islands (a name also used of Dutch colony the Moluccas, now part of Indonesia). This article covers the historical role of the Maluku Islands as a source of spices since early history when the islands where known as the Spice Islands The Dutch Empire was the territories controlled by The Netherlands from the 17th to the 20th century The Maluku Islands (also known as the Moluccas, Moluccan Islands, the Spice Islands or simply Maluku) are an Archipelago The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. Another major trade good was ivory, the tusks of elephants killed in mainland Africa. The third pillar of the economy was slaves, giving Zanzibar an important place in the Arab slave trade, the Indian Ocean equivalent of the better-known Triangular Trade. The Arab Slave trade was the practice of Slavery in West Asia, North Africa, East Africa, and certain parts of Europe (such The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's Oceanic divisions covering about 20% of the water on the Earth 's surface Triangular trade is a historical term indicating Trade between three ports or regions Zanzibar City was the main trading port of the East African slave trade, with about 50,000 slaves a year passing through the city. The history of slavery uncovers many different forms of human exploitation across many cultures throughout history [2] The Sultan of Zanzibar controlled a substantial portion of the East African coast, known as Zanj, which included Mombasa and Dar es Salaam, and trading routes which extended much further inland, such as to Kindu on the Congo River. The post of Sultan of Zanzibar was created on 19 October 1856 after the death of Sa'id ibn Sultan, who had ruled Oman and Zanzibar as the Sultan of Zanj ( Arabic and Persian زنج "Land of the Blacks" was a name used by medieval Arab geographers to refer to both a certain portion of the Mombasa is the second largest City in Kenya, lying on the Indian Ocean. Dar es Salaam (دار السلام "Abode of Peace" Dār as-Salām) formerly Mzizima, is the largest city in Tanzania. Kindu is a town in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the capital of Maniema province The Congo River (for a time known as the Zaire River) is the largest River in Western Central Africa.
Sometimes gradually, sometimes by fits and starts, control came into the hands of the British Empire; part of the political impetus for this was the 19th century movement for the abolition of the slave trade. The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. Abolitionism was a political movement of the 18th and 19th century which sought to make Slavery illegal particularly in the United States and British West Indies The relationship between Britain and the nearest relevant colonial power, Germany, was formalized by the 1890 Helgoland-Zanzibar Treaty, in which Germany pledged not to interfere with British interests in insular Zanzibar. The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from 1871 to 1918 when it was a semi- Constitutional monarchy: beginning with the Unification The Heligoland-Zanzibar Treaty (Helgoland-Sansibar-Vertrag was an 1890 agreement between the United Kingdom and the German Empire - hence also Anglo-German That year, Zanzibar became a protectorate (not a colony) of Britain. In International law, a protectorate is a autonomous territory that is "protected" by a stronger state or entity hense the protector which engages to protect This article is about a type of political territory For other uses see Colony (disambiguation. From 1890 to 1913, traditional viziers were appointed to govern as puppets, switching to a system of British residents (effectively governors) from 1913 to 1963. A Vizier ( - wazīr) (sometimes also spelled Vazir Vizir Vasir Wazir Vesir, or Vezir - grammatical vowel changes are common in many western Asian A puppet state is a State that is nominally independent but in reality under the control of another power A governor is a governing official usually the executive (at least nominally to different degrees also politically and administratively of a non-sovereign level of government The death of one sultan and the succession of another of whom the British did not approve led to the Anglo-Zanzibar War. On the morning of 27 August 1896, ships of the Royal Navy destroyed the Beit al Hukum Palace; a cease fire was declared 45 minutes later, and the bombardment subsequently became known as The Shortest War in History. Events 479 BC - Greco-Persian Wars: Persian forces led by Mardonius are routed by Pausanias, the Spartan Year 1896 ( MDCCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore known as the Senior Service) A ceasefire (or truce) is a temporary stoppage of a War or any Armed conflict, where each side of the conflict agrees
The islands gained independence from Britain in December 1963 as a constitutional monarchy. A constitutional monarchy, or a limited monarchy, is a form of Constitutional Government, wherein either an elected or hereditary Monarch is A month later, the bloody Zanzibar Revolution, in which several thousand Arabs and Indians were killed and thousands more expelled,[3] established the Republic of Zanzibar and Pemba. The Zanzibar Revolution was the overthrow in 1964 of the Sultan of Zanzibar and his mainly Arab government by 600-800 of the country's African majority Zanzibar ( is part of the East African republic of Tanzania. It consists of the Zanzibar Archipelago in the That April, the republic merged with the mainland former colony of Tanganyika, or more accurately, was subsumed by the much larger entity. Tanganyika is the name of an East African territory lying between the largest of the African great lakes Lake Victoria, Lake Malawi and Lake Tanganyika This United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar was soon renamed as a portmanteau, the United Republic of Tanzania, of which Zanzibar remains a semi-autonomous region. Tanzania ˌtænzəˈniːə officially the United Republic of Tanzania (Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania is a country in East Africa bordered by Kenya Zanzibar was most recently in the international news with a January 2001 massacre, following contested elections.
Fauna
Zanzibar has many animal species from the African mainland who traveled from the mainland during the last ice age. "Last glacial" redirects here For the period of maximum glacier extent during this time see Last Glacial Maximum The last glacial period These included the Zanzibar leopard, which some think is extinct. The Zanzibar Leopard ( Panthera pardus adersi) is an elusive and possibly extinct Subspecies of Leopard endemic to Unguja Island In Biology and Ecology, extinction is the cessation of existence of a Species or group of taxa.
Geography
Political status
Zanzibar also has its own Revolutionary Council and House of Representatives (with 50 seats, directly elected by universal suffrage to serve five-year terms) to make laws especially for it; these make up the semi-autonomous Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar. The Revolutionary Council along with the House of Representatives make up the semi-autonomous Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar. The Unicameral House of Representatives of Zanzibar is the semi-autonomous island's legislative body Universal suffrage (also universal adult suffrage, general suffrage or common suffrage) consists of the extension of the right to vote to The Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar is the semi-autonomous government of Zanzibar, a part of Tanzania.
Unguja comprises three administrative regions: Zanzibar Central/South, Zanzibar North and Zanzibar Urban/West. Zanzibar Central/South is one of the 26 regions of Tanzania. Located on the island of Zanzibar, Koani serves as the region's capital Zanzibar North is one of the 26 regions of Tanzania. Located on the island of Zanzibar, Mkokotoni serves as the region's capital Zanzibar Urban/West is one of the 26 regions of Tanzania. Located on the island of Unguja, Zanzibar Town serves as the region's capital The second-largest island has two regions: Pemba North and Pemba South. Pemba North is one of the 26 regions of Tanzania. Located on Pemba Island the region's capital is Wete. Pemba South is one of the 26 regions of Tanzania. Located on Pemba Island, the region's capital is Mkoani.
Since the early 1990s, the politics of the archipelago have been marked by repeated clashes between two political parties: the Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) and the Civic United Front (CUF). The Chama Cha Mapinduzi ( Party of the Revolution in Swahili) is the ruling Political party of Tanzania. The Civic United Front ( Chama Cha Wananchi) is a liberal party in Tanzania. Violence erupted over contested elections in 2000 and 2005, with the CUF claiming both times to have had their rightful victory stolen from them. Following 2005, negotiations between the two parties aiming at the long-term resolution of the tensions as well as a power-sharing accord took place, but suffered repeated setbacks, most notably in April 2008, when the CUF walked away from the negotiating table following a CCM call for a referendum to approve of what had been presented as a done deal on the power-sharing agreement.
Education
The island is home to Zanzibar University. The Zanzibar University, the first University in Zanzibar, is a private institution sponsored by an NGO – the Darul Iman Charitable Association
Culture
Zanzibar is a conservative, Sunni Muslim society. Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam. Sunni Islam is also referred to as Ahl as-Sunnah wa’l-Jamā‘h (Arabic Its history was influenced by the Arabs, Persians, Indians, Portuguese, British and the African mainland. The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located
Stone Town is a place of winding lanes, circular towers, carved wooden doors, raised terraces and beautiful mosques. Stone Town or Mji Mkongwe, in Swahili meaning "ancient town" is the old part of Zanzibar City (or Unguja Mjini - the capital of the island Important architectural features are the Livingstone house, the Guliani Bridge, and the House of Wonders. The town of Kidichi features the hammam (Persian baths), built by immigrants from Shiraz, Iran during the reign of Barghash bin Said. The Turkish bath (hamam from حمّام) is the Middle Eastern variant of a steam bath, which can be categorized as a wet relative of the Shiraz ( شیراز Shīrāz) is the fifth most populated city in Iran and the capital of Fars Province. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. Sayyid Barghash bin Said Al-Busaid, GCMG, (1837 – March 26, 1888) (برغش بن سعيد البوسعيد son of Said bin Sultan
Zanzibar was the first region in Africa to introduce colour television, in 1973. PAL, short for Phase Alternating Line, is a colour -encoding system used in Broadcast television systems in large parts of the world The current TV station is called TvZ. The first television service on mainland Tanzania was not introduced until some twenty years later. Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic
Zanzibar criminalised gay and lesbian sex in 2004 [1] [2]. In the sociological field, crime is the breach of a rule or Law for which some governing authority or force may ultimately prescribe a Punishment In September 2006, a radical Islamic group on the archipelago, Uamsho, forced organizers to abandon plans to mark the 60th birthday of the late Freddie Mercury (born Farouk Bulsara into the Parsi community of Stone Town, who reached fame as the lead singer of the rock group Queen), saying he violated Islam with his openly bisexual lifestyle. Freddie Mercury (born Farrokh Bulsara; 5 September 1946 – 24 November 1991 was a Zanzibar -born British Musician, best known as the lead Queen were an English rock band formed in 1970 in London by guitarist (See Islam and homosexuality. Islamic views on homosexuality have always been influenced by the rulings prescribed by the Qur'an and the teachings of the Islamic prophet Muhammed. )
Economy
Pemba Island was once the world's leading clove producer, although when the national government decided to privatize the clove market, the island went into an economic slump. This article is about the island Pemba is also a city in Mozambique and a small town in Zambia. This article is about the Spice; for other meanings see Clove (disambiguation. Zanzibar exports spices, seaweed and fine raffia. The Raffia palms ( Raphia) are a Genus of twenty species of palms native to tropical regions of Africa, Madagascar, with one species It also has a large fishing and dugout canoe production. A dugout is a Boat which is basically a hollowed tree trunk Other names for this type of boat are logboat and monoxylon. Tourism is a major foreign currency earner.
Picture gallery
 A Zanzibar beach |
 Stone Town |
 House of Wonders |
 Zanzibar West Coast beach |
 Polluted beach at Mtoni |
See also
References
- ^ Else, David. German East Africa (Deutsch-Ostafrika was a German Colony in East Africa, including what is now Burundi, Rwanda and Tanganyika The Heligoland-Zanzibar Treaty (Helgoland-Sansibar-Vertrag was an 1890 agreement between the United Kingdom and the German Empire - hence also Anglo-German The ryal (ريال was the currency of Zanzibar between 1882 and 1908 The rupee (روپيه was the currency of Zanzibar from 1908 to December 31, 1935. Guide to Zanzibar. ISBN 1 898323 28 3.
- ^ Swahili Coast
- ^ Yeager, Rodger (1989). Tanzania: An African Experiment, p. 27.
Further reading
- Revolution in Zanzibar, Don Petterson (Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 2002)
- Memoirs of an Arabian Princess from Zanzibar, Emily Ruete, 1888. Emily Ruete (1844-1924 was born in Zanzibar as Sayyida Salme, Princess of Zanzibar and Oman. (Many reprints). Author (1844-1924) was born Princess Salme of Zanzibar and Oman and was a daughter of Sayyid Said.
- Banani: the Transition from Slavery to Freedom in Zanzibar and Pemba, H. S. Newman, (London, 1898)
- Travels in the Coastlands of British East Africa, W. W. A. FitzGerald, (London, 1898)
- Zanzibar in Contemporary Times, R. N. Lyne, (London, 1905)
- Pemba: The Spice Island of Zanzibar, J. E. E. Craster, (London, 1913)
- Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era, and Tanzania under Mwalimu Nyerere: Reflections on an African Statesman, Godfrey Mwakikagile, (Pretoria, South Africa: New Africa Press, 2006)
- Hatice Uğur, Osmanlı Afrikası'nda Bir Sultanlık: Zengibar (Zanzibar as a Sultanate in the Ottoman Africa), İstanbul: Küre Yayınları, 2005. Godfrey Mwakikagile is a Tanzanian writer who was born in Kigoma in western Tanganyika on 4 October 1949. http://www.kureyayinlari.com/Icindekiler.aspx?KID=23. For its English version, see http://seyhan.library.boun.edu.tr:80/record=b1268198
External links
- Zanzibar travel guide from Wikitravel
- History and places of Zanzibar
- Government of Zanzibar
- Map of Zanzibar and Tanganyika in 1886
- BBC article about new flag adoption
- Zanzibar climate, visa and medical advice
- Zanzibar climate, visa and medical advice
- Zanzibar, The Columbia Encyclopedia
- Zanzibar without Poverty - A plain language guide to the Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar’s Zanzibar Poverty Reduction Plan (ZPRP) of January 2002
- Zanzibar Network for Responsible Tourism - NGO Umoja
- Map of Zanzibar
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