Republic of Zambia
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: "One Zambia, One Nation"
Anthem: Stand and Sing of Zambia, Proud and Free
Capital (and largest city)		Lusaka 15°25′S, 28°17′E
Official languages		English
Recognised regional languages		Chibemba, Chichewa, Lunda, Tonga, Silozi, Nkoya, Luvale, Tumbuka, Kaonde, and 70 other indigenous languages. The flag of Zambia was adopted in October 24, 1964. It was slightly modified in 1996. The State Coat of Arms of Zambia was adopted on 24 October 1964 when the Republic of Zambia reached its independence A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history traditions and struggles of its people recognized either by a nation's "Stand and Sing of Zambia Proud and Free" or "Lumbanyeni Zambia" is the National anthem of Zambia. Zambia 's population comprises more than 70 Bantu -speaking Ethnic groups Lusaka is the capital and largest city of Zambia. It is located in the southern part of the central plateau of the country at an elevation An official language is a Language that is given a special legal status in a particular Country, State, or other territory English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States A regional language is a Language spoken in an area of a Nation state, whether it be a small area a federal State or Province, or This article refers to the Bemba language For other uses see Bemba (disambiguation. Chichewa ( Chicheŵa in Malawian English, also known as C(hinyanja) is a Language of the Bantu language family widely spoken in south-central The Tonga language of Zambia and Zimbabwe is a Bantu Language primarily spoken by the Tonga people in those countries who live mainly in the Southern Lozi, also known as Silozi and Rozi, is a Bantu language (of the Niger-Congo language family that is spoken by the Lozi people Balovale means the Lovale people also spelled Luvale and also called (in Angola the Luena or Lwena, an ethnic group in Zambia and The Tumbuka language is a Bantu language which is spoken in parts of Malawi, Zambia, and Tanzania. Kaonde, also known as Chikaonde and Kawonde, is a Bantu language (of the larger Niger-Congo family that is spoken primarily in Zambia
Demonym		Zambian
Government		Republic
-	President	Levy Mwanawasa
Independence		from the United Kingdom
-	Date	October 24, 1964
Area
-	Total	752,618 km² [1](39th) 290,587 sq mi
-	Water (%)	1
Population
-	July 2005 estimate	11,668,000[2] (71st)
-	2000 census	9,885,591[3]
-	Density	16/km² (191st) 40/sq mi
GDP (PPP)		2005 estimate
-	Total	$13. A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a People or the inhabitants of a place For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. A republic is a State or Country that is not led by a hereditary Monarch, but in which the people (or at least a part of its people have impact on its This page contains a list of presidents of Zambia. Presidents of Zambia (1964-Present Latest election See also Lists of incumbents Levy Patrick Mwanawasa ( 3 September 1948 – 19 August 2008) was a Zambian politician Independence is the Self-government of a Nation, Country, or State by its residents and population or some portion thereof generally exercising The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Events 69 - Second Battle of Bedriacum, forces under Antonius Primus the commander of the Danube armies loyal to Vespasian, defeat Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. To help compare Orders of magnitude of different geographical regions we list here Surface areas between 100000 km² and 1000000 km² This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by total area. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. In Mathematics, a percentage is a way of expressing a number as a Fraction of 100 ( per cent meaning "per hundred" In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology List of countries by population in 2005|List of countries by population in 1907This is a list of countries ordered according to Population. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume List of countries and dependencies by Population density in inhabitants/km² The purchasing power parity ( PPP) theory uses the long-term equilibrium Exchange rate of two currencies to equalize their Purchasing power. 025 billion[4] (133rd)
-	Per capita	$1,000[5] (168th)
Gini (2002–03)		42. There are three lists of Countries of the world sorted by their Gross domestic product (GDP (the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation Per capita is a Latin phrase meaning for each head with Per meaning 'through' or 'by' This article includes three lists of Countries of the world sorted by their Gross domestic product (GDP at Purchasing power parity (PPP Per capita The Gini coefficient is a measure of statistical dispersion most prominently used as a measure of inequality of income distribution or inequality of wealth 1 (medium)
HDI (2007)		▲ 0. The Human Development Index ( HDI) is an index combining normalized measures of Life expectancy, Literacy, Educational attainment, and GDP 434 (low) (165th)
Currency		Zambian kwacha (ZMK)
Time zone		CAT (UTC+2)
-	Summer (DST)	not observed (UTC+2)
Internet TLD		.zm
Calling code		+260

The Republic of Zambia (IPA: [ˈzæmbɪə]), is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. This is a list of countries by Human Development Index as included in the United Nations Development Program 's Human Development Report 2007 A currency is a unit of exchange, facilitating the transfer of Goods and/or services It is one form of Money, where money is The kwacha ( ISO 4217 code ZMK is the currency of Zambia. It is subdivided into 100 ngwee. ISO 4217 is the International standard describing three-letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established Central Africa Time, or CAT, is a time zone used in central and southern Africa. Daylight saving time ( DST A country This is a list of country calling codes defined by ITU-T recommendation E A landlocked country is commonly defined as one enclosed or nearly enclosed by land Southern Africa is the Southernmost Region of the African Continent, variably defined by Geography or Geopolitics. The neighbouring countries are the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north, Tanzania to the north-east, Malawi to the east, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana, and Namibia to the south, and Angola to the west. The Democratic Republic of the Congo (République démocratique du Congo often referred to as DR Congo, DRC or RDC, and formerly known or referred to Tanzania ˌtænzəˈniːə officially the United Republic of Tanzania (Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania is a country in East Africa bordered by Kenya The Republic of Malawi (məˈlɑːwi or; formerly Nyasaland) is in southern Africa. Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique (Moçambique or República de Moçambique, ʁɛ'publikɐ d musɐ̃'bik is a country in southeastern Africa See also Great Zimbabwe National Monument. For information about the March and June 2008 presidential elections see Zimbabwean presidential election The Republic of Botswana (Lefatshe la Botswana is a Landlocked nation in Southern Africa. Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa on the Atlantic coast Angola, officially the Republic of Angola (República de Angola Pronounced ʁɛˈpublikɐ dɨ ɐ̃ˈgɔlɐ Repubilika ya Ngola is a country in south-central The capital city is Lusaka, located in the southeast of the country. Lusaka is the capital and largest city of Zambia. It is located in the southern part of the central plateau of the country at an elevation The population is concentrated mainly around the capital and the Copperbelt to the northwest. The Copper Belt or Copperbelt (usually spelled as one word is the Copper mining area of Zambia, around the towns of Ndola, Kitwe,

Zambia has been inhabited for thousands of years by hunter-gatherers and migrating tribes. A hunter-gatherer society is one whose primary subsistence method involves the direct procurement of edible plants and animals from the wild Foraging and Hunting After sporadic visits by European explorers starting in the 18th century, Zambia was gradually claimed and occupied by the British as protectorate of Northern Rhodesia towards the end of the nineteenth century. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Northern Rhodesia was a territory in south central Africa initially administered under charter by the British South Africa Company and formed by it in 1911 by On 24 October 1964, the protectorate gained independence with the new name of Zambia, derived from the Zambezi river which flows through the country. Events 69 - Second Battle of Bedriacum, forces under Antonius Primus the commander of the Danube armies loyal to Vespasian, defeat Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. The Zambezi (also spelled Zambesi) is the fourth-longest River in Africa and the largest flowing into the Indian Ocean from Africa After independence the country moved towards a system of one party rule with Kenneth Kaunda as president. A single-party state, one-party system or single-party system is a type of Party system Government in which a single Political party Kenneth David Kaunda, commonly known as KK (born April 28, 1924) served as the first President of Zambia, from 1964 to 1991 Kaunda dominated Zambian politics until multiparty elections were held in 1991.

Zambia's economy has been traditionally dominated by the copper mining industry; however the government has recently been pursuing an economic diversification programme. Currently the most common source of Copper Ore is the mineral Chalcopyrite (CuFeS2 which accounts for about 50% of copper production During the 1970s, the country began sliding into a poverty from which it has not recovered. Zambia's total foreign debt exceeded $6 billion in 2000; the growing population strains the economic growth and HIV/AIDS is widespread. Human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV) is a Lentivirus (a member of the Retrovirus family that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome The average per capita income is $395, placing Zambia as one of the world's poorest countries.

Contents 1 History 2 Government 3 Provinces 3.1 Population of major cities 4 Languages 5 Education 6 Geography 6.1 Climate 7 Economy 8 Demographics 9 Culture 10 Sports 11 See also 12 References 13 External links

History

Main article: History of Zambia

The area of modern Zambia was inhabited by Khoisan hunter-gatherers until around AD 300, when technologically-advanced migrating tribes began to displace or absorb them. This article deals with the history of the country now called Zambia from prehistoric times to the present Khoisan (increasingly commonly spelled Khoesan or Khoe-San) is the name for two major Ethnic groups of Southern Africa. A hunter-gatherer society is one whose primary subsistence method involves the direct procurement of edible plants and animals from the wild Foraging and Hunting ^[6] In the 12th century, major waves of Bantu-speaking immigrants arrived during the Bantu expansion. Bantu may refer to Bantu expansion, a series of migrations of Bantu speakers Bantu languages Bantu people Bantu may refer to Bantu expansion, a series of migrations of Bantu speakers Bantu languages Bantu people Among them, the Tonga people (also called Batonga) were the first to settle in Zambia and are believed to have come from the east near the "big sea". For the related ethnic group in Malawi see Tonga people of Malawi. The Nkoya people also arrived early in the expansion, coming from the Luba-Lunda kingdoms located in the southern parts of the modern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northern Angola, followed by a much larger influx, especially between the late 17th and early 19th centuries. The Kingdom of Luba or Luba Empire (1585-1889 was a pre-colonial Central African state which arose in the marshy grasslands of the Upemba Depression in what is now The Kingdom of Lunda (c 1665-1887 also known as the Lunda Empire was a pre-colonial African confederation of states in what is now the Democratic Republic of Congo The Democratic Republic of the Congo (République démocratique du Congo often referred to as DR Congo, DRC or RDC, and formerly known or referred to Angola, officially the Republic of Angola (República de Angola Pronounced ʁɛˈpublikɐ dɨ ɐ̃ˈgɔlɐ Repubilika ya Ngola is a country in south-central In the early 18th century, the Nsokolo people settled in the Mbala district of Northern province. During the 19th century, the Ngoni peoples arrived from the south. The Ngoni people are an ethnic group living in Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania and Zambia, in east-central Africa. By the late 19th century, most of the various peoples of Zambia were established in the areas they currently occupy.

The earliest account of a European visiting the area was Francisco de Lacerda in the late 18th century, followed by other explorers in the 19th century. Dr Francisco José Maria de Lacerda (died 1798-10-18) was a Portuguese explorer in the 18th century The most prominent of these was David Livingstone, who had a vision of ending the slave trade through the "3 C's" (Christianity, Commerce and Civilisation). Dr David Livingstone (19 March 1813 &ndash 1 May 1873 was a British Congregationalist pioneer medical Missionary with the London Missionary Society The history of slavery uncovers many different forms of human exploitation across many cultures throughout history He was the first European to see the magnificent waterfalls on the Zambezi River in 1855, naming them Victoria Falls after Queen Victoria. The Zambezi (also spelled Zambesi) is the fourth-longest River in Africa and the largest flowing into the Indian Ocean from Africa The Victoria Falls or Mosi-oa-Tunya (the Smoke that Thunders is a Waterfall situated in southern Africa on the Zambezi River between Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901 was from 20 June 1837 the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Locally the falls are known "Mosi-oa-Tunya" or "the smoke that thunders" (in the Lozi or Kololo dialect). The town of Livingstone, near the falls, is named after him. Livingstone is a historic colonial city and present capital of the Southern Province of Zambia, a Tourism centre for Mosi-oa-Tunya (Victoria Highly publicised accounts of his journeys motivated a wave of explorers, missionaries and traders after his death in 1873.

In 1888, the British South Africa Company, (BSA Company) led by Cecil Rhodes, obtained mineral rights from the Litunga, the king of the Lozi for the area which later became North Western Rhodesia. The British South Africa Company (BSAC was established by Cecil Rhodes through the amalgamation of the Central Search Association and the Exploring Company Ltd Cecil John Rhodes, PC DCL (5 July 1853 &ndash 26 March 1902 was an English -born Businessman mining Magnate, and Politician The Litunga of Barotseland (now in Zambia) is the king or paramount chief of the Lozi people The Lozi people are an ethnic group primarily of western Zambia, inhabiting the region of Barotseland. ^[7] To the east, King Mpezeni of the Ngoni resisted but was defeated in battle^[8] and that part of the country came to be known as North-Eastern Rhodesia. Mpezeni (also spelt Mpeseni) was warrior-king of one of the largest Ngoni groups of central Africa based in what is now the Chipata District of Zambia The Ngoni people are an ethnic group living in Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania and Zambia, in east-central Africa. The two were administered as separate units until 1911 when they were merged to form Northern Rhodesia. Northern Rhodesia was a territory in south central Africa initially administered under charter by the British South Africa Company and formed by it in 1911 by In 1923, the Company ceded control of Northern Rhodesia to the British Government after the government decided not to renew the Company's charter.

That same year, in Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), which was also administered by the BSA Company, became self-governing. See also Great Zimbabwe National Monument. For information about the March and June 2008 presidential elections see Zimbabwean presidential election In 1924, after negotiations, administration of Northern Rhodesia transferred to the British Colonial Office. The Secretary of State for the Colonies or Colonial Secretary was the British Cabinet official in charge of managing the various British Colonies. In 1953, the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland joined Northern and Southern Rhodesia (now Zambia and Zimbabwe, respectively) with Nyasaland (now Malawi). Constitutional origins It was commonly understood that Southern Rhodesia would be the dominant territory in the federation — economically electorally and militarily Southern Rhodesia was the name of the British Colony situated north of the Limpopo River and the Union of South Africa, and known today as Zimbabwe See also Great Zimbabwe National Monument. For information about the March and June 2008 presidential elections see Zimbabwean presidential election The History of Malawi covers the area of present-day Malawi. The region was once part of the Maravi Empire. The Republic of Malawi (məˈlɑːwi or; formerly Nyasaland) is in southern Africa. This action was undertaken despite opposition from a sizeable minority of Africans, who demonstrated against it in 1960-61. ^[9] Northern Rhodesia was the centre of much of the turmoil and crisis characterizing the federation in its last years. Initially, Harry Mwaanga Nkumbula's African National Congress (ANC) led the campaign that Kenneth Kaunda's United National Independence Party (UNIP) subsequently took up. Harry Mwaanga Nkumbula (1917? - 1983 was a Northern Rhodesian/Zambian nationalist leader who assisted in the struggle for the independence of Northern Rhodesia from British Kenneth David Kaunda, commonly known as KK (born April 28, 1924) served as the first President of Zambia, from 1964 to 1991

In January 1964, Kenneth Kaunda won the first and only election for Prime Minister of Northern Rhodesia. Kenneth David Kaunda, commonly known as KK (born April 28, 1924) served as the first President of Zambia, from 1964 to 1991 The Colonial Governor, Sir Evelyn Hone, was very close to Kaunda and urged him to go for the post. This page contains a list of Governors of Northern Rhodesia from 1924 to 1964 Evelyn Dennison Hone (1911-1979 was the last Governor in Northern Rhodesia from 1959-1964 Soon afterwards there was an uprising in the north of the country known as the Lumpa Uprising led by Alice Lenshina. Lumpa Church is the name given to a religious movement that arose in Zambia in the 1950s Alice Lenshina was born Alice Mulenga Mubisha (1920 Kasomo, Northern Rhodesia &ndash 1978 in the Chinsali district of the northern province of Northern Rhodesia She was a self-proclaimed prophetess who claimed that she had had a visitation from an angel telling her to liberate the people. Many followed her and fought the authorities to the death — men, women and children alike. She continued despite pleas from her own brother to give herself up. This was Kenneth Kaunda's first internal conflict as leader of the nation.

A two-stage election held in October and December 1962 resulted in an African majority in the legislative council and an uneasy coalition between the two African nationalist parties. The council passed resolutions calling for Northern Rhodesia's secession from the federation and demanding full internal self-government under a new constitution and a new National Assembly based on a broader, more democratic franchise. The Unicameral National Assembly of Zambia is the country's legislative body The federation was dissolved on 31 December 1963, and Northern Rhodesia became the Republic of Zambia on 24 October 1964, with Kaunda as the first president. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 69 - Second Battle of Bedriacum, forces under Antonius Primus the commander of the Danube armies loyal to Vespasian, defeat Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar.

At independence, despite its considerable mineral wealth, Zambia faced major challenges. Domestically, there were few trained and educated Zambians capable of running the government, and the economy was largely dependent on foreign expertise. Three neighbouring countries – Angola, Mozambique and Southern Rhodesia; remained under colonial rule. Angola, officially the Republic of Angola (República de Angola Pronounced ʁɛˈpublikɐ dɨ ɐ̃ˈgɔlɐ Repubilika ya Ngola is a country in south-central Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique (Moçambique or República de Moçambique, ʁɛ'publikɐ d musɐ̃'bik is a country in southeastern Africa Southern Rhodesia's white-ruled government unilaterally declared independence in November, 1965. In addition, Zambia shared a border with South West Africa (Namibia) which was administered by South Africa. South-West Africa (Afrikaans Suidwes-Afrika; German Südwestafrika) was the name of what is today the Republic of Namibia. Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa on the Atlantic coast The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Zambian sympathies lay with forces opposing colonial or white-dominated rule, particularly in Southern Rhodesia (subsequently called Rhodesia). During the next decade, it actively supported movements such as UNITA in Angola; the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU); the African National Congress (ANC) in South Africa; and the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO). The National Union for the Total Independence of Angola ( União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola) is the second-largest Political party in Angola. Zimbabwe African People's Union is a defunct militant Communist organization and political party that fought for the National liberation of Zimbabwe from The African National Congress (ANC has been South Africa 's governing party supported by its Tripartite alliance with the Congress of South African Trade Unions The South West Africa People's Organization ( SWAPO) is a Political party and former Liberation movement in Namibia.

Conflict with Rhodesia resulted in the closure of the border with that country in 1973 and severe problems with international transport and power supply. However, the Kariba hydroelectric station on the Zambezi River provided sufficient capacity to satisfy the country's requirements for electricity (despite the fact that the control centre was on the Rhodesian side of the border). The Kariba Dam is a Hydroelectric Dam in the Kariba Gorge of the Zambezi river basin between Zambia and Zimbabwe. A railway to the Tanzanian port of Dar es Salaam, built with Chinese assistance, reduced Zambian dependence on railway lines south to South Africa and west through an increasingly troubled Angola. The TAZARA Railway (also called the Uhuru Railway from the Swahili word for Freedom, and the Tanzam Railway) was built between 1970 and 1975 Tanzania ˌtænzəˈniːə officially the United Republic of Tanzania (Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania is a country in East Africa bordered by Kenya Dar es Salaam (دار السلام "Abode of Peace" Dār as-Salām) formerly Mzizima, is the largest city in Tanzania. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Until the completion of the railway, however, Zambia's major artery for imports and the critical export of copper was along the TanZam Road, running from Zambia to the port cities in Tanzania. Also a pipeline for oil was built from Dar-es-Salaam to Ndola in Zambia. Ndola is the second-largest city in Zambia, with a population of 374757 (2000 census

By the late 1970s, Mozambique and Angola had attained independence from Portugal. Zimbabwe achieved independence in accordance with the 1979 Lancaster House Agreement, however Zambia's problems were not solved. The Lancaster House Agreement ended biracial rule in Zimbabwe Rhodesia following negotiations between representatives of the Patriotic Front (PF consisting of ZAPU Civil war in the former Portuguese colonies created an influx of refugees and caused continuing transportation problems. According to the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, a refugee is a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race The Benguela railway, which extended west through Angola, was essentially closed to traffic from Zambia by the late 1970s. The Benguela railway is operated by the Caminho de Ferro de Benguela ( CFB) that connects the Atlantic port of Lobito Zambia's strong support for the ANC, which had its external headquarters in Lusaka, created security problems as South Africa raided ANC targets in Zambia.

In the mid-1970s, the price of copper, Zambia's principal export, suffered a severe decline worldwide. Copper (ˈkɒpɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol Cu (cuprum and Atomic number 29 In Zambia's situation, the cost of transporting the copper great distances to market was an additional strain. Zambia turned to foreign and international lenders for relief, but, as copper prices remained depressed, it became increasingly difficult to service its growing debt. By the mid-1990s, despite limited debt relief, Zambia's per capita foreign debt remained among the highest in the world.

Government

Main article: Politics of Zambia

Zambian politics take place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Zambia is both head of state and head of government in a pluriform multi-party system. Politics of Zambia takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic Republic, whereby the President of Zambia is both A presidential system is a System of government where an executive branch exists and presides (hence the term separately from the Legislature Representative democracy is a form of government founded on the principles of the people's representatives A republic is a State or Country that is not led by a hereditary Monarch, but in which the people (or at least a part of its people have impact on its This page contains a list of presidents of Zambia. Presidents of Zambia (1964-Present Latest election See also Lists of incumbents Head of state is the generic term for the individual or collective office that serves as the chief public representative of a Monarchic or Republican Nation-state This article focuses on the cases where the Head of Government is a separate office from the Head of State The government exercises executive power, whilst legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. Zambia became a republic immediately upon attaining independence in October 1964.

Provinces

Main articles: Provinces of Zambia and Districts of Zambia

Zambia is divided into nine provinces, each administered by an appointed deputy minister. Zambia is divided into 9 Provinces There is also a campaign by some for a tenth province to be called " Kafue Province" with Kaoma as it's capital The nine provinces of Zambia are divided into a total of 72 districts. A province is a territorial unit almost always an Administrative division. Each province is subdivided into several districts with a grand total of 73 districts. Districts are a type of Administrative division, in some countries managed by a Local government. The provinces are:

• Central
• Copperbelt
• Eastern
• Luapula
• Lusaka
• Northern
• North-Western
• Southern
• Western

Population of major cities

City	Population
Lusaka	1,218,200
Ndola	547,900
Kitwe	368,800
Kabwe	213,800
Chingola	150,500
Luanshya	124,800
Livingstone	108,100

Languages

The official language of Zambia is English, which is used to conduct official business and is the medium of instruction in schools. Central Province is one of Zambia 's nine provinces. The provincial capital is Kabwe home of the Mulungushi Rock of Authority, founder home of UNIP Copperbelt Province in Zambia covers the mineral-rich Copperbelt, and farming and bush areas to the south Eastern Province is one of Zambia 's nine provinces. The provincial capital is Chipata. Luapula Province is one of Zambia 's nine provinces, and is located in the north of the country Lusaka Province is one of Zambia 's nine provinces. The provincial capital is Lusaka, which is also the national capital Northern Province is one of Zambia 's nine provinces. It covers approximately one fifth of Zambia in land area North-Western Province is one of Zambia 's nine provinces. It covers an area of 125826 km² and has a population of 583350 (2000 census Southern Province is one of Zambia 's nine provinces, and home to Zambia's premier tourist attraction Mosi-oa-Tunya (Victoria Falls shared with Zimbabwe The Western Province, formerly known as the Barotseland, is in the western part of Zambia. Lusaka is the capital and largest city of Zambia. It is located in the southern part of the central plateau of the country at an elevation Ndola is the second-largest city in Zambia, with a population of 374757 (2000 census Kitwe is the third-largest city in Zambia, with a population of 363734 ( 2000 census Kabwe is the capital of the Zambian Central Province with a population estimated at 210000 Chingola is a city in Zambia's Copperbelt Province, the country's copper-mining region with a population of 147448 ( 2000 census Luanshya is a town in Zambia, in the Copperbelt Province near Ndola. Livingstone is a historic colonial city and present capital of the Southern Province of Zambia, a Tourism centre for Mosi-oa-Tunya (Victoria English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Commonly-spoken indigenous languages number over seventy and include the: Lamba, Kaonde, Tumbuka, Ngoni, Ila,Senga, Chewa, Chibemba, Nsenga Chinyanja, Lunda, Chitonga, Kaonde, Silozi, Nkoya, and Luvale. This article refers to the Bemba language For other uses see Bemba (disambiguation. Chichewa ( Chicheŵa in Malawian English, also known as C(hinyanja) is a Language of the Bantu language family widely spoken in south-central Lunda, also known as Chilunda, is a Bantu language (of the larger Niger-Congo family that is spoken in Zambia, Angola and to The Tonga language of Zambia and Zimbabwe is a Bantu Language primarily spoken by the Tonga people in those countries who live mainly in the Southern Kaonde, also known as Chikaonde and Kawonde, is a Bantu language (of the larger Niger-Congo family that is spoken primarily in Zambia Lozi, also known as Silozi and Rozi, is a Bantu language (of the Niger-Congo language family that is spoken by the Lozi people Balovale means the Lovale people also spelled Luvale and also called (in Angola the Luena or Lwena, an ethnic group in Zambia and Estimates of the total number of languages spoken in Zambia vary from 43^[10] to 70,^[11] depending on whether some dialects are counted as languages in their own right. The process of urbanisation has had a dramatic effect on some of the indigenous languages, including the assimilation of words from other indigenous languages and English. Urban dwellers sometimes differentiate between urban and rural dialects of the same language by prefixing the rural languages with 'deep'. Most will thus speak Nyanja in Lusaka to all and sundry, English in official communications and the chosen (husbands/ wifes) language at home if (as is now common) there is an intertribal family.

Education

Main articles: Education in Zambia and List of schools in Zambia

Education in Zambia is provided at three levels: primary (years 1 to 7), junior secondary (years 8 to 9) and upper secondary (years 10 to 12). Lower education in Zambia is divided into three levels primary junior secondary and upper secondary Primary schools Secondary Schools Colleges Universities Copperbelt University University of Some schools provide a "basic" education covering years 1 to 9, as year 9 is considered to be a decent level of education for the majority of children. However, tuition is only free up to year 7, and UNESCO estimated that 80% of children of primary school age in 2002 were enrolled. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 ^[12] Most children drop out after year 7 when fees must be paid.

Both government and private schools exist in Zambia. The private school system began largely as a result of Christian mission efforts during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Amongst famous private schools are the International School of Lusaka, the Roman Catholic run St Mary's Seminary located in the Msupadzi area, south of Chipata, Eastern Province and Simba International School close to Ndola, Copperbelt Province. Private schools operate under either the British or American way of schooling, but also offer curricula approved by the Examinations Council of Zambia (ECZ).

Educational opportunities beyond secondary school are limited in Zambia. After secondary school, most students study at the various colleges, around the country. There are two main universities: the University of Zambia (UNZA) and the Copperbelt University (CBU). The University of Zambia is Zambia 's largest university founded in 1966. Normally both select students on the basis of ability but competition for places is intense. The introduction of fees in the late 1990s has made university level education inaccessible for some, although the government does provide state bursaries. The Copperbelt University opened in the late 1980s, taking over most of the former Zambia Institute of Technology site in Kitwe. Other centres of education include the Public Administration College (NIPA), the Northern Technical College (NORTEC), the National Resources Development College (NRDC) and the Evelyn Hone College. There are also several teacher training colleges offering two-year training programmes, whilst missionary hospitals around the country offer internationally acceptable training for nurses and several Christian schools offer seminary-level training.

Geography

Main article: Geography of Zambia

See also: List of settlements in Zambia

Zambia is a landlocked country in southern Africa, with a tropical climate and consists mostly of high plateau, with some hills and mountains, dissected by river valleys. Zambia is a landlocked country located in Southern Africa, to the east of Angola. This is a list of Cities, Towns Villages and missions in Zambia. A landlocked country is commonly defined as one enclosed or nearly enclosed by land A tropical climate is a kind of Climate typical in the Tropics. In Geology and Earth science, a plateau, also called a high plateau or tableland, is an area of highland, usually consisting At 752,614 km² (290,566 sq.  mi. ) it is the 39th-largest country in the world (after Chile) and slightly larger than the US state of Texas. Chile, officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish:) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow Coastal strip wedged between the Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. Zambia is drained by two major river basins: the Zambezi basin in the south covering about three-quarters of the country; and the Congo basin in the north covering about one-quarter of the country. The Zambezi (also spelled Zambesi) is the fourth-longest River in Africa and the largest flowing into the Indian Ocean from Africa The Congo River (for a time known as the Zaire River) is the largest River in Western Central Africa. A very small area in the north-west forms part of the internal drainage basin of Lake Rukwa in Tanzania. Lake Rukwa is a Lake in southwestern Tanzania. The alkaline Lake Rukwa lies midway between Lake Tanganyika and Lake Nyasa at an elevation of

In the Zambezi basin, there are a number of major rivers flowing wholly or partially through Zambia: the Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, and the Zambezi itself, which flows through the country in the west and then forms its southern border with Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe. The Kabompo River is one of the main tributaries of the upper Zambezi River river The Lungwebungu River of south-west-central Africa is the largest Tributary of the upper Zambezi River. The Kafue River sustains one of the world's great wildlife environments Luangwa River is one of the major tributaries of the Zambezi River and one of the four biggest rivers of Zambia. Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa on the Atlantic coast The Republic of Botswana (Lefatshe la Botswana is a Landlocked nation in Southern Africa. See also Great Zimbabwe National Monument. For information about the March and June 2008 presidential elections see Zimbabwean presidential election Its source is in Zambia but it diverts into Angola, and a number of its tributaries arise in Angola's central highlands. The edge of the Cuando River floodplain (not its main channel) forms Zambia's south-western border, and via the Chobe River that river contributes very little water to the Zambezi because most is lost by evaporation). The Cuando River (sometimes spelled Kwando) is a river in south-central Africa, also called the Linyanti River and the Chobe River in its lower The Cuando River (sometimes spelled Kwando) is a river in south-central Africa, also called the Linyanti River and the Chobe River in its lower ^[13]

Two of the Zambezi's longest and largest tributaries, the Kafue and the Luangwa, flow mainly in Zambia. Their confluences with the Zambezi are on the border with Zimbabwe at Chirundu and Luangwa town respectively. This article is about the town and district See Luangwa River or Luangwa (disambiguation for other uses Before its confluence, the Luangwa River forms part of Zambia's border with Mozambique. Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique (Moçambique or República de Moçambique, ʁɛ'publikɐ d musɐ̃'bik is a country in southeastern Africa From Luangwa town, the Zambezi leaves Zambia and flows into Mozambique, and eventually into the Mozambique Channel. The Mozambique Channel is a portion of the Indian Ocean between the island of Madagascar and southeast Africa, namely Mozambique.

The Zambezi falls about 100 metres (328 ft) over the 1. 6 km (1 mile) wide Victoria Falls, located in the south-west corner of the country, subsequently flowing into Lake Kariba. The Victoria Falls or Mosi-oa-Tunya (the Smoke that Thunders is a Waterfall situated in southern Africa on the Zambezi River between Lake Kariba is a large man-made Lake and reservoir located on the Zambezi river about halfway between The Zambezi valley, running along the southern border, is both deep and wide. From Lake Kariba going east it is formed by grabens and like the Luangwa, Mweru-Luapula, Mweru-wa-Ntipa and Lake Tanganyika valleys, is a rift valley. A graben is a depressed block of land bordered by parallel faults Graben is German for ditch. Lake Mweru Wantipa (also spelled 'Mweru-wa-Ntipa' and also called 'Mweru Marsh' is a Lake and Swamp system in the Northern Province of Zambia A rift valley is a linear-shaped lowland between highlands or mountain ranges created by the action of a geologic Rift or fault.

The west of Zambia is very flat with broad plains, the most notable being the Barotse Floodplain on the Zambezi, which floods from December to June, lagging behind the annual rainy season (typically November to April). The Barotse Floodplain also known The flood dominates the natural environment and the lives, society and culture of the inhabitants and those of other smaller, floodplains throughout the country. ||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||}A floodplain, or flood plain, is flat or nearly flat land adjacent to a Stream or River that experiences occasional or periodic

Eastern Zambia shows greater diversity. The plateau which extends between the Zambezi and Lake Tanganyika valleys is tilted upwards to the north, and so rises imperceptibly from about 900 m (3000 ft) in the south to 1200 m (4000 ft) in the centre, reaching 1800 m (6000 ft) in the north near Mbala. In the east, the Luangwa Valley splits the plateau in a curve north east to south west, extended west into the heart of the plateau by the deep valley of the Lunsemfwa River. The Lunsemfwa River is a tributary of the Lukasashi and Luangwa Rivers in Zambia and part of the Zambezi River basin Hills and mountains are found by the side of some sections of the valley, notably in its north-east the Nyika Plateau (2200 m) on the Malawi border, which extend into Zambia as the Mafinga Hills, containing the country's highest point, Kongera (2187m). The Muchinga Mountains, the watershed between the Zambezi and Congo drainage basins, run parallel to the deep valley of the Luangwa River and form a sharp backdrop to its northern edge, although they are almost everywhere below 1700m. Their culminating peak Mumpu is at the western end and at 1892m is the highest point in Zambia away from the eastern border region. The border of the Congo Pedicle was drawn around this mountain. The Congo Pedicle (at one time referred to as the Zaire Pedicle; in French la botte du Katanga, meaning Katanga boot) refers to the southeast

The southernmost headstream of the Congo River rises in Zambia and flows through its north firstly as the Chambeshi and then, after the Bangweulu Swamps as the Luapula, which forms part of the border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Chambeshi River (also known as the Chambezi River) is a River in northeastern Zambia. Bangweulu — 'where the water sky meets the sky' — is one of the world's great wetland systems comprising Lake Bangweulu, the Bangweulu Swamps The Luapula River is a section of Africa 's second-longest river the Congo. The Democratic Republic of the Congo (République démocratique du Congo often referred to as DR Congo, DRC or RDC, and formerly known or referred to The Luapula flows south then west before it turns north until it enters Lake Mweru. Lake Mweru (also spelled Mwelu) is a Freshwater Lake on the longest arm of Africa 's second-longest river the Congo. The lake's other major tributary is the Kalungwishi River, which flows into it from the east. The Kalungwishi River flows west in northern Zambia into Lake Mweru. The Luvua River drains Lake Mweru, flowing out of the northern end to the Lualaba River (Upper Congo River). The Luvua River is a River in the Katanga Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Lualaba River is the greatest Headstream of the Congo River by volume of water

Lake Tanganyika is the other major hydrographic feature that belongs to the Congo basin. Lake Tanganyika is a large Lake in central Africa (3° 20' to 8° 48' South and from 29° 5' to 31° 15' East Hydrography focuses on the measurement of physical characteristics of Waters and marginal land Its south-eastern end receives water from the Kalambo River, which forms part of Zambia's border with Tanzania. The Kalambo River forms part of the border between Zambia and Tanzania. This river has Africa's second highest uninterrupted waterfall, the Kalambo Falls. Kalambo Falls on the Kalambo River is a 772ft (235m single drop Waterfall on the border of Zambia and Tanzania at the southeast end of

Climate

Main article: Climate of Zambia

The climate of Zambia is tropical modified by elevation. The Climate of Zambia in Central and Southern Africa is Tropical modified by altitude (elevation. The Tropics are centered on the Equator and limited in Latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the northern hemisphere at approximately 23°26' (23 The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. In the Köppen climate classification, most of the country is classified as humid subtropical or tropical wet and dry, with small stretches of semi-arid steppe climate in the south-west and along the Zambezi valley. The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems It was developed by Wladimir Köppen, a German climatologist

There are two main seasons, the rainy season (November to April) corresponding to summer, and the dry season (May/June to October/November), corresponding to winter. A wet season or rainy season is a Season in which the average Rainfall in a region is significantly increased The dry season is a term commonly used when describing the weather in the Tropics. The dry season is subdivided into the cool dry season (May/June to August), and the hot dry season (September to October/November). The modifying influence of altitude gives the country pleasant subtropical weather rather than tropical conditions during the cool season of May to August. The subtropics are the zones of the Earth immediately north and south of the tropic zone which is bounded by the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of ^[14] However, average monthly temperatures remain above 20°C over most of the country for eight or more months of the year.

Economy

Main article: Economy of Zambia

About 68% of Zambians live below the recognised national poverty line,^[15] with rural poverty rates standing at about 78%^[16] and urban rates of 53%. Zambia is one of Sub-Saharan Africa 's most highly urbanized countries The poverty threshold, or poverty line, is the minimum level of Income deemed necessary to achieve an adequate Standard of living in a given country ^[17] Per capita annual incomes are currently at about one-half their levels at independence and, at $395, place the country among the world's poorest nations. Social indicators continue to decline, particularly in measurements of life expectancy at birth (about 40. 0 years) and maternal mortality (729 per 100,000 pregnancies). The country's rate of economic growth cannot support rapid population growth or the strain which HIV/AIDS related issues (i. Human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV) is a Lentivirus (a member of the Retrovirus family that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome e. rising medical costs, decline in worker productivity) place on government resources.

Once a middle-income country, Zambia began to slide into poverty in the 1970s when copper prices declined on world markets. The socialist government made up for falling revenue with several abortive attempts at International Monetary Fund structural adjustment programmes (SAPs), which ended after popular outcries from the people. The International Monetary Fund ( IMF) is an International organization that oversees the Global financial system by following the Macroeconomic Structural adjustment is a term used to describe the policy changes implemented by the International Monetary Fund (IMF and the World Bank (the Bretton After democratic multi-party elections, the Chiluba government (1991-2001) came to power in November 1991 committed to an economic reform programme. The government privatised most of the parastatals (state-owned corporations), maintained positive real interest rates, eliminated exchange controls, and endorsed free market principles. Privatization is the incidence or process of transferring ownership of business from the Public sector (government to the Private sector (business The distinction between real versus nominal value occurs in many fields Interest is a fee paid on borrowed capital Assets lent include Money, Shares, Consumer goods through Hire purchase, major assets Foreign exchange controls are various forms of controls imposed by a government on the purchase/sale of foreign currencies by residents or on the purchase/sale of local currency Corruption grew dramatically under the Chiluba government. Political corruption is the use of governmental powers by government officials for illegitimate private gain It remains to be seen whether the Mwanawasa government will be aggressive in continuing economic reform. Zambia is still dealing with economic reform issues such as the size of the public sector and improving Zambia's social sector delivery systems. The public sector is the part of economic and administrative life that deals with the delivery of goods and services by and for the Government, whether national Regional NGOs and other groups have contended that the SAPs, in Zambia and other countries, have had very detrimental effects on the poor. ^[18] Zambia's total foreign debt exceeded $6 billion when the country qualified for Highly Indebted Poor Country Initiative (HIPC) debt relief in 2000, contingent upon meeting certain performance criteria. Heavily Indebted Poor Countries ( HIPC) are a group of 37 Developing countries with high levels of Poverty and Debt overhang which are eligible Conditionality is a concept in International development, Political economy and International relations and describes the use of conditions attached to Initially, Zambia hoped to reach the HIPC completion point, and benefit from substantial debt forgiveness, in late 2003. In January 2003, the Zambian government informed the IMF and World Bank that it wished to renegotiate some of the agreed performance criteria calling for privatisation of the Zambia National Commercial Bank and the national telephone and electricity utilities. The International Monetary Fund ( IMF) is an International organization that oversees the Global financial system by following the Macroeconomic The World Bank is an internationally supported Bank that provides financial and technical assistance to developing countries for development programs (e Although agreements were reached on these issues, subsequent overspending on civil service wages delayed Zambia's final HIPC debt forgiveness from late 2003 to early 2005, at the earliest. In an effort to reach HIPC completion in 2004, the government drafted an austerity budget for 2004, freezing civil service salaries and increasing a number of taxes. The labour movement and other components of civil society have objected to the sacrifices called for in the budget, and, in some cases, the role of the international financial institutions in demanding austerity.

The Zambian economy has historically been based on the copper mining industry. Currently the most common source of Copper Ore is the mineral Chalcopyrite (CuFeS2 which accounts for about 50% of copper production Output of copper had fallen, however, to a low of 228,000 metric tons in 1998, after a 30 year decline in output due to lack of investment, low copper prices, and uncertainty over privatisation. In 2002, following privatisation of the industry, copper production rebounded to 337,000 metric tons. Improvements in the world copper market have magnified the effect of this volume increase on revenues and foreign exchange earnings. Recently, firms like Vedanta Resources, a London-based miner acquired Konkola Copper Mines (KCM). Vedanta Resources plc ( is a diversified and integrated metals and Mining group headquartered in London, England. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Konkola Copper Mines is a Copper Mining and Smelting company in Zambia. Vedanta transformed the company and continues investing in the Zambian economy. For example, it is undertaking the largest single investment in the country in early 2006.

The Zambian government is pursuing an economic diversification programme to reduce the economy's reliance on the copper industry. This initiative seeks to exploit other components of Zambia's rich resource base by promoting agriculture, tourism, gemstone mining, and hydro-power. In 2003, exports of nonmetals increased by 25% and accounted for 38% of all export earnings, previously 35%. Nonmetal is a term used in Chemistry when classifying the Chemical elements On the basis of their general physical and chemical properties every element in the The Zambian government has recently been granting licenses to international resource companies to prospect for minerals such as nickel, tin, copper and uranium. ^[19] It is hoped that nickel will take over from copper as the country's top metallic export.

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of Zambia

Main article: Religion in Zambia

Zambia is one of the most highly urbanised countries in sub-Saharan Africa with 44% of the population concentrated in a few urban areas along the major transport corridors, while rural areas are sparsely populated. For more than 250 years Kazembe has been an influential kingdom or chieftainship of the Chibemba-speaking Lunda people of south-central Africa (also Zambia 's population comprises more than 70 Bantu -speaking Ethnic groups Zambia is officially a Christian nation but a wide variety of religious traditions exist Unemployment and underemployment in urban areas are serious problems, while most rural Zambians are subsistence farmers. Subsistence agriculture is self-sufficient farming in which farmers grow only enough food to feed the family and to pay taxes or feudal dues The population comprises approximately 72, mostly Bantu-speaking ethnic groups. Almost 90% of Zambians belong to the nine main ethnolinguistic groups: the Bemba, Nyanja-Chewa, Tonga, Tumbuka, Lunda, Luvale, Kaonde, Nkoya and Lozi. The Bemba (or 'BaBemba' using the Ba- prefix to mean 'people of' and also called 'Awemba' or 'BaWemba' in the past belong to a large group of peoples mainly in the Northern This article is about the African ethnic group for the language see Chichewa language The Chewa are a people of Central / Southern For the related ethnic group in Malawi see Tonga people of Malawi. The Tumbuka are a Bantu ethnic group living in Northern Malawi, Eastern Zambia and Southern Tanzania. The BaLunda ( Balunda, Lunda also spelled Luunda and Ruund) arose in what is now DR Congo along the Kalanyi River and formed Balovale means the Lovale people also spelled Luvale and also called (in Angola the Luena or Lwena, an ethnic group in Zambia and Kaonde, also known as Chikaonde and Kawonde, is a Bantu language (of the larger Niger-Congo family that is spoken primarily in Zambia The Lozi people are an ethnic group primarily of western Zambia, inhabiting the region of Barotseland. In the rural areas, each ethnic group is concentrated in a particular geographic region of the country and many groups are very small and not as well known. However, all the ethnic groups can be found in significant numbers in Lusaka and the Copperbelt.

Expatriates, mostly British or South African, as well as some white Zambian citizens (about 120,000), live mainly in Lusaka and in the Copperbelt in northern Zambia, where they are either employed in mines, financial and related activities or retired. Zambia also has a small but economically important Asian population, most of whom are Indians. In recent years, several hundred dispossessed white farmers have left Zimbabwe at the invitation of the Zambian government, to take up farming in the Southern province. See also Great Zimbabwe National Monument. For information about the March and June 2008 presidential elections see Zimbabwean presidential election

Zambia is officially a Christian nation, but a wide variety of religious traditions exist. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth Traditional religious thought blends easily with Christian beliefs in many of the country's syncretic churches. Christian denominations include: Roman Catholic, Anglican, Pentecostal, New Apostolic Church, Lutheran, Seventh-day Adventist, Jehovah's Witnesses and a variety of Evangelical denominations. Anglicanism is a tradition of Christian faith Churches in this tradition either have historical connections to the Church of England or have similar beliefs Pentecostalism is a renewalist religious movement within Christianity that places special emphasis on the direct personal experience of God through the Baptism The New Apostolic Church ( NAC) is a chiliastic church, existing since 1879 in Germany and since 1897 in the Netherlands. Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century German reformer Martin Luther The Seventh-day Adventist (abbreviated " Adventist " Church is a Christian denomination which is distinguished mainly by its observance Jehovah's Witnesses is a restorationist, millenialist Christian denomination Evangelicalism is a theological movement tradition and system of beliefs most closely associated with Protestant Christianity, which identifies with the Gospel These grew, adjusted and prospered from the original missionary settlements (Portuguese and Catholicism in the east from Mozambique) and Anglicanism (English and Scottish influences) from the south. The Portuguese people (os Portugueses literally the Portuguese) are the Ethnic group or Nation native to the country of Portugal, in the west Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique (Moçambique or República de Moçambique, ʁɛ'publikɐ d musɐ̃'bik is a country in southeastern Africa Except for some technical positions (e. g. physicians), western missionary roles have been assumed by native believers. After Frederick Chiluba (a Pentecostal Christian) became President in 1991, Pentecostal congregations expanded considerably around the country. Frederick Jacob Titus Chiluba (born April 30, 1943) served as the President of Zambia from 1991 ^[20]

Approximately 5% of the population are Muslims with most living in urban areas. The arrival of Islam in Zambia dates to the fourth Hijri century when Muslims established emirates on the coast of East Africa. ^[21] There is also a small Jewish community, composed mostly of Ashkenazis. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim ( Hebrew: אַשְׁכֲּנָזִים, ˌaʃkəˈnazim sing Notable Jewish Zambians have included Simon Zukas, retired Minister, MP and a member of Forum for Democracy and Development and earlier on the MMD and United National Independence Party. The Forum for Democracy and Development is a Political party in Zambia. The United National Independence Party (UNIP is a Political party in Zambia. Additionally, the economist Stanley Fischer, currently the governor of the Bank of Israel and formerly head of the IMF also was born and partially raised in Zambia's Jewish community. Stanley "Stan" Fischer ( Hebrew: סטנלי פישר is an Economist and the current Governor of the Bank of Israel. The Bank of Israel (בנק ישראל بنك إسرائيل is the Central bank of Israel. The International Monetary Fund ( IMF) is an International organization that oversees the Global financial system by following the Macroeconomic The Baha'i population of Zambia is over 160,000,^[22] or 1. The Bahá'í Faith is a Religion founded by Bahá'u'lláh in nineteenth-century Persia, emphasizing the spiritual unity of all humankind 5% of the population. The William Mmutle Masetlha Foundation^[23] run by the Baha'i community is particularly active in areas such as literacy and primary health care.

Culture

Holidays^[24]

Date	Name
January 1	New Year's Day
March 12	Labour Day
Variable	Good Friday
Variable	Holy Saturday
Variable	Holy Monday
May 1	Labor Day
May 25	Africa Freedom Day
First Monday and Tuesday in July	Heroes and Unity Day
First Monday in August	Farmers' Day
October 24	Independence Day
December 25	Christmas Day

The culture of Zambia is mainly indigenous Bantu culture mixed with European influences. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC New Year's Day is the first day of the Year. On the modern Gregorian calendar, it is celebrated on January 1, as it was also in ancient Rome (though Events 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving Labour Day is an annual Holiday celebrated all over the world that resulted from efforts of Good Friday, also called Holy Friday or Great Friday, is the Friday preceding Easter Sunday ("Pascha" Holy Saturday ( Latin: Sabbatum Sanctum) is the day after Good Friday. Holy Monday or Great and Holy Monday is the Monday of Holy Week, which precedes the commemoration of the Death and Resurrection of Jesus. Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Labor Day is a United States Federal holiday observed on the first Monday in September Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors. Events 69 - Second Battle of Bedriacum, forces under Antonius Primus the commander of the Danube armies loyal to Vespasian, defeat An Independence Day is an annual celebration commemorating the Anniversary of a Nation 's assumption of independent Statehood, usually after ceasing Events 274 - Roman Emperor Aurelian Kitwe is the third-largest city in Zambia, with a population of 363734 ( 2000 census Bantu may refer to Bantu expansion, a series of migrations of Bantu speakers Bantu languages Bantu people Prior to the establishment of modern Zambia, the indigenous people lived in independent tribes, each with their own ways of life. One of the results of the colonial era was the growth of urbanisation. Different ethnic groups started living together in towns and cities, influencing each other as well as adopting a lot of the European culture. The original cultures have largely survived in the rural areas. In the urban setting there is a continuous integration and evolution of these cultures to produce what is now called "Zambian culture".

Traditional culture is very visible through colourful annual Zambian traditional ceremonies. Zambian Traditional Ceremonies. 1 Central Province Chibwela Kumushi 2 Some of the more prominent are: Kuomboka and Kathanga (Western Province), Mutomboko (Luapula Province), Ncwala (Eastern Province), Lwiindi and Shimunenga (Southern Province), Likumbi Lyamize (North Western), Chibwela Kumushi (Central Province), Ukusefya Pa Ng’wena (Northern Province). Kuomboka is a word in the Lozi language; it literally means ‘to get out of water’ For more than 250 years Kazembe has been an influential kingdom or chieftainship of the Chibemba-speaking Lunda people of south-central Africa (also Lwiindi is an annual festival of the Tonga people of southern Zambia.

Popular traditional arts are mainly in pottery, basketry (such as Tonga baskets), stools, fabrics , mats, wooden carvings, ivory carvings, wire craft and copper crafts. The Tonga women of the Southern Province of Zambia are famous for their basket weaving Most Zambian traditional music is based on drums (and other percussion instruments) with a lot of singing and dancing. In the urban areas foreign genres of music are popular, in particular Congolese rumba, African-American music and Jamaican reggae. Soukous (also known as Lingala or Congo, and previously as African rumba) is a Musical genre that originated in the two neighbouring countries

The Zambian staple diet is based on maize. Maize (ˈmeɪz ( Zea mays L. ssp mays) known as corn in some countries is a cereal grain domesticated in Mesoamerica It is normally eaten as a thick porridge, called Nshima, prepared from maize flour commonly known as mealie meal. Nshima or nsima is a Cornmeal product and a Staple food in Zambia and Malawi. This may be eaten with a variety of vegetables, beans, meat, fish or sour milk depending on geographical location/origin. Nshima is also prepared from cassava a staple food in some parts of the country. Nshima or nsima is a Cornmeal product and a Staple food in Zambia and Malawi. The cassava, yuca, manioc, or mandioca ( Manihot esculenta) is a woody Shrub of the Euphorbiaceae (spurge family native There are a lot of Zambian foods which are peculiar to Zambia such as inswa (flying ants), fyunkubala (caterpillars), Hopani (monitor lizards), Mbeba (mice), magande (giant toads) and Kolwe (monkey meat).

Sports

The most popular sport in Zambia is football. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered The Zambia national football team has had its triumphant moments in football history. The Zambia national football team represents the country of Zambia and is governed by the Football Association of Zambia. At the Seoul Olympics of 1988, the National Team defeated the Italian National team by a score of 4-0. Kalusha Bwalya, Zambia's most celebrated football player and one of Africa's greatest football talents had a hat trick in that match. However to this day, many pundits say the greatest team Zambia has ever assembled was the one that perished on April 28 1993 in a plane crash at Libreville, Gabon. Rugby, boxing and cricket are also popular sports in Zambia. Zambia used to play cricket as part of Rhodesia. Rhodesia was the name adopted when the formerly British colony of Southern Rhodesia declared itself independent ( Unilateral Declaration of Independence In 2011, Zambia is due to host the tenth All-Africa Games, for which three stadiums will be built in Lusaka, Ndola, and Livingstone. The All-Africa Games, sometimes called the African Games or Pan African Games, are a regional Multi-sport event held every four years organized by the Lusaka is the capital and largest city of Zambia. It is located in the southern part of the central plateau of the country at an elevation Ndola is the second-largest city in Zambia, with a population of 374757 (2000 census Livingstone is a historic colonial city and present capital of the Southern Province of Zambia, a Tourism centre for Mosi-oa-Tunya (Victoria ^[25] The Lusaka stadium will have a capacity of 70,000 spectators while the other two stadiums will hold 50,000 people each. The government is encouraging the private sector to get involved in the construction of the sports facilities because of a shortage of public funds for the project.

See also

References

External links

• The Tourist Board of Zambia (Extensive travel guide)
• The Government of Zambia (State House)
• The Parliament of Zambia (National Assembly)
• Zambia News Agency
• Zambia at the Open Directory Project

• Zambia travel guide from Wikitravel
• Wikia has a wiki on this subject: Zambia
• Wikimedia Atlas of Zambia
• CIA World Factbook article on Zambia
• US State Department: Zambia
• Community Events and Classifieds Calender

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