Zachary Macaulay (2 May 1768 – 13 May 1838), was a colonial governor, slavery abolitionist and campaigner. Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. Year 1768 ( MDCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola. Year 1838 ( MDCCCXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common As a social-economic system slavery is a legal institution under which a Person (called "a slave" is compelled to work for another Abolitionism was a political movement of the 18th and 19th century which sought to make Slavery illegal particularly in the United States and British West Indies
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Early life
Macaulay was born in Inveraray, Scotland, the son of John Macaulay (1768–1789), a minister of the Church of Scotland and Margaret Campbell. Inveraray ( Inbhir Aora in Gaelic) is a town and former Royal Burgh in Argyll and Bute, Scotland, located on the western shore Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. The Church of Scotland (Eaglais na h-Alba known informally by its Scots language name The Kirk, is the National church of Scotland. Receiving only a rudimentary education, he eventually taught himself Greek and Latin, and read the English classics. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Having worked in a merchant’s office in Glasgow, he fell into bad company and began to indulge in excessive drinking. Glasgow (ˈglæzgoʊ is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom
Career
In late 1784, at the age of sixteen, in order to get his life into some kind of order, Macaulay emigrated to Jamaica, where he worked as an assistant manager at a sugar plantation. Jamaica (ˈdʒəˈmeɪkə} is an Island nation of the Greater Antilles, in length and as much as in width situated in the Caribbean Sea. Fundamentally a plantation is usually a large Farm or estate, especially in a tropical or semitropical country on which Cotton, Tobacco He was at first deeply affected by the horrific violence of the slavery which surrounded him, but eventually became hardened to the plight of the slaves (by his own admission “callous and indifferent”). As a social-economic system slavery is a legal institution under which a Person (called "a slave" is compelled to work for another He was a good worker, had successfully moderated his drinking, and proved himself to be a model bookkeeper. He also, eventually, began to take an interest in the slaves and their welfare.
In 1789 Macaulay returned to Britain and secured a position in London. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. His sister Jean had married Thomas Babington of Rothley Temple, Leicestershire, a country gentleman and ardent evangelical, and soon after Macaulay went to stay with them he began to come under their influence. Thomas Babington (1758-1837 was an English philanthropist and politician Rothley temple is was a Chapel in Rothley Leicestershire associated with the Knights Templar. Leicestershire (ˈlɛstəʃə(r or ˈlɛstəʃɪə(r abbreviation Leics Evangelicalism is a theological movement tradition and system of beliefs most closely associated with Protestant Christianity, which identifies with the Gospel He underwent what he described as a conversion experience, and soon became to know Babington’s associates, among whom were William Wilberforce and Henry Thornton. William Wilberforce (24 August 1759 – 29 July 1833 was a British Politician, a Philanthropist Henry Thornton (1760 &ndash 1815 Economist, Banker, Philanthropist and Parliamentarian, was the son of John Thornton (philanthropist
Sierra Leone
Partly because of his experiences in Jamaica, in 1790 Macaulay was invited to visit Sierra Leone, the west African colony originally founded by Granville Sharp to provide a home for emancipated slaves from the United States who came to Sierra Leone via Nova Scotia. Sierra Leone, officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country in West Africa. This article is about a type of political territory For other uses see Colony (disambiguation. Granville Sharp ( 10 November 1735 - 6 July 1813) was a British campaigner for the abolition of the slave trade, and Emancipation is a term used to describe various efforts to obtain Political rights or equality, often for a specifically Disenfranchised group or more The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Nova Scotia (ˌnəʊvəˈskəʊʃə ( Latin for New Scotland; Alba Nuadh Nouvelle-Écosse is a Canadian province located on Canada 's
Returning to the colony in 1792 as one of the council members, he was promoted to governor in 1794, administering the colony throughout a crucial period of its history. He remained governor until 1799, having successfully repelled an invasion by French revolutionary naval forces. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.
Macaulay married Selina Mills of Bristol (to whom he had been introduced by Hannah More) on 26 August 1799, and they settled in Clapham, Surrey. Bristol ( ˈbrɪstəl is a city, Unitary authority and ceremonial county in South West England, west of London Hannah More ( February 2, 1745 – September 7, 1833) was an English religious writer and philanthropist Events 1071 - Battle of Manzikert: The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine Army at Manzikert. Year 1799 ( MDCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Clapham is an area of South London, England, in the London Borough of Lambeth. Surrey is a county in the South East of England and is one of the Home Counties. They had several children, including the historian, poet and politician Thomas Babington Macaulay. See also History An historian is an individual who studies and writes about History, and is regarded as an Authority on it A poet is a person who writes Poetry. Etymology From the Ancient greek: ποιέω, poieō: "I make or compose" A politician (from Greek " Polis " is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of Politics or a person
Abolitionist
Macaulay became a member of the Society for the Abolition of the Slave Trade, working closely with William Wilberforce, and soon becoming a leading figure in the parliamentary campaign against the slave trade. William Wilberforce (24 August 1759 – 29 July 1833 was a British Politician, a Philanthropist The history of slavery uncovers many different forms of human exploitation across many cultures throughout history He later became secretary of the committee, which became known as the African Institution.
His major contribution was to work on the collection and collating of the huge volume of evidence and drafting of reports – a role to which he was ideally suited as a skilled statistician with a meticulous approach and an exceptional head for figures.
He also became a member of the so-called Clapham Sect of evangelical Christian reformers, together with Wilberforce, Henry Thornton and Edward Eliot, and edited their magazine, the Christian Observer, from 1802 to 1816. The Clapham Sect was an influential group of like-minded Church of England social reformers in England at the beginning of the nineteenth century (active c A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth Henry Thornton (1760 &ndash 1815 Economist, Banker, Philanthropist and Parliamentarian, was the son of John Thornton (philanthropist Edward James Eliot ( August 24 1758 &ndash September 20 1797) Member of Parliament was born in Cornwall, the son of Edward
In the 1820s Macaulay turned his attention towards securing the total abolition of slavery itself. He helped found the Society for the Mitigation and Gradual Abolition of Slavery (later the Anti-Slavery Society) in 1823, and was editor of its publication, the Anti-Slavery Reporter. The Anti-Slavery Society was the everyday name of two different British organizations The Anti-Slavery Reporter was founded in 1825 by Zachary Macaulay (1768-1838 a Scottish Philanthropist who devoted most of his life to the Anti-slavery Through his incessant hard work and reasoned argument, he helped to lay the foundation for the eventual abolition of slavery throughout the British Empire in 1833. The Slavery Abolition Act of 1833 (citation 3 & 4 Will IV c 73 was an 1833 Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom abolishing The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power.
A fellow of the Royal Society, he was also an active supporter of the British and Foreign Bible Society and the Church Missionary Society. The Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge, known simply as The Royal Society, is a Learned society for science that was founded in 1660 The British and Foreign Bible Society, often known in England and Wales as simply as the Bible Society, is a non-denominational Christian charity that exists to make The Church Mission Society, known as the Church Missionary Society in Australia and New Zealand is a group of evangelistic societies working with the Anglican Church
Last days
Ater a period of ill health, Macaulay died in London on 13 May 1838. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola. Year 1838 ( MDCCCXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common A memorial to him was erected in Westminster Abbey, depicting the figure of a kneeling slave with the motto ‘Am I not a Man and a Brother?’
References
- Carey, Brycchan. The Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, which is almost always referred to by its original name of Westminster Abbey, is a large mainly Gothic church British Abolitionism and the Rhetoric of Sensibility: Writing, Sentiment, and Slavery, 1760-1807 (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005)
- Hochschild, Adam. Bury the Chains, The British Struggle to Abolish Slavery (Basingstoke: Pan Macmillan, 2005)
- Oldfield, J. R. Thomas Macaulay in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford: University Press, 2006)
- Stephen, Leslie. Zachary Macaulay in The Dictionary of National Biography, (Oxford: University Press, 1893)
- Stott, Anne. Hannah More – The First Victorian (Oxford: University Press, 2003)
External links
- Macaulay genealogy forum message
- Macaulay genealogy forum message
- Article Macaulay, Zachary (and Macaulay, Aulay) in the Dictionary of Scottish Church History and Theology (Edinburgh, 1993) ISBN 0-567-09650-5
- Negro slavery By Zachary Macaulay. Published in 1824. Cornell University Library Samuel J. May Anti-Slavery Collection. {Reprinted by}Cornell University Library Digital Collections
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