| Zacateco |
|---|
| Total population |
|
Unknown |
| Regions with significant populations |
| Mexico (Zacatecas, Durango), United States (California, Texas, Illinois) |
| Languages |
| Spanish, English |
| Religions |
| Christianity especially Roman Catholic |
| Related ethnic groups |
| Caxcan, Guachichil, Guamare, Pame, Tecuexe |
The Zacatecos (or Zacatecas) were an indigenous people inhabiting part of northern Mexico, one of the peoples called Chichimecas by the Aztecs. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Zacatecas is one of the 31 constituent states of Mexico. It is located in the north-central region and it is bounded to the northwest by Durango Durango (duˈɾaŋgo is one of the constituent States of Mexico. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. The State of Illinois ( roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America, the 21st to be admitted to the Union. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings The Caxcan were a partly nomadic people The Caxcan were allied with the Zacatecos against the Spaniards during the Mixtón Rebellion During the rebellion Of all the Chichimeca natives the Guachichiles occupied the most extensive territory The Guamares were an indigenous group that were concentrated in the region of the present state of Guanajuato. The Pames are an indigenous people of central Mexico living in the state of San Luis Potosí. The Tecuexe were an indigenous group found in the eastern part of present day Guadalajara, Mexico History It is believed that the Tecuexe derived from the dispersion The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Chichimeca was the name that the Nahuas generically applied to a wide range of semi- Nomadic peoples who inhabited the north of modern-day Mexico, and carried Aztec is a term used to refer to certain ethnic groups of central Mexico, particularly those groups who spoke the Nahuatl language and who achieved political They lived in most of what is now the state of Zacatecas and the northeastern part of Durango. Zacatecas is one of the 31 constituent states of Mexico. It is located in the north-central region and it is bounded to the northwest by Durango Durango (duˈɾaŋgo is one of the constituent States of Mexico. They have many direct descendants, but most of their culture and traditions have disappeared with time. Large concentrations of direct descendants currently reside in Zacatecas and Durango, as well as large cities of the United States, most notably; Los Angeles, Dallas, and Chicago. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States.
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Name
"Zacateco" is a Mexican Spanish derivation from the original Nahuatl Zacatec, pluralized in early Mexican Spanish as Zacatecas, the name given to the state and city. Mexican Spanish ( español mexicano in Spanish is the Spanish language as it is spoken in Mexico. Nahuatl ( is a group of related languages and dialects of the Aztecan or Nahuan branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family The name was given by the Aztecs to the people inhabiting a region in which a grass they called the zacatl was abundant. The region was thus called Zacatlan by the Aztecs.
History
Before the arrival of the Spanish, the Zacatec and Guachichil nations were great enemies in constant war with each other over food and boundaries. They later set aside their differences and became friends to wage war against the Spaniards.
The Mixtón Rebellion
- Main article: The Mixtón Rebellion
The Chichimeca War
- Main article: The Chichimeca War
Geography
To the east and north they overlapped lands with the Guachichiles. After the conquest of Mesoamerica, the Spaniards sent various expeditions to explore La Gran Chichimeca. Nine years after the Mixtón Rebellion, the Chichimeca War officially began Of all the Chichimeca natives the Guachichiles occupied the most extensive territory They extended to border the Tepehuanes to the west near Durango. The Tepehuán ( Tepehuanes or Tepehuanos) are an indigenous ethnic group in northwest Mexico whose villages at the time of Spanish conquest spanned a large territory To the north their land bordered that of the Irritilas or Laguna tribes, up to were Cuencamé and Parras are located. Laguna Pueblo or Pueblo of Laguna ( Western Keres: Kawaik) is a Native American tribe of the Pueblo people in west-central New Mexico USA Cuencamé is a small city in the state of Durango, which is in northern Mexico. Their principal population centers were in Malpaís, around Peñol Blanco, and around El Cerro de la Bufa.
Culture
Way of Life
Most Zacatecos were nomadic, although a few groups were essentially sedentary. Both men and women wore their hair down to their waist. Some Chichimeca tribes wore their head braided, but it is unspecified if any Zacatec tribes did so. Earrings and collars were occasionally used. They used body markings by paint and tattooing to distinguish themselves from other tribes. Zacatecos were known to wear skin coverings below their knees and skin headbands on their foreheads. Occasionally they wore leather-soled sandals. They were "graceful, strong, robust and beardless". Juan Bautista de Pomar once said "In the opinion of men experienced in foreign lands, the Zacatecos are the best archers in the world"
Religion
The Zacatecos are not known to have built temples. Juan Bautista de Pomar (c 1535 &ndash 1590 was a historian and writer interested in Pre-Columbian Aztec history Their only known deities were the sun, moon and certain stars. They rendered them tribute with flowers, weeds, aromatic herbs and dancing. Although they were a nomadic tribe, they did not sacrifice human lives.
Conclusion
The Zacatecos as a culture have vanished or faded, due to assimilation and mestizaje of the Mexican people. Mestizo is a Spanish term that was coined during the Spanish Empire to refer to people of mixed European and Amerindian ancestry in Latin Another factor being the emigration of their descendants from Mexico unto the United States and the assimilation they take there. However many of their direct descendants still live in large concentrations in central Mexico. Taking all this into account, it is extremely difficult to even approximate the population of their descendants. It is equally hard to elaborate on their culture, language, art, and traditions.
References
- Powell, Philip Wayne. Soldiers, Indians, & Silver: The Northward Advance of New Spain, 1550-1600. Berkely, California: University of California Press, 1969.
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