Yuri Valentinovich Knorozov (alternatively, Knorosov; Russian Юрий Валентинович Кнорозов; b. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages November 19, 1922 — d. Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. March 31, 1999) was a Russian linguist, epigrapher and ethnographer, who is particularly renowned for the pivotal role his research played in the decipherment of the Maya script, the writing system used by the pre-Columbian Maya civilization of Mesoamerica. Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Linguistics is the scientific study of Language, encompassing a number of sub-fields Epigraphy (ἐπιγραφολογία from Greek ἐπιγραφή — "inscription" is the study of inscriptions or epigraphs engraved Ethnography ( Greek ethnos = people and graphein = writing is a genre of writing that uses Fieldwork to provide a descriptive The Maya script, also known as Maya hieroglyphs, was the writing system of the Pre-Columbian Maya civilization of Mesoamerica, presently A writing system is a type of Symbolic system used to represent elements or statements expressible in Language. The pre-Columbian era incorporates all period subdivisions in the history and prehistory of the Americas before the appearance of significant European influences The Maya civilization is a Mesoamerican Civilization, noted for the only known fully developed written language of the Pre-Columbian Americas Mesoamerica or Meso-America (Mesoamérica is a Region extending approximately from central Mexico to Honduras and Nicaragua, defined

Early life

Knorozov was born in a village near Kharkov in present-day Ukraine, at that time the capital of the newly formed Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. Kharkiv or Kharkov (Харків Харьков is the second largest city in Ukraine. Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic or the Ukrainian SSR was one of the 15 constituent republics that made up the Former Soviet Union from its ^[1] His parents were Russian intellectuals, and his paternal grandmother had been a stage actress of national repute in Armenia. The Russian people (Русские— Russkie) are an East Slavic Ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries Armenia (Հայաստան transliterated: Hayastan,) officially the Republic of Armenia (Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն Hayastani ^[2]

At school, the young Yuri was a difficult and somewhat eccentric student, who made indifferent progress in a number of subjects and was almost expelled for poor and wilful behaviour. However, it became clear that he was academically bright with an inquisitive temperament; he was an accomplished violinist, wrote romantic poetry and could draw with accuracy and attention to detail. ^[3]

In 1940 at the age of 17, Knorozov left Kharkov for Moscow where he commenced undergraduate studies in the newly created Department of Ethnology at Moscow State University's faculty of History. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Ethnology (from the Greek ἔθνος, ethnos meaning "habit custom convention" is the branch of Anthropology that compares and He initially specialised in Egyptology. Egyptology (from Egypt and Greek grc -λογία -logia. علم المصريات مصر شناسی is a major field of Archaeology ^[4]

Military service and the "Berlin Affair"

Knorozov's study plans were soon interrupted by the outbreak of World War II hostilities along the Eastern Front in mid-1941. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including From 1943 to 1945 Knorozov served his term in the Soviet Union's "Great Patriotic War" in the Red Army as an artillery spotter. The term Great Patriotic War (Великая Отечественная война Velikaya Otechestvennaya Vojna) is used in Russia and some other The Red Army ( Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия R aboche- K rest'yanskaya K rasnaya A rmiya An artillery observer is a soldier responsible for directing Artillery fire and Close air support (ground attack by aircraft onto enemy positions ^[5]

At the closing stages of the war in May 1945, Knorozov and his unit supported the push of the Red Army vanguard into Berlin. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. It was here, sometime in the aftermath of the Battle of Berlin, that Knorozov is supposed to have by chance retrieved a book which would spark his later interest in and association with deciphering the Maya script. For the bombing campaign on Berlin by the RAF from November 1943 to March 1944 see Battle of Berlin (air. The Maya script, also known as Maya hieroglyphs, was the writing system of the Pre-Columbian Maya civilization of Mesoamerica, presently In their retelling the details of this episode have acquired a somewhat folkloric quality (". . . one of the greatest legends of the history of Maya research"; Kettunen 1998b).

According to the version of the anecdote which became widely reproduced (particularly following the 1992 publication of Michael Coe's Breaking the Maya Code^[6] ), while stationed in Berlin he came across the National Library while it was ablaze. Somehow Knorozov managed to retrieve from the burning library a book, which remarkably enough turned out to be a rare edition containing reproductions of the three Maya codices which were then known (the Dresden, Madrid and Paris codices). Maya codices (singular Codex) are folding Books stemming from the Pre-Columbian Maya civilization, written in Maya hieroglyphic Maya codices (singular Codex) are folding Books stemming from the Pre-Columbian Maya civilization, written in Maya hieroglyphic Maya codices (singular Codex) are folding Books stemming from the Pre-Columbian Maya civilization, written in Maya hieroglyphic Maya codices (singular Codex) are folding Books stemming from the Pre-Columbian Maya civilization, written in Maya hieroglyphic ^[7] Knorozov is said to have taken this book back with him to Moscow at the end of the war, where its examination would form the basis for his later pioneering research into the Maya script.

However, in an interview conducted a year before his death, Knorozov provided a different version of the anecdote. He explained (Kettunen 1998a, 1998b) that:

Inner courtyard of the Preußische Staatsbibliothek (2005)

"Unfortunately it was a misunderstanding: I told about it [finding the books in the library in Berlin] to my colleague Michael Coe, but he didn't get it right. There simply wasn't any fire in the library. And the books that were in the library, were in boxes to be sent somewhere else. The fascist command had packed them, and since they didn't have time to move them anywhere, they were simply taken to Moscow. I didn't see any fire there. "

The "National Library" mentioned in these accounts is not specifically identified by name, but at the time the library then known as the Preußische Staatsbibliothek (Prussian State Library) had that function. Situated on Unter den Linden and today known as the Berlin State Library (Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin), this was the largest scientific library of Germany. Unter den Linden ("under the linden trees" is a Boulevard in the centre of Berlin, the capital of Germany. The Berlin State Library (Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin is a library in Berlin, Germany and a property of the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation. During the war, most of its collection had been dispersed over some 30 separate storage places across the country for safe-keeping. After the war much of the collection was returned to the library, however a substantial number of volumes which had been sent for storage in the eastern part of the country were never recovered, with upwards of 350,000 volumes destroyed and a further 300,000 missing. Of these, many ended up in Soviet and Polish library collections, and in particular at the Russian State Library in Moscow. Not to be confused with the Russian National Library, located in St Petersburg. ^[8]

Resumption of studies

In the autumn of 1945 after the war, Knorozov returned to Moscow State University to complete his undergraduate courses at the department of Ethnography. He resumed his research into Egyptology, and also undertook comparative cultural studies in other fields such as Sinology. Egyptology (from Egypt and Greek grc -λογία -logia. علم المصريات مصر شناسی is a major field of Archaeology Sinology in general use is the study of China and things related to China but especially in the American academic context refers more strictly to the study of classical language He displayed a particular interest and aptitude for the study of ancient languages and writing systems, especially hieroglyphs, and he also read in medieval Japanese and Arabic literature. A writing system is a type of Symbolic system used to represent elements or statements expressible in Language. Egyptian hieroglyphs (ˈhaɪərəʊɡlɪf from Greek grc-Grek ἱερογλύφος " sacred carving " also hieroglyphic = grc-Grek ^[9]

While still an undergraduate at MSU, Knorozov found work at the N.N. Miklukho-Maklai Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology^[10] (or IEA), part of the prestigious Academy of Sciences of the USSR. NN Miklukho-Maklai Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology (Институт этнологии и антропологии им The Russian Academy of Sciences (Российская Академия Наук Rossi'iskaya Akade'miya Nau'k, shortened to PAH RAN) consists of the National Knorozov's later research findings would be published by the IEA under its imprint.

As part of his ethnographic curriculum Knorozov spent several months as a member of a field expedition to the Central Asian Russian republics of the Uzbek and Turkmen SSRs (what had formerly been the Khorezm SSR, and would much later become the independent nations of Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan following the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union). Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east and from southern Russia in the north to northern Pakistan in the south The Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (Ўзбекистон Совет Социалистик Республикаси O`zbekiston Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikasi; Узбекская The Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (Түркменистан Совет Социалистик Республикасы Türkmenistan Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikasy; Khorezm People's Soviet Republic (Хорезмская Народная Советская Республика was created as the successor to the Khanate of Khiva in Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan ( Uzbek: O‘zbekiston Respublikasi or Ўзбекистон Республикаси is a doubly Turkmenistan ( Türkmenistan; also known as Turkmenia) is a Turkic country in Central Asia. On this expedition his ostensible focus was to study the effects of Russian expansionary activities and "modern" developments upon the nomadic ethnic groups, of what was a far-flung frontier world of the Soviet state.

At this point the focus of his research had not yet been drawn on the Maya script. This would change in 1947, when at the instigation of his professor, Knorozov wrote his dissertation on the "de Landa alphabet", a record produced by the 16th century Spanish Bishop Diego de Landa in which he claimed to have transliterated the Spanish alphabet into corresponding Maya hieroglyphs, based on input from Maya informants. The de Landa alphabet is the correspondence of Spanish letters and Glyphs written in the Pre-Columbian Maya script, which the 16th century Bishop Diego de Landa Calderón ( 12 November, 1524 &ndash 1579 was Bishop of Yucatán. The Maya peoples constitute a diverse range of the Native American peoples of southern Mexico and northern Central America. De Landa, who during his posting to Yucatán had overseen the destruction of all the codices from the Maya civilization he could find, reproduced his alphabet in a work (Relación de las Cosas de Yucatán) intended to justify his actions once he had been placed on trial when recalled to Spain. Yucatán is one of the 31 states of Mexico, located on the north of the Yucatán Peninsula. The Maya civilization is a Mesoamerican Civilization, noted for the only known fully developed written language of the Pre-Columbian Americas The original document had disappeared, and this work was unknown until 1862 when an abridged copy was discovered in the archives of the Spanish Royal Academy by the French scholar, Charles Etienne Brasseur de Bourbourg. Year 1862 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Monday Abbé Charles-Étienne Brasseur de Bourbourg (8 September 1814 &ndash 8 January 1874 was a noted French writer Ethnographer, Historian and

Since de Landa's "alphabet" seemed to be contradictory and unclear (e. g. , multiple variations were given for some of the letters, and some of the symbols were not known in the surviving inscriptions), previous attempts to use this as a key for deciphering the Maya writing system had not been successful.

Key research

the page from Diego de Landa's Relación de las Cosas de Yucatán (1853 edition by Brasseur de Bourbourg), which contained description of the de Landa alphabet which Knorozov relied upon for his breakthrough. Diego de Landa Calderón ( 12 November, 1524 &ndash 1579 was Bishop of Yucatán. Abbé Charles-Étienne Brasseur de Bourbourg (8 September 1814 &ndash 8 January 1874 was a noted French writer Ethnographer, Historian and The de Landa alphabet is the correspondence of Spanish letters and Glyphs written in the Pre-Columbian Maya script, which the 16th century Bishop

In 1952 Knorozov published a paper which was later to prove to be a seminal work in the field (Drevnyaya pis’mennost’ Tsentral’noy Ameriki, or "Ancient Writing of Central America". Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ) The general thesis of this paper put forward the observation that early scripts such as ancient Egyptian and Cuneiform which were generally or formerly thought to be predominantly logographic or even purely ideographic in nature, in fact contained a significant phonetic component. A writing system is a type of Symbolic system used to represent elements or statements expressible in Language. Egyptian hieroglyphs (ˈhaɪərəʊɡlɪf from Greek grc-Grek ἱερογλύφος " sacred carving " also hieroglyphic = grc-Grek A logogram, or logograph, is a Grapheme which represents a word or a Morpheme (a meaningful unit of language An ideogram or ideograph (from Greek idea "idea" + grafo "to write" is a Graphic symbol that represents an Idea Phonetics (from the Greek φωνή ( phonê) "sound" or "voice" is the study of the physical sounds of human speech That is to say, rather than the symbols representing only or mainly whole words or concepts, many symbols in fact represented the sound elements of the language in which they were written, and had alphabetic or syllabic elements as well, which if understood could further their decipherment. In Typography, a grapheme is the fundamental unit in written language. An alphabet is a standardized set of letters basic written symbols each of which roughly represents a Phoneme, a Spoken language, either A syllabary is a set of written symbols that represent (or approximate Syllables which make up Words A symbol in a syllabary typically represents an optional By this time, this was largely known and accepted for several of these, such as Egyptian hieroglyphs (the decipherment of which was famously commenced by Jean-François Champollion in 1822 using the tri-lingual Rosetta Stone artefact); however the prevailing view was that Mayan did not have such features. Jean-François Champollion ( 23 December 1790 – 4 March 1832) was a French classical scholar, philologist Year 1822 (MDCCCXXII was a Common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Sunday of the The Rosetta Stone is an Ancient Egyptian artifact (حجر رشيد in Arabic which was instrumental in advancing modern understanding of hieroglyphic writing Knorozov's studies in comparative linguistics drew him to the conclusion that the Mayan script should be no different from the others, and that purely logographic or ideographic scripts were not actually so.

Knorozov's key insight was to treat the Maya glyphs represented in de Landa's alphabet not as an alphabet, but rather as a syllabary. He was perhaps not the first to propose a syllabic basis for the script, but his arguments and evidence were the most compelling to date. He maintained that when de Landa had commanded of his informant to write the equivalent of the Spanish letter "b" (for example), the Maya scribe actually produced the glyph which corresponded to the syllable, /bay/, as spoken by de Landa. Knorozov did not actually put forward many new transcriptions based on his analysis, nevertheless he maintained that this approach was the key to understanding the script. In effect, the de Landa "alphabet" was to become almost the "Rosetta stone" of Mayan decipherment.

A further critical principle put forward by Knorozov was that of synharmony. According to this, Mayan words or syllables which had the form consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) were often to be represented by two glyphs, each representing a CV-syllable (i. e. , CV-CV). In the reading, the vowel of the second was meant to be ignored, leaving the reading (CVC) as intended. The principle also stated that when choosing the second CV glyph, it would be one where the vowel sound matched that of the first glyph syllable. Later analysis has proved this to be largely correct.

Critical reactions to his work

Upon the publication of this work from a then hardly known scholar, Knorozov and his thesis came under some severe and at times dismissive criticism. J. Eric S. Thompson, the noted British scholar regarded by all as the leading Mayanist of his day, led the attack. For other persons named Eric Thompson see Eric Thompson (disambiguation. Mayanist is a term which has been in widespread use from the late 19th century onwards to refer to scholars who have specialised in research and study of the Central American Thompson's views at that time were solidly anti-phonetic, and his own large body of detailed research had already fleshed-out a view that the Maya inscriptions did not record their actual history, and that the glyphs were founded on ideographic principles. An ideogram or ideograph (from Greek idea "idea" + grafo "to write" is a Graphic symbol that represents an Idea His view was the prevailing one in the field, and many other scholars followed suit.

The situation was further complicated by Knorozov's paper appearing during the height of the Cold War, and many were able to dismiss his paper as being founded on misguided Marxist-Leninist ideology and polemic. Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the Marxism is the political philosophy and practice derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Leninism refers to various related political and economic theories elaborated by Bolshevik revolutionary leader Vladimir Lenin. Indeed, in keeping with the mandatory practices of the time, Knorozov's paper was prefaced by a foreword written by the journal's editor which contained digressions and propagandist comments extolling the State-sponsored approach by which Knorozov had succeeded where Western scholarship had failed. However, despite claims to the contrary by several of Knorozov's detractors, Knorozov himself never did include such polemic in his writings.

Knorozov persisted with his publications in spite of the criticism and rejection of many Mayanists of the time. He was perhaps shielded to some extent from the ramifications of peer disputation, since his position and standing at the institute was not adversely influenced by criticism from Western academics.

Progress of decipherment

A major role in deciphering mayan hieroglyphic writing was played by Yuri Knorozov. ^[11] He further improved his decipherment technique, proposed in 1952, in his 1963 monograph "The Writing of the Maya Indians"^[12] and published translations of mayan manuscripts in his 1975 work "Maya Hieroglyphic Manuscripts". A monograph ( Classical Greek, "One Writer" or "Single Writing") is a work of writing upon a single subject usually also by a single

During the 1960s, other Mayanists and researchers began to expand upon Knorozov's ideas. Their further field-work and examination of the extant inscriptions began to indicate that actual Maya history was recorded in the stelae inscriptions, and not just calendric and astronomical information. A stele (from Greek:, stēlē, ˈstiːli plural stelae,, stēlai, ˈstiːlaɪ also found Latinised singular stela The Maya calendar is a system of distinct Calendars and Almanacs used by the Maya civilization of Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica, and by Astronomy (from the Greek words astron (ἄστρον "star" and nomos (νόμος "law" is the scientific study The Russian-born but American-resident scholar Tatiana Proskouriakoff was foremost in this work, eventually convincing Thompson and other doubters that historical events were recorded in the script. Tatiana Avenirovna Proskouriakoff ( January 23, 1909 – August 30, 1985) was a Russian-American Mayanist scholar and

Other early supporters of the phonetic approach championed by Knorozov included Michael D. Coe and David Kelley, and whilst initially they were in a clear minority, more and more supporters came to this view as further evidence and research progressed. Michael D Coe (born 1929 is an American Archaeologist, Anthropologist, epigrapher and Author. For the American television and film producer see David E Kelley.

Through the rest of the decade and into the next, Proskouriakoff and others continued to develop the theme, and using Knorozov's results and other approaches began to piece together some decipherments of the script. A major breakthrough came during the first round table or Mesa Redonda conference at the Maya site of Palenque in 1973, when using the syllabic approach those present (mostly) deciphered what turned out to be a list of former rulers of that particular Maya city-state. Mesa Redonda Internacional (in English International Round Table) is a Cuban television program broadcast by Cubavision International. Palenque ( Bàak' in Modern Maya) is a Maya archeological site near the Usumacinta River in the Mexican state of Chiapas Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar.

Subsequent decades saw many further such advances, to the point now where quite a significant portion of the surviving inscriptions can be read. Most Mayanists and accounts of the decipherment history apportion much of the credit to the impetus and insight provided by Knorozov's contributions, to a man who had not as yet set foot outside of his native Russia, but had still been able to make important contributions to the understanding of this distant, ancient civilisation.

Later life

As his theories became more widely known, Knorozov was in 1956 granted leave to attend an international convention of Mesoamerican scholars in Copenhagen. Copenhagen (ˌkəʊpənˈheɪgən ˌkəʊpənˈhɑːgən ˈkəʊpənˌheɪgən ˈkəʊpənˌhɑːgən kʰøb̥ənˈhɑʊ̯ˀn kʰøb̥m̩ˈhɑʊ̯ˀn is the capital and largest city This was to be his one and only venture outside the Soviet Union for quite some time, since as a Soviet academic, Knorozov was subject to the usual restrictions placed on travel outside of the Soviet Union. A soviet (сове́т, "council" originally was a workers' local council in late Imperial Russia. Over subsequent years western Mayanists needed to travel to Leningrad to meet up with him. It was not until 1990 that he was eventually able to leave Russia again and finally visit the ancient Maya homelands and archaeological sites in Mexico and Guatemala. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Guatemala (República de Guatemala) is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west the Pacific Ocean to the southwest This was at the invitation of the Guatemalan President Marco Vinicio Cerezo Arévalo, at a time of improved diplomatic relations between the two countries. Marco Vinicio Cerezo Arévalo (born 26 December 1942) is a Guatemalan politician Cerezo presented him with an honorary medal, and Knorozov was able to extend his stay in the region, visiting several of the important Maya sites such as Tikal. Tikal (or Tik’al, according to the more current orthography is the largest of the ancient ruined cities of the Mayan civilization. However, shortly after Vinicio Cerezo left office, Knorozov received threats from suspected right-wing militarist groups who were antagonistic to the indigenous Mayan peoples, and was forced to go into hiding and then leave the country.

The Government of Mexico awarded him the prestigious Orden del Águila Azteca (Order of the Aztec Eagle), the highest decoration awarded by Mexico to non-citizens, which was presented to him at a ceremony at the Mexican Embassy in Moscow on November 30, 1994. The Order of the Aztec Eagle (Orden del Águila Azteca is the highest decoration awarded to foreigners in Mexico. Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar)

Knorozov had broad interest in, and contributed to, other investigative fields such as archaeology, semiotics, human migration to the Americas and the evolution of the mind. However, it is his contributions to the field of Maya studies for which he is best remembered.

In his very last years, Knorozov is also known to have pointed to a place in the United States as the likely location of Chicomoztoc, the ancestral land from which --according to ancient documents and accounts considered mythical by a sizable number of scholars-- Indian peoples now living in Mexico are said to have come. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Chicomoztoc is the name for the mythical origin place of the Aztec Mexicas Tepanecs Acolhuas and other Nahuatl -speaking peoples (or Nahuas The word mythology (from the Greek grc μυθολογία mythología, meaning "a story-telling a legendary lore"

Knorozov died in St. Petersburg on March 31, 1999, of pneumonia in the corridors of a city hospital, just before he was due to receive the honorary Proskouriakoff Award from Harvard University. Pneumonia is an inflammatory illness of the Lung. Frequently it is described as lung Parenchyma / alveolar inflammation and abnormal

List of publications

An incomplete listing of Knorozov's papers, conference reports and other publications, divided by subject area and type. Note that several of those listed are re-editions and/or translations of earlier papers. ^[13]

Maya-related

Conference papers

• (1955) "A brief summary of the studies of the ancient Maya hieroglyphic writing in the Soviet Union". Reports of the Soviet Delegations at the 10th International Congress of Historical Science in Rome, (Authorized English translation), Moscow: Akademia Nauk SSSR.  
• (1956) "Kratkie itogi izucheniia drevnei pis'mennosti malia v Sovetskom Soiuze". Proceedings of the International Congress of Historical Sciences (Rome, 1955): pp. 343–364.  
• (1958) "New data on the Maya written language". Proc. 32nd International Congress of Americanists, (Copenhagen, 1956): pp. 467–475.  
• (1959) "La lengua de los textos jeroglificos mayas". Proceedings of the International Congress of Americanists (33rd session, San José, 1958): pp. 573–579.  
• (1970) "Le Panthéon des anciens Maya". Proceedings of the International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences (7th session, Moscow, 1964). : pp. 126–232.  

Journal articles

• "Drevnyaya pis’mennost’ Tsentral’noy Ameriki. (Ancient Writings of Central America)" (1952). Sovetskaya Etnografiya 3 (2): pp. 100–118.  
• "Pis'mennost drevnikh maiia. (Written Language of the Ancient Maya)" (1955). Sovetskaya Etnografiya 1: pp. 94–125.  
• "New data on the Maya written language" (1956). Journal de la Société des Américanistes de Paris 45: pp. 209–217.  
• "Estudio de los jeroglíficos mayas en la U. R. S. S. (The Study of Maya hieroglyphics in the USSR)" (1958). Khana, Revista municipal de artes y letras (La Paz, Bolivia) 2 (17-18): pp. 183–189.  
• "The problem of the study of the Maya hieroglyphic writing" (1958). American Antiquity 23 (3): pp. 248–291.  
• "Problem of deciphering Mayan writing" (1962). Diogènes (Montreal) 40: pp. 122–128.  
• "Machine decipherment of Maya script" (1963). Soviet Anthropology and Archeology 1 (3): pp. 43–50.  
• "Aplicación de las matematicas al estudio lingüistico (Application of mathematics to linguistic studies)" (1963). Estudios de Cultura Maya (Mexico City) 3: pp. 169–185.  
• "Principios para descifrar los escritos mayas. (Principles for deciphering Maya writing)" (1965). Estudios de Cultura Maya (Mexico City) 5: pp. 153–188.  
• "Investigación formal de los textos jeroglíficos mayas. (Formal investigations of Maya hieroglyphic texts)" (1968). Estudios de Cultura Maya (Mexico City) 7: pp. 153–188.  
• "Zametki o kaldare Maia: 365-dnevnyi god" (1973). Sovetskaya Etnografiya 1: pp. 70–80.  
• "Notas sobre el calendario maya; el monumento E de Tres Zapotes" (1974). América Latina; estudios de científicos soviéticos 3: pp. 125–140.  
• "Acerca de las relaciones precolombinas entre América y el Viejo Mundo" (1986). América Latina; estudios de científicos soviéticos 1: pp. 84–98.  

Books

• (1954) La antigua escritura de los pueblos de America Central. Fondo de Cultura Popular.  
• (1955) Sistema Pis'ma Drevnikh Maiia. Moscow: Institut Etnografii, Akademia Nauk USSR.  
• (1956) Diego de Landa: Soobshchenie o delakh v Yukatani, 1566. Moscow: Akademia Nauk USSR.   (Knorozov's doctoral dissertation)
• (1963) Pis'mennost Indeitsev Maiia. Moscow-Leningrad: Institut Etnografii, Akademia Nauk USSR.  
• (1967) "The Writing of the Maya Indians", in Tatiana Proskouriakoff (Ed. Tatiana Avenirovna Proskouriakoff ( January 23, 1909 – August 30, 1985) was a Russian-American Mayanist scholar and ): Russian Translation Series 4, Sophie Coe (trans. ), Cambridge MA. : Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology. The Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology is a Museum affiliated with Harvard University in Cambridge Massachusetts.  
• (1975) Ieroglificheskie Rukopisi Maiia. Leningrad: Institut Etnografii, Akademia Nauk USSR.  
• (1982) Maya Hieroglyphic Codices, Sophie Coe (trans. ), Albany NY. : Institute for Mesoamerican Studies.  
• (1999) "Comendio Xcaret de la escritura jeroglifica maya descifrada por Yuri V. Knorosov", Promotora Xcaret. Mexico City: Universidad de Quintana Roo.  
• (2001) "New data on the Maya written language", in Stephen Houston, Oswaldo Chinchilla Mazariegos and David Stuart, eds: The Decipherment of Ancient Maya Writing. Norman OK. : University of Oklahoma Press, pp. 144-152.  

Others

• "Preliminary Report on the Study of the Written Language of Easter Island" (1957). Journal of the Polynesian Society 66 (1): pp. 5–17.   (on the Rongorongo script, with N. Rongorongo (ˈrɒŋɡoʊˈrɒŋɡoʊ in English in Rapa Nui) is a system of Glyphs discovered in the 19th century on Easter Island that appears to be A. Butinov)
• (1965) in Yuri Knorozov (ed. ): Predvaritel’noe soobshchenie ob issledovanii protoindiyskikh textov. Moscow: Institut Etnografii, Akademia Nauk USSR.   (Collated results of a research team under Knorozov investigating the Harappan script, with the use of computers)
• "Protoindiyskie nadpisi (k probleme deshifrovki)" (1981). The term Indus script (Harappan script refers to short strings of symbols associated with the Harappan civilization ( Indus Valley Sovetskaya Etnografiya 5 (2): pp. 47–71.   (on the Harappan script of the Indus Valley civilization)

See also

• Maya script
• Epigraphy
• J. Eric S. Thompson
• Tatiana Proskouriakoff

Notes

References