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Young-adult fiction (often abbreviated as YA fiction, or simply YA) is fiction written for, published for, or marketed to adolescents, roughly ages 12 to 18. Fiction is the telling of stories which are not real More specifically fiction is an imaginative form of Narrative, one of the four basic Rhetorical modes.

Contents

Characteristics

Young-adult fiction, whether in the form of novels or short stories, has distinct attributes that distinguish it from the other age categories of fiction: adult fiction, middle grade fiction, and children's fiction. Children's literature is an age category of literature written for published for or marketed to Children roughly through age 12 The vast majority of YA stories portray an adolescent as the protagonist, rather than an adult or a child. The Protagonist or main character is the central figure of a story. The subject matter and story lines are typically consistent with the age and experience of the main character, but beyond that YA stories span the entire spectrum of fiction genres. A genre (ˈʒɑːnrə also /ˈdʒɑːnrə/ from French "kind" or "sort" from Latin: genus (stem gener-) is a loose set The settings of YA stories are limited only by the imagination and skill of the author. Themes in YA stories often focus on the challenges of youth, so much so that the entire age category is sometimes referred to as problem novels or coming of age novel . Problem novel is a term used to refer to a sub- Genre of Young adult literature that deal exclusively with an adolescent's first confrontation with a social or personal Coming of age is a young person's transition from Adolescence to Adulthood The age at which this transition takes place varies in society as does the nature Writing styles of YA stories range widely, from the richness of literary style to the clarity and speed of the unobtrusive. Despite its unique characteristics, YA shares the fundamental elements of fiction with other stories: character, plot, setting, theme, and style. [1]

History of YA

The first recognition of young adults as a distinct group was by Sarah Trimmer, who in 1802 described "young adulthood" as lasting from ages 14 to 21. Sarah Trimmer ( Née Kirby (6 January 1741 &ndash 15 December 1810 was a noted writer and critic of British Children's literature in the eighteenth Year 1802 ( MDCCCII) was a Common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting on Wednesday of the In her self-founded children's literature periodical, The Guardian of Education, Trimmer introduced the terms "Books for Children" (for those under fourteen) and "Books for Young Persons" (for those between fourteen and twenty-one), establishing terms of reference for young adult literature that remain in use today[1]. The Guardian of Education (June 1802 &ndash September 1806 was the first successful periodical dedicated to reviewing Children's literature in Britain However, nineteenth-century publishers didn't specifically market to young readers, and adolescent culture didn't exist in a modern sense. Publishing is the process of production and dissemination of Literature or Information &ndash the activity of making information available for public view Nonetheless, there were books published in the nineteenth century that appealed to young readers (Garland 1998, p. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar  6):


Examples of other novels that predate the young-adult classification, but that are now frequently presented alongside YA novels are (Garland 1998, p.  6):

In the 1950s, shortly before the advent of modern publishing for the teen market, two novels drew the attention of adolescent readers: The Catcher in the Rye (1951), and Lord of the Flies (1954). Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm is a classic American 1903 Children's novel by Kate Douglas Wiggin. Year 1903 ( MCMIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting Anne of Green Gables is a book by Canadian author Lucy Maud Montgomery published in 1908 Year 1908 ( MCMVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The Secret Garden is a Novel by Frances Hodgson Burnett, first published in 1909. Year 1909 ( MCMIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting The Yearling is a 1938 novel written by Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings. Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. My Friend Flicka is a 1941 novel by Mary O'Hara, about Ken McLaughlin the son of a Wyoming Rancher, and his Horse Flicka Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Johnny Tremain, a 1943 children's Novel by Esther Forbes, retells in narrative form the final years in Boston Massachusetts, Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. The Catcher in the Rye is a Novel by J D Salinger. First published in the United States in 1951 the novel has been a frequently Lord of the Flies is an allegorical Novel by Nobel Prize -winning author William Golding. Unlike more-recent fiction classified as YA, these two were written with an adult audience in mind. [FitzGerald 2004, p. 62]

The modern classification of young-adult fiction originated during the 1950s and 1960s, especially after the publication of Hinton's "The Outsiders. " This book focused on a group of teens not yet represented and instead of having the nostalgic tone that was typical in young adult books written by adults, it displayed a truer, darker side of young adult life because it was written by a young adult.

As publishers began to focus on the emerging adolescent market, booksellers and libraries, in turn, began creating YA sections distinct from either children's literature or novels written for adults. Children's literature is an age category of literature written for published for or marketed to Children roughly through age 12 For the 2008 British film by Noel Clarke see Adulthood (film.

Edgy content

From its very beginning, young-adult fiction has portrayed teens confronting situations and social issues that have pushed the edge of then-acceptable content. Such novels and their content are sometimes referred to as "edgy. "

In particular, authors and publishers have repeatedly pushed the boundaries of what was previously considered acceptable regarding human sexuality. Generally speaking human sexuality is how people experience and express themselves as sexual beings Examples include:

YA novels currently in print include content about peer pressure, illness, divorce, drugs, gangs, crime, violence, sexuality, incest, oral sex, and female/male rape. Beverly Cleary (born April 12 1916) is an American author from Oregon. Judy Blume (born Judy Sussman on February 12, 1938) is a popular American Author. Forever is a 1975 Novel by Judy Blume dealing with teenage sexuality Nancy Garden (born May 15, 1938 in Boston Massachusetts) is an American Author of children's and young adult literature Annie On My Mind is a 1982 novel by Nancy Garden about the romantic relationship between two 17-year-old New York City girls Annie and Cynthia Voigt (1942 -) is an American author of books for young adults dealing with various topics such as fantasy mystery racism and child abuse " Beauty Queen " is the second song from Roxy Music 's second album For Your Pleasure. Laurie Halse (rhymes with " Waltz " Anderson (born October 23, 1961) is a U Speak is a 1999 Novel by Laurie Halse Anderson about a Teenager named Melinda Sordino. Stephen Chbosky' (born January 25, 1970) is an American novelist, Screenwriter, and Film director best known The Perks of Being a Wallflower is an Epistolary novel written in the 1990s by American novelist Stephen Chbosky. Sarah Dessen (born June 6 1970) is an American Writer for young adults, who lives and teaches in Chapel Hill, Alex Flinn (born October 23, 1966 in Glen Cove New York) is an Author of novels for young adults Alex Sánchez is a Mexican-American Author of award-winning novels for teens and adults Rainbow Boys is the first novel in a trilogy by Alex Sanchez, focusing on the issues gay and questioning youth face as they come of age Alice Hoffman (born March 16, 1952) is an American Novelist and young-adult and children's writer, best known for her Green Angel is a 2003 Young adult novel written by Alice Hoffman. The First Part Last, a young adult novel by Angela Johnson, deals with the subject of Teen pregnancy. Luna is a young adult novel by Julie Anne Peters, and was first published in 2004. Chris Crutcher is a contemporary American fiction Writer and a family therapist Staying Fat For Sarah Byrnes is a Coming of age novel by young adult writer Chris Crutcher. Robert Thomas could refer to Rob Thomas (musician, singer-songwriter leadsinger of Matchbox Twenty Robert Thomas (counterfeiter, 18th-century Rats Saw God is a novel written by Rob Thomas, published in 1996. Generally speaking human sexuality is how people experience and express themselves as sexual beings Incest refers to any sexual activity between closely related persons (often within the immediate family that is illegal or socially Taboo. Oral sex refers to sexual activities involving the use of the Mouth, and may include use of the Tongue, Teeth, and Throat, in order See also Rape Rape can be categorized in different ways for example by reference to the situation in which it occurs by the identity or characteristics Critics of such content argue that the novels encourage destructive or immoral behavior. Others argue that fictional portrayal of teens successfully addressing difficult situations and confronting social issues helps readers deal with real-life challenges.

Debate continues regarding the amount and nature of violence [2] and profanity [3] appropriate in young-adult fiction.

Hyphens (young adult vs. young-adult)

Recognition of the noun young adult and its punctuation as an adjectival modifier are inconsistent. Some dictionaries recognize young adult as a noun (Random House, 2nd 1987), while others do not (Webster's International, 3rd 2002). When recognized (as by Random House), young adult is treated as an open compound noun, with no hyphen.

When the noun young adult is placed before another noun (such as fiction, novel, author), however, the use of a hyphen varies widely. For example, an internet search (of the Web or of news articles) using the key words young adult fiction shows widespread inconsistency in hyphenation. Although the Chicago Manual of Style falls short of declaring the omission of the hypen as grammatically incorrect, it clearly addresses the issue in "Compounds and Hyphenation," sections 7. The Chicago Manual of Style (abbreviated in writing as CMS or CMOS or verbally as Chicago) is a Style guide for American English 82-7. 86: "When such compounds precede a noun, hyphenation usually makes for easier reading. With the exception of proper nouns (such as United States) and compounds formed by an adverb ending in ly plus an adjective, it is never incorrect to hypenate adjectival compounds before a noun. "(Chicago Manual of Style, 15th Edition 2003, p.  300) The Writer's Digest Grammar Desk Reference is a little more forceful on the subject: "The most complicated business conducted by hyphens is uniting words into adjectival compounds that precede nouns. Many writers neglect to hyphenate such compounds, and the result is ramshackle sentences that often frustrate the reader. " (Writer's Digest Grammar Desk Reference 2005, p.  274-275) The Wikipedia Manual of Style also addresses the issue of hyphens for compound adjectives. [4]

Although none of the sources cited above list young adult as an example, each clearly expresses a preference for hypenating compound modifiers. With that in mind, young adult is a noun (without a hyphen) as defined by Random House. But when the noun young adult precedes another noun, it becomes a compound modifier and warrants a hyphen, as in young-adult fiction, young-adult novel, young-adult novel, and so on. Especially since the sources do not declare the absence of a hyphen as grammatically incorrect, widespread inconsistencies in the puntuation of young adult are likely to continue, either out of ignorance or as conscious choice of style.

Literature

Whether any particular work of fiction qualifies as literature can be disputed. Literature is the Art of written works Literally translated the word means "acquaintance with letters" (from Latin littera letter In recent years, however, YA fiction has been increasingly treated as an object of serious study by children's literature critics. Children's literature criticism comprises both generalist discussions of the relationship between Children's literature and Literary theory as well as a literary analysis A growing number of young-adult-fiction awards recognize outstanding works of fiction for adolescents. Young-adult-fiction awards recognize outstanding works of fiction for adolescents

Trends

The category of YA fiction continues to expand into new forms and genres: e-books, graphic novels, manga, fantasy, mystery fiction, romance novels, even subcategories such as cyberpunk, splatterpunk, techno-thrillers, contemporary Christian fiction. An e-book (for electronic book: also ebook) is the Digital media equivalent of a conventional printed Book. A ˈmɑŋgə is the Japanese word for Comics (sometimes called komikku コミック and print Cartoons In their modern form manga date from shortly Fantasy is a Genre that uses magic and other Supernatural forms as a primary element of plot, theme, and/or setting A romance novel is a literary Genre developed in Western culture, mainly in English-speaking countries Cyberpunk is a Science fiction genre noted for its focus on " High tech and low life. Splatterpunk is a term that David J Schow coined in the mid-1980s at the World Fantasy Convention in Providence refers to a movement within Horror fiction Techno-thrillers (or technothrillers) are a hybrid genre drawing subject matter generally from spy thrillers War novels and Science fiction. Christian literature is writing that deals with Christian themes and incorporates the Christian World view.

Boundaries between children's, YA, and adult fiction

The distinctions between children's literature, YA literature, and adult literature are often flexible and loosely defined. Children's literature is an age category of literature written for published for or marketed to Children roughly through age 12 Literature is the Art of written works Literally translated the word means "acquaintance with letters" (from Latin littera letter At the lower end of the YA age spectrum, fiction targeted to readers age 10 to 12 is referred to as middle grade fiction. Some novels originally marketed to adults have been identified as being of interest and value to adolescents.

Notes

1. Grenby, "Conservative Woman", 155

References

Other publications

External links

See also

Children's literature is an age category of literature written for published for or marketed to Children roughly through age 12 Children's literature periodicals include magazines about children's literature intended for adults such as Academic journals focusing on the scholarly Lesbian teen fiction Gay teen fiction is a subgenre that overlaps with LGBT literature and Young adult literature. Gay teen fiction Lesbian teen fiction is a subgenre of Young adult fiction and LGBT literature. This is a list of writers whose audience is predominantly teens or young adults The Young Adult Library Services Association ( YALSA) established in 1957 is a division of the American Library Association.
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