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For other uses, see Yngling (disambiguation).
The Yngling Ingjald slaying his kinsmen
The Yngling Ingjald slaying his kinsmen

The Ynglings were the oldest known Scandinavian dynasty. Ingjaldr hinn illráði or Ingjald illråde ("ill-ruler" was a legendary Swedish king of the House of Ynglings Ingjald may have ruled sometime It can refer to the following clans:

Some early kings were probably mythical, whereas others probably existed in real life. Especially, Egil, Ottar, Ale and Adils are mentioned in several sources and are very likely to have been real kings. Ongentheow, (Anglo-Saxon Ongenþeow, Ongenþio, Ongendþeow; Swedish Angantyr) (– ca 515 was the name of a semi-legendary Swedish This is about the Swedish king Ohthere For the Norwegian voyager by the same name see Ohthere of Hålogaland Ohthere, Ohtere (the Onela, Proto-Norse * Anula ( Diminutive with l-suffix to a name starting with * Anu-, or directly of an apellative * anuz, 'ancestor' Eadgils, Adils, Aðils, Adillus, Aðísl at Uppsölum, Athisl, Athislus, Adhel was a Semi-legendary king

Alrek and Eirík fighting
Alrek and Eirík fighting

Contents

Names

Yngvi and Alf slaying each other
Yngvi and Alf slaying each other

In the Scandinavian sources they are the descendants of Yngvi-Frey of Vanaheim. See Alaric for the Gothic kings Alrek and Eirík ( Old Norse Alrekr and Eiríkr Yngvi and Alf were two legendary Swedish kings of the House of Yngling. Yngvi, Yngvin, Ingwine, Inguin are names that relate to an older theonym Ing and which appears to have been the older name for the god Freyr "Frey" redirects here For other uses of Frey and Freyr, see Frey (disambiguation. For the imprint see Aardvark-Vanaheim. For the Norwegian metal band see Vanaheim (band. Yngling means descendant of Frey, and in the Gesta Danorum of Saxo Grammaticus they are called the sons of Frey. "Saxo" redirects here For the car see Citroën Saxo and for the bank see Saxo Bank Saxo Grammaticus (c

Several of these kings appear in Beowulf: Eadgils (Adils), Onela (Ale) and Ohthere (Ottar Vendelkråka), but here they are called Scylfings (see the Beowulf section below). Eadgils, Adils, Aðils, Adillus, Aðísl at Uppsölum, Athisl, Athislus, Adhel was a Semi-legendary king Onela, Proto-Norse * Anula ( Diminutive with l-suffix to a name starting with * Anu-, or directly of an apellative * anuz, 'ancestor' This is about the Swedish king Ohthere For the Norwegian voyager by the same name see Ohthere of Hålogaland Ohthere, Ohtere (the Snorri Sturluson hints at a less divine origin in Skáldskaparmál for this dynasty: One war-king was named Skelfir; and his house is called the House of Skilfings: his kindred is in the Eastern Region (Sweden is the eastern part of Scandinavia, and the Swedish kings could be called east kings). Snorri Sturluson (1178 – September 23, 1241) was an Icelandic historian poet and politician The second part of Snorri Sturluson 's Prose Edda the Skáldskaparmál or "language of poetry" (c

Another origin for the name skilfing is possible: Snorri described Erik and Alrik, the sons of Skjalf to be the de facto ancestors of this Norse clan. See Alaric for the Gothic kings Alrek and Eirík ( Old Norse Alrekr and Eiríkr Agne, Agni, Hogne or Agni Skjálfarbondi was a mythological king of Sweden, of the House of Yngling. The Scandinavian clan or ætt (ˈɛtt in Old Norse) was a social group based on common descent or on the formal acceptance into the group at a þing

The kings who resided at Upsal had been the supreme chiefs over the whole Swedish dominions until the death of Agne, when, as before related, the kingdom came to be divided between brothers (Alrek and Erik). Gamla Uppsala ("Old Uppsala" is a parish and a village outside Uppsala in Sweden. Agne, Agni, Hogne or Agni Skjálfarbondi was a mythological king of Sweden, of the House of Yngling. After that time the dominions and kingly powers were spread among the branches of the family as these increased; but some kings cleared great tracts of forest-land, and settled them, and thereby increased their domains. [1]

From Sweden to Norway

According to Snorri Sturluson, the dynasty led the settlement of the Swedish provinces and established themselves as the kings of its provinces, accepting the overlordship of the Swedish king at Uppsala, until the dynasty all but exterminated itself with Ingjald Ill-Ruler and his downfall. Snorri Sturluson (1178 – September 23, 1241) was an Icelandic historian poet and politician Uppsala ˈɵpˌsɑːla (older spelling Upsala) is the capital of Uppsala County ( Uppsala län) and the fourth largest city of Ingjaldr hinn illráði or Ingjald illråde ("ill-ruler" was a legendary Swedish king of the House of Ynglings Ingjald may have ruled sometime A survivor Olof Trätälja was the ancestor of the Norwegian branch. Olaf Tree Feller ( Old Norse: Ólafr trételgja, Swedish Olof Trätälja, Norwegian Olav Tretelgja) was the son of the Swedish king Ingjald

Remaining in Sweden?

the Battle of Bråvalla
the Battle of Bråvalla

However, both Snorri (as in the earlier quote) and Saxo described the clan as remaining in Sweden after this date. The Battle of Brávellir or the Battle of Bråvalla was a legendary battle that is described in the Norse sagas as taking place on the Brávellir between "Saxo" redirects here For the car see Citroën Saxo and for the bank see Saxo Bank Saxo Grammaticus (c

Saxo on the Battle of Bråvalla (ca 750):

Now the bravest of the Swedes were these: Arwakki, Keklu-Karl (Kelke-Karl), Krok the Peasant, (from Akr), Gudfast and Gummi from Gislamark. The Battle of Brávellir or the Battle of Bråvalla was a legendary battle that is described in the Norse sagas as taking place on the Brávellir between Events By Geography Asia Gopala is proclaimed as the first ruler of the Pala Empire. These were kindred of the god Frey, and most faithful witnesses to the gods. Ingi (Yngwe) also, and Oly, Alver, Folki, all sons of Elrik (Alrek), embraced the service of Ring (Sigurd Ring); they were men ready of hand, quick in counsel, and very close friends of Ring. Sigurd Ring ( Old Norse: Sigurðr hringr) or Ring ( Old Norse: Hringr) (ca 750) was a Swedish and Danish king mentioned in They likewise held the god Frey to be the founder of their race. Amongst these from the town of Sigtun (Old Sigtuna) also came Sigmund, a champion advocate, versed in making contracts of sale and purchase; besides him Frosti surnamed Bowl: allied with him was Alf the Lofty (Proud?) from the district of Upsala (Old Uppsala); this man was a swift spear-thrower, and used to go in the front of the battle. Fornsigtuna ( forn means ancient) Old Sigtun, Sithun, Sign(hildsberg or Signesberg ( is located in the parish of Gamla Uppsala ("Old Uppsala" is a parish and a village outside Uppsala in Sweden. [2]

Moreover, both in Icelandic sources and in the Gesta Danorum, king Sigurd Ring would become the ancestor of the houses of Ragnar Lodbrok and would thus be the semi-legendary ancestor of later Swedish and Danish royal houses. Sigurd Ring ( Old Norse: Sigurðr hringr) or Ring ( Old Norse: Hringr) (ca 750) was a Swedish and Danish king mentioned in Ragnar Lodbrok (Ragnar "Hairy-Breeks" Old Norse: Ragnarr Loðbrók) was a Norse legendary hero from the Viking Age who was thoroughly (See the House of Munsö. The House of Munsö is one of the names of a protohistoric Swedish dynasty. )

The line

Beowulf

8th c.-10th c.

 Ynglingatal

late 9th c.

 Íslendingabók

early 12th c.

 Historia Norvegiæ

late 12th c.

 Ynglinga saga

c. Beowulf is an Old English Heroic epic poem of anonymous authorship dating as recorded in the Nowell Codex manuscript from between The 8th century is the period from 701 to 800 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. Controversy The historicity of the matter in Ynglingatal has been a contention among scholars since the 19th century The 9th century is the period from 801 to 900 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. Íslendingabók, Libellus Islandorum or The Book of Icelanders is an historical work dealing with early Icelandic history. Historia Norwegiæ is a short history of the Norwegian past written by a Monk around the second half of the 12th century The Ynglinga saga was originally written in Old Norse by the Icelandic poet Snorri Sturluson about 1225. 1225

 Hversu Noregr byggðist

1387
Burri
Burr
Óðinn Ásakonungr
Yngvi Tyrkjakonungr Ingui Freyr
Njörðr Svíakonungr Neorth Njörðr Njörðr
Freyr Froyr Yngvifreyr Freyr
Fjölnir Fjölnir Fiolnir Fjölnir Fjölnir
Sveigðir Svegðir Swegthir Svegðir Sveigðir
Vanlandi Vanlandi Wanlanda Vanlandi Vanlandi
Vísburr Visburr Wisbur Vísburr Vísburr
Dómaldi Dómaldr Domald Dómaldi Dómaldr
Dómarr Dómarr Domar Dómarr Dómarr
Dyggvi Dyggvi Dyggui Dyggvi Dyggvi/Tryggvi
Dagr Spaka Dagr Dagr Dagr Spaka Dagr
Agni Alrekr Alricr Agni Agni Skjálfarbóndi
Alrekr and Eiríkr Agni Hogni Alrekr and Eiríkr Alrekr
Yngvi and Álfr Yngvi Ingialdr Yngvi and Álfr Yngvi
Jörundr Jörundr Jorundr Jörundr and Eiríkr Jörmunfróði/Jörundr
Aun Aun inn gamli Auchun Aun hinn gamli Aunn inn gamli
Ongenþeow Egill Egill Vendilkráka Eigil Vendilcraca Egill Tunnudólgr Egill Tunnadólgr
Ohthere and Onela Óttarr Óttarr Ottarus Óttarr Vendilkráka Óttarr Vendilskráka
Eadgils and Eanmund Aðils Aðísl at Uppsölum Adils/Athisl Aðils Aðils at Uppsölum
Eysteinn Eysteinn Eustein Eysteinn Eysteinn
Yngvarr Yngvarr Ynguar Yngvarr Yngvarr inn hári
Önundr Braut-Önundr Broutonundr Brautönundr Braut-Önundr
Ingjaldr Ingjaldr inn illráði Ingialdr Ingjaldr hinn illráði Ingjaldr inn illráði
Óláfr Óláfr trételgja Olavus tretelgia Óláfr trételgja Ólafr trételgja
Hálfdan Hálfdan hvítbeinn

Upplendingakonungr

 Halfdan hwitbein Hálfdan hvítbeinn Hálfdan hvítbeinn
Eysteinn Eustein Eysteinn Eysteinn
Hálfdan Halfdan Hálfdan hinn mildi Hálfdan inn mildi
Guðröðr Goðröðr Guthrodr Guðröðr veiðikonungr Guðröðr veiðikonungr
Ólafr Óláfr Halfdan niger Ólafr Hálfdan svarti
Rögnvaldr Helgi Haraldus Rögnvaldr heiðum hæra Haraldr inn hárfagri

The name Scylfing

In Old English several kings who are generally identified as Ynglings are called Scylfings. Hversu Noregr byggdist ( Old Norse Hversu Noregr byggðist) meaning ' How Norway was inhabited', which survives only in the Búri was the first god in Norse mythology. He was the father of Borr and grandfather of Odin. Borr or Burr (sometimes anglicized Bor or Bur) was the son of Búri and the father of Odin in Norse mythology Yngvi, Yngvin, Ingwine, Inguin are names that relate to an older theonym Ing and which appears to have been the older name for the god Freyr Njörðr is a Vanir god in Norse mythology. In surviving sources Njörðr is the father of the major deities Freyr and Freyja by his unnamed "Frey" redirects here For other uses of Frey and Freyr, see Frey (disambiguation. Yngvi, Yngvin, Ingwine, Inguin are names that relate to an older theonym Ing and which appears to have been the older name for the god Freyr Fjölnir, Fjölner, Fjolner or Fjolne ( 1st century BC - early 1st century AD was a Swedish king of the House of Yngling Sveigðir, Sveigder or Swegde was a Swedish king of the House of Yngling in Norse mythology. Vanlandi or Vanlande was a Swedish king at Uppsala of the House of Yngling in Norse mythology. In Scandinavian mythology, Visbur was a king of the House of Ynglings and the son of Vanlandi. In Norse mythology Domalde, Dómaldi or Dómaldr was a Swedish king of the House of Ynglings cursed by his stepmother according to for the Tibetan village see Domar Tibet In Norse mythology, the Swedish king Domar of the House of Ynglings was Dyggvi or Dyggve was a mythological Swedish king of the House of Ynglings He died in bed and never reached Valhalla. Dag the Wise or Dagr Spaka (2nd or 3rd century AD was a mythological Swedish king of the House of Ynglings He was the son of Dyggvi, the former Agne, Agni, Hogne or Agni Skjálfarbondi was a mythological king of Sweden, of the House of Yngling. See Alaric for the Gothic kings Alrek and Eirík ( Old Norse Alrekr and Eiríkr Yngvi and Alf were two legendary Swedish kings of the House of Yngling. Jorund or Jörundr ( 5th century) was a Swedish king of the House of Yngling. For the village in Azerbaijan see Avun; for the airport with the IATA location identifier "AUN" see Auburn Municipal Airport (California. Ongentheow, (Anglo-Saxon Ongenþeow, Ongenþio, Ongendþeow; Swedish Angantyr) (– ca 515 was the name of a semi-legendary Swedish This is about the Swedish king Ohthere For the Norwegian voyager by the same name see Ohthere of Hålogaland Ohthere, Ohtere (the Onela, Proto-Norse * Anula ( Diminutive with l-suffix to a name starting with * Anu-, or directly of an apellative * anuz, 'ancestor' Eadgils, Adils, Aðils, Adillus, Aðísl at Uppsölum, Athisl, Athislus, Adhel was a Semi-legendary king Eanmund was a Swedish Prince of the Scylfing Dynasty. Unlike his relatives Eanmund is only mentioned in Beowulf. Eysteinn (d ca 600 was the son of Eadgils and Yrsa of Saxony. This article deals with the legendary Swedish king Ingvar For a treatment of the name see Ingvar (name. Brøt-Anundr ( Old East Norse) or Braut-Önundr ( Old West Norse) (meaning trail-blazer Anund or Anund the land-clearer) was a legendary Ingjaldr hinn illráði or Ingjald illråde ("ill-ruler" was a legendary Swedish king of the House of Ynglings Ingjald may have ruled sometime Olaf Tree Feller ( Old Norse: Ólafr trételgja, Swedish Olof Trätälja, Norwegian Olav Tretelgja) was the son of the Swedish king Ingjald Halfdan Hvitbeinn ( Old Norse: Hálfdan hvítbeinn) was a mythical petty king in Norway described in Ynglinga saga. Eystein Halfdansson ( Old Norse: Eysteinn Hálfdansson) was the son of Halfdan Hvitbeinn of the House of Yngling according to Heimskringla Halfdan the Mild ( Old Norse: Hálfdan hinn mildi) was the son of king Eystein Halfdansson, of the House of Yngling and he succeeded his father Gudrød the Hunter ( Old Norse: Guðrǫðr veiðikonungr, Norwegian Gudrød Veidekonge) was a semi-legendary king in south-east Norway, during Olaf Gudrødsson, or as he was named after his death Olaf Geirstad-Alf, was a legendary Norwegian king of the House of Yngling from the Ynglinga saga. Halfdan the Black Gudrødsson (c 810 – c 860) ( Old Norse: Hálfdan svarti, Norwegian Halvdan Svarte) was the father of the first Ragnvald (or Rognvald) "the Mountain-High" Olafsson was a petty king of Vestfold in what is today Norway. Harald Fairhair or Harald Finehair ( Old Norse: Haraldr hárfagri, Norwegian: Harald Hårfagre) (c

The genealogy is given as:[1]

Ongentheow

   |
   |_________________ 
   |                 |
Ohthere            Onela
   |               m with Healfdene's daughter
   |
   |____________________
   |                    |
Eadgils               Eanmund

Ohthere (Ottar) also occurs as the father of Aedgils (Adils) in Ynglingatal. Ongentheow, (Anglo-Saxon Ongenþeow, Ongenþio, Ongendþeow; Swedish Angantyr) (– ca 515 was the name of a semi-legendary Swedish This is about the Swedish king Ohthere For the Norwegian voyager by the same name see Ohthere of Hålogaland Ohthere, Ohtere (the Onela, Proto-Norse * Anula ( Diminutive with l-suffix to a name starting with * Anu-, or directly of an apellative * anuz, 'ancestor' Halfdan ( Old Norse) or Healfdene ( Beowulf) or Haldan (Danish Latin sources (late 5th century, early 6th century Eadgils, Adils, Aðils, Adillus, Aðísl at Uppsölum, Athisl, Athislus, Adhel was a Semi-legendary king Eanmund was a Swedish Prince of the Scylfing Dynasty. Unlike his relatives Eanmund is only mentioned in Beowulf. Controversy The historicity of the matter in Ynglingatal has been a contention among scholars since the 19th century There Skilfing (Skilfingr) appears as a synonym of Yngling, in a line on Egil, the father of Ottar, so that Ongentheow is considered identical to Egil.

Ok lofsæll
ór landi fló
Týs óttungr
Tunna ríki,
en flæming
farra trjónu
jötuns eykr
á Agli rauð.
Sás of austr
áðan hafði
brúna hörg
of borinn lengi,
en skíðlauss
Skilfinga nið
hœfis hjörr
til hjarta stóð. [3]
The fair-haired son of Odin's race,
Who fled before fierce Tunne's face,
Has perished by the demon-beast
Who roams the forests of the East.
The hero's breast met the full brunt
Of the wild bull's shaggy front;
The hero's heart's asunder torn
By the fell Jotun's spear-like horn. "(Laing's translation [4])

Likewise in the Skáldskaparmál the Scylfings are described as an eastern family and East King was a conventional kenning for a Swedish king. The second part of Snorri Sturluson 's Prose Edda the Skáldskaparmál or "language of poetry" (c A kenning ( Old Norse kenning, Modern Icelandic pronunciation) is a Circumlocution used instead of an ordinary Noun in Old Norse

However, in the Ættartolur, (the genealogies attached to Hversu Noregr byggdist), the Skilfings are of Norwegian origin and include a family identified as Skjöldungs. Hversu Noregr byggdist ( Old Norse Hversu Noregr byggðist) meaning ' How Norway was inhabited', which survives only in the Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Old English Scylding (plural Scyldingas) and Old Norse Skjöldung (plural Skjöldungar) meaning in both languages Shielding In the eddic poem Grímnismál (stanza 55), Skilfing appears as one of Odin's names, the information there also appearing in the Gylfaginning. Odin (ˈoʊdɪn from Old Norse Óðinn) is considered the chief god in Norse paganism. Gylfaginning, or the Tricking of Gylfi (c 20000 words is the first part of Snorri Sturluson 's Prose Edda after .

Beowulf

In the Old English poem Beowulf, the word Scylfing occurs twice in the singular and twice in the plural. For alliterative purposes the name could be extended, such as the form Heathoscylfing 'Battle-Scylfing', which occurs once in the singular and twice in the plural. A Scylfing whose name is partly missing but ends in -ela married the sister of Hrothgar and Halga. Hroðgar, Hrothgar, Hróarr, Hroar, Roar, Roas or Ro was a Legendary Danish king, living in the early 6th century Helge or Helgi is a Scandinavian name The name is derived from Proto-Norse * Hailaga with its original meaning being dedicated to the Specifically identified as Scylfings are Ongentheow, king of Sweden, and by extension his subject Wiglaf son of Weohstan. Ongentheow, (Anglo-Saxon Ongenþeow, Ongenþio, Ongendþeow; Swedish Angantyr) (– ca 515 was the name of a semi-legendary Swedish Wiglaf is a character in the Anglo-Saxon Epic poem Beowulf. He is the son of Weohstan, a Swede of the Wægmunding Weohstan, Wēohstān or Wīhstān ( Proto-Norse * Wīhastainaz, meaning "sacred stone" Old Norse Vésteinn and Wiglaf and Weohstan belonged to the family of the Wægmundings to which Beowulf and his father Ecgtheow also belonged. The Wægmundings were a prominent probably Swedish clan (an ätt, see Norse clans) in Beowulf. Beowulf (ˈBeɪoʊwʊlf/ /ˈBeɪəwʊlf Old English ˈbeːo̯wʊlf is a legendary Geatish hero and later king in the Old English epic poem named after him Ecgþeow (ˈɛʤθɛəw or Edgetho ( Proto-Norse * Agiþewaz) or Ecgtheow is a character in the Anglo-Saxon epic Another extended form is helm Scylfinga. This literally means 'Scylfings'-helmet'; it is a pun meaning both "ruler of the Scylfings" and "protector of the Scylfings". The Beowulf poet uses it to refer to Ongentheow's son Onela. Onela, Proto-Norse * Anula ( Diminutive with l-suffix to a name starting with * Anu-, or directly of an apellative * anuz, 'ancestor'

In Norse tradition

From the Hyndluljód

The eddic poem Hyndluljód, in stanza 16 speaks of descendants of an ancient king named Halfdan the Old:

Hence come the Skjöldungs, hence the Skilfings,
Hence the Ödlings [Ǫðlingar], hence the Ylfings, . Halfdan the Old ( Old Norse Hálfdanr gamli and Hálfdanr inn gamli) was an ancient legendary king from whom descended many of the most notable lineages Old English Scylding (plural Scyldingas) and Old Norse Skjöldung (plural Skjöldungar) meaning in both languages Shielding . . [5]

From the Skáldskaparmál

In the Skáldskaparmál, Snorri Sturluson speaks of the second group of nine sons of Halfdan the Old, from whom many families of legend descend, one of these sons being Yngvi, purported ancestor of the Yngling lineage. The second part of Snorri Sturluson 's Prose Edda the Skáldskaparmál or "language of poetry" (c Snorri Sturluson (1178 – September 23, 1241) was an Icelandic historian poet and politician Yngvi, Yngvin, Ingwine, Inguin are names that relate to an older theonym Ing and which appears to have been the older name for the god Freyr But neither Skylfings or Skjöldungs are specifically derived from these sons. Snorri continues with examples of famous descendants of three of those lineages, followed by: "Of the house of the Ylfings was Eirík the Eloquent (Eiríkr inn málspaki). Wulfings, Wylfings or Ylfings (the name means the "wolf clan" was a powerful clan in Beowulf, Widsith " But Ylfings have not been previously mentioned. Then follows the names of four ancestors of four lineages not descended from Halfdan, which include Yngvi and the Ynglings a second time. There is obvious confusion or corruption in this passage or its source. The fourth lineage is identified:

One war-king was named Skelfir; and his house is called the House of Skilfings: his kindred is in the Eastern Region.

A connection with the east might mean a connection to Sweden, but the vagueness of expression suggests Snorri knows no more about these Skilfings than he has written.

Snorri also gives Skilfing as a kenning for "king" and it appears as a kenning for "sword" in the thulur found in some versions of the Skáldkskaparmál.

From the Ættartolur

The Ættartolur connected to Hversu Noregr byggdist are a longer variant of the genealogical passages in the Skáldskaparmál, also speaking of Halfdan the Old and lineages descended from him and of other notable lineages, but in much greater detail. In this list of the sons of Halfdan, Yngvi the ancestor of the Ynglings is missing and Skelfir the ancestor of the Skilfings appears in his place. This might be a remembrance of an earlier identity or connection of the Swedish Ynglings and the Swedish Scylfings in Beowulf. But nothing in the following genealogy is necessarily Swedish though possible Swedish parallels do appear, particular the names Alrek and Eirík as discussed below.

There are many oddities in this account.

It claims Skelfir was king of Vörs (Vǫrs), modern Voss in northern Hordaland in southwestern Norway, but Halfdan's inheritance was in southeastern Norway. is a municipality in Hordaland county, Norway. It is part of the traditional district of Voss is a county in Norway, bordering Sogn og Fjordane, Buskerud, Telemark, and Rogaland.

Skelfir was the father of Skjöld (Skjǫldr). The account ends by saying that lineage of Skelfir was called the Skilfing lineage or the Skjöldung lineage, seemingly identifying the two. But Skjöldungs are normally the legendary royal family of the rulers of Denmark and no connection with Denmark is made here. The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe Indeed the Ættartolur later twice gives a quite different list of descendants of the Danish Skjöld who is there made a son of Odin as commonly in Norse texts. Skjöld as son of Skelfir might be related to English traditions of Scyld being a son or descendant of Sceaf (as discussed under Sceaf), though here too (at least in Beowulf) the connection is to Danish matters, not to Norway. Scyld Scefing is a fictional character in the Epic poem Beowulf. In English heroic legend, Sceaf or Scef ( Old English for sheaf) appears as an ancient legendary king who appeared mysteriously as a child coming

This Norwegian Skjöld, ancestor of the Norwegian Skjöldungs, is father of Eirík, father of Alrek (Alrekr), father of Eirík the Eloquent, whom the Skáldskaparmál presented as an Ylfing. These two mentions are the only occurrences of Eirík the Eloquent in Norse texts. But what seems to be the same figure appears prominently in book 5 of Saxo Grammaticus' Gesta Danorum as Ericus disertus. "Saxo" redirects here For the car see Citroën Saxo and for the bank see Saxo Bank Saxo Grammaticus (c Gesta Danorum ("Deeds of the Danes" is a work of Danish history by the 12th century author Saxo Grammaticus ("Saxo the Literate" This Ericus disertus is indeed a Norwegian, but his father is not named Alrek but rather Regnerus pugilex, that is Ragnar the Champion. The Gesta Danorum then somewhat forcibly identifies Ericus disertus with Eirík, a legendary king of Sweden, a king who in the Ynglinga saga and elsewhere has an elder brother (rather than a father) named Alrek. See Alrek and Eirík for details. See Alaric for the Gothic kings Alrek and Eirík ( Old Norse Alrekr and Eiríkr

In the Ynglinga saga the mother of the Swedish kings Alrek and Eirík is named Skjálf, which might also be an eponym for Skilfing. Agne, Agni, Hogne or Agni Skjálfarbondi was a mythological king of Sweden, of the House of Yngling.

Returning to the Ættartolur, there Eirík the Eloquent is father of Alrek, father of Víkar (Víkarr), father of Vatnar. This Víkar is the famous Víkar, king of Hördaland, who was sacrificed to Odin by Starkad. Starkad, Old Norse: Starkaðr or Störkuðr, Latin: Starcaterus, and during the late Middle Ages, also known as Starkodder The chain of descent from Alrek to Víkar to Vatnar is also found in Hálfs saga ok Hálfsrekka ('The saga of Hálf and his heroes'). However Gautreks saga gives an entirely different ancestry and different descendants to Víkar. Gautreks saga ( Gautrek's Saga) is a Scandinavian Legendary saga put to text towards the end of the 13th century which survives only in much later manuscripts See Víkar for details. Víkar ( Old Norse nominative case form Víkarr; Latin Wicarus) was a legendary Norwegian king who found himself

This genealogy may have been based on attempts to ascribe a Norwegian origin to both Swedish Scylfings and Danish Skjöldungs and also be related to Saxo's account of the Norwegian Ericus desertus. If so, as it stands, it has been edited to remove material that would obviously conflict with the standard genealogies of the Skjöldungs and Ynglings which also appear in the Ættartolur.

Variant spellings

Other anglicized spellings: Eirík: Eirik ; Eirík the Eloquent: Eirik the Eloquent, Eiríkr the Wise in Speech ; Halfdan the Old: Hálfdan the Old ; Skjöld: Skjold, Skiold, Scyld ; Starkad: Starkath ; Víkar: Vikar ; Vörs: Vor.

Misc

In the game The Elder Scrolls III Morrowind an NPC is called Yngling Half-Troll

See also

References

  1. ^ Alexander, Michael (2003), Beowulf: Verse translation, Penguin Classics, pp. Saxo's kings of Sweden appear in the Danish Gesta Danorum by Saxo Grammaticus. Design Penguin Books have paid particular attention to the design of its books since recruiting German typographer Jan Tschichold p. lix, ISBN 0140449310 

Dictionary

yngling

-noun

  1. A type of two-man keelboat from Norway
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