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| Chinese: | 黄帝 |
| Hanyu Pinyin: | Huángdì |
| Literal meaning: | Yellow emperor |
Huangdi, or the Yellow Emperor, is a legendary Chinese sovereign and cultural hero who is considered in Chinese mythology to be the ancestor of all Han Chinese. Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use A legend ( Latin, legenda, "things to be read" is a Narrative of human actions that are perceived both by teller and listeners to Chinese sovereign is the ruler of a particular period in ancient China. A culture hero is a Mythological Hero specific to some group ( cultural, ethnic, racial, religious, etc Chinese mythology is a collection of Cultural history, Folktales, and Religions that have been passed down in oral or written form Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world. One of the legendary Five Emperors, it was written in the Shiji by historian Sima Qian (145 BC-90 BC) that the Huangdi reigned from 2697 BC to 2598 BC. The Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors ( were mythological rulers of China during the period from c The Records of the Grand Historian, also known in English by the Chinese name 史記 or Shiji, written from 109 BC to 91 BC See also History An historian is an individual who studies and writes about History, and is regarded as an Authority on it Early life and education Sima Qian was born and grew up in Longmen, near present-day Hancheng Shaanxi. The 3rd millennium BC spans the Early to Middle Bronze Age. It represents a period of time in which Imperialism, or the desire to conquer grew to prominence The 3rd millennium BC spans the Early to Middle Bronze Age. It represents a period of time in which Imperialism, or the desire to conquer grew to prominence He emerged as a chief deity of Taoism during the Han Dynasty (202 BC-220 AD). See also List of deities A deity is a Postulated Preternatural or Supernatural Being, who is always Taoism (pronounced /ˈdaʊɪzəm/ or /ˈtaʊɪzəm/ also spelled '''Daoism''') refers to a variety of related Philosophical and Religious traditions The Han Dynasty ( 206 BC–220 AD followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. The legend of his victory in the war against Emperor Chi You at the Battle of Zhuolu is seen as the establishment of the Han Chinese nationality. For the Manhwa, see Heavenly Executioner Chiwoo ----------------------- Mythology Along with Yan Di and Huang The Battle of Zhuolu ( Traditional Chinese: 涿鹿之戰 or Simplified Chinese: 涿鹿之战 is the second battle in Chinese history as recorded in Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world. Nationality is a relationship between a Person and their State of Origin, Culture, association Affiliation and/or Loyalty
Among his many accomplishments, Huangdi has been credited with the invention of the principles of Traditional Chinese medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine (also known as TCM,) includes a range of traditional medical practices originating in China. The Huangdi Neijing (黄帝内經 Inner Canon of Huangdi) was supposedly composed in collaboration with his physician Qibo. Huangdi Neijing ( also known as The Inner Canon of Huangdi or Inner Canon of the Yellow Emperor, is the seminal medical text of A physician, medical practitioner or medical doctor who practices Medicine, and is concerned with maintaining or restoring human Health Qibo ( was a mythological Chinese doctor employed by Huangdi (the Yellow Emperor as his minister However, modern historiographers generally consider it to have been compiled from ancient sources by a scholar living between the Zhou and Han dynasties, more than 2,000 years later. The Zhou Dynasty ( POJ: Chiu Tiau 1122 BC to 256 BC was preceded by the Shang Dynasty and followed by the Qin Dynasty in China. The Han Dynasty ( 206 BC–220 AD followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China.
His interest in natural health and preventing and treating diseases, according to historical sources, meant he lived to the age of 100, and attained immortality after his physical death.
The historian Ji Yun asserts he was also the first to take male bedmates. The Siku Quanshu, variously translated as the Imperial Collection of Four, Emperor's Four Treasuries, Complete Library in Four Branches of Literature Homosexuality refers to sexual behavior with or attraction to people of the same sex or to a Homosexual orientation. [1]
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Legends
In the legend, his wife Lúo Zǔ taught the Chinese how to weave the silk from silkworms, and his historian Cāng Jié created the first Chinese characters. Leizu ( was a legendary Chinese empress&mdashwife of the Yellow Emperor. Silk is a natural Protein Fiber, some forms of which can be woven into Textiles The best-known type of silk is obtained from cocoons Cangjie is a legendary figure in ancient China (c 2650 BC claimed to be an official historian of the Yellow Emperor and the inventor of Chinese characters
His conception was supposed to be signaled by a thunder in a clear day by the Heaven.
Legend says that Huangdi became the leader of his tribe which bore the totem of a bear. His tribe went to war with a neighboring tribe bearing the totem of a bull, headed by Yandi. Shennong ( also known as the Yan Emperor (炎帝 or the Emperor of the Five Grains ( is a Legendary ruler of China and Culture hero Huangdi, through his superior military and leadership skills won the war and subdued Yandi's tribe. The two tribes united and became one. Legend then says that the Chinese civilization began with these two tribes.
Huangdi's people were then threatened by a tribe under the leadership of Chi You, who was said to have magical powers and had 81 brothers, each having 4 eyes and 8 arms wielding terrible sharp weapons in every hand. Huangdi called upon 8 neighboring tribes to join forces with him and sent the combined army to meet Chi You and his brothers. The two great armies fought for days without a clear winner. Just as Huangdi's army began to turn the tide of battle, Chi You breathed out a thick fog and obscured the sunlight. Huangdi's army fell into disarray and could not find its way out of the battlefield. At this critical moment, Huangdi invented the South Pointing Chariot, and ordered its construction on the battlefield. The South Pointing Chariot is widely regarded as one of the most complex Geared mechanism of the ancient Chinese civilization, and was continually used throughout the With the South Pointing Chariot, Huangdi was able to lead his army out of the fog. Chi You then conjured up a heavy storm. Huangdi then called upon the Gods who blew away the storm clouds and cleared the battlefield. Huangdi then was able to defeat Chi You and his tribe once and for all.
With this great victory, Huangdi not only safeguarded his own tribe, but the tribes of his allies. The 9 Tribes joined together as one tribe under the leadership of Huangdi.
Huangdi lived to 100 years of age. He was said to have had 25 children, 14 of whom are sons. Of these 14 sons, 12 chose last names for themselves. It is also said that all the noble families of the first 3 dynasties of China, Xia, Shang, and Zhou are direct descendants of Huangdi.
When Huangdi lived to 100 years of age, he arranged his worldly affairs with his ministers, and prepared for his journey to the Heavens. One version said a Dragon came down from the Heaven and took Huangdi away. Another version said Huangdi himself turned into half-man and half Dragon and flew away.
The South Pointing Chariot was a 2 wheeled war chariot that had a pole in the center of the carriage. A small figurine stood on top of the pole. A set of gears connected the 2 wheels to the pole, so that no matter which way the chariot turned, the figurine on the pole always pointed at a preset direction, usually South. The South Pointing Chariot did not require magnetism to work, and in models was depicted as the earliest form of the differential gearing system as found in modern automobile transmission systems.
He is also said to have played a part in the creation of the Guqin, together with Fuxi and Shennong, and to have invented the earliest form of the Chinese calendar, and its current sexagenary cycles are counted based on his reign. The (simplified/traditional 古琴; Pinyin: gǔqín In Chinese mythology Fu Xi or Fu Hsi ( aka Paoxi ( mid 2800s BCE was the first of the mythical Three Sovereigns (三皇 sānhuáng of ancient China Shennong ( also known as the Yan Emperor (炎帝 or the Emperor of the Five Grains ( is a Legendary ruler of China and Culture hero The Chinese calendar is lunisolar, incorporating elements of a Lunar calendar with those of a Solar calendar. The Chinese sexagenary cycle ( is a cyclic numeral system of 60 combinations of the two basic cycles the ten Heavenly Stems (天干 tiāngān
Huang Di captured Bai Ze atop Mount Dongwang. Bai Ze ( or in Japanese, is a fantastic beast from Chinese legend. The beast described to him all the 11,520 types of monsters, shapeshifters, demons, and spirits in the world. Huang Di's retainer recorded this in pictures, which later became the book "Bai Ze Tu", which no longer exists. [2]
In legend, Ling Lun gave the emperor flutes tuned to the sounds of birds, which is said to be the foundation of Chinese traditional music. Ling Lun (Traditional Chinese 伶[[wikt 倫|倫]] or 泠[[wikt 倫|倫]] is the legendary Founder of music in ancient China.
Religious views
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Huangdi is an important figure in Chinese religions, particularly Taoism and Confucianism. Taoism (pronounced /ˈdaʊɪzəm/ or /ˈtaʊɪzəm/ also spelled '''Daoism''') refers to a variety of related Philosophical and Religious traditions Tao ( 道, Pinyin Dào) is a metaphysical concept found in Taoism, Confucianism, and more generally in ancient Chinese philosophy De ( is a key concept in Chinese philosophy, usually translated "inherent character inner power integrity" in Taoism, "moral character virtue morality" Wuji (無極 is the primordial state of non-being a state of Nothingness and boundlessness or that which is without Bounds or Limits. Taiji (太極 is a state of being from Tao and Wuji. It is a state of absolute and of infinite potentiality In Chinese philosophy, the concept of yin and yang ( is used to describe how seemingly opposing forces are bound together intertwined and interdependent in the In traditional Chinese philosophy, natural phenomena can be classified into the Wu Xing ( or the Five Phases, usually translated as five elements, In traditional Chinese culture, qi (zh [[wikt氣 氣]] Pinyin qì, Wade-Giles ch'i Jyutping Neidan (内丹 a Chinese method of Internal alchemy. Part of the Chinese alchemical meditative tradition that is said to have been separated into internal and external Wu wei ( is an important tenet of Taoism that involves knowing when to act and when not to act The Tao Te Ching or Dao De Jing ( originally known as Laozi or Lao tzu ( is a Chinese classic For the book with the same name see Zhuangzi (book Zhuangzi ( was an influential Chinese philosopher who lived around the 4th Note This article is about the Liezi text For the author Liezi please see Lie Yukou. Daozang ( meaning "Treasury of Dao " or " Daoist Canon" consists of almost 5000 individual texts that were collected circa C The Three Pure Ones ( also translated as the Three Pure Pellucid Ones, the Three Pristine Ones, the Three Clarities, or the Three Purities Guan Yu ( Chinese: 關羽 Guān Yǔ was a general under the warlord Liu Bei during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of The Eight Immortals ( are a group of legendary xian ("immortals transcendents fairies" in Chinese mythology. The Queen Mother of the West (西王母 Pinyin: Xīwángmǔ Japanese: Seiōbo) in Chinese mythology, is the ruler of the western Paradise The Jade Emperor ( or 玉帝 Yù Dì) is the Taoist ruler of Heaven and all realms of existence below including that of Man and Hell Chang'e, Ch'ang-O or Chang-Ngo ( also known as Heng-E or Heng-O ( 姮[[wiktionary 娥|娥]] Héng'é is the Chinese Goddess Classical Chen Po (Chen Tuan Chen Hsi I 871-989 Ge Hong 284–364 Guo Xiang (Kuo Hsiang d Laozi ( also Lao Tse, Lao-Tzu, Laotze, Lao Zi, Laocius, and other variations was a philosopher of ancient For the book with the same name see Zhuangzi (book Zhuangzi ( was an influential Chinese philosopher who lived around the 4th Zhang Daoling (張道陵 Pinyin Zhāng Dàolíng, Wade-Giles Chang Tao-ling) also commonly called Zhang Ling, was an Eastern Zhang Jiao or Zhang Jue (d 184 was the leader of the Yellow Turbans during the late Eastern Han Dynasty of China. Ge Hong ( 284–364 Courtesy name Zhichuan (稚川 was a minor southern official during the Jìn Dynasty (263-420 best known for his interest in Chen Tuan (陳摶 (birthname Chen Tuan name as a sage Chen Hsi I Chen Xi Yi (871-989 was a legendary Taoist sage Wang Chongyang ( 11 January 1113 – 22 January 1170) calendar] 宋徽宗政和二年十二月廿二 – 金世宗大定十年正月初四] The Yellow Turban Rebellion, sometimes also translated as the Yellow Scarves Rebellion, ( was a AD 184 peasant rebellion against Emperor Ling of Han The Shangqing School (Chinese上清 or Supreme Clarity is a Daoist movement that began during the aristocracy of the Western Jin dynasty The Lingbao School (Simplified Chinese 灵宝派 Traditional Chinese 靈寶派 pinyin Ling Bao Pai also known as the School of the Sacred Jewel or the School The Quanzhen ( School is a major sect of Taoism that originated in Northern China. Zhenyi Dao (Chinese正一道 pinyin Zheng Yi Dào or the Way of Complete Orthodoxy is a Chinese Daoist movement that emerged during the Tang Dynasty Xuanxue ( Chinese: 玄[[wikt 學|學]] or Neotaoism is a sub-discipline of Confucianism and Taoism, its main theme is to study the Grotto-heavens (Chinese洞天 Pinyin Dongtian are a type of sacred Daoist site
Historicity
One explanation is that Huang Di was euhemerized from a mythical god during the early Zhou Dynasty into a legendary emperor during the late Zhou dynasty—his legendary deeds embellished along the way. Euhemerus (Εὐήμερος (working late fourth century BC was a Greek mythographer at the court of Cassander, the king of Macedon. The Zhou Dynasty ( POJ: Chiu Tiau 1122 BC to 256 BC was preceded by the Shang Dynasty and followed by the Qin Dynasty in China.
Popular culture
- Huang Di appears as a god in the strategy game Emperor: Rise of the Middle Kingdom made by Sierra Entertainment, now a division of Vivendi. A strategy game is a Game (eg computer, video or Board game) in which the players' decision-making skills have a high significance Emperor Rise of the Middle Kingdom is the sixth title in the City Building Series. Sierra Entertainment Inc is a Worldwide American Video game developer and publisher founded in 1979 by Ken and Roberta VIVENDI is a software package for care management and staff organisation published by the German software company CONNEXT and introduced in 1995 In the game he is a patron of hunting and has the skills needed for leading men into battle.
- There have been TV dramas made in mainland China depicting the life of Huang Di. However, their historical accuracy is questionable. They are semi-fictional because their focus is mainly on martial arts, Wuxia and drama. Martial arts are systems of codified practices and traditions of training for Combat. Wuxia or Wǔxiá ( Mandarin ùɕiɑ̌ Hanyu Pinyin: Wǔxiá, Cantonese Pinyin: mou5 hap6 Taiwanese/Hokkien bu hiap Drama is the specific mode of Fiction represented in Performance.
- Huangdi serves as the hero in Jorge Luis Borges' story, "The Fauna of the Mirror. " British fantasy writer China Miéville used this story as the basis for his novella "The Tain", which describes a post-apocalyptic London. China Tom Miéville (ˈtʃɑinɑ ˈmieɪˌvɪl (born September 6, 1972 in Norwich) is an award-winning English "fantastic fiction" London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. "The Tain" was recently included in Miéville's short story collection "Looking For Jake. "
Notes
- ^ Crompton, Louis (2003), Homosexuality and Civilization, Harvard University Press, p. 214, ISBN 0674022335
- ^ Haku-taku or Bai Ze
References
See also
- Emperor of China
- Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors
- Descendants of Yan & Yellow Emperors (Yan Huang Zi Sun; Chinese: 炎黃子孫)
- Chinese folk religion
External links
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Yellow Emperor
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| Preceded by Shennong |
Mythological Emperor of China c. The Emperor of China ( refers to any sovereign of Imperial China reigning since the founding of the Qin Dynasty in 221 BC until the fall of The Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors ( were mythological rulers of China during the period from c Descendants of Yan & Yellow Emperors or Yan Huang Zi Sun (Chinese 炎黃子孫 is an ancient Chinese term to refer to the Han Chinese and certain groups of minorities Chinese folk religion is a collective label given to various folkloric beliefs that draws heavily from Chinese mythology. The Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors ( were mythological rulers of China during the period from c Shennong ( also known as the Yan Emperor (炎帝 or the Emperor of the Five Grains ( is a Legendary ruler of China and Culture hero The following list of Chinese monarchs is in no way inclusive 2697 BC – c. 2598 BC |
Succeeded by Shaohao |
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