Yale University
Motto:	אורים ותמים (Hebrew) (Urim V'Tumim) Lux et veritas (Latin)
Motto in English:	Light and truth
Established:	1701
Type:	Private
Endowment:	US $22. A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group In ancient Israelite religion and culture Urim and Thummim (האורים והתומים Standard   haʾUrim vəhaTummim Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The date of establishment or date of founding of an Institution is the date on which that institution chooses to claim as its starting point Unlike Public universities, private universities generally do not receive direct operational funding from national or subnational governments and thus rely on private A financial endowment is a Transfer of Money or Property donated to an Institution, usually with the stipulation that it be invested The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been 5 Billion[1]
President:	Richard C. Levin
Faculty:	3,333
Students:	11,398
Undergraduates:	5,316
Location:	New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.
Campus:	Urban, 397 acres (1. University president is the title of the highest ranking officer within a University, within university systems that prefer that appellation over other variations such as Richard Charles Levin (born 1947 is a Professor and American economist, who has served as president of Yale University since 1993 A faculty is a division within a University. The concept of a university with different faculties for different subjects dates back to Al-Azhar University, which had The word student is etymologically derived through Middle English from the Latin second-type conjugation Verb "studēre" In some Educational systems undergraduate education is Post-secondary education up to the level of a Bachelor's degree. Connecticut ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The acre is a unit of Area in a number of different systems including the imperial and U 1 km²)
Former names:	Collegiate School
Colors:	Yale Blue since 1894; prior color, green
Nickname:	Bulldogs, Elis, Yalies
Mascot:	Handsome Dan
Athletics:	NCAA Division I (FCS Football) Ivy League
Website:	www.yale.edu

Yale University is a private university in New Haven, Connecticut. The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand School colors are the Colors chosen by a School to represent it on uniforms and other items of identification Yale Blue – the dark Blue Color used in association with Yale University – varies with use and history The athletic nickname, or equivalently athletic moniker, of a University or College within the United States is the name officially adopted by The Bulldog, colloquially known as the British Bulldog or English Bulldog, is a medium-size breed of Dog that originated in England The term mascot – defined as a term for any person animal or object thought to bring Luck – colloquially includes anything used to represent a group with a common Handsome Dan is a Bulldog that serves as the Mascot of Yale University 's athletic teams The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations The Ivy League is an Athletic conference comprising eight private institutions of higher education in the Northeastern United States. A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages Unlike Public universities, private universities generally do not receive direct operational funding from national or subnational governments and thus rely on private Founded in 1701 as the Collegiate School, Yale is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and is a member of the Ivy League. The Colonial Colleges are nine institutions of Higher education chartered in the American Colonies before the American Revolution (1775&ndash1783 Higher education is Education that is provided by universities, vocational universities, Community colleges Liberal arts colleges The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Ivy League is an Athletic conference comprising eight private institutions of higher education in the Northeastern United States. Particularly well-known are its undergraduate school, Yale College, and the Yale Law School, each of which has produced a number of U.S. presidents and foreign heads of state. In some Educational systems undergraduate education is Post-secondary education up to the level of a Bachelor's degree. Yale College was the official name of Yale University from 1718 to 1887 Yale Law School, or YLS, is the Law school of Yale University in New Haven Connecticut. The President of the United States is the Head of state and the Head of government of the United States. Head of state is the generic term for the individual or collective office that serves as the chief public representative of a Monarchic or Republican Nation-state In 1861, the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences became the first U. The Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences founded in 1847 is one of the oldest graduate schools in the United States. S. school to award the Ph.D. Also notable is the Yale School of Drama, which has produced many prominent Hollywood and Broadway actors and writers, as well as the art, divinity, forestry and environment, music, medical, management, nursing, and architecture schools, each of which is often cited as among the finest in its field. "PhD" redirects here for other uses see PhD (disambiguation. The Yale School of Drama is a graduate professional school of Yale University providing training in every discipline of the theatre Acting, design ( Set Broadway theater, commonly called simply Broadway, refers to theatrical performances presented in one of the 39 large professional theaters with 500 seats or more located The Yale School of Art is one of twelve constituent schools of Yale University. Yale Divinity School is a professional school at Yale University, in New Haven, Connecticut, U The Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies (FES was founded as the Yale School of Forestry in 1900 by Gifford Pinchot, head of the United States The Yale School of Music is one of the twelve Professional Schools at Yale University. The Yale School of Medicine at Yale University is a private Medical school located in New Haven, Connecticut, U About the School The School conducts education and research in Leadership, Economics, Operations management, Established in 1923 in New Haven Connecticut, US, Yale School of Nursing (YSN has become a leading school of Nursing in the United States The Yale School of Architecture is one of the constituent professional schools of Yale University.

The university's assets include a $22. 5 billion^[1] endowment (the second-largest of any academic institution) and more than a dozen libraries that hold a total of 12. A financial endowment is a Transfer of Money or Property donated to an Institution, usually with the stipulation that it be invested The following are three lists of US institutions of higher education by endowment: Largest endowments Largest endowments per student Certain universities 5 million volumes (the second-largest university library system). ^[2] Yale has 3,300 faculty members, who teach 5,300 undergraduate students and 6,000 graduate students. ^[3] Yale is organized as a non-profit 501(c)(3) organization. 501(c is a provision of the United States Internal Revenue Code ( listing 28 types of Non-profit organizations exempt from some federal ^[4]

Yale's 70 undergraduate majors are primarily focused on a liberal arts curriculum, and few of the undergraduate departments are pre-professional. The term liberal arts refers to a particular type of educational Curriculum broadly defined as a Classical education. About 20% of Yale undergraduates major in the sciences, 35% in the social sciences, and 45% in the arts and humanities. Science (from the Latin scientia, meaning " Knowledge " or "knowing" is the effort to discover, and increase human understanding The social sciences comprise academic disciplines concerned with the study of the social life of human groups and individuals including Anthropology, Communication studies The arts is a broad subdivision of Culture, composed of many expressive disciplines. The humanities are academic disciplines which study the Human condition, using methods that are primarily Analytic, Critical, or Speculative ^[5] All tenured professors teach undergraduate courses, more than 2,000 of which are offered annually.

Yale uses a residential college housing system modeled after those at Oxford and Cambridge. A residential college is an organisational pattern for a division of a University that places academic activity in a Community setting of students and faculty usually The University of Oxford (informally "Oxford University" or simply "Oxford" located in the city of Oxford, Oxfordshire, England is the The University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University) located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the Each of 12 residential colleges houses a representative cross-section of the undergraduate student body and features facilities, seminars, resident faculty, and support personnel.

Yale's graduate programs include those in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences — covering 53 disciplines in the humanities, social sciences, biology, physical sciences, and engineering — and those in the Professional Schools of Architecture, Art, Divinity, Drama, Forestry & Environmental Sciences, Law, Management, Medicine, Music, Nursing, and Public Health. The Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences founded in 1847 is one of the oldest graduate schools in the United States. The humanities are academic disciplines which study the Human condition, using methods that are primarily Analytic, Critical, or Speculative The social sciences comprise academic disciplines concerned with the study of the social life of human groups and individuals including Anthropology, Communication studies Foundations of modern biology There are five unifying principles Physical science is an encompassing term for the branches of Natural science and Science that study non-living systems in contrast to the biological sciences Engineering is the Discipline and Profession of applying technical and scientific Knowledge and A vocational university (professional university or college of higher vocational studies is an institution of Higher education and sometimes Research, which Yale Divinity School is a professional school at Yale University, in New Haven, Connecticut, U The Yale School of Drama is a graduate professional school of Yale University providing training in every discipline of the theatre Acting, design ( Set The Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies (FES was founded as the Yale School of Forestry in 1900 by Gifford Pinchot, head of the United States Yale Law School, or YLS, is the Law school of Yale University in New Haven Connecticut. About the School The School conducts education and research in Leadership, Economics, Operations management, The Yale School of Medicine at Yale University is a private Medical school located in New Haven, Connecticut, U The Yale School of Music is one of the twelve Professional Schools at Yale University. Established in 1923 in New Haven Connecticut, US, Yale School of Nursing (YSN has become a leading school of Nursing in the United States The Yale School of Public Health was founded in 1915 by Charles-Edward Amory Winslow.

Yale and Harvard have been rivals in almost everything for most of their history, notably academics, rowing, and American football. American football, known in the United States and Canada simply as football, is a competitive Team sport known for mixing strategy with In sports, the Harvard-Yale Regatta and The Game are annual contests. The Harvard-Yale Boat Race or Harvard-Yale Regatta is an annual rowing race between Yale and Harvard universities The Game (always capitalized is a title given to several US College football rivalry games but most particularly the annual contest between Harvard ^[6]

Yale president Rick Levin summarized the university's institutional priorities for its fourth century: "First, among the nation's finest research universities, Yale is distinctively committed to excellence in undergraduate education. Richard Charles Levin (born 1947 is a Professor and American economist, who has served as president of Yale University since 1993 Second, in our graduate and professional schools, as well as in Yale College, we are committed to the education of leaders. "^[7]

The nicknames "Elis"^[8][9][10] (after Elihu Yale) and "Yalies"^[11] are often used, both within and outside Yale, to refer to Yale students. Elihu Yale ( April 5, 1649, in Boston, Massachusetts - July 8, 1721, in London, England) was

Contents 1 History 1.1 Yale and politics in the modern era 1.2 Administration 2 Admissions 3 Intellectual "schools" 4 Collections 5 Yale architecture 5.1 Notable nonresidential campus buildings 6 Campus life 6.1 Residential colleges 6.2 Sports 6.2.1 Mascot 6.3 Student life 6.4 Student organizations 7 Sustainability 8 Notable people 8.1 Benefactors 8.2 Notable alumni and faculty 9 Staff and labor unions 10 Miscellany and traditions 11 Campus safety 12 Yale in fiction and popular culture 13 Points of interest 14 See also 15 Books on Yale 15.1 Secret Societies 16 Notes and references 17 External links

History

Yale traces its beginnings to "An Act for Liberty to Erect a Collegiate School" passed by the General Court of the Colony of Connecticut and dated October 9, 1701. The Colony of Connecticut was an English colony that became the U Events 768 - Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of The Franks. Soon thereafter, a group of ten Congregationalist ministers led by James Pierpont, all of whom were Harvard alumni (Harvard having been the only college in North America when they were school-aged), met in the study of Reverend Samuel Russell in Branford, Connecticut, to pool their books to form the school's first library. Congregational churches are Protestant Christian churches practicing Congregationalist church governance, in which each congregation independently James Pierpont (born January 4 1659, Roxbury Massachusetts; died November 22 1714, New Haven Connecticut) was a Reverend Samuel Russell (b November 4 1660, d June 24 1731 ( McCracken 1980) was one of the founders of Yale University Branford is a town located on Long Island Sound in New Haven County, Connecticut, eight miles (13 km east of New Haven. ^[12] The group is now known as "The Founders. " Yale was founded to train ministers.

Originally called the Collegiate School, the institution opened in the home of its first rector, Abraham Pierson, in Killingworth (now Clinton). Reverend Abraham Pierson (1646-1707 was the first Rector, from 1701 to 1707 and one of the founders of the Collegiate School &mdash which later became Yale University Killingworth is a town in Middlesex County, Connecticut, United States. Clinton is a town located on Long Island Sound in Middlesex County, Connecticut, United States. It later moved to Saybrook, and then Wethersfield. Old Saybrook is a town in Middlesex County, Connecticut, United States. Another Wethersfield is in Wyoming County, New York. Wethersfield is a town in Hartford County, In 1718, the college moved to New Haven, Connecticut, where it remains to this day.

In the meanwhile, a rift was forming at Harvard between its sixth president Increase Mather (Harvard A.B. Increase Mather ( June 21 1639 &ndash August 23 1723) was a major figure in the early history of the Massachusetts Bay Colony , 1656) and the rest of the Harvard clergy, which Mather viewed as increasingly liberal, ecclesiastically lax, and overly broad in Church polity. The relationship worsened after Mather resigned, and the administration repeatedly rejected his son and ideological colleague, Cotton Mather (Harvard A. Cotton Mather (February 12 1663 &ndash February 13 1728 AB 1678 ( Harvard College) A B. , 1678), for the position of the Harvard presidency. The feud caused the Mathers to champion the success of the Collegiate School in the hopes that it would maintain the Puritan religious orthodoxy in a way that Harvard had not. A Puritan of 16th and 17th century England was an associate of any number of religious groups advocating for more "purity" of Worship and Doctrine, ^[13]

In 1718, at the behest of either Rector Andrew or Governor Gurdon Saltonstall, Cotton Mather contacted a successful businessman in Wales named Elihu Yale to ask him for financial help in constructing a new building for the college. Samuel Andrew (1656 &ndash 1738 was an American Congregational clergyman and educator The Saltonstall family is a Boston Brahmin family from the US Elihu Yale ( April 5, 1649, in Boston, Massachusetts - July 8, 1721, in London, England) was Yale, who had made a fortune through trade while living in India as a representative of the East India Company, donated nine bales of goods, which were sold for more than £560, a substantial sum at the time. The Honourable East India Company ( HEIC) referred to most commonly as the East India Company, also historically and colloquially as John Company, or Yale also donated 417 books and a portrait of King George I. George I (George Louis German Georg Ludwig; 28 May 1660 &ndash 11 June 1727 For the first year of his life George was the only heir to his father's and three childless Cotton Mather suggested that the school change its name to Yale College in gratitude to its benefactor, and to increase the chances that he would give the college another large donation or bequest. Yale College was the official name of Yale University from 1718 to 1887 Elihu Yale was away in India when the news of the school's name change reached his home in Wrexham, North Wales, a trip from which he never returned. Wrexham (Wrecsam is a town and principal area in Wales. It is the largest town in North Wales and lies to the east of the region And while he did ultimately leave his fortunes to the "Collegiate School within His Majesties Colony of Connecticot," the institution was never able to successfully lay claim to it.

Serious American students of theology and divinity, particularly in New England, regarded Hebrew as a classical language, along with Greek and Latin, and essential for study of the Old Testament in the original words. Theology is the study of a god or the gods from a religious perspective Divinity and divine (sometimes 'the Divinity' or 'the Divine' are broadly applied but loosely defined terms used variously within different faiths and belief systems — History See also History of New England New England's earliest inhabitants were Algonquian -speaking Native Americans including the Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. In Western Christianity, the Old Testament refers to the books that form the first of the two-part Christian Biblical canon. The Reverend Ezra Stiles, president of the College from 1778 to 1795, brought with him his interest in the Hebrew language as a vehicle for studying ancient Biblical texts in their original language (as was common in other schools), requiring all freshmen to study Hebrew (in contrast to Harvard, where only upperclassmen were required to study the language) and is responsible for the Hebrew words "Urim" and "Thummim" on the Yale seal. The Rev Ezra Stiles ( November 29, 1727 - May 12, 1795) was a Congregational clergyman Theologian and president of Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin In ancient Israelite religion and culture Urim and Thummim (האורים והתומים Standard   haʾUrim vəhaTummim Stiles' greatest challenge occurred in July, 1779 when hostile British forces occupied New Haven and threatened to raze the College. Fortunately, Yale graduate Edmund Fanning, Secretary to the British General in command of the occupation, interceded and the College was saved. Edmund Fanning ( April 24, 1739 &ndash February 28, 1818) first gained fame for his role in the War of the Regulation, but later had Fanning later was granted an honorary degree for his efforts.

Yale College expanded gradually, establishing the Yale School of Medicine (1810), Yale Divinity School (1822), Yale Law School (1843), Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (1847), the Sheffield Scientific School (1861), and the Yale School of Fine Arts (1869). The Yale School of Medicine at Yale University is a private Medical school located in New Haven, Connecticut, U Yale Divinity School is a professional school at Yale University, in New Haven, Connecticut, U Yale Law School, or YLS, is the Law school of Yale University in New Haven Connecticut. The Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences founded in 1847 is one of the oldest graduate schools in the United States. Sheffield Scientific School was founded in 1847 as a school of Yale College in New Haven Connecticut for instruction in science and engineering The Yale School of Art is one of twelve constituent schools of Yale University. (The divinity school was founded by Congregationalists who felt that the Harvard Divinity School had become too liberal. Congregationalist polity, often known as congregationalism is a system of Church governance in which every Local church congregation is independent Harvard Divinity School is one of the constituent schools of Harvard University, located in Cambridge Massachusetts, in the United States. This is similar to the Oxbridge rivalry in which dissident scholars left University of Oxford to form the University of Cambridge). Oxbridge was originally a fictional composite of the University of '''Ox'''ford and the University of Cam'''bridge''' in England, and the term is now The University of Oxford (informally "Oxford University" or simply "Oxford" located in the city of Oxford, Oxfordshire, England is the The University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University) located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the In 1887, as the college continued to grow under the presidency of Timothy Dwight V, Yale College was renamed to Yale University. Timothy Dwight V ( November 16, 1828 &ndash May 26, 1916) was president of Yale University from 1886 through 1899 Yale College was the official name of Yale University from 1718 to 1887 The university would later add the Yale School of Music (1894), Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies (1901), Yale School of Public Health (1915), Yale School of Nursing (1923), Yale School of Drama (1955), Yale Physician Associate Program (1973), and Yale School of Management (1976). The Yale School of Music is one of the twelve Professional Schools at Yale University. The Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies (FES was founded as the Yale School of Forestry in 1900 by Gifford Pinchot, head of the United States The Yale School of Public Health was founded in 1915 by Charles-Edward Amory Winslow. Established in 1923 in New Haven Connecticut, US, Yale School of Nursing (YSN has become a leading school of Nursing in the United States The Yale School of Drama is a graduate professional school of Yale University providing training in every discipline of the theatre Acting, design ( Set The Yale Physician Associate program accepted its first class in 1971 About the School The School conducts education and research in Leadership, Economics, Operations management, It would also reorganize its relationship with the Sheffield Scientific School.

In 1966, Yale initiated discussions with its sister school Vassar College concerning the possibility of a merger as an effective means to achieve coeducation. Vassar College is a private Coeducational, liberal arts college situated in the town of Poughkeepsie, New York, USA. However, Vassar declined Yale's invitation and, ultimately, both Yale and Vassar decided to remain separate and introduce coeducation independently in 1969. ^[14] Amy Solomon was the first woman to register as a Yale undergraduate;^[15] she was also the first woman at Yale to join an undergraduate society, St. Anthony Hall. St Anthony Hall, also known as Saint Anthony Hall and The Order of St (Women studied at Yale University as early as 1876, but in graduate-level programs at the Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. The Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences founded in 1847 is one of the oldest graduate schools in the United States. )

Yale, like other Ivy League schools, instituted policies in the early twentieth century designed artificially to increase the proportion of upper-class white Christians of notable families in the student body (see numerus clausus), and was one of the last of the Ivies to eliminate such preferences, beginning with the class of 1970. Numerus clausus ("closed number" in Latin) is one of many methods used to limit the number of Students who may study at a University ^[16]

The President and Fellows of Yale College, also known as the Yale Corporation, is the governing board of the University. The Yale Corporation, sometimes and more formally known as The President and Fellows of Yale College, is the governing body of Yale University in New Haven The Yale Corporation, sometimes and more formally known as The President and Fellows of Yale College, is the governing body of Yale University in New Haven

Yale and politics in the modern era

The Boston Globe wrote that "if there's one school that can lay claim to educating the nation's top national leaders over the past three decades, it's Yale. The Boston Globe (and Boston Sunday Globe) is the most widely circulated daily Newspaper in Boston and in New England, "^[17] Yale alumni have been represented on the Democratic or Republican ticket in every U. The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. S. Presidential election since 1972. Yale-educated Presidents since the end of the Vietnam War include Gerald Ford, George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton and George W. Bush, and major-party nominees during this period include John Kerry (2004), Joseph Lieberman (Vice President, 2000), and Sargent Shriver (Vice President, 1972). The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr (July 14 1913 December 26 2006 was the thirty-eighth President of the United States, serving from 1974 to 1977 and the fortieth Vice President George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12 1924 served as the forty-first President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III, August 19 1946 served as the forty-second President of the United States George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. } John Forbes Kerry (born December 11 1943 is an American Politician who is currently serving his fourth term as the junior United States Senator Joseph Isadore "Joe" Lieberman (born February 24 1942 is the junior United States Senator from Connecticut. Robert Sargent Shriver Jr (born November 9 1915 is an American Democratic Politician and Activist. Other Yale alumni who made serious bids for the Presidency during this period include Hillary Rodham Clinton (2008), Howard Dean (2004), Gary Hart (1984 and 1988), Paul Tsongas (1992) and Jerry Brown (1976, 1980, 1992). Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton (born October 26 1947 is the junior United States Senator from Howard Brush Dean III, (born November 17 1948 is an American For the football player see Gary Hart (footballer. Gary Hart (born Gary Warren Hartpence, November 28, 1936 Paul Efthemios Tsongas (ˈsɒŋgəs ( February 14, 1941 – January 18, 1997) was a United States Senator from Massachusetts Edmund Gerald "Jerry" Brown Jr (born April 7, 1938) is the current Attorney General and former governor of the State of

Several explanations have been offered for Yale’s representation in national elections since the end of the Vietnam War. Various sources note the spirit of campus activism that has existed at Yale since the 1960s, and the intellectual influence of Reverend William Sloane Coffin on many of the future candidates. Rev William Sloane Coffin Jr ( June 1, 1924 – April 12, 2006) was a liberal Christian clergyman and long-time ^[18] Yale President Richard Levin attributes the run to Yale’s focus on creating "a laboratory for future leaders," an institutional priority that began during the tenure of Yale Presidents Alfred Whitney Griswold and Kingman Brewster. Alfred Whitney Griswold ( 27 October 1906 - 19 April 1963) was an American historian and educator and President of Yale University Kingman Brewster Jr, ( June 17, 1919 &ndash November 8, 1988) was an educator President of Yale University, and an American ^[19] Richard H. Brodhead, former dean of Yale College and now president of Duke University, stated: "We do give very significant attention to orientation to the community in our admissions, and there is a very strong tradition of volunteerism at Yale. Richard Halleck Brodhead (born 1947 currently serves as the ninth president of Duke University and is a scholar of 19th-century Duke University is a private Research University located in Durham, North Carolina, United States. "^[20] Yale historian Gaddis Smith notes "an ethos of organized activity" at Yale during the 20th century that led John Kerry to lead the Yale Political Union's Liberal Party, George Pataki the Conservative Party, and Joseph Lieberman to manage the Yale Daily News. Gaddis Smith the Larned professor emeritus of history at Yale University, is an Expert in American Foreign relations and maritime Parties The Union is an umbrella organization that currently contains seven Parties the Liberal Party (Lib the Party of the Left (PoL the Progressive Party (Prog the Independent George Elmer Pataki (born June 24, 1945) is an American politician who was the 53rd Governor of New York serving three consecutive The Yale Daily News is a Newspaper published by Yale University students in New Haven Connecticut since January 28, 1878 ^[21] Camille Paglia points to a history of networking and elitism: "It has to do with a web of friendships and affiliations built up in school. Camille Anna Paglia (born 2 April 1947 in Endicott New York) is an American Author, Teacher, Feminist and Social critic "^[22] CNN suggests that George W. Bush benefited from preferential admissions policies for the "son and grandson of alumni," and for a "member of a politically influential family. " ^[23] New York Times correspondent Elisabeth Bumiller and The Atlantic Monthly correspondent James Fallows credit the culture of community and cooperation that exists between students, faculty and administration, which downplays self-interest and reinforces commitment to others. Elisabeth Bumiller (born May 15, 1956) is an American author and journalist who is currently a national affairs correspondent for the New York The Atlantic (formerly known as The Atlantic Monthly) is an American Magazine founded in Boston in 1857 James Fallows is an American print and radio Journalist who has been associated with The Atlantic Monthly for many years and has written eight ^[24]

During the 1988 presidential election, George H. W. Bush (Yale '48) derided Michael Dukakis for having "foreign-policy views born in Harvard Yard's boutique;" when challenged on the distinction between Dukakis' Harvard connection and his own Yale background, he said that, unlike Harvard, Yale's reputation was "so diffuse, there isn't a symbol, I don't think, in the Yale situation, any symbolism in it" and said Yale did not share Harvard's reputation for "liberalism and elitism"^[25][26] In 2004, Howard Dean stated, "In some ways, I consider myself separate from the other three (Yale) candidates of 2004. George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12 1924 served as the forty-first President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 Michael Stanley Dukakis (born November 3, 1933) is an American Democratic politician former Governor of Massachusetts, and was the Democratic Howard Brush Dean III, (born November 17 1948 is an American Yale changed so much between the class of '68 and the class of '71. My class was the first class to have women in it; it was the first class to have a significant effort to recruit African Americans. It was an extraordinary time, and in that span of time is the change of an entire generation. "^[27]

More recently, Yale has become a center for studying grand strategy, a catch-all phrase meant to encompass military history, statesmanship, leadership, and other disciplines thought useful for future American leaders. Grand strategy is military Strategy at the level of movement and use of an entire Nation state or Empire 's resources Military history is a Humanities discipline within the scope of general historical recording of armed conflict in the history of humanity A statesman or stateswoman or statesperson is usually a Politician or other notable figure of State who has had a long and respected career in The word leadership can refer to Those entities that perform one or more acts of leading Each year the renowned professors Charles Hill, Paul Kennedy and John Lewis Gaddis teach a year-long seminar in grand strategy to a highly selective group of graduate and undergraduate students with the aim of preparing them for wielding power in government, business and public life. Charles Hill may refer to Charles Hill Baron Hill of Luton (1904&ndash1989 English administrator doctor and television executive Charles Hill For other people named Paul Kennedy see Paul Kennedy (disambiguation Paul M John Lewis Gaddis is the Robert A Lovett Professor of Military and Naval History at Yale University. Students of the seminar are encouraged to network with one another and with guest speakers and participants. Grand Strategy alumni organizations have already sprung up in Washington, D.C. and New York City. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D The City of New York

Former British Prime Minister Tony Blair will be teaching a seminar on faith and globalization through the Divinity School and the School of Management (open to undergraduate, graduate and professional students) for three years starting in the 2008-2009 academic year.

Administration

Main article: List of Yale University people#Heads of Collegiate School.2C Yale College.2C and Yale University

The Yale Provost's Office has helped launch several women into prominent university presidencies. Yalies are persons affiliated with Yale University, commonly including alumni current and former faculty members students and others In 1977, Hanna Holborn Gray was appointed acting President of Yale from that position, and went on to become president of the University of Chicago, the first woman to be full president of a major university. Hanna Holborn Gray (born 1930 is a historian of political thought in the Renaissance and Reformation, and an emerita professor at the University of Chicago The University of Chicago is a Private university located principally in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Chicago. In 1994, Yale Provost Judith Rodin became the first female president of an Ivy League institution at the University of Pennsylvania. Judith Rodin (born 1944 PhD was the first non-interim female president of an Ivy League university The University of Pennsylvania (also known as Penn) is a private University located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. In 2002, Provost Alison Richard became the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge. Professor Alison Fettes Richard (born 1 March 1948 in Kent, England) is the current Vice-Chancellor of the University The University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University) located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the In 2004, Provost Susan Hockfield became the President of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Susan Hockfield (b Chicago, 1951 is the sixteenth and current president of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 2007, Deputy Provost Kim Bottomly was named President of Wellesley College. Wellesley College is a women's liberal arts college, in Wellesley Massachusetts, that opened in 1875 founded by Henry Fowle Durant ^[28]

Admissions

For the Class of 2012, Yale accepted 1,892 students out of the 22,813 total early and regular applicants, hitting a University record-low acceptance rate at 8. 3%. ^[29]

For the Class of 2011, Yale College accepted 9. 6% of its applicants, with a 70. 6% yield. ^[30]

For the Class of 2010, the acceptance rate was 8. 9%--lowest among the Ivy League--with a 71. 1% yield; 728 were waitlisted, of which 56 were admitted. ^[31] The interquartile range (25th percentile-75th percentile) for both the Math and Verbal sections of the SAT was 700-790.

Yale College offers need-blind admissions and need-based financial aid to all applicants, including international applicants. Yale commits to meet the full demonstrated financial need of all applicants, and more than 40% of Yale students receive financial assistance. Most financial aid is in the form of grants and scholarships that do not need to be paid back to the University, and the average scholarship for the 2006–2007 school year will be $26,900.

Half of all Yale undergraduates are women, more than 30% are minorities, and 8% are international students. Furthermore, 55% attended public schools and 45% attended independent, religious, or international schools. ^[31]

Intellectual "schools"

Yale's English and Comparative Literature departments were part of the New Criticism movement. New Criticism was a dominant trend in English and American Literary criticism of the mid twentieth century from the 1920s to the early 1960s Of the New Critics, Robert Penn Warren, W.K. Wimsatt, and Cleanth Brooks were all Yale faculty. Robert Penn Warren (April 24 1905 &ndash September 15 1989 was an American poet Novelist, and literary critic and was one of the founders of New Criticism. William Kurtz Wimsatt Jr ( November 17, 1907 – December 17, 1975) was an American professor of English literary theorist and critic Cleanth Brooks ( October 16, 1906 - May 10, 1994) was an influential American literary critic and professor Later, after the passing of the New Critical fad, the Yale Comparative literature department became a center of American deconstruction. Deconstruction is a term used in Philosophy, Literary criticism, and the Social sciences, popularised through its usage by Jacques Derrida in Jacques Derrida, the father of deconstruction, taught at the Department of Comparative Literature from the late seventies to mid-1980s. Several other Yale faculty members were also associated with deconstruction, forming the so-called "Yale School". The Yale school is a colloquial name for an influential group of literary critics, theorists, and philosophers of Literature that were influenced These included Paul de Man who taught in the Departments of Comparative Literature and French, J. Hillis Miller, Geoffrey Hartman (both taught in the Departments of English and Comparative Literature), and Harold Bloom (English), whose theoretical position was always somewhat specific, and who ultimately took a very different path from the rest of this group. Paul de Man ( December 6, 1919 December 21, 1983) was a Belgian -born Deconstructionist literary critic and J Hillis Miller (born March 5, 1928) is an American Literary critic who has been heavily influenced by—and who has heavily influenced— Geoffrey H Hartman (born 1929 is a German born American Literary theorist, sometimes identified with the Yale School of deconstruction, but Harold Bloom' (born July 11, 1930) is a Literary critic. Bloom defended 19th-century Romantic poets at a time when their reputations Yale's history department has also originated important intellectual trends. Historian C. Vann Woodward is credited for beginning in the 1960s an important stream of southern historians; likewise, David Montgomery, a labor historian, advised many of the current generation of labor historians in the country. Comer Vann Woodward ( November 13, 1908 - December 17, 1999) was a pre-eminent American Historian focusing primarily on The Southern United States &mdashcommonly referred to as the American South, Dixie, or simply the South &mdashconstitutes a large distinctive David Montgomery may refer to David Montgomery (historian (born 1927 American historian at Yale David Montgomery 2nd Viscount Montgomery of Alamein Yale's Music School and Department fostered the growth of Music Theory in the latter half of the twentieth century. The Journal of Music Theory was founded there in 1957; Allen Forte and David Lewin were influential teachers and scholars. Allen Forte (born December 23, 1926) is a music theorist and Musicologist. David Lewin ( July 2 1933 - May 5 2003) was an American Music theorist, music Critic and Composer.

Collections

Yale University Library, which holds over 12 million volumes, is the second-largest university collection in the United States. Yale University Library is the library system of Yale University in New Haven Connecticut, United States. ^[32] The main library, Sterling Memorial Library, contains about four million volumes, and other holdings are dispersed at subject libraries. Sterling Memorial Library is the largest library at Yale University, containing over 4 million volumes

Rare books are found in a number of Yale collections. The Beinecke Rare Book Library has a large collection of rare books and manuscripts. Yale University 's Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library (BRBL was a 1963 gift of the Beinecke family The Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library includes important historical medical texts, including an impressive collection of rare books, as well as historical medical instruments. The Harvey Cushing and John Hay Whitney Medical Library is the central library of the Yale School of Medicine in New Haven Connecticut. The Lewis Walpole Library contains the largest collection of 18th-century British literary works. The Lewis Walpole Library in Farmington Connecticut possesses important collections of eighteenth-century English literary manuscripts and books including the preeminent gathering The Elizabethan Club, technically a private organization, makes its Elizabethan folios and first editions available to qualified researchers through Yale. The Elizabethan Club is a prestigious social club at Yale University named for Queen Elizabeth I and her era

Yale's museum collections are also of international stature. The Yale University Art Gallery is the country's first university-affiliated art museum. The Yale University Art Gallery houses a significant and encyclopedic collection of art in several buildings on the campus of Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut It contains more than 180,000 works, including old masters and important collections of modern art, in the Swartout and Kahn buildings. The latter, Louis Kahn's first large-scale American work (1953), was renovated and reopened in December 2006. Louis Isadore Kahn (born Itze-Leib Schmuilowsky) ( February 20, 1901 or 1902 &ndash March 17, 1974) was a world-renowned The Yale Center for British Art, the largest collection of British art outside of the UK, grew from a gift of Paul Mellon and is housed in another Kahn-designed building. The Yale Center for British Art is an Art museum in New Haven Connecticut at Yale University which houses the most comprehensive collection of Paul Mellon KBE ( June 11 1907 &ndash February 1 1999) was an American Philanthropist, Thoroughbred racehorse

The Peabody Museum of Natural History is New Haven's most popular museum, well-used by school children as well as containing research collections in anthropology, archaeology, and the natural environment. The Peabody Museum of Natural History at Yale University is among the oldest largest and most prolific university natural history museums in the world The Yale University Collection of Musical Instruments, affiliated with the Yale School of Music, is perhaps the least well-known of Yale's collections, because its hours of opening are restricted. The Yale University Collection of Musical Instruments is a museum at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut.

Yale architecture

Yale is noted for its harmonious yet fanciful largely Collegiate Gothic campus^[33] as well as for several iconic modern buildings commonly discussed in architectural history survey courses: Louis Kahn's Yale Art Gallery^[34] and Center for British Art, Eero Saarinen's Ingalls Rink and Ezra Stiles and Morse Colleges, and Paul Rudolph's Art & Architecture Building. Harkness Tower is a prominent Gothic Revival structure at Yale University in New Haven Connecticut, United States. The Gothic Revival is an architectural movement which began Louis Isadore Kahn (born Itze-Leib Schmuilowsky) ( February 20, 1901 or 1902 &ndash March 17, 1974) was a world-renowned Eero Saarinen (eːro saːrinen (August 20 1910 Kirkkonummi, Finland – September 1 1961 Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States) was For other people named Paul Rudolph see Paul Rudolph (disambiguation. Yale also owns many noteworthy 19th century mansions along Hillhouse Avenue. Hillhouse Avenue, described according to tradition by both Charles Dickens and Mark Twain as "the most beautiful street in America", is in New Haven

Many of Yale's buildings were constructed in the neo-Gothic architecture style from 1917 to 1931. Stone sculpture built into the walls of the buildings portray contemporary college personalities such as a writer, an athlete, a tea-drinking socialite, and a student who has fallen asleep while reading. Similarly, the decorative friezes on the buildings depict contemporary scenes such as policemen chasing a robber and arresting a prostitute (on the wall of the Law School), or a student relaxing with a mug of beer and a cigarette. In Architecture the frieze is the wide central section part of an Entablature and may be plain or &ndash in the Ionic or Corinthian order &ndash The architect, James Gamble Rogers, faux-aged these buildings by splashing the walls with acid,^[35] deliberately breaking their leaded glass windows and repairing them in the style of the Middle Ages, and creating niches for decorative statuary but leaving them empty to simulate loss or theft over the ages. James Gamble Rogers ( March 3, 1867 &mdash October 1, 1947) was an American architect best known for his academic commissions In fact, the buildings merely simulate Middle Ages architecture, for though they appear to be constructed of solid stone blocks in the authentic manner, most actually have steel framing as was commonly used in 1930. One exception is Harkness Tower, 216 feet (66 m) tall, which was originally a free-standing stone structure. Harkness Tower is a prominent Gothic Revival structure at Yale University in New Haven Connecticut, United States. It was reinforced in 1964 to allow the installation of the Yale Memorial Carillon. The Yale Memorial Carillon (sometimes incorrectly referred to as the Harkness Carillon) is a Carillon of 54 bells in Harkness Tower at Yale

Other examples of the Gothic (also called neo-Gothic and collegiate Gothic) style are on Old Campus by such architects as Henry Austin, Charles C. Haight and Russell Sturgis. The Old Campus is a complex of buildings at Yale University on the block at the northwest end of the green in New Haven, Connecticut consisting Henry Austin ( December 4, 1804 &mdash December 17, 1891) was a prominent and prolific American Architect based in New Charles Coolidge Haight (1841 &ndash February 9, 1917) was an American architect who practiced in New York City. See also Russell Sturgis (1750-1826 and Russell Sturgis (1805-1887 for the Boston merchants Several are associated with members of the Vanderbilt family, including Vanderbilt Hall,^[36] Phelps Hall,^[37] St. Anthony Hall (a commission for member Frederick William Vanderbilt), the Mason, Sloane and Osborn laboratories, dormitories for the Sheffield Scientific School (the engineering and sciences school at Yale until 1956) and elements of Silliman College, the largest residential college. St Anthony Hall, also known as Saint Anthony Hall and The Order of St Frederick William Vanderbilt ( February 2 1856 &ndash June 29 1938) was a member of the financially and socially preeminent Vanderbilt Sheffield Scientific School was founded in 1847 as a school of Yale College in New Haven Connecticut for instruction in science and engineering Silliman College is a Residential college at Yale University. ^[38]

Ironically, the oldest building on campus, Connecticut Hall (built in 1750), is in the Georgian style and appears much more modern. Connecticut Hall is a Georgian-style building on the Old Campus of Yale University in New Haven Connecticut. Connecticut Hall is a Georgian-style building on the Old Campus of Yale University in New Haven Connecticut. Georgian architecture is the name given in most English -speaking countries to the set of Architectural styles current between 1720 and 1840 Georgian-style buildings erected from 1929 to 1933 include Timothy Dwight College, Pierson College, and Davenport College, except the latter's east, York Street façade, which was constructed in the Gothic style. Timothy Dwight College, commonly abbreviated and referred to as "TD" is a residential college at Yale University named after two university presidents Timothy Pierson College (PC is a residential college founded in 1933 at Yale University. Davenport College (colloquially often referred to as D'port) is one of the twelve Residential colleges of Yale University.

The Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, designed by Gordon Bunshaft of Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill, is one of the largest buildings in the world reserved exclusively for the preservation of rare books and manuscripts. Yale University 's Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library (BRBL was a 1963 gift of the Beinecke family Gordon Bunshaft ( May 9, 1909 – August 6, 1990) was a 20th century Architect educated at the Massachusetts Institute of Skidmore Owings and Merrill LLP (SOM is a Chicago -based Architectural and Engineering firm that was formed in 1936 by Louis Skidmore and ^[39] It is located near the center of the University in Hewitt Quadrangle, which is now more commonly referred to as "Beinecke Plaza. Hewitt University Quadrangle (until 1917 University Court; informally Hewitt Quadrangle or Beinecke Plaza) is a plaza at the center of the Yale University Hewitt University Quadrangle (until 1917 University Court; informally Hewitt Quadrangle or Beinecke Plaza) is a plaza at the center of the Yale University " The library's six-story above-ground tower of book stacks is surrounded by a windowless rectangular building with walls made of translucent Vermont marble, which transmit subdued lighting to the interior and provide protection from direct light, while glowing from within after dark.

The sculptures in the sunken courtyard by Isamu Noguchi are said to represent time (the pyramid), the sun (the circle), and chance (the cube). was a prominent Japanese American Artist and landscape architect whose artistic career spanned six decades from the 1920s onward

Alumnus Eero Saarinen, Finnish-American architect of such notable structures as the Gateway Arch in St. Eero Saarinen (eːro saːrinen (August 20 1910 Kirkkonummi, Finland – September 1 1961 Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States) was The Jefferson National Expansion Memorial is located in St Louis Missouri near Louis, Washington Dulles International Airport main terminal, and the CBS Building in Manhattan, designed Ingalls Rink at Yale and the newest residential colleges of Ezra Stiles and Morse. Washington Dulles International Airport is a public Airport located 25 miles (40 km) west of the Central business district of Washington D The CBS Building in New York City, also known as Black Rock is the 38-story headquarters of the CBS Corporation David S Ingalls Rink is a hockey rink designed by architect Eero Saarinen and built between 1953 and 1958 for Yale University. These latter were modelled after the medieval Italian hilltown of San Gimignano — a prototype chosen for the town's pedestrian-friendly milieu and fortress-like stone towers. San Gimignano is a small walled medieval Hill town in the Province of Siena, Tuscany, north-central Italy. These tower forms at Yale act in counterpoint to the college's many Gothic spires and Georgian cupolas. ^[40]

Notable nonresidential campus buildings

Notable nonresidential campus buildings and landmarks include:^[41]

• Sterling Memorial Library
• Harkness Tower
• Woolsey Hall
• Beinecke Rare Book Library
• Yale University Art Gallery
• Yale Center for British Art
• Payne Whitney Gymnasium
• Ingalls Rink
• Battell Chapel
• Yale Art & Architecture Building
• Osborne Memorial Laboratories
• Sterling Hall of Medicine
• Sterling Law Buildings
• Kline Biology Tower
• Peabody Museum of Natural History

Yale's secret societies, whose buildings (some of which are called "tombs") were built both to be intensely private yet ostentatiously theatrical, display diversity and fancifulness of architectural expression, include:

• Berzelius, Don Barber in an austere cube with classical detailing (erected in 1908 or 1910). Sterling Memorial Library is the largest library at Yale University, containing over 4 million volumes Harkness Tower is a prominent Gothic Revival structure at Yale University in New Haven Connecticut, United States. Woolsey Hall is the primary auditorium at Yale University. Woolsey Hall which seats 2695 people was built as part of the Yale bicentennial celebration in 1901 Yale University 's Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library (BRBL was a 1963 gift of the Beinecke family The Yale University Art Gallery houses a significant and encyclopedic collection of art in several buildings on the campus of Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut The Yale Center for British Art is an Art museum in New Haven Connecticut at Yale University which houses the most comprehensive collection of The Payne Whitney Gymnasium is the gymnasium of Yale University. David S Ingalls Rink is a hockey rink designed by architect Eero Saarinen and built between 1953 and 1958 for Yale University. Battell Chapel at Yale University in New Haven Connecticut was built in 1874-76 as a Civil War memorial with funds donated by Joseph Battell The Yale Art and Architecture Building (the "A & A Building" is one of the earliest and best known examples of Brutalist architecture in the United States The Osborne Memorial Labs in New Haven, Connecticut were built in the late 1800s as the home for biology at Yale University. Sterling Law Building is the building of Yale Law School. It is located at 127 Wall Street New Haven Connecticut, close to the downtown The Peabody Museum of Natural History at Yale University is among the oldest largest and most prolific university natural history museums in the world Donald Barber (born December 2, 1964 in Victoria British Columbia) is a retired National Hockey League forward.
• Book and Snake, Louis R. The Society of Book and Snake is the fourth oldest Secret society at Yale University. Metcalfe in a Greek Ionic style (erected in 1901). The Ionic order column forms one of the three '''orders''' or '''organizational systems''' of Classical architecture, the other two canonic orders being the
• Elihu, architect unknown but built in a Colonial style (constructed with an early 17th century foundation and while the building is from 18th century). Elihujpg|left|100px|Emblem of Elihu]] Elihu, founded in 1903 is the sixth oldest secret society at Yale University, New Haven CT.
• Mace and Chain, in a late colonial, early Victorian style (built in 1823). Mace and Chain is the youngest "landed" Secret society at Yale University. Interior moulding is said to have belonged to Benedict Arnold.
• Manuscript Society, King Lui-Wu with Dan Kniley responsible for landscaping and Joseph Albers for the brickwork intaglio mural. Manuscript Society is one of several senior societies at Yale University, commonly referred to as " secret societies. Josef Albers ( March 19 1888 – March 25 1976) was a German artist mathematician and educator whose work both in Europe and in Building constructed in a mid-century modern style. Mid-Century modern is an architectural interior and product design form that generally describes pre- and post- second world war developments in modern design architecture and urban
• Scroll and Key, Richard Morris Hunt in a Moorish- or Islamic-inspired Beaux-Arts style (erected 1869–70). Scroll and Key Society is a senior or secret society established by " John Porter, William Kingsley Samuel Perkins Enos Taft Lebbeus Chapin George Jackson Richard Morris Hunt ( October 31 1827 – July 31, 1895) was a preeminent figure in the history of American Architecture.
• Skull and Bones, possibly Alexander Jackson Davis or Henry Austin in an Egypto-Doric style utilizing Brownstone (in 1856 the first wing was completed, in 1903 the second wing, 1911 the Neo-Gothic towers in rear garden were completed). Skull and Bones is an elite Secret society based at Yale University, in New Haven Connecticut. Alexander Jackson Davis (AJ Davis ( July 24, 1803 &ndash January 14, 1892) was one of the most successful and influential American architects Henry Austin ( December 4, 1804 &mdash December 17, 1891) was a prominent and prolific American Architect based in New Egyptian Revival is an Architectural style that makes use of the motifs and imagery of Ancient Egypt. Brownstone is a brown Triassic Sandstone which was once a popular Building material. The Gothic Revival is an architectural movement which began
• St. Anthony Hall, (Charles C. Haight in a neo-Gothic style (erected circa 1913 to match the flanking donated dormitories {dated 1903–1906} now part of Silliman College). St Anthony Hall, also known as Saint Anthony Hall and The Order of St Charles Coolidge Haight (1841 &ndash February 9, 1917) was an American architect who practiced in New York City. The Gothic Revival is an architectural movement which began Silliman College is a Residential college at Yale University.
• Wolf's Head, Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue (erected in the 1920s). Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue ( April 28, 1869 &ndash April 23, 1924) was a renowned American Architect celebrated for his work in

The Elizabethan Club, while not a secret society, nevertheless attracts many of Yale's social elite, especially those with literary or artistic interests. The Elizabethan Club is a prestigious social club at Yale University named for Queen Elizabeth I and her era It boasts the largest endowment of any organization at Yale, and has in its collection of first editions a Shakespeare Folio, several Shakespeare Quartos, a first edition of Milton's Paradise Lost, and many other literary treasures. Paradise Lost is an Epic poem in Blank verse by the 17th-century English poet John Milton. Membership is competitive and by invitation only.

Campus life

Residential colleges

Main article: Yale College

Yale has a system of 12 residential colleges, instituted in 1933 through a grant by Yale graduate Edward S. Harkness, who admired the college systems at Oxford and Cambridge. Yale College was the official name of Yale University from 1718 to 1887 A residential college is an organisational pattern for a division of a University that places academic activity in a Community setting of students and faculty usually Edward Stephen Harkness ( January 22, 1874 – January 29, 1940) was an American Philanthropist. Oxford is currently bidding for the 2010 Wikimania Conference Oxford () is a city, and the County town of Oxfordshire, The city of Cambridge (ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ is a university town and the administrative centre of the county of Cambridgeshire, England Each college has a carefully constructed support structure for students, including a Dean, Master, affiliated faculty, and resident Fellows. Each college also features distinctive architecture, secluded courtyards, and facilities ranging from libraries to squash courts to darkrooms. While each college at Yale offers its own seminars, social events, and Master's Teas with guests from the world, Yale students also take part in academic and social programs across the university, and all of Yale's 2,000 courses are open to undergraduates from any college. Although each freshman is assigned to a residential college, only two residential colleges house their newest members. All other students spend their first year on the freshman quad.

Residential colleges are named for important figures or places in university history or notable alumni; they are deliberately not named for benefactors.

Residential Colleges of Yale University:^[42]

1. Berkeley College, named for the Rt. Berkeley College is a residential college at Yale University, constructed in 1934 Rev. George Berkeley (1685–1753), early benefactor of Yale. George Berkeley (ˈbɑrkli (12 March 1685 14 January 1753 also known as Bishop Berkeley, was a Philosopher. ^[43]
2. Branford College, named for Branford, Connecticut, where Yale was briefly located. Branford College is one of the 12 Residential colleges at Yale University. Branford is a town located on Long Island Sound in New Haven County, Connecticut, eight miles (13 km east of New Haven. ^[44]
3. Calhoun College, named for John C. Calhoun, vice-president and influential member of Congress of the United States. Calhoun College is a Residential college of Yale University. Early history In 1641 John Brockston established a farm on the plot of land that John Caldwell Calhoun (March 18 1782 &ndash March 31 1850 was a leading United States Southern politician and political philosopher from South Carolina during ^[45]
4. Davenport College, named for Rev. Davenport College (colloquially often referred to as D'port) is one of the twelve Residential colleges of Yale University. John Davenport, the founder of New Haven. John Davenport ( April 9, 1597 &ndash May 30, 1670) was a Puritan clergyman and co-founder of the American colony Often called "D'port". ^[46]
5. Ezra Stiles College, named for the Rev. Ezra Stiles College is a residential college at Yale University, built in 1961 by Eero Saarinen. Ezra Stiles, a president of Yale. The Rev Ezra Stiles ( November 29, 1727 - May 12, 1795) was a Congregational clergyman Theologian and president of Generally called "Stiles," despite an early-1990s crusade by then-master Traugott Lawler to preserve the use of the full name in everyday speech. Traugott Lawler (born 8 March 1937) is a medievalist scholar expert on William Langland, and an emeritus professor of English at Yale University Its buildings were designed by Eero Saarinen. Eero Saarinen (eːro saːrinen (August 20 1910 Kirkkonummi, Finland – September 1 1961 Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States) was ^[47]
6. Jonathan Edwards College, named for theologian, Yale alumnus, and Princeton co-founder Jonathan Edwards. Jonathan Edwards College is a Residential college at Yale University. This article is about the theologian (b 1703 for other uses of Jonathan Edwards see Jonathan Edwards. Generally called "J. E. " The oldest of the residential colleges, J. E. is the only college with an independent endowment, the Jonathan Edwards Trust. ^[48]
7. Morse College, named for Samuel F. B. Morse, inventor of Morse code and the telegraph. Morse College is one of the twelve residential colleges at Yale University, built in 1961 and designed by Eero Saarinen. Samuel Finley Breese Morse ( April 27, 1791 &ndash April 2, 1872) was an American painter of portraits and historic Morse code is a Character encoding for transmitting telegraphic information using standardized sequences of short and long elements to represent the letters numerals Also designed by Eero Saarinen. Eero Saarinen (eːro saːrinen (August 20 1910 Kirkkonummi, Finland – September 1 1961 Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States) was ^[49]
8. Pierson College, named for Yale's first rector, Abraham Pierson. Pierson College (PC is a residential college founded in 1933 at Yale University. Reverend Abraham Pierson (1646-1707 was the first Rector, from 1701 to 1707 and one of the founders of the Collegiate School &mdash which later became Yale University ^[50]
9. Saybrook College, named for Old Saybrook, Connecticut, the town in which Yale was founded. Saybrook College is one of the 12 residential colleges at Yale University. Old Saybrook is a town in Middlesex County, Connecticut, United States. ^[51]
10. Silliman College, named for noted scientist and Yale professor Benjamin Silliman. Silliman College is a Residential college at Yale University. Benjamin Silliman ( 8 August 1779 &ndash 24 November 1864) was an American Chemist, one of the first American professors About half of its structures were originally part of the Sheffield Scientific School. Sheffield Scientific School was founded in 1847 as a school of Yale College in New Haven Connecticut for instruction in science and engineering ^[52]
11. Timothy Dwight College, named for the two Yale presidents of that name, Timothy Dwight IV and Timothy Dwight V. Timothy Dwight College, commonly abbreviated and referred to as "TD" is a residential college at Yale University named after two university presidents Timothy Timothy Dwight ( May 14, 1752 &ndash January 11, 1817) was an American Congregationalist minister Theologian, educator Timothy Dwight V ( November 16, 1828 &ndash May 26, 1916) was president of Yale University from 1886 through 1899 Often abbreviated "T. D. "^[53]
12. Trumbull College, named for Jonathan Trumbull, Governor of Connecticut. Trumbull College is one of twelve undergraduate residential colleges of Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. Jonathan Trumbull Sr ( 12 October 1710 17 August 1785) (Originally spelled Jonathan Trumble was changed for an unknown reason was ^[54]

In 1998, Yale launched a series of massive renovations to the older residential buildings, whose decades of existence had seen only routine maintenance and incremental improvements to plumbing, heating, and electrical and network wiring. Renovations to many of the colleges are now complete, and among other improvements, renovated colleges feature newly built basement facilities including restaurants, game rooms, theaters, athletic facilities and music practice rooms.

On 2008-06-07, President Levin announced that the Yale Corporation has authorized the construction of two new residential colleges, scheduled to open in 2013. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1099 - The First Crusade: The Siege of Jerusalem begins The additional colleges, to be built in the northern part of the campus, will allow for expanded admission and the reduction of crowding in the existing residential colleges. ^[55]

Sports

Yale supports 35 varsity athletic teams that compete in the Ivy League Conference, the Eastern College Athletic Conference, the New England Intercollegiate Sailing Association, and Yale is an NCAA Division I member. The Ivy League is an Athletic conference comprising eight private institutions of higher education in the Northeastern United States. The Eastern College Athletic Conference ( ECAC) is a College athletic conference comprising schools that compete in 35 men's and women's sports New England Intercollegiate Sailing Association (NEISA organizes and regulates intercollegiate Sailing in New England which includes 42 member schools including club teams The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations Like other members of the Ivy League, Yale does not offer athletic scholarships and is no longer competitive with the top echelon of American college teams in the big-money sports of basketball and football. Nevertheless, American Football was largely created at Yale by player and coach Walter Camp, who evolved the rules of the game away from rugby and soccer in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. American football, known in the United States and Canada simply as football, is a competitive Team sport known for mixing strategy with Walter Chauncey Camp ( April 7, 1859 &ndash March 14, 1925) was a sports writer and American football coach known as the "Father Yale has numerous athletic facilities, including the Yale Bowl (the nation's first natural "bowl" stadium, and prototype for such stadiums as the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum and the Rose Bowl), located at The Walter Camp Field athletic complex, and the Payne Whitney Gymnasium, the second-largest indoor athletic complex in the world. The Yale Bowl is a football Stadium in New Haven Connecticut on the border of West Haven, about 1-1/2 miles west of Yale's main campus The Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum is a large outdoor sports Stadium in the University Park neighborhood of Los Angeles California at Exposition The Rose Bowl is an outdoor football Stadium in Pasadena California, near Los Angeles. The Payne Whitney Gymnasium is the gymnasium of Yale University. ^[56]

October 21st, 2000 marked the dedication of Yale's fourth new boathouse in 157 years of collegiate rowing. The Richard Gilder Boathouse is named to honor former Olympic rower Virginia Gilder '79 and her father Richard Gilder '54, who gave $4 million towards the $7. Richard Gilder, co-founder of the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, heads the brokerage firm Gilder Gagnon Howe & Co A boathouse (or boat house) is a building especially designed for the storage of Boats normally smaller craft for sports of leisure use 5 million project. Yale also maintains the Gales Ferry site where the heavyweight men's team trains for the prestigious Yale-Harvard Boat Race. Gales Ferry refers both to a village within the town of Ledyard Connecticut and to a complex of buildings within that village at the site of the ferry which gave the community its name The Harvard-Yale Boat Race or Harvard-Yale Regatta is an annual rowing race between Yale and Harvard universities Yale crew is the oldest collegiate athletic team in America, and today Yale Rowing boasts lightweight men, heavyweight men, and a women's team. All of an internationally competitive caliber.

The Yale Corinthian Yacht Club, founded in 1881, is the oldest collegiate sailing club in the world. Yale Corinthian Yacht Club is the home Yacht club for the Yale University Coed and Women's Sailing Teams The yacht club, located in nearby Branford, Connecticut, is the home of the Yale Sailing Team, which has produced several Olympic sailors. A yacht club is a sports Club specifically related to Sailing and Yachting. Branford is a town located on Long Island Sound in New Haven County, Connecticut, eight miles (13 km east of New Haven. The Olympic Games is an international Multi-sport event established for both summer and winter games

Mascot

The school mascot is "Handsome Dan," the famous Yale bulldog, and the Yale fight song (written by Cole Porter while he was a student at Yale) contains the refrain, "Bulldog, bulldog, bow wow wow. David S Ingalls Rink is a hockey rink designed by architect Eero Saarinen and built between 1953 and 1958 for Yale University. Eero Saarinen (eːro saːrinen (August 20 1910 Kirkkonummi, Finland – September 1 1961 Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States) was Thin-shell structures are light weight constructions using shell elements. A tensile structure is a Construction of elements carrying only Tension and no Compression or Bending. Handsome Dan is a Bulldog that serves as the Mascot of Yale University 's athletic teams The Bulldog, colloquially known as the British Bulldog or English Bulldog, is a medium-size breed of Dog that originated in England A fight song is primarily an American and Canadian sports term referring to a Song associated with a team Cole Albert Porter (June 9 1891 &ndash October 15 1964 was an American Composer and songwriter from Peru, Indiana. A refrain (from Vulgar Latin refringere, "to repeat" and later from Old French refraindre) is the Line or lines that are " The school color is Yale Blue. Yale Blue – the dark Blue Color used in association with Yale University – varies with use and history

Yale athletics are supported by the Yale Precision Marching Band. The Yale Precision Marching Band (affectionately known as the YPMB) is the official Marching band of Yale University. The band attends every home football game and many away, as well as most hockey and basketball games throughout the winter.

Yale intramural sports are a vibrant aspect of student life. Students compete for their respective residential colleges, which fosters a friendly rivalry. The year is divided into fall, winter, and spring seasons, each of which includes about ten different sports. About half the sports are coed. At the end of the year, the residential college with the most points (not all sports count equally) wins the Tyng Cup.

Student life

Yale College students come from a variety of ethnic, national, and socio-economic backgrounds. Of the 2006-07 freshman class, 9% are international students, while 54% went to public high schools. ^[57] Yale is also an open campus for the gay community. Gay community or LGBT community is a term used to describe the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender subculture Its active LGBT community first received wide publicity in the late 1980s, when Yale obtained a reputation as the "gay Ivy," due largely to a 1987 Wall Street Journal article written by Julie V. Iovine, an alumna and the spouse of a Yale faculty member. During the same year, the University hosted a national conference on gay and lesbian studies and established the Lesbian and Gay Studies Center. ^[58] The slogan "One in Four, Maybe More; One in Two, Maybe You" was coined by the campus gay community. While the community in the 1980s and early 1990s was very activist, today most LGBT events have become part of the general campus social scene. For example, the annual LGBT Co-op Dance attracts gay as well as straight students. The strong programs at the School of Music, School of Drama, and School of Art also thrive. The Yale School of Music is one of the twelve Professional Schools at Yale University. The Yale School of Drama is a graduate professional school of Yale University providing training in every discipline of the theatre Acting, design ( Set The Yale School of Art is one of twelve constituent schools of Yale University.

Campus cultural life features many concerts, shows, recitals, and operas.

Student organizations

Main article: List of Yale University student organizations

There are a large number of student organizations. There are a number of student organizations at Yale University.

The Yale Political Union, the oldest student political organization in the United States, is often the largest organization on campus, and is advised by alumni political leaders such as John Kerry and George Pataki. Parties The Union is an umbrella organization that currently contains seven Parties the Liberal Party (Lib the Party of the Left (PoL the Progressive Party (Prog the Independent } John Forbes Kerry (born December 11 1943 is an American Politician who is currently serving his fourth term as the junior United States Senator George Elmer Pataki (born June 24, 1945) is an American politician who was the 53rd Governor of New York serving three consecutive

The university hosts a variety of student journals, magazines, and newspapers. The latter category includes the Yale Daily News, which was first published in 1878 and is the oldest daily college newspaper in the United States, as well as the weekly Yale Herald, first published in 1986. The Yale Daily News is a Newspaper published by Yale University students in New Haven Connecticut since January 28, 1878 The Yale Herald is a newspaper run by undergraduate students at Yale University since 1986 Dwight Hall, an independent, non-profit community service organization, oversees more than 2,000 Yale undergraduates working on more than 60 community service initiatives in New Haven. The Yale College Council runs several agencies that oversee campus wide activities and student services. The Yale Dramatic Association and Bulldog Productions cater to the theater and film communities, respectively. The Yale Dramatic Association, also known as the "Dramat" is one of the oldest college Theater companies in the country

The campus also includes several fraternities and sororities. Fraternities and sororities (from the Latin words la frater and la soror, meaning "brother" and "sister" respectively are fraternal The campus features at least 18 a capella groups, the most famous of which is The Whiffenpoofs, who are unusual among college singing groups in being made up solely of senior men. The Yale Whiffenpoofs are the oldest collegiate ''a cappella'' group in the United States established in 1909

Yale is known for a number of prominent secret societies, including the senior societies Skull and Bones, Scroll and Key, Wolf's Head, Book and Snake, Elihu, Berzelius, and the three-year society St. Anthony Hall. Secret society is a term used to describe a variety of organizations Skull and Bones is an elite Secret society based at Yale University, in New Haven Connecticut. Scroll and Key Society is a senior or secret society established by " John Porter, William Kingsley Samuel Perkins Enos Taft Lebbeus Chapin George Jackson The Society of Book and Snake is the fourth oldest Secret society at Yale University. Elihujpg|left|100px|Emblem of Elihu]] Elihu, founded in 1903 is the sixth oldest secret society at Yale University, New Haven CT. St Anthony Hall, also known as Saint Anthony Hall and The Order of St Their large historic buildings are prominent features on Yale's streetscape but entry is usually strictly for members only. The Elizabethan Club is a prominent club that also has a small membership, but guests of members may be invited inside for tea. The Elizabethan Club is a prestigious social club at Yale University named for Queen Elizabeth I and her era

Sustainability

Yale's Office of Sustainability generates momentum and facilitates the process of developing and implementing best sustainability practices at Yale. ^[59] Yale is committed to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions 10% below 1990 levels by the year 2020. As part of this commitment, the university allocates renewable energy credits to offset some of the energy used by residential colleges. ^[60] Eleven campus buildings are candidates for LEED design and certification. ^[61] The Yale Sustainable Food Project initiated the introduction of local, organic vegetables, fruits, and beef to all residential college dining halls. ^[62] Yale was listed as a Campus Sustainability Leader on the Sustainable Endowments Institute’s Campus Sustainability Report Card 2008, and received a “B+” grade overall. ^[63]

Notable people

Benefactors

Yale has had many financial supporters, but some stand out by the magnitude of their contributions. Among those who have made large donations commemorated at the university are:

• Elihu Yale
• Edward S. Harkness
• Paul Mellon
• Joseph E. Sheffield
• John William Sterling
• Payne Whitney
• Edwin, Frederick, and Walter Beinecke
• William K. Lanman, who was also the main sponsor of the Tercentennial celebrations in 2001
• The Yale Class of 1954 donated $70 million in commemoration of their 50th reunion. Elihu Yale ( April 5, 1649, in Boston, Massachusetts - July 8, 1721, in London, England) was Edward Stephen Harkness ( January 22, 1874 – January 29, 1940) was an American Philanthropist. Paul Mellon KBE ( June 11 1907 &ndash February 1 1999) was an American Philanthropist, Thoroughbred racehorse Joseph Earl Sheffield ( June 19 1793 &ndash February 16 1882) was an American railroad magnate and philanthropist John William Sterling ( May 12, 1844 - July 5, 1918) was a Philanthropist, corporate attorney and major benefactor to Yale University William Payne Whitney ( March 20, 1876 - May 25, 1927) was a wealthy American businessman and member of the influential Whitney Colonel William Kelsey Lanman Jr, (October 9 1904 - March 27 2001 was a notable Benefactor of Yale University.

Notable alumni and faculty

Main article: List of Yale University people

All U. Yalies are persons affiliated with Yale University, commonly including alumni current and former faculty members students and others S. presidents since 1989 have been Yale graduates, namely George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton (who attended the University's Law School along with his wife, New York Senator Hillary Clinton), and George W. Bush. George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12 1924 served as the forty-first President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III, August 19 1946 served as the forty-second President of the United States A law school (also known as a school of law or college of law) is an institution specializing in Legal education. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton (born October 26 1947 is the junior United States Senator from George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. Vice President Dick Cheney attended Yale, although he did not graduate. Richard Bruce "Dick" Cheney (born January 30 1941 is the forty-sixth and current Vice President of the United States. Many of the 2004 presidential candidates attended Yale: Bush, John Kerry, Howard Dean, and Joe Lieberman. The United States presidential election of 2004 was held on Tuesday November 2, 2004, to elect the President of the United States. } John Forbes Kerry (born December 11 1943 is an American Politician who is currently serving his fourth term as the junior United States Senator Howard Brush Dean III, (born November 17 1948 is an American Joseph Isadore "Joe" Lieberman (born February 24 1942 is the junior United States Senator from Connecticut.

Other Yale-educated presidents were William Howard Taft (B. William Howard Taft (September 15 1857 – March 8 1930 was an American politician, the twenty-seventh President of the United States, the tenth Chief Justice A. ) and Gerald Ford (LL. Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr (July 14 1913 December 26 2006 was the thirty-eighth President of the United States, serving from 1974 to 1977 and the fortieth Vice President B). Alumni also include several Supreme Court justices, including current Justices Clarence Thomas and Samuel Alito. The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. Clarence Thomas (born June 23, 1948) is an American Jurist. He has been serving as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Samuel Anthony Alito Jr (born April 1, 1950) is an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.

Additional famous alumni are noted in the List of Yale University people, including Nobel Laureates, Pulitzer Prize winners, statesmen, politicians, artists, athletes, activists, and numerous others. Yalies are persons affiliated with Yale University, commonly including alumni current and former faculty members students and others The Nobel Prize (Nobelpriset (Nobelprisen is a Swedish prize established in the 1895 will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel; it was first awarded in Peace, Literature The Pulitzer Prize, ˈpʊlɨtsɚ PULL-it-sər is an American award regarded as the highest national honor in Newspaper journalism,

Staff and labor unions

Much of Yale University's staff, including most maintenance staff, dining hall employees, and administrative staff are unionized. Yale has a history of difficult and prolonged labor negotiations, often culminating in strikes. There have been at least eight strikes since 1968, and the New York Times wrote that Yale has a reputation as having the worst record of labor tension of any university in the U. S. ^[64] Yale's unusually large endowment further exacerbates the tension over wages. Yale has been accused of failing to treat workers with respect, in addition to the usual concerns over wages^[65]. Respect is esteem for or a sense of the worth or excellence of a person a personal quality or ability or something considered as a manifestation of a personal quality or ability In a 2003 strike, however, more Union employees were working than striking. ^[66] There are currently at least three unions of Yale employees. ^[67]

Miscellany and traditions

• Yale students claim to have invented Frisbee, by tossing around empty pie tins from the Frisbie Pie Company. The Frisbie Pie Company (1871-1958 was founded by William Russell Frisbie in Bridgeport, Connecticut. Another traditional Yale game was bladderball, played between 1954 and 1982. Bladderball was a game traditionally played by students of Yale University, between 1954 and 1982 ^[68]

• Yale's central campus in downtown New Haven covers 260 acres (1. 1 km²). An additional 500 acres (2 km²) includes the Yale golf course and nature preserves in rural Connecticut and Horse Island. The Yale golf course, owned and operated in New Haven near the West Haven border by Yale University, is a fine example of early American Golf course The Thimble Islands are an Archipelago of small Islands in Long Island Sound, in and near the harbor of Stony Creek Connecticut in the southeast ^[69]

• Yale's Handsome Dan is believed to be the first live college mascot in America, having been established in 1889. Handsome Dan is a Bulldog that serves as the Mascot of Yale University 's athletic teams The term mascot – defined as a term for any person animal or object thought to bring Luck – colloquially includes anything used to represent a group with a common

• Yale seniors at graduation smash clay pipes underfoot to symbolize passage from their "bright college years. Bright College Years is one of the traditional songs of Yale University, and often cited as the university's (unofficial but undisputed Alma mater. "^[70][71][72]

• Yale's student tour guides tell visitors that students consider it good luck to rub the toe of the statue of Theodore Dwight Woolsey on Old Campus. Actual students rarely do so. ^[73]

• The college is, after normalization for institution size, the tenth-largest baccalaureate source of doctoral degree recipients in the United States, and the largest such source within the Ivy League. ^[74]

Campus safety

In the 1970s and 1980s, poverty and violent crime rose in New Haven, dampening Yale's student and faculty recruiting efforts. Connecticut is the richest state in the United States of America, with a Per capita income of $28766 (2000 and a Personal per capita income of $43173 A violent crime or crime of violence is a Crime in which the offender uses or threatens to use violent force upon the victim In 1991, junior Christian Prince was slain on Hillhouse Avenue, resulted in a brief decline in applications and leading Yale to boost the size of its police force, transfer secondary police responsibilities to an expanded security force, and install emergency blue phones around campus. Christian Haley Prince (1972?- 17 February 1991) was a Yale student whose murder in New Haven highlighted racial and class tensions between Hillhouse Avenue, described according to tradition by both Charles Dickens and Mark Twain as "the most beautiful street in America", is in New Haven ^[75] Yale also began to make payments-in-lieu-of-taxes to the city ($2. 3 million in 2005; $4. 18 million in 2006).

Between 1990 and 2006, New Haven's crime rate fell by half, helped by a community policing strategy by the New Haven police and Yale's campus became the safest among the Ivy League and other peer schools. ^[76] In 2002–04, Yale reported 14 violent crimes (homicide, aggravated assault, or sex offenses), when Harvard reported 83 such incidents, Princeton 24, and Stanford 54. The incidence of nonviolent crime (burglary, arson, and motor vehicle theft) was also lower than most of its peer schools.

In 2004, a national non-profit watchdog group called Security on Campus filed a complaint with the Department of Education, accusing Yale of under-reporting rape and sexual assaults. ^[77][78]

Murders or attempted murders involving Yale students or faculty include:

• In 1974, Yale junior Gary Stein was killed in a robbery. Gary Stein is a sportscaster currently living in Baltimore, Maryland. Melvin Jones was convicted in the case and spent fifteen years in prison.
• In 1977, Yale student Bonnie Garland was killed by her former boyfriend, Yale graduate student Richard Herrin, while she was sleeping in her parents' house in Scarsdale, New York, where he was visiting. In the early morning hours of July 7, 1977, Yale graduate student Richard Herrin bludgeoned Yale college senior Bonnie Garland to death with a hammer as she lay sleeping In the early morning hours of July 7, 1977, Yale graduate student Richard Herrin bludgeoned Yale college senior Bonnie Garland to death with a hammer as she lay sleeping The support of the Yale Catholic community for the perpetrator caused great controversy. ^[79]
• On June 24, 1993, computer science professor David Gelernter was seriously injured in his office in Arthur K. Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) David Hillel Gelernter (born 1955 is a professor of Computer science at Yale University. Watson Hall by a bomb sent by serial killer Ted Kaczynski ("The Unabomber"). A serial killer is a person who Murders usually three or more people with a "cooling off" period between each murder and whose motivation for killing is largely based
• In 1998, student Suzanne Jovin was stabbed to death in a wealthy neighborhood two miles (3 km) from the central campus. Suzanne Nahuela Jovin (b January 26, 1977, Göttingen, Germany - d Allegations that her thesis advisor was a suspect led to the end of his career at Yale, but the crime remains unsolved.

The Yale Campus has been the site of three bombing incidents. In addition to that carried out by the Unabomber, mentioned above, on May Day in 1970, during the New Haven Black Panther trials, two bombs were set off in the basement of Ingalls Rink. May Day occurs on May 1 and refers to any of several Public holidays In many countries May Day is synonymous with International Workers' Day, or Labour The New Haven Black Panther Trials were a series of 1970 criminal prosecutions in New Haven Connecticut against various members of the Black Panther Party. David S Ingalls Rink is a hockey rink designed by architect Eero Saarinen and built between 1953 and 1958 for Yale University. No injuries resulted, and the perpetrators were never identified. On May 21, 2003, an explosive device went off at the Yale Law School, damaging two classrooms. Events 878 - Syracuse Italy is captured by the Muslim sultan of Sicily. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Yale Law School, or YLS, is the Law school of Yale University in New Haven Connecticut. The latter crime has not been solved, and no motive has been discerned; the bombing occurred while the nation was under an elevated terror alert, and while the university was involved in difficult labor negotiations. The homes of at least two former employees were searched, but no arrests have been made in the case.

Yale in fiction and popular culture

Further information: List of Yale University people#Fictional and Yale in popular culture

• A chase scene in Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull was filmed at Yale and features prominently a number of campus locations. Yalies are persons affiliated with Yale University, commonly including alumni current and former faculty members students and others Yale University, one of the oldest universities in the United States, is a cultural referent as an institution that produces members of the elite in every generation The scene ends with Harrison Ford and Shia LaBeouf crashing a motorcyle into what is portrayed as a study room of Sterling Memorial Library, filmed in Commons dining hall. Harrison Ford (born July 13, 1942) is an Academy Award - and BAFTA -nominated as well as Golden Globe -winning American Shia Saide LaBeouf (ˈʃaɪə ləˈbʌf "SHY-uh luh-BUFF" born June 11 1986 is an American actor and Comedian. Sterling Memorial Library is the largest library at Yale University, containing over 4 million volumes Yale alumnus and professor Hiram Bingham III, discoverer of Machu Picchu, has been cited as a potential inspiration for the Indiana Jones character. Hiram Bingham, formally Hiram Bingham III, ( November 19, 1875 June 6, 1956) was an American academic explorer and politician Machu Picchu (Machu Pikchu "Old Peak" 'mɑtʃu 'piktʃu is a Pre-Columbian Inca site located 2400 meters (7875 ft above sea level
• Owen Johnson's novel, Stover at Yale, follows the college career of Dink Stover. Owen McMahon Johnson ( August 27, 1878 - January 27, 1952) was an American writer best remembered for his stories and novels cataloguing the educational
• Yale also appears in F. Scott Fitzgerald's classic novel The Great Gatsby and his short stories "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button" and "Bernice Bobs Her Hair"
• Frank Merriwell, the model for all later juvenile sports fiction, plays football, baseball, crew, and track at Yale while solving mysteries and righting wrongs. Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald (September 24 1896 – December 21 1940 was an American writer of Novels and Short stories, whose works are evocative of the The Great Gatsby is a Novel by the American author F Scott Fitzgerald. "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button" is a 1922 short story by F Frank Merriwell was the fictional creation of Gilbert Patten who wrote under the pseudonym Burt L ^[80][81]
• On Gilmore Girls, Richard Gilmore, Rory Gilmore, Paris Geller and Logan Huntzberger attended Yale. Gilmore Girls was an Emmy Award -winning Golden Globe -nominated American Comedy-drama series created by Amy Sherman-Palladino This is a list of characters for the Comedy-drama Television series Gilmore Girls. This is a list of characters for the Comedy-drama Television series Gilmore Girls. This is a list of characters for the Comedy-drama Television series Gilmore Girls. This is a list of characters for the Comedy-drama Television series Gilmore Girls.
• On Beverly Hills 90210, class brain Andrea Zuckerman is admitted to Yale but decides to go to California University for financial reasons; she later is impregnated by a UCLA law student who had graduated from Yale College. Beverly Hills 90210 was a Prime time television drama series that aired from October 4, 1990 to May 17, 2000 on Andrea Zuckerman is a character from the ''Beverly Hills 90210'' franchise, who was portrayed by Gabrielle Carteris from 1990 to 1995.
• Brad O'Keefe, on Grounded for Life is admitted to Yale. Grounded for Life is an American Television sitcom that debuted on January 10, 2001 as a mid-season replacement on
• In the film Mystic Pizza, the character Kat is a Yale astronomy major. Mystic Pizza is a 1988 Coming-of-age Film directed by Donald Petrie and starring Annabeth Gish, Julia Roberts
• The 2000 film The Skulls concerns a secret society with resemblances to Skull and Bones. Skull and Bones is an elite Secret society based at Yale University, in New Haven Connecticut. That society, as well as the a cappella group the Whiffenpoofs, are elements of the 2006 film The Good Shepherd, about the Central Intelligence Agency. The Yale Whiffenpoofs are the oldest collegiate ''a cappella'' group in the United States established in 1909 The Good Shepherd is a 2006 Spy film directed by Robert De Niro and starring Matt Damon and Angelina Jolie, with near as long as it used to be several months ago It has been actively summarized and split into sub-articles and there is a dynamic talk page discussion of all
• Sideshow Bob and Montgomery Burns, of The Simpsons, attended Yale; Burns was a member of Skull and Bones. Robert Underdunk Terwilliger, better known by his stage name Sideshow Bob, is a recurring character in the animated television series The Simpsons Charles Montgomery Burns, also referred to as Mr Burns is a recurring Fictional character and Antagonist in the animated television series ^[82]
• John O'Hara, according to New Yorker contributor and Yale alum Brendan Gill, wanted desperately to have gone to Yale. John Henry O'Hara ( January 31, 1905 &ndash April 11, 1970) was an American Writer. The New Yorker is an American Magazine that publishes reportage commentary criticism essays fiction satire cartoons and poetry Brendan Gill ( October 4 1914 – December 27 1997) wrote for The New Yorker for more than 60 years George V. Higgins opined that the reason Yale University Library has the manuscript of BUtterfield 8 and the galley proofs of Appointment in Samarra is that O'Hara was "foraging for honors:"
• Norm MacDonald's character Stan Hooper on the ill-fated sitcom A Minute With Stan Hooper attended Yale. George V Higgins ( 13 November 1939 – 6 November 1999) was a United States Author, Lawyer, newspaper columnist Yale University Library is the library system of Yale University in New Haven Connecticut, United States. BUtterfield 8 is a 1960 MGM Film directed by Daniel Mann, starring Elizabeth Taylor and Laurence Harvey. A Minute with Stan Hooper, also simply known as Stan Hooper, is a short-lived American Sitcom that aired on the FOX Network
• Bette Porter, of The L Word, is a Yale graduate. The L Word is a Television Drama series on Showtime that portrays the lives of a group of Lesbian, Bisexual and
• Tom Perrotta's 2000 novel, [[Joe College]], is set at Yale in the 1980s. Thomas R Perrotta (born August 13, 1961) is an American Novelist and Screenwriter best known for his novels Election
• Aaron Sorkin characters Josh Lyman (The West Wing) and Simon Stiles (Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip) attended Yale Law School and Yale Drama School respectively. Aaron Benjamin Sorkin (born June 9 1961 is an American Screenwriter, producer and Playwright. Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip was an American The "Holy Night" episode of The West Wing was framed around a Whiffenpoofs performance at the White House. " Holy Night " is episode 76 of The West Wing. It marks the first instance of Will Bailey played by Joshua Malina as a main star The Yale Whiffenpoofs are the oldest collegiate ''a cappella'' group in the United States established in 1909
• Mary Mazzio's 1999 documentary film, A Hero for Daisy, chronicles the 1976 demonstration at Yale in which the women's rowing team demanded equal athletic facilities. Mary Mazzio is an American award-winning Documentary filmmaker attorney and olympic athtlete who participated in Rowing at the 1992 Summer Olympics.
• On Boy Meets World, Topanga Lawrence gets accepted into Yale after being put on the Wait List. Boy Meets World was an American Television sitcom that chronicles the events and everyday life lessons of Cory Matthews, who grows up from a This article contains character information for the American Television sitcom Boy Meets World.
• On Gossip Girl, Blair Waldorf (a fictional character played by Leighton Meester) fantazises about her dream college, Yale, even naming her younger half-sister 'Yale' as a good luck charm. Gossip Girl is a series of novels written for teenagers by Cecily von Ziegesar.
• On Frasier, Niles went to Yale

Points of interest

• Marsh Botanical Garden
• Grove Street Cemetery, New Haven
• Yale Sustainable Food Project Farm

See also

• Yale University Press
• Town and gown
• List of colleges and universities
• Directed Studies at Yale University
• Yale College Wrexham
• Yale Club of New York City

Books on Yale

• Lyman H. Frasier is an American sitcom, a Spin-off of Cheers starring Kelsey Grammer as The Marsh Botanical Garden (8 acres is a Botanical garden, Arboretum, and Greenhouses located on the Yale University campus at 277 Grove Street Cemetery or Grove Street Burial Ground in New Haven Connecticut is located in the center of the Yale University campus Yale University Press is a book Publisher founded in 1908. It became an official department of Yale University in 1961, but remained Town and gown are two distinct communities of a university town; "town" being the non-academic population and "gown" metonymically being the Lists of universities and colleges. College and university rankings List of universities and colleges by country List Directed Studies at Yale University is a selective Humanities study program for Freshmen, popularly known as "DS" and sometimes referred to as Yale College of Wrexham ( Coleg Iâl) is a Further education college in Wrexham, northeast Wales. The Yale Club of New York City, commonly called the Yale Club, is a prominent private club in Midtown Manhattan, New York City Bagg, Four Years at Yale, New Haven, 1891.
• Walter Camp and L. Walter Chauncey Camp ( April 7, 1859 &ndash March 14, 1925) was a sports writer and American football coach known as the "Father S. Welch, Yale: Her Campus, Classrooms and Athletics, Boston, 1899.
• Arnold G. Dana, Yale Old and New, 78 vols. personal scrapbook, 1942.
• Clarence Deming, Yale Yesterdays, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1915. Yale University Press is a book Publisher founded in 1908. It became an official department of Yale University in 1961, but remained
• Franklin B. Dexter, Biographical Sketches of Graduates of Yale: Yale College with Annals of the College History, 6 vols. New York, 1885–1912.
• Robert Dudley French, The Memorial Quadrangle, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1929.
• Edgar S. Furniss, The Graduate School of Yale, New Haven, 1965.
• Toni Gilpin, Gary Isaac, Dan Letwin, and Jack McKivigan, On Strike For Respect, (updated edition: University of Illinois Press, 1995,)
• Reuben A. The University of Illinois Press ( UIP) is a major American University press and part of the University of Illinois. Holden, Yale: A Pictorial History, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1967.
• William L. Kingsley, Yale College. A Sketch of its History, 2 vols. New York, 1879.
• Dan A. Oren, Joining the Club: A History of Jews and Yale, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1985.
• Cary Nelson, ed. Cary Nelson (born May 15, 1946) professor of English and Jubilee Professor of Liberal Arts and Sciences at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Will Teach for Food: Academic Labor in Crisis, Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 1997. The University of Minnesota Press is a University press that is part of the University of Minnesota.
• Edwin Oviatt, The Beginnings of Yale (1701–1726), New Haven, Yale University Press, 1916.
• George Wilson Pierson, Yale College, An Educational History (1871–1921), New Haven, Yale University Press, 1952.
• George Wilson Pierson, The Founding of Yale: The Legend of the Forty Folios, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1988.
• Patrick L. Pinnell, The Campus Guide: Yale University, Princeton Architectural Press, New York, 1999. The Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University.
• Yale, The University College (1921–1937), New Haven, Yale University Press, 1955.
• Anson Phelps Stokes, Memorials of Eminent Yale Men, 2 vols. Anson Phelps Stokes (1874-1958 was an American Educator, Clergyman, Author, Philanthropist and civil rights Activist. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1914.

Secret Societies

• Robbins, Alexandra, Secrets of the Tomb: Skull and Bones, the Ivy League, and the Hidden Paths of Power, Little Brown & Co. , 2002; ISBN 0-316-73561-2 (paper edition).
• Millegan, Kris (ed. ), Fleshing Out Skull & Bones, TrineDay, 2003. ISBN 0-9752906-0-6 (paper edition).

Notes and references

External links

• Yale University official website
• Yale Daily News
• Campus map from Yale University website
• Yale National Initiative website
• Photo gallery of Yale architecture

• Yale University is at coordinates 41°18′40″N 72°55′36″W / 41.311150, -72.92655 (Yale University)Coordinates: 41°18′40″N 72°55′36″W / 41.311150, -72.92655 (Yale University)

A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system.

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