Yakov Il'ich Frenkel, Russian: Яков Ильич Френкель (February 10, 1894, Rostov-on-Don – January 23, 1952, Leningrad, now known as St. Petersburg) was a Russian physicist renowned for his works in the field of solid-state physics. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead Year 1894 ( MDCCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Rostov-on-Don (Росто́в-на-Дону́ Rostov-na-Donu rɐ'stof nə dɐ'nu is the city and the administrative center of Rostov Oblast and the Events 393 - Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his nine year old son Honorius co-emperor Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Solid-state physics, the largest branch of Condensed matter physics, is the study of rigid Matter, or Solids The bulk of solid-state physics theory and He is also known as Jacov Frenkel.
He was born in a Jewish family in Rostov on Don on February 10, 1894. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Rostov-on-Don (Росто́в-на-Дону́ Rostov-na-Donu rɐ'stof nə dɐ'nu is the city and the administrative center of Rostov Oblast and the Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead Year 1894 ( MDCCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common He entered St. Petersburg University in 1910. Saint Petersburg State University ( Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет) is a Russian federal state-owned higher Year 1910 ( MCMX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Frenkel graduated from the university in 3 years and remained there to prepare for a professorship. In 1912 he finished his first work in physics on the Earth Magnetism and atmospheric electricity. Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting Earth 's magnetic field (and the surface magnetic field) is approximately a Magnetic dipole, with one pole near the North pole (see This work attracted Abram Ioffe's attention and later turned into collaboration. Abram Fedorovich Ioffe (Абра́м Фёдорович Ио́ффе &ndash October 14, 1960) was a prominent Soviet / Russian Physicist
From 1921 till the end of his life, Frenkel worked at the Physico-Technical Institute. Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute is one of Russia 's largest research centers specialized in Physics and technology Beginning in 1922, Frenkel published a book virtually every year. He was the author of the first theoretical course in the USSR. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Many students learned physics from these books, in the USSR and abroad. For his distinguished scientific service, he was elected a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1929. The Russian Academy of Sciences (Российская Академия Наук Rossi'iskaya Akade'miya Nau'k, shortened to PAH RAN) consists of the National Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
He married Sara Isakovna Gordin in 1920. They had two sons, Sergei and Viktor (Victor). He served as a visiting professor in the University of Minnesota (USA) for a short period of time in around 1930. The University of Minnesota Twin Cities ( U of M or The U) is the oldest and largest part of the University of Minnesota system. (Reference: Rudolf Peirels, "Yakov Ilich Frenkel", Physics Today, June 1994. )
When conducting research on the molecular theory of condensed state, he introduced the notion of the hole. An electron hole is the conceptual and mathematical Opposite of an Electron, useful in the study of Physics and Chemistry. The Frenkel defect became firmly fixed in the physics of solids and liquids. A Frenkel defect, also called a Frenkel pair or Frenkel disorder, is a compound Crystallographic defect in which an interstitial lies near In the 1930s, his research was supplemented with works on the theory of plastic deformation. In Materials science, deformation is a change in the shape or size of an object due to an applied force. His theory, now known as the Frenkel-Kontorova model, is important in the study of dislocations. In Materials science, a dislocation is a Crystallographic defect, or irregularity within a Crystal structure. (Reference: O. M. Braun, "The Frenkel-Kontorova model: concepts, methods and applications", Springer, 2004. ) (Note: Kontorova was a female scientist working with Frenkel. )
The results of his more than twenty years of study of the theory of liquid state were generalized in the classic monograph "Kinetic theory of liquids". In 1930-1931, Frenkel showed that neutral excitation of a crystal by light is possible, with an electron remaining bound to a hole created at a lattice site identified as a quasiparticle, the exciton. In Materials science, a crystal is a Solid in which the constituent Atoms Molecules or Ions are packed in a regularly ordered repeating The electron is a fundamental Subatomic particle that was identified and assigned the negative charge in 1897 by J In Physics, a quasiparticle refers to a particle -like entity arising in certain systems of interacting particles This page is about the Quasiparticle. Exciton is also the title of a single by IDM composer Squarepusher. Mention should be made of Frenkel's works on the theory of metals, nuclear physics (the liquid drop model of the nucleus), and semiconductors. The M acro E xpansion T emplate A ttribute L anguage complements TAL, providing macros which allow the reuse of code across Nuclear physics is the field of Physics that studies the building blocks and interactions of Atomic nuclei. In Nuclear physics, the semi-empirical mass formula ( SEMF) sometimes also called Weizsäcker's formula is a formula used to approximate the Mass The nucleus of an Atom is the very dense region consisting of Nucleons ( Protons and Neutrons, at the center of an atom A semiconductor' is a Solid material that has Electrical conductivity in between a conductor and an insulator; it can vary over that
He contributed to semiconductor and insulator physics by proposing a theory, which is now commonly known as the Poole-Frenkel effect, in 1938. "Poole" refers to H. H. Poole (Horace Hewitt Poole, 1886-1962), Ireland. There was actually not much physics from Poole and the physics of the Poole-Frenkel effect basically came from Frenkel. Poole only reported some sort of empirical results without theoretical justification. The Poole-Frenkel effect is something like an internal Schottky effect according to Frenkel. (Ref. : J. Frenkel, "On pre-breakdown phenomena in insulators and electronic semi-conductors", Phys. Rev. , vol. 54, pp. 647-648, 1938. In this paper published in USA, Frenkel only very briefly mentioned an empirical relationship as Poole's law. Frenkel cited Poole's paper when he wrote a longer article in a Soviet journal. ) (Note: Yakov Frenkel quite frequently put down his name as J. Frenkel when he published his papers in journals using the English language, for example, Physical Review. Physical Review (frequently abbreviated as Phys Rev) is one of the oldest and most-respected Scientific journals publishing research on all aspects of )
His son, Victor Ya. Frenkel, wrote a biography for his father, "Yakov Ilich Frenkel: His work, life and letters". This book, originally written in Russian, has also been translated and published in English.
External links
- Yakov I. Frenkel pn the website of Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute
- Biography of Jacov Il'ich Frenkel
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