The Yakima War was a conflict between the United States and the Yakama people, a Sahaptian-speaking people on the Northwest Plateau, then Washington Territory and now the southern interior of Eastern Washington, from 1855 to 1858. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation, or simply Yakama Nation (formerly Yakima) is a Native American group with nearly 10000 enrolled Sahaptian (also Sahaptianic, Sahaptin, Shahaptian) is a sub-grouping of two languages of the Plateau Penutian family spoken by Native American The Washington Territory was a historic Organized territory of the United States that was formed in February 8, 1853 from the portion of the For the university see Eastern Washington University. Eastern Washington is a Region of the United States defined as the part of Year 1855 ( MDCCCLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Year 1858 ( MDCCCLVIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common
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Naming
This conflict is also referred to as the Yakima Indian War of 1855 and is often seen as a continuation of the Cayuse War, which began in 1848, and its last phase is also known as the Coeur d'Alene War or Palouse War. The Cayuse War was an armed conflict that took place in the Northwestern United States from 1848 to 1855 between the Cayuse people of the region and the United Year 1848 ( MDCCCXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Together the Cayuse and Yakima Wars overall were the largest of the many Indian Wars in the newly-declared Oregon (1848) and Washington Territories (1853), which were formed in the wake of the partition of the Oregon Country with Britain by the Treaty of Washington of 1846, although the later Nez Perce War is generally more well-known. The Oregon Territory is the name applied both to the unorganized Oregon Country claimed by both the United States and Britain (but normally referred to The Washington Territory was a historic Organized territory of the United States that was formed in February 8, 1853 from the portion of the Oregon Country or Oregon (to be distinguished from the American State also called Oregon) was a predominantly American term referring to The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name of the United Kingdom from 1 January 1801 until 12 April 1927 For the game see 1846 (board game. Year 1846 ( MDCCCXLVI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display The Nez Perce War was a series of battles between the Nez Perce and the United States government.
Background
In the mid-19th Century the Yakama Indians lived along the Columbia and Yakima Rivers on the plateau north of the Columbia, on the inland side of the Cascade Range. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar The Columbia River (known as The Yakima River is a tributary of the Columbia River in south central and eastern Washington State named for the indigenous Yakama people In addition to long-standing relations with neighbouring tribes, they also had a long-established trade relationship with the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC), based out of Forts Vancouver, Walla Walla and Fort Okanagan dating back to the first trade with whites via the traders of the North West Company (which was later absorbed into the HBC). Fort Vancouver was a 19th century fur trading outpost along the Columbia River that served as the headquarters of the Hudson's Bay Company in the company's Fort Walla Walla is a Fort located in Walla Walla Washington. For the grocery chain see The North West Company. The North West Company was a fur trading business headquartered in Montreal The Cayuse and Yakama and other peoples of the region, all former clients of the HBC and friendly with the "King George" (British) and "Pasiooks (French Canadian/Metis) traders of the Hudson's Bay, found themselves facing different attitudes and policies for dealing with aboriginal peoples, and the pressure of an impeding flood of settlement led to conflicts throughout the former Oregon Country. Oregon Country or Oregon (to be distinguished from the American State also called Oregon) was a predominantly American term referring to
In May and June of 1855, Isaac Stevens, the first governor of the newly formed Washington Territory, and Joel Palmer, Superintendent of the Oregon Territory, enacted three treaties at the Walla Walla Council (1855). Isaac Ingalls Stevens ( March 25, 1818 &ndash September 1, 1862) was the first Governor of Washington Territory, a General Joel Palmer (October 4 1810&ndashJune 9 1881 was an American Pioneer of the Oregon Territory in the Pacific Northwest region of North America The Oregon Territory is the name applied both to the unorganized Oregon Country claimed by both the United States and Britain (but normally referred to The Walla Walla Council ( 1855) was a meeting in the Pacific Northwest between the United States and sovereign tribal bodies of the Cayuse, The Walla Walla, the Umatilla and the Cayuse tribes were coerced to move from 4 million acres (16,000 km²) of tribal lands to a reservation in northeastern Oregon. The Umatilla are a Sahaptin -speaking Native American group living on the Umatilla Indian Reservation, who traditionally inhabited the Columbia Plateau The Cayuse are a Native American tribe in the state of Oregon in the United States. The Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation is a federally recognized confederation of three Sahaptin -speaking Native American tribes who traditionally Over time, this was reduced down to 95,000 acres (384 km²). In a second treaty, fourteen different tribal groups agreed to go onto the Yakama Indian Reservation, giving up a combined 29,000 square miles (75,000 km²) of land. The Yakama Indian Reservation is a United States Indian reservation located on the east side of the Cascade Mountains in southern Washington. Under the third treaty, the Nez Perce were confined to a reservation that included parts of southeastern Washington, northeastern Oregon, and west-central Idaho. The Nez Perce (ˌnɛzˈpɝs are a Tribe of Native Americans who live in the Pacific Northwest region ( Columbia River Plateau) of the United Washington ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Oregon ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The State of Idaho ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States of America.
The same year gold was discovered on the recently established Yakama reservation, and conflict erupted between encroaching white miners and tribes of the Plateau. The tribes eventually united together under the leadership of Yakama chief Kamiakin, marking the start of the Yakima War. Chief Kamiakin (1800 - 1877 was a leader of the Yakama, Palouse, and Klickitat.
The U. S. Army sent troops to the region, and in August 1856, Robert S. Garnett supervised the construction of Fort Simcoe as a military post. Robert Selden Garnett (December 16 1819 &ndash July 13 1861 was a career military officer serving in the United States Army until the American Civil War, when Fort Simcoe was a United States Army Fort erected in south-central Washington Territory to house troops sent to keep watch over local Indian Initially the conflict was limited to the Yakama, but eventually the Walla Walla and Cayuse were drawn into the war, following the lead of the Yakama, and a number of raids and battles took place. Perhaps the best known of these raids culminated in the Battle of Seattle in which an unknown number of raiders briefly crossed the Cascade Range to engage settlers, Marines and the U. The Battle of Seattle was a January 26, 1856 attack by Native Americans upon Seattle Washington. S. Navy before retiring.
The last phase of the war, sometimes referred to as the Coeur d'Alene War or Palouse War came in 1858. General Newman S. Clarke commanded the Department of the Pacific and sent a force under Col. Newman S Clarke was a career military officer in the United States army who served with distinction during the Mexican-American War. For the United States Marine Corps' Department of the Pacific refer to the article Department of the Pacific (USMC. George Wright to deal with the recent fighting. George Wright ( October 21, 1801 or 1803 &ndash July 30, 1865) was an American soldier who served in the Mexican-American War and At the Battle of Four Lakes, near Spokane, Washington, (September 1858), Wright inflicted a decisive defeat on the Indians. The Battle of Four Lakes was a battle during a US Army expedition against a confederation of Indian tribes in Washington and Idaho, and is also known as the Battle He then called a council of all the local Indians at Latah Creek (southwest of Spokane), and there on September 23 imposed a peace treaty, under which most of the tribes were to go to reservations.
Aftermath
Kamiakin fled to Canada. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page 24 Other chiefs were hanged or shot. According to accounts by survivors, some of those who had surrendered, e. g. Qualchan, were summarily executed. Qualchan (d September 24, 1858) was a 19th century Yakama chieftain who participated in the Yakima War with his uncle Kamiakin and [1]
The Yakama tribe was put on a reservation south of the present city of Yakima.
See also
- Bannock War
- Cayuse War
- Fort Dalles
- Fraser Canyon War
- Nez Perce War
- Okanagan Trail
- Rogue River War
- Spokane-Coeur d'Alene-Paloos War
References
- ^ various (1988). The Bannock War was an 1878 War primarily between the Bannock people and the Northern Shoshone, tribes of Native Americans, vs the United The Cayuse War was an armed conflict that took place in the Northwestern United States from 1848 to 1855 between the Cayuse people of the region and the United Fort Dalles was a United States Army outpost located on the Columbia River at the present site of The Dalles Oregon, in the United States. The Fraser Canyon War, also known as the Canyon War or the Fraser River War, took place in the fall of 1858 during the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush in the newly-declared The Nez Perce War was a series of battles between the Nez Perce and the United States government. Okanagan Trail was an inland route to the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush from the Lower Columbia region of the Washington and Oregon Territories in The Rogue River Wars was an armed conflict between the US Army, local militias and volunteers and the Native American tribes commonly grouped under the designation Mary Moses's Statement. Ye Galleon Press. ISBN 0-87770-453-8.
External links
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