A yacht is a recreational boat. It designates two rather different classes of watercraft, sailing and power yachts. A watercraft is a Vehicle, vessel or craft designed to move across (or through Water, including saltwater and freshwater for pleasure recreation physical Yachts are differentiated from working ships mainly by their leisure purpose. It was not until the ascendancy of the steamboat and other types of powerboat that sailing vessels in general came to be perceived as luxury items. A steamboat or steamship, sometimes called a steamer, is a ship in which the primary method of propulsion is steam power, typically driving a Propeller However, since the level of luxury on larger yachts has seen an increasing trend, the use of the word yacht to mean any sailing vessel has been diminishing and is more and more limited to racing yachts or cruising yachts. Yacht racing is the sport of competitive Sailing. There is a broad variety of kinds of races and sailboats used for racing This article is about yacht cruising For cruising on cruise liners see the article Cruise ship.
Yacht lengths generally start at 32–35 feet (10–11 m) and go up to hundreds of feet. A mega yacht generally refers to any yacht (sail or power) above 100' or 34 m and a super yacht generally refers to any yacht over 200' or 70 m. The term luxury yacht refers to a very expensive privately owned Yacht which is professionally crewed The term luxury yacht refers to a very expensive privately owned Yacht which is professionally crewed This size is small in relation to typical cruise liners and oil tankers.
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History
Yacht (pronounced /ˈjɑːt/, from Dutch Jacht meaning hunting, compare German Jagd) was originally defined as a light, fast sailing vessel used by the Dutch navy to pursue pirates and other transgressors around and into the shallow waters of the Low Countries. Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname Sailing is the art of controlling a Sailing vessel. By changing the Rigging, Rudder and dagger or centre board a Sailor manages the force In some cases less is more The purpose of this article is to give an overview The Koninklijke Marine ( Royal Netherlands Navy) is the Navy of the Netherlands. Piracy is Robbery committed at sea or sometimes on shore without a commission from a sovereign Nation (as distinct from Privateering The Low Countries, the historical region of de Nederlanden, are the countries on low-lying land around the delta of the Rhine, Scheldt After its selection by Charles II of England as the vessel of choice for his return to Britain from the Netherlands for his restoration, it came to be used to convey important persons. Charles II (Charles Stuart 29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685 was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. The Mallard ( Anas platyrhynchos) probably the best-known and most recognizable of all ducks is a Dabbling duck which breeds throughout the Temperate The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands
Later, the word came to designate a wider range of vessels, almost always in private use (i. e. not used for commercial carriage of cargo or passengers), propelled by sail, power, or both, and used for pleasure cruising or racing. A sail is any type of surface intended to generate Thrust by being placed in a Wind &mdashin essence a vertically-oriented Wing. This article is about yacht cruising For cruising on cruise liners see the article Cruise ship. Yacht racing is the sport of competitive Sailing. There is a broad variety of kinds of races and sailboats used for racing
Construction Materials and Techniques
Until the 1950s, almost all yachts were made of wood, or steel in larger yacht, but now there is a much wider range of materials. The 1950s Decade refers to the years of 1950 to 1959 inclusive Although wood hulls are still in production, the most common construction material is fibreglass, followed by aluminum, steel, carbon fibre, and ferrocement (rarer because of insurance difficulties). Fiberglass (also called fibreglass and glass fibre see Spelling differences) is material made from extremely fine Fibers of Glass. WikipediaNaming Steel is an Alloy consisting mostly of Iron, with a Carbon content between 0 Ferrocement is a composite material which is used in building or sculpture with Cement, Sand, Water and Wire or The use of wood has changed and is no longer limited to traditionally board-based methods, but also includes modern products such as plywood, veneers and epoxy resins. Plywood is a type of Engineered board made from thin sheets of Wood, called plies or veneers In Woodworking, veneer refers to thin slices of wood usually thinner than 3 mm (1/8 inch that are typically Glued onto core panels (typically Wood In Chemistry, epoxy or polyepoxide is a Thermosetting Epoxide Polymer that cures (polymerizes and crosslinks when mixed with a However, wood is mostly used by hobbyists or wooden boat purists when building an individual boat.
Sailing yachts
Sailing yachts can range in overall length (Length Over All—LOA, in yachting parlance) from about 20 feet (6 m) to well over 100 feet (30 m), where the distinction between a yacht and a ship becomes blurred. However, most privately owned yachts fall in the range of about 25–45 feet (7–14 m); the cost of building and keeping a yacht rises quickly as length increases. In the U. S. , sailors tend to refer to smaller yachts as sailboats, while referring to the general sport of sailing as yachting. In some cases less is more The purpose of this article is to give an overview Yachting is an activity involving boats It may be racing Sailing boats cruising to distant shores or day-sailing along a coast Within the limited context of sailboat racing, a yacht is any sailing vessel taking part in a race, regardless of size.
Modern yachts have efficient sail-plans, most notably the Bermuda rig, that allow them to sail towards the wind. A sail-plan is a set of drawings usually prepared by a naval architect. The term Bermuda rig refers to a configuration of mast and Rigging for a type of Sailboat and is also known as a Marconi rig; this is the typical This capability is the result of a sail-plan and hull design, typically a sloop rig, that utilizes Bernoulli's principle to generate lift. For the military definition of sloop see Sloop-of-war. For the open learning project see SLOOP Project. In Fluid dynamics, Bernoulli's principle states that for an Inviscid flow, an increase in the speed of the fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in In the context of a Fluid flow relative to a body the lift force is the component of the Aerodynamic force that is Perpendicular to the flow
Classification of sailing yachts
Day sailing yachts
are usually small sub-20-feet (6 m) in length. Sometimes called dinghies, they often have a retractable keel, centerboard, or daggerboard. A dinghy is a type of small Boat, often carried or towed by a larger vessel centreboard is a retractable Keel which pivots out of a slot in the hull of a Sailboat, known as a centerboard trunk (US or case A daggerboard is a retractable Keel used by various Sailing craft Most day sailing yachts do not have a cabin, as they are designed for hourly or daily use and not for overnight journeys.
Weekender yachts
are slightly larger, sub-30-feet (9. 5 m) in length. They often have twin keels or lifting keels such as in trailer sailers. A trailer sailer is a small yacht or large dinghy style of sailboat that is moved to sailing locations and stored on a road trailer This allows them to operate in shallow waters, and if needed "dry out"—become beached as the tide falls. The hull shape (or twin-keel layout) allows the boat to sit upright when there is no water. Such boats are designed to undertake short journeys, rarely lasting more than 2 or 3 days (hence their name). Of course, in coastal areas long trips may be undertaken in a series of short hops.
Weekenders usually have only a simple cabin, often consisting of a single "saloon" with bedspace for two to three people. Clever use of ergonomics allows space in the saloon for a galley (kitchen), seating, and navigation equipment as well. There is limited space for stores of water and food. Most are single-masted "Bermuda sloops" (not to be confused with the type of traditional Bermudian ship known as a Bermuda sloop), with a single foresail of the jib or genoa type and a single mainsail (one variation of the aforementioned Bermuda rig). The Bermuda sloop is a type of fore-and-aft rigged sailing vessel developed on the islands of Bermuda in the 17th century A foresail is one of a few different types of Sail set on the foremost mast ( foremast) of a Sailing vessel: A A jib (also spelled jibb) is a triangular Staysail set ahead of the foremost mast of a sailing boat The genoa or jenny was originally referred to as the 'overlapping jib' or the Genoa jib, being named after the city of Genoa as explained below A mainsail is the most important sail raised from the main (or only mast of a sailing vessel Some are gaff rigged. Gaff rig is a Sailing rig (configuration of sails in which the Sail is four-cornered Fore-and-aft rigged controlled at its peak and usually The smallest of this type, generally called pocket yachts or pocket cruisers, and trailer sailers can be transported on special trailers. A pocket cruiser, microcruiser or pocket yacht is a small often lightweight Sailboat with a cabin, which is intended for recreational cruising A trailer sailer is a small yacht or large dinghy style of sailboat that is moved to sailing locations and stored on a road trailer
Cruising yachts
are by the far the most common yacht in private use, making up most of the 25' to 45' (7 m to 14 m) range. These vessels can be quite complex in design, as they need a balance between docile handling qualities, interior space, good light-wind performance and on-board comfort. The huge range of such craft, from dozens of builders worldwide, makes it hard to give a single illustrative description. However, most favour a teardrop-planform hull, with a wide, flat bottom and deep single-fin keel to give good stability. Most are single-masted Bermuda rigged sloops, with a single fore-sail of the jib or Genoa type and a single mainsail. A jib (also spelled jibb) is a triangular Staysail set ahead of the foremost mast of a sailing boat The genoa or jenny was originally referred to as the 'overlapping jib' or the Genoa jib, being named after the city of Genoa as explained below A mainsail is the most important sail raised from the main (or only mast of a sailing vessel Spinnaker sails,in various sizes, are often supplied for down-wind use. A spinnaker is a special type of Sail that is designed specifically for Sailing off the wind from a reaching course to a downwind i These types are often chosen as family vessels, especially those in the 30- to 40-foot (8 to 12 m) range. Such a vessel will usually have many cabins below deck. Typically there will be three double-berth cabins; a single large saloon with galley, seating and navigation equipment; and a "head" consisting of a toilet and shower-room. The head (or heads) is a Ship 's water closet or Toilet. The term derives from Sailing ships in which the toilet area for the regular sailors
Most large yachts, 50 feet (15 m) and up, are also cruisers, but their design varies greatly as they are often "one off" designs tailored to the specific needs of the buyer. The interior is often finished in wood panelling, with plenty of storage space. Cruisers are quite capable of taking on long-range passages of many thousands of miles. Such boats have a cruising speed upwards of 6 knots. This basic design is typical of the standard types produced by the major yacht-builders.
Luxury sailing yachts
These yachts are generally 82 ft or longer, in recent years, these yachts have evolved from fairly simple vessels with basic accommodation into sophisticated and luxurious boats. This is largely due to reduced hull-building costs brought about by the introduction of fibreglass hulls, and increased automation and "production line" techniques for yacht building, especially in Europe. Fiberglass (also called fibreglass and glass fibre see Spelling differences) is material made from extremely fine Fibers of Glass.
On the biggest, 130-foot-plus (40 m) luxury yachts, every modern convenience, from air conditioning to television, is found. The term air conditioning refers to the cooling and dehumidification of indoor air for Thermal comfort. Sailing yachts of this size are often highly automated, with for example, computer-controlled electric winches controlling the sails. Such complexity requires dedicated power-generation systems. Electricity generation is the process of converting non-electrical Energy to Electricity. In recent years the amount of electric equipment used on yachts has increased greatly. Even 20 years ago, it was not common for a 25-feet (7 m) yacht to have electric lighting. A lamp is a replaceable component such as an Incandescent light bulb, which is designed to produce Light from Electricity. Now all but the smallest, most basic yachts have electric lighting, radio, and navigation aids such as GPS (Global Positioning System). Radio is the transmission of signals by Modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible Light. Navigation is the process of reading and controlling the movement of a craft or vehicle from one place to another Basic concept of GPS operation A GPS receiver calculates its position by carefully timing the signals sent by the constellation of GPS Satellites high above the Earth Yachts around 33 feet (10 m) bring in comforts such as hot water, pressurised water systems, refrigerators, etc. Aids such as radar, echo-sounding and autopilot are common. Radar is a system that uses electromagnetic waves to identify the range altitude direction or speed of both moving and fixed objects such as Aircraft, ships Echo sounding is the technique of using Sound pulses directed from the surface or from a submarine vertically down to measure the distance to the bottom by means of sound waves An autopilot is a mechanical electrical or hydraulic system used to guide a vehicle without assistance from a human being This means that the auxiliary engine now also performs the vital function of powering an alternator to provide electrical power and to recharge the yacht's batteries. alternator is an electromechanical device that converts mechanical energy to Alternating current electrical energy See also Rechargeable electricity storage system A rechargeable battery, also known as a storage battery, is a group of two or more secondary For yachts engaged on long-range cruising, wind-, water- and solar-powered generators can perform the same function.
Racing yachts
Racing yachts try to reduce the wetted surface area, which creates drag, by keeping the hull light whilst having a deep and heavy bulb keel, allowing them to support a tall mast with a great sail area. Yacht racing is the sport of competitive Sailing. There is a broad variety of kinds of races and sailboats used for racing For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Modern designs tend to have a very wide beam and a flat bottom, to provide buoyancy preventing an excessive heel angle. Sailing is the art of controlling a Sailing vessel. By changing the Rigging, Rudder and dagger or centre board a Sailor manages the force Speeds of up to 35 knots can be attained in extreme conditions. Dedicated offshore racing yachts sacrifice crew comfort for speed, having basic accommodation to reduce weight. Depending on the type of race, such a yacht may have a crew of 15 or more. Very large inshore racing yachts may have a crew of 30.
At the other extreme there are "single handed" races, where one person alone must control the yacht. Yacht races may be over a simple course of only a few miles, as in the harbour racing of the International One Design; long-distance, open-ocean races, like the Bermuda Race; or epic trans-global contests such as the Global Challenge, Volvo Ocean Race, and Clipper Round the World Race. The ' International One Design' (IOD International is a class of Sail boat used for sail racing. The Bermuda Race, or Newport Bermuda Race, is a biennial Yacht race from Newport Rhode Island 65 The Global Challenge (not to be confused with Global Challenge Award) is a round the world Yacht race run by Challenge Business the company started by Sir The Volvo Ocean Race (formerly the Whitbread Round the World Race) is a Yacht race around the world held every three years Clipper Round the World Yacht Race was conceived in 1995 by well-known yachtsman Sir Robin Knox-Johnston and together with William Ward founded Clipper Ventures,
Propulsion
The motive force being the wind, sailing is more economical and environmentally friendly than any other means of propulsion. A more economical hybrid type of vessel is a motor sailing yacht that can use either sail or propulsion (or both) as conditions dictate.
Many "pure" sailing yachts are also equipped with a low-power internal-combustion engine for use in conditions of calm and when entering or leaving difficult anchorages. Vessels less than 25 feet (7 m) in length generally carry a petrol outboard-motor of between 5 and 40 horsepower (3. 5 and 30 kW). Larger vessels have in-board diesel engines of between 20 and 100 horsepower (15 and 75 kW) depending on size. In the common 25- to 45-foot (7 to 14 m) class, engines of 20 to 40 horsepower are the most common.
Number of Hulls
- Monohull yachts are typically fitted with a fixed keel or a centerboard (adjustable keel) below the waterline to counterbalance the overturning force of wind on the vessel's sails. A hull is the body of a Ship or Boat. It is a central concept in floating vessels as it provides the Buoyancy that keeps the vessel from sinking A monohull is a type of boat having only one hull, unlike Multihulled boats which can have two or more individual hulls connected to one another A sail is any type of surface intended to generate Thrust by being placed in a Wind &mdashin essence a vertically-oriented Wing.
- Multihull yachts use two hulls catamarans or three trimarans widely separated from each other to provide a stable base that resists overturning and allows for sailing in shallower waters than most keeled monohulls. A multihull is a Ship, vessel craft or boat with more than one hull. A catamaran (From Tamil 'kattumaram' is a type of Multihulled Boat or Ship consisting of two hulls or vakas joined by some A trimaran is a Multihulled Boat consisting of a main hull ( vaka) and two smaller Outrigger hulls ( amas) attached
Motor Yachts
Classification of motor yachts
- Day cruiser yacht (no cabin, sparse amenities such as refrigerator and plumbing)
- Weekender yacht (one or two basic cabins, basic galley appliances and plumbing)
- Cruising yacht (sufficient amenities to allow for living aboard for extended periods (weeks/months/years)
- Sport Fish yacht (yacht with living amenities and sporting fishing equipment)
- Luxury yacht (similar to the last three types of yachts, simply with more luxurious finishings/amenities)
Propulsion
Motor yachts typically have one or two internal combustion engines that burn diesel fuel. Recreational fishing, also called sport fishing, is Fishing for Pleasure or Competition. The term luxury yacht refers to a very expensive privately owned Yacht which is professionally crewed The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the Combustion of Fuel and an Oxidizer (typically air occurs in a confined space called a Diesel or Diesel fuel (ˈdiːzəl in general is any Fuel used in Diesel engines The most common is a specific fractional distillate of petroleum Biodiesel for marine propulsion is in the experimental stage (ie Earthrace). The boat The boat's engines are powered completely by a Biodiesel fuel source The mission Earthrace is intended to showcase environmentally friendly technologies Fuel costs generally mean motor yachts are more expensive to operate than sailing yachts.
Hull type
The shape may be displacement or planing and in between. A propeller is essentially a type of fan which transmits power by converting Rotational motion into Thrust for propulsion of a vehicle such as an A jetboat is a Boat propelled by a jet of water ejected from the back of the craft A hull is the body of a Ship or Boat. It is a central concept in floating vessels as it provides the Buoyancy that keeps the vessel from sinking Although monohulls have long been the standard in motor yachts, multihulls are gaining in notoriety. A monohull is a type of boat having only one hull, unlike Multihulled boats which can have two or more individual hulls connected to one another A multihull is a Ship, vessel craft or boat with more than one hull.
See also
- List of large sailing yachts
- List of motor yachts by length
- Luxury yacht
- List of sailboat designers and manufacturers
- Marina
- Yacht broker
- Yacht Charter
- Model yachting
- Land yacht
- Yacht no 1
- Yacht XV 1
- Sir Peter Blake, yachtsman
References
- Origin of the yacht
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- Fraser, Antonia,"Royal Charles". Table of large sailing superyachts and mega yachts which excludes many of the largest sailing ships and luxury yachts such as Clippers Tall ships, large luxury motor yachts This is a list of the world's longest motor Luxury yachts in order of their length The term luxury yacht refers to a very expensive privately owned Yacht which is professionally crewed Sailboat design and manufacturing is done by a number of companies and groups For other uses of this word see Marina (disambiguation. A marina is a sheltered Harbor where Boats and Yachts A yacht broker is a specialist agent who acts as a representative for the sale of a yacht or boat Yacht chartering is the practice of Renting, or chartering a Sailboat or Motor yacht and travelling to various Coastal or Island destinations This article is concerned with model vessels that are operated either though programatic means or by remote control Specifications Boat 1226 m long width 376 m 6 Kg of hydrogen in 3 Hydrogen tanks at 300 bar, four 1 The Yacht XV 1 is a Hydrogen sailing Yacht, power-assisted by an Electric motor that gets its Electricity from a Fuel cell. Sir Peter James Blake, KBE ( October 1, 1948 &ndash December 6, 2001) was a New Zealand yachtsman who led A number of editions exist.
- Partridge, Eric, "Origins, A Short Etymological Dictionary of Modern English", Greenwich House, 1983, ISBN 0-517-41425-2
- International Sailing Federation Racing Rules of Sailing
External links
- Sailing Yachts database: sailing yacht data sheets all over the world
- Ship tracker Find your ship
- Windermere Steamboat Museum Home to unique collection of vintage Windermere craft, including Yacht Margaret, 1780, the UK's oldest sailing yacht
Dictionary
yacht
-noun
- A slick and light ship for making pleasure trips or racing on water, having sails but often motor powered. At times used as a residence offshore on a dock.
- Any vessel used for private, noncommercial purposes.
-verb
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