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The letter Y is the twenty-fifth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. The letter A is the first letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is a (eɪ plural B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː D is the fourth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled dee or occasionally de (diː E is the fifth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled e (iː plural es or ees (also written E's E F is the sixth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ef or eff (ɛf G is the seventh letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled gee or occasionally ge (dʒiː I is the ninth letter of the Latin alphabet. Its English name is i (aɪ J is the tenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet; it was the last of the 26 letters to be added K is the eleventh letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled kay (keɪ L is the twelfth letter of the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is el or occasionally ell (ɛl M is the thirteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled em (ɛm N is the fourteenth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled en (ɛn O is the fifteenth letter of the modern Latin Alphabet. Its name in English is spelled o (oʊ plural usually o's or os; sometimes P is the sixteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled pee or occasionally pe (piː Q is the seventeenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cue (kjuː R is the eighteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ar (ɑr pronounced or) S is the nineteenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ess or occasionally es (ɛs generally es- T is the twentieth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled tee or occasionally te (tiː U is the twenty-first letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled u (juː V is the twenty-second letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled vee or occasionally ve (viː W is the twenty-third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled double-u (ˈdʌbljuː X is the twenty-fourth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ex or occasionally ecks (ɛks plural exes Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled wye or occasionally wy (pronounced /waɪ/), plural wyes. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States [1]
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History
The original ancestor of Y was the Semitic letter Waw, which was also the ultimate origin of the modern letters F, U, V, and W. Waw ( also spelled vav or vau) (In Hebrew Vav) is the sixth letter of many Semitic alphabets, including Phoenician, Aramaic F is the sixth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ef or eff (ɛf U is the twenty-first letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled u (juː V is the twenty-second letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled vee or occasionally ve (viː W is the twenty-third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled double-u (ˈdʌbljuː See F for details. F is the sixth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ef or eff (ɛf
In Ancient Greek, Υψιλον (Upsilon) represented IPA: [/u/], then later on /y/ — close front rounded vowel. The Ancient Greek language is the historical stage in the development of the Hellenic language family spanning the Archaic (c Upsilon (uppercase &Upsilon, lowercase υ Ύψιλον is the 20th letter of the Greek alphabet. The close front rounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents The Romans had already borrowed this as the letter V, to represent both the vowel /u/ as well as the consonant /w/, but in later times, because the pronunciation of Ypsilon in Greek had shifted to /y/, they borrowed it directly in its original form, stem and all, as Y — mainly to represent names and words taken from Greek. Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC
The letter Y was used in Old English, as in Latin, to represent /y/; however, some claim that this use was an independent invention in England created by stacking a V and an I, unrelated to the Latin use of the letter. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Regardless, it is fairly likely that the letter, although technically named Y Græca (IPA [u gre:ka]) meaning 'Greek u' in contradistinction from native Latin /u/, came to be analyzed as the letter V (called /uː/) atop the letter I (called /iː/). V is the twenty-second letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled vee or occasionally ve (viː I is the ninth letter of the Latin alphabet. Its English name is i (aɪ The letter was thus referred to as [uː iː], which after /uː/ became the glide /w/ and after English's Great Vowel Shift naturally became /waɪ/. The Great Vowel Shift was a major change in the Pronunciation of the English language that took place in the south of England between 1200 and
By Middle English, /y/ had lost its roundedness and merged with /i/, and Y came to be used with the same values as I, /iː/ and /ɪ/ as well as /j/. Middle English is the name given by Historical linguistics to the diverse forms of the English language spoken between the Norman invasion of In Phonetics, vowel roundedness refers to the amount of rounding in the Lips during the articulation of a Vowel. Those dialects that retained /y/ spelled it with U, under French influence.
The Modern English use of Y is a direct continuation of this Middle English use. Modern English is the form of the English language spoken since the Great Vowel Shift, completed in roughly 1550 Thus the words myth [of Greek origin] and gift [of Old English origin], which originally contained high front rounded vowels, both have [ɪ].
With the introduction of printing, the letter Y was used by Caxton and other printers in England to represent the letter thorn (Þ, þ) which was lacking from continental typefaces, resulting in the use of ye for the word the. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Thorn, or þorn (Þ þ is a letter in the Anglo-Saxon and Icelandic Alphabets It was also used in Medieval Scandinavia In Typography, a typeface is a set of one or more Fonts designed with stylistic unity each comprising a coordinated set of Glyphs A typeface usually comprises
Usage
In Spanish, Y is called i/y griega, in Catalan i grega, in French and Romanian i grec, in Polish igrek - all meaning "Greek i" (except for Polish, where it is simply a phonetic transcription of the Latin name); in host other European languages the Greek name is still used; in German, for example, it is called Ypsilon and in Portuguese it's called ípsilon or ípsilo (although in Portuguese there is also the name "Greek i"). [1] The letter Y was originally established as a vowel. In the standard English language, the letter Y is traditionally regarded as a consonant, but a survey of almost any English text, will show that Y more commonly functions as a vowel. In many cases, it is known as a semivowel (a type of consonant). Semivowels — also known as glides or non-syllabic vowels —are Vowels that form Diphthongs with full syllabic vowels
After fronting from /u/, Greek /y/ de-rounded to /i/. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly
In English morphology, -y is a diminutive suffix. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Morphology is the field of Linguistics that studies the internal structure of words A diminutive is a formation of a Word used to convey a slight degree of the root meaning smallness of the object or quality named encapsulation intimacy or endearment
The y axis means the vertical axis in graphs.
Other Germanic and Scandinavian Languages
When not serving as the second vowel in a diphthong, it has the sound value /y/ in the Scandinavian languages and /ʏ/ in German. In Phonetics, a diphthong (also gliding vowel) (from Greek grc δίφθογγος "diphthongos" literally "with two sounds" or "with The North Germanic languages or Scandinavian languages make up one of the three branches of the Germanic languages, a sub-family of the Indo-European languages The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Y can never be a consonant (except for loanwords), but in diphthongs, as in the name Meyer, it serves as a variant of "i". A loanword (or loan word) is a word directly taken into one Language from another with little or no translation
In Dutch, Y appears only in loanwords and names and usually represents /i/. Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname A loanword (or loan word) is a word directly taken into one Language from another with little or no translation It is often left out of the Dutch alphabet and replaced with the "ligature IJ". In Afrikaans, a development of Dutch, Y denotes the diphthong [EI], probably as a result of mixing lower case i and y or may derive from the IJ ligature. Afrikaans is an Indo-European language, derived from 17th century Dutch and classified as Low Franconian Germanic, mainly spoken in
Spanish
In the Spanish language, Y was used as a word-initial form of I that was more visible. (German has used J in a similar way. J is the tenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet; it was the last of the 26 letters to be added ) Hence el Yugo y las Flechas was a symbol sharing the initials of Isabella I of Castille (Ysabel) and Ferdinand II of Aragon. Ferdinand II of Aragon the Catholic (Fernando II de Aragón y V de Castilla "el Católico" Ferran II d'Aragó "el Catòlic" Ferrando II d'Aragón This spelling was reformed by the Royal Spanish Academy and currently is only found in proper names spelt archaically, such as Ybarra or CYII, the symbol of the Canal de Isabel II. The Real Academia Española (“Royal Spanish Academy” the RAE, is the official royal institution responsible for regulating the Spanish language Canal de Isabel II ( CYII) is the public company which manages the water supplies for Madrid. Canal de Isabel II ( CYII) is the public company which manages the water supplies for Madrid. X is also still used in Spanish with a different sound in some archaisms. X is the twenty-fourth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ex or occasionally ecks (ɛks plural exes
Appearing alone as a word, the letter Y is a grammatical conjunction with the meaning "and" in Spanish and is pronounced /i/. In Spanish family names, y can separate the father's surname from the mother's surname as in "Santiago Ramón y Cajal". In most Spanish -speaking countries people have two surnames. Santiago Ramón y Cajal ( May 1 1852 &ndash October 17 1934) was a Spanish histologist, Physician, and Catalan names use i for this. Otherwise, Y represents /ʝ/ in Spanish. The voiced palatal fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet When coming before the sound /i/, Y is replaced with E: "español e inglés". This is to avoid pronouncing /i/ twice.
The letter Y is called "I/Y griega", the "Greek I", after the Greek letter Ypsilon. Upsilon (uppercase &Upsilon, lowercase υ Ύψιλον is the 20th letter of the Greek alphabet.
Other Languages
Italian, too, has Y (i greca or ipsilon) in a small number of loanwords. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy.
In Polish and Guaraní, it represents the close central unrounded vowel (IPA: /ɨ/)
In Finnish and Albanian, Y is always pronounced /y/. Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland. Guaraní /gwaraˈni/ (local name avañe'ẽ) is an indigenous language of South America that belongs to the Tupí-Guaraní subfamily of the The close central unrounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents Finnish ( or suomen kieli) is the language spoken by the majority of the population in Finland (92% As of 2006) and by ethnic Finns outside Albanian (sq ''Gjuha shqipe'' ˈɟuha ˈʃcipɛ is an Indo-European language spoken by nearly 6 million peoplewhile others claim that it derives from Daco -
In Lithuanian Y is 15th letter and is a vowel. Lithuanian ( lietuvių kalba) is the official state language of Lithuania and is recognised as one of the official languages of the European Union. It is called the long i and is pronounced /i:/ like in English see.
In Faroese and Icelandic, it's always pronounced i. Faroese ( føroyskt ˈføːɹɪst or) often also spelled Faeroese (cf Icelandic ( is a North Germanic language, the language of Iceland. It can also be the part of diphthongs: ey and oy (Faroese only).
In Azerbaijani Y is pronounced as ya. Azerbaijan ( English; Azərbaycan officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azərbaycan Respublikası is the largest and most populous country in the South
In contrast, in the Latin transcription of Nenets (Nyenec) the letter "y" palatalizes the preceding consonant. Nenets ( autonym: ненэця" вада is a language spoken by the Nenets people in northern Russia. Palatalization or palatalisation (ˌpælətəlɨˈzeɪʃən generally refers to two phenomena As a process or the result of a process The letter Y shows how letters change their function.
When used as a vowel in Vietnamese, the letter y represents the close front unrounded vowel. Vietnamese ( tiếng Việt, or less commonly Việt ngữ) formerly known under French colonization as Annamese ( see Annam) The close front unrounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in many spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents When used as a monophthong, it is functionally equivalent to the Vietnamese letter i. Thus, Mỹ Lai does not rhyme but mỳ Lee does. There have been efforts to replace all such uses with i altogether, but they have been largely unsuccessful.
In Quechua and Aymara, Y is always /j/. Quechua ( Runa Simi) is a Native American language of South America. Aymara ( Aymar aru) is an Aymaran language spoken by the Aymara people of the Andes.
Significance in the IPA
In the International Phonetic Alphabet, [y] corresponds to the close front rounded vowel, and the slightly different character [ʏ] corresponds to the near-close near-front rounded vowel. The close front rounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents The near-close near-front rounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet
It is indicative of the rarity of front rounded vowels that [y] is the rarest sound represented in the IPA by a letter of the Latin alphabet, being cross-linguistically less than half as frequent as [q] or [c] and only about a quarter as frequent as [x]. The voiceless uvular plosive is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages It is pronounced like, except that the tongue makes contact not The voiceless palatal plosive is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that The voiceless velar fricative, informally known as the hard ch, is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the
Codes for computing
| NATO phonetic | Morse code | ||
| Yankee | |||
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| Signal flag | Flag semaphore | ASL Manual | Braille |
In Unicode the capital Y is codepoint U+0059 and the lower case y is U+0079. The NATO phonetic alphabet, more formally the international radiotelephony spelling alphabet, is the most widely used Spelling alphabet. Morse code is a Character encoding for transmitting telegraphic information using standardized sequences of short and long elements to represent the letters numerals Flag semaphore is a system for conveying information at a distance by means of visual signals with hand-held flags rods disks paddles or occasionally bare or gloved hands The American Manual Alphabet is a Manual alphabet that augments the vocabulary of American Sign Language when spelling individual letters of a word is the preferred The Braille system is a method that is widely used by blind people to read and write In Computing, Unicode is an Industry standard allowing Computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in most of the world's Capital letters or majuscules pronunciation /məˈdʒʌskyuls ˈmædʒəˌskyuls/ in the Roman alphabet A, B, C, D, Lower case (also lower-case or lowercase) minuscule, or small letters are the smaller form of letters as opposed to upper
The ASCII code for capital Y is 89 and for lowercase y is 121; or in binary 01011001 and 01111001, correspondingly. American Standard Code for Information Interchange ( ASCII) The binary numeral system, or base-2 number system, is a Numeral system that represents numeric values using two symbols usually 0 and 1.
The EBCDIC code for capital Y is 232 and for lowercase y is 168. Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code ( EBCDIC) is an 8- Bit Character encoding ( Code page) used on IBM mainframe Operating
The numeric character references in HTML and XML are "Y" and "y" for upper and lower case respectively. A numeric character reference (NCR is a common markup construct used in SGML and other SGML-based markup languages such as HTML and XML. HTML, an initialism of HyperText Markup Language, is the predominant Markup language for Web pages It provides a means to describe the structure Don't change "Extensible"
See also
- Υ, the Greek upsilon
- У, the Cyrillic U
- Ү, the Cyrillic Ue (Straight U)
- Ɏ, a Y with a stroke in the Latin alphabet
- Ƴ, a hooked Y in the Latin alphabet
- ¥, a currency symbol
- In the Japanese resale price maintenance system for music and print publications, saihan seido, the typographic symbol Ⓨ marks the first date for the fixed price and Ⓧ marks the last date. Upsilon (uppercase &Upsilon, lowercase υ Ύψιλον is the 20th letter of the Greek alphabet. U (У у is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the vowel /u/ after non-palatalized (hard consonants The Cyrillic letter Straight U (Ү ү (in Mongolian, Kazakh, Tatar, Bashkir languages Buryat and Kalmyk langugages and many others The open-mid central rounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet Ƴ ( minuscule: ƴ) is a letter of the Latin alphabet, formed from Y with the addition of a hook. ¥￥ This page lists Japanese typographic symbols which are not included in Kana or Kanji. X is the twenty-fourth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ex or occasionally ecks (ɛks plural exes
References
- ^ "Y" Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition (1989); Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged (1993); "wy," op. cit.
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Letter Y with diacritics
history • palaeography • derivations • diacritics • punctuation • numerals • Unicode • list of letters |
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