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XHTML
File name extension . A filename extension is a suffix to the name of a Computer file applied to indicate the encoding convention ( File format) of its contents xhtml, . xht, . html, . htm
Internet media type application/xhtml+xml
Developed by World Wide Web Consortium
Type of format Markup language
Extended from XML, HTML
HTML
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The Extensible Hypertext Markup Language, or XHTML, is a markup language that has the same depth of expression as HTML, but also conforms to XML syntax. An Internet media type, originally called a MIME type after MIME and sometimes a Content-type after the name of a header in several protocols whose value A markup language is an Artificial language using a set of annotations to text that give instructions regarding the structure of text or how it is to be displayed Don't change "Extensible" HTML, an initialism of HyperText Markup Language, is the predominant Markup language for Web pages It provides a means to describe the structure HTML, an initialism of HyperText Markup Language, is the predominant Markup language for Web pages It provides a means to describe the structure HTML has been in use since 1991, but HTML 40 (December 1997 was the first standardized version where international characters were given reasonably complete treatment Dynamic HTML, or DHTML, is a collection of technologies used together to create interactive and animated Web sites by using a combination of a static Markup In HTML and XHTML, a font face or font family is the typeface that is applied to some text An HTML editor is a software application for creating Web pages Although the HTML markup of a web page can be written with any Text editor, specialized In Computing, an HTML element indicates structure in an HTML document and a way of hierarchically arranging content HTML Series The W3C HTML standard includes support for Client-side scripting. A layout engine, or rendering engine, is software that takes marked up content (such as HTML, XML, image files etc Quirks mode refers to a technique used by some Web browsers for the sake of maintaining backwards compatibility with Web pages designed for older browsers instead of Web style sheets are a form of Separation of presentation and content for Web design in which the markup (i Web pages authored using hypertext markup language ( HTML) may contain multilingual text represented with the Unicode universal character set. Web colors are Colors used in designing web pages and the methods for describing and specifying those colors The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of Web browsers Please see the individual products' articles for further information The following tables compare HTML compatibility and support for a number of Layout engines Please see the individual products' articles for further information The following tables compare support of HTML 5 differences from HTML 4 for a number of Layout engines The specification is still a working draft not The following tables compare deprecated and proprietary HTML tags and attributes compatibility and support for a number of Layout engines Please see the individual products' articles for The following tables compare XHTML compatibility and support for a number of Layout engines Please see the individual products' articles for further information A markup language is an Artificial language using a set of annotations to text that give instructions regarding the structure of text or how it is to be displayed HTML, an initialism of HyperText Markup Language, is the predominant Markup language for Web pages It provides a means to describe the structure Don't change "Extensible"

While HTML is an application of Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), a very flexible markup language, XHTML is an application of XML, a more restrictive subset of SGML. The Standard Generalized Markup Language ( ISO 88791986 SGML) is an ISO Standard Metalanguage in which one can define Markup languages Don't change "Extensible" Because they need to be well-formed, true XHTML documents allow for automated processing to be performed using standard XML tools—unlike HTML, which requires a relatively complex, lenient, and generally custom parser. Don't change "Extensible" In Computer science and Linguistics, parsing, or more formally syntactic analysis, is the process of analyzing a sequence of tokens to XHTML can be thought of as the intersection of HTML and XML in many respects, since it is a reformulation of HTML in XML. XHTML 1. 0 became a World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Recommendation on January 26, 2000. A W3C Recommendation is the final stage of a Ratification process of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C working group concerning the Standard. Events 1340 - King Edward III of England is declared King of France. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. XHTML 1. 1 became a W3C Recommendation on May 31, 2001. Events 1279 BC - Rameses II (The Great (19th dynasty becomes pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar.

Contents

Overview

XHTML is "a reformulation of the three HTML 4 document types as applications of XML 1. 0". [1] The W3C also continues to maintain the HTML 4. 01 Recommendation and the specifications for HTML 5 and XHTML 5 are being actively developed. HTML 5 ( HyperText Markup Language 5) is planned to be the fifth major revision of the core language of the World Wide Web, HTML. In the current XHTML 1. 0 Recommendation document, as published and revised to August 2002, the W3C comments that, "The XHTML family is the next step in the evolution of the Internet. By migrating to XHTML today, content developers can enter the XML world with all of its attendant benefits, while still remaining confident in their content's backward and future compatibility. "[1]

Motivation

The need for a reformulated version of HTML was felt primarily because World Wide Web content now needs to be delivered to many devices (like mobile devices) apart from traditional desktop computers, where extra resources cannot be devoted to support the additional complexity of HTML syntax. The World Wide Web (commonly shortened to the Web) is a system of interlinked Hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. Mobile computing is a generic term describing one's ability to use technology while moving as opposed to Portable computers which are only practical for use while deployed in A computer is a Machine that manipulates data according to a list of instructions. In practice, however, HTML-supporting browsers for such constrained devices have emerged faster than XHTML support has been added to the desktop browser with the largest market share, Internet Explorer. Windows Internet Explorer (formerly Microsoft Internet Explorer abbreviated MSIE) commonly abbreviated to IE, is a series of graphical

Another goal for XHTML and XML was to reduce the demands on parsers and user agents in general. A user agent is the client application used with a particular Network protocol; the phrase is most commonly used in reference to those which access the World With HTML, user agents increasingly took on the burden of "correcting" errant documents. Instead, XML requires user agents to give a "fatal" error when encountering malformed XML. In theory, this allows for vendors to produce leaner browsers, without the obligation to work around author errors. A side effect of this behavior is that those authoring XHTML documents and testing in conformant browsers should be more readily alerted to errors that may have gone otherwise unnoticed if the browser had attempted to render or ignore the malformed markup.

A feature XHTML inherits from its XML underpinnings is XML namespaces. A namespace is an abstract container or environment created to hold a logical grouping of unique identifiers (i With namespaces, authors or communities of authors can define their own XML elements, attributes and content models to mix within XHTML documents. This is similar to the semantic flexibility of the class attribute in an HTML element, but with fewer restrictions. In Computing, an HTML element indicates structure in an HTML document and a way of hierarchically arranging content Some W3C XML namespaces/schema that can be mixed with XHTML include MathML for semantic math markup, Scalable Vector Graphics for markup of vector graphics, and RDFa for embedding RDF data. Mathematical Markup Language ( MathML) is an application of XML for describing mathematical notations and capturing both its structure and content RDFa (or Resource Description Framework - in - attributes is a set of extensions to XHTML being proposed by W3C. The Resource Description Framework (RDF is a family of World Wide Web Consortium (W3C Specifications originally designed as a Metadata Data

Relationship to HTML

HTML is the antecedent technology to XHTML. The changes from HTML to first-generation XHTML 1. 0 are minor and are mainly to achieve conformance with XML. The most important change is the requirement that the document must be well-formed and that all elements must be explicitly closed as required in XML. In Web page design, and generally for all markup languages such as SGML, HTML, and XML, a well-formed element is one that is either In Computing, an HTML element indicates structure in an HTML document and a way of hierarchically arranging content In XML, all element and attribute names are case-sensitive, so the XHTML approach has been to define all tag names to be lowercase. Text sometimes exhibits case sensitivity; that is words can differ in meaning based on differing use of uppercase and lowercase letters

This contrasts with some earlier established traditions which began around the time of HTML 2. 0, when many used uppercase tags. In XHTML, all attribute values must be enclosed by quotes; either single (') or double (") quotes may be used. In contrast, this was sometimes optional in SGML-based HTML, where numeric or boolean attributes can omit quotes. All elements must also be explicitly closed, including empty (aka singleton) elements such as img and br. This can be done by adding a closing slash to the start tag, e. g. , <img /> and <br />. Attribute minimization (e. g. , <option selected>) is also prohibited, as the attribute selected contains no explicit value; instead this would be written as <option selected="selected">.

HTML elements which are optional in the content model will not appear in the DOM tree unless they are explicitly specified. The Document Object Model ( DOM) is a platform- and language -independent standard Object model for representing HTML or XML and related For example, an XHTML page must have a <body> element, and a table will not have a <tbody> element unless the author specifies one.

The XHTML 1. 0 recommendation devotes a section to differences between HTML and XHTML. [2]. The WHATWG wiki similarly considers differences that arise with the use of (X)HTML5. [3].

Because XHTML and HTML are closely related technologies, sometimes they are written about and documented in parallel. In such circumstances, some authors conflate the two names by using a parenthetical notation, such as (X)HTML. This indicates that the documentation and principles can be considered to apply generally to both standards. [4]

Adoption

Adoption of XHTML continues at an uneven pace.

The similarities between HTML 4. 01 and XHTML 1. 0 led many web authors, content management systems and web sites to adopt the initial W3C XHTML 1. 0 recommendations. To aid authors in the transition, the W3C included an appendix to the XHTML 1. 0 recommendations describing how to publish XHTML 1. 0 documents as HTML-compatible documents and serve them to HTML browsers that were not designed for XHTML. [5]

Browser support for XHTML 1. 0 remains incomplete even though it has been many years since the Recommendation status of XHTML 1. 0. For example, Internet Explorer by Microsoft (MSIE) has had XML parsing capabilities since version 5. Windows Internet Explorer (formerly Microsoft Internet Explorer abbreviated MSIE) commonly abbreviated to IE, is a series of graphical Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational Computer technology Corporation, which rose to dominate the Home computer 0 in 1999, but even in mid-2007, the current version (IE7) still does not support XHTML documents served as XML, nor does IE 8 beta 1; it only renders them correctly when they are served as HTML and are authored in accordance with the HTML compatibility guidelines. MSIE developer Chris Wilson explained in 2005 that IE7's priorities were improved security and CSS support, and that proper XHTML support would be difficult to graft onto IE's compatibility-oriented HTML parser. [6]

Most other browsers now have mature support for all of the possible XHTML MIME types [7]. Early implementations (such as Mozilla 0. 7 and Opera 6. 0, both released in 2001) do not incrementally render XHTML [8] as it is received over the network, giving a degraded user experience. Later browsers such as Opera 9. 0, Safari 3. 0 and Firefox 3. 0 (presently still in beta) have gained incremental rendering to resolve the issue.

Obstacles from browser vendors have slowed the effective rate of the adoption. Without broader browser support, XHTML documents are commonly served as HTML, so advantages of XML such as namespaces, faster parsing and smaller-footprint browsers do not benefit the user.

Recently, notable developers have begun to question why Web authors ever made the leap into authoring in XHTML. [9][10][11] In October 2006, HTML inventor and W3C chair Tim Berners-Lee, explaining the motivation for the resumption of HTML (not XHTML) development, posted in his blog: "The attempt to get the world to switch to XML, including quotes around attribute values and slashes in empty tags and namespaces all at once didn't work. Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee OM KBE FRS FREng FRSA (born 8 June 1955 is an English computer scientist who is credited The large HTML-generating public did not move, largely because the browsers didn't complain. "[12]

Versions of XHTML

XHTML 1. 0

Wikipedia uses XHTML 1.0 Transitional
Wikipedia uses XHTML 1. ***************************************************************************************** * * 0 Transitional

The original XHTML W3C Recommendation, XHTML 1. 0, was simply a reformulation of HTML 4. 01 in XML. There are three different "DTDs" of XHTML 1. Document Type Definition ( DTD) is one of several SGML and XML schema languages and is also the term used to describe a document or portion thereof that 0, each equal in scope to their respective HTML 4. 01 versions.

XHTML 1. 1

The most recent XHTML Recommendation by the W3C is XHTML 1. 1: Module-based XHTML. [13] This is a reformulation of XHTML 1. 0 Strict, with minor modifications, using a set of modules selected from a larger set defined in Modularization of XHTML, which itself provides a modularized framework, a standard set of those modules, and various conformance definitions. All deprecated features of HTML, such as presentational elements and framesets, and lang and anchor name attributes, which were still allowed in XHTML 1. 0 Strict, have been removed from this revision. Presentation is controlled purely by CSS. This version also allows for ruby markup support, needed for East-Asian languages (especially CJK). Ruby characters are small annotative Glosses that can be placed above or to the right of a Chinese character when writing logographic languages such as CJK is a collective term for Chinese, Japanese, and Korean, which constitute the main East Asian languages.

Module-based XHTML adds the concept of a "strictly conforming" document: it must be a complete document containing only elements defined in the modules required by XHTML 1. 1. For example, if a document is extended with the predefined XHTML Frames module, or some module formulated by a third-party, it does not qualify as strictly conforming XHTML 1. 1 for use on the Web.

As of June 2008, the second edition of XHTML 1. 1 has been approved for general use.

Other members of the XHTML family derived from XHTML 1. 1

XHTML 2. 0

Work on XHTML 2. 0 is, as of 2008, still ongoing. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The current XHTML 2. 0 Working Draft is controversial because it breaks backward compatibility with aspects of previous versions (X)HTML.

New features brought into the HTML family of markup languages by XHTML 2. A markup language is an Artificial language using a set of annotations to text that give instructions regarding the structure of text or how it is to be displayed 0:

HTML5 (Draft)

On 2007-04-10, the Mozilla Foundation, Apple and Opera Software proposed[14] that the new HTML working group of the W3C adopt the WHATWG's HTML5 as the starting point of its work and name its future deliverable "HTML5". Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 879 - Louis III becomes King of the Western Franks. 1407 - the lama The Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group, or WHATWG, is a community of people interested in evolving HTML and related technologies HTML 5 ( HyperText Markup Language 5) is planned to be the fifth major revision of the core language of the World Wide Web, HTML. A month later, the new HTML working group resolved to do that. [15] On 2008-01-22, the working group published HTML 5 as a Working Draft. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus. [16]

The HTML5 draft defines a parallel XML serialization for HTML5. The XML serialization is called XHTML5. Unlike XHTML 2. 0, XHTML5 is intended to be compatible with XHTML 1. x.

Valid XHTML documents

An XHTML document that conforms to an XHTML specification is said to be valid. Validity assures consistency in document code, which in turn eases processing, but does not necessarily ensure consistent rendering by browsers. A document can be checked for validity with the W3C Markup Validation Service. The Markup Validation Service by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C allows Internet users to check HTML documents for conformance to HTML or In practice, many web development programs such as Dreamweaver provide code validation based on the W3C standards. Adobe Dreamweaver is a Web development application originally created by Allaire Systems who was acquired approximately 1998 by Macromedia and is now owned

DOCTYPEs

In order to validate an XHTML document, a Document Type Declaration, or DOCTYPE, may be used. A Document Type Declaration, or DOCTYPE, is an instruction that associates a particular SGML or XML document (for example a Webpage) with a A DOCTYPE declares to the browser which Document Type Definition (DTD) the document conforms to. Document Type Definition ( DTD) is one of several SGML and XML schema languages and is also the term used to describe a document or portion thereof that A Document Type Declaration should be placed before the root element. Each XML document has one and exactly one single root element.

The system identifier part of the DOCTYPE, which in these examples is the URL that begins with http://, need only point to a copy of the DTD to use if the validator cannot locate one based on the public identifier (the other quoted string). A system identifier is a document processing construct introduced in the HyTime markup language as a supplement to SGML. Uniform Resource Locator is an URI which also specifies where the identified resource is available and the protocol for retrieving it A public identifier is a document processing construct in SGML and XML. It does not need to be the specific URL that is in these examples; in fact, authors are encouraged to use local copies of the DTD files when possible. The public identifier, however, must be character-for-character the same as in the examples.

These are the most common XHTML Document Type Declarations:

XHTML 1. 0 Strict
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1. 0 Strict//EN"
"http://www. w3. org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict. dtd">
XHTML 1. 0 Transitional
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1. 0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www. w3. org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional. dtd">
XHTML 1. 0 Frameset
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1. 0 Frameset//EN"
"http://www. w3. org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-frameset. dtd">
XHTML 1. 1
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1. 1//EN"
"http://www. w3. org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11. dtd">
HTML 5

HTML5 does not require a doctype, and HTML 5 validation is not DTD-based.

XHTML 2. 0

XHTML 2. 0, As of April 2008, is in a draft phase. International holidays and other major events April 1 - April Fools' Day April 4 - Qingming Festival (Mainland If an XHTML 2. 0 Recommendation is published with the same document type declaration as in the current Working Draft, the declaration will appear as:

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 2. 0//EN"
"http://www. w3. org/MarkUp/DTD/xhtml2. dtd">

A placeholder DTD schema exists at the corresponding URI, though it currently only includes the character reference entities from previous recommendations. XHTML 2 contemplates both a version attribute and an xsi:schemalocation attribute on the root HTML element that could possibly serve as a substitute for any DOCTYPE declaration.

XML namespaces and schemas

In addition to the DOCTYPE, all XHTML elements must be in the appropriate XML namespace for the version being used. XML namespaces are used for providing uniquely named elements and attributes in an XML instance This is usually done by declaring a default namespace on the root element using xmlns="namespace" as in the example below.

For XHTML 1. 0, XHTML 1. 1 and XHTML5, this is

<html xmlns="http://www. w3. org/1999/xhtml">

XHTML 2. 0 requires both a namespace and an XML Schema instance declaration. An XML schema is a description of a type of XML document typically expressed in terms of constraints on the structure and content of documents of that type above and beyond These might be declared as

<html xmlns="http://www. w3. org/2002/06/xhtml2/"
xmlns:xsi="http://www. w3. org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www. w3. org/2002/06/xhtml2/ http://www. w3. org/MarkUp/SCHEMA/xhtml2. xsd">

This example for XHTML 2. 0 also demonstrates the use of multiple namespaces within a document. The first xmlns default namespace declaration indicates that elements and attributes whose names have no XML namespace prefix fall within the XHTML 2. 0 namespace. The second namespace prefix declaration xmlns:xsi indicates that any elements or attributes prefixed with the xsi: refer to the XMLSchema-Instance namespace. Through this namespace mechanism XML documents allow the use of a mixture of elements and attributes taken from various XML vocabularies while avoiding the potential for clashes of naming between items from independently developed vocabularies.

Similar to the case of DOCTYPE above, the actual URL to the XML Schema file can be changed, as long as the Universal Resource Identifier (URI) before it (which indicates the XHTML 2. An XML schema is a description of a type of XML document typically expressed in terms of constraints on the structure and content of documents of that type above and beyond 0 namespace) remains the same. The namespace URI is intended to be a persistent and universally unique identifier for the particular version of the specification. If treated as a URL, the actual content located at the site is of no significance.

XML Declaration

A character encoding may be specified at the beginning of an XHTML document in the XML declaration when the document is served using the application/xhtml+xml MIME type. A character encoding consists of a code that pairs a sequence of characters from a given character set (sometimes incorrectly referred to as Code page (If an XML document lacks encoding specification, an XML parser assumes that the encoding is UTF-8 or UTF-16, unless the encoding has already been determined by a higher protocol. UTF-8 (8- Bit UCS / Unicode Transformation Format) is a variable-length Character encoding for Unicode. In Computing, UTF-16 (16- Bit Unicode Transformation Format is a variable-length Character encoding for Unicode, capable of encoding )

For example:

<?xml version="1. 0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

The declaration may be optionally omitted because it declares as its encoding the default encoding. However, if the document instead makes use of XML 1. 1 or another character encoding, a declaration is necessary. Internet Explorer prior to version 7 enters quirks mode if it encounters an XML declaration in a document served as text/html. Windows Internet Explorer (formerly Microsoft Internet Explorer abbreviated MSIE) commonly abbreviated to IE, is a series of graphical Quirks mode refers to a technique used by some Web browsers for the sake of maintaining backwards compatibility with Web pages designed for older browsers instead of

Common errors

Some of the most common errors in the usage of XHTML are:

 <link rel="stylesheet" href="/style/screen. css" type="text/css" />
 <script type="text/javascript" src="/script/site. js"></script>
Note: The format <script …></script>, rather than the more concise <script … />, is required for HTML compatibility when served as MIME type text/html.
In the fully conformant application/xhtml+xml case, the non-XML code is wrapped in a CDATA section as follows [2]:
 <style type="text/css">
 <![CDATA[
 p { color: green; }
 ]]>
 </style>
 
 <script type="text/javascript">
 <![CDATA[
 function nothing() { }
 ]]>
 </script>
If the same file may be served or processed as both XML (application/xhtml+xml) and HTML compatible text/html to target Internet Explorer 6 and as many other historic and non-conforming browsers as possible, constructs as complex as the following may be necessary[3]:
 <style type="text/css">
 <!--/*--><![CDATA[/*><!--*/
 p { color: green; }
 /*]]>*/-->
 </style>
 
 <script type="text/javascript">
 <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
 function nothing() { }
 //--><!]]>
 </script>

However, the following is sufficient for the relatively modern browsers (from 2000 onwards):

 <style type="text/css">
 /*<![CDATA[*/
 p { color: green; }
 /*]]>*/
 </style>
 
 <script type="text/javascript">
 //<![CDATA[
 function nothing() { }
 //]]>
 </script>

Backward compatibility

XHTML 1. 0 documents are mostly backward compatible with HTML — that is, processible as HTML by a web browser that does not know how to properly handle XHTML — when authored according to certain guidelines given in the specification and served as text/html. Authors who follow the compatibility guidelines essentially create HTML documents that, while technically invalid, are processible by all modern web browsers.

Documents following the compatibility guidelines are still not truly compatible with HTML user agents that support the SGML NET (Null End Tag) construct, although very few user agents support it in practice. The Standard Generalized Markup Language ( ISO 88791986 SGML) is an ISO Standard Metalanguage in which one can define Markup languages OpenSP is one such user agent.

XHTML 1. 1's modularity features prevent it from being backward compatible with XHTML 1. 0 and HTML. XHTML 2. 0, likewise, is not backward compatible with its predecessors.

Examples

The followings are examples of XHTML 1. 0 Strict. Both of them have the same visual output. The former one follows the HTML Compatibility Guidelines in Appendix C of the XHTML 1. 0 Specification while the latter one breaks backward compatibility but provides cleaner codes.

Media type recommendation for the examples:
Media type Example 1 Example 2
application/xhtml+xml SHOULD SHOULD
application/xml MAY MAY
text/xml MAY MAY
text/html MAY SHOULD NOT

Example 1. 

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1. 0 Strict//EN"
 "http://www. w3. org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict. dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www. w3. org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
 <title>XHTML 1. 0 Example</title>
 <script type="text/javascript">
 <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
   function loadpdf() {
   document. getElementById("pdf-object"). src="http://www. w3. org/TR/xhtml1/xhtml1. pdf";
 }
 //--><!]]>
 </script>
 </head>
 <body onload="loadpdf()">
 <p>This is an example of an
 <abbr title="Extensible HyperText Markup Language">XHTML</abbr> 1. 0 Strict document. <br />
 <img id="validation-icon"
   src="http://www. w3. org/Icons/valid-xhtml10"
   alt="Valid XHTML 1. 0 Strict" /><br />
 <object id="pdf-object"
   name="pdf-object"
   type="application/pdf"
   data="http://www. w3. org/TR/xhtml1/xhtml1. pdf"
   width="100%"
   height="500">
 </object>
 </p>
 </body>
</html>

Example 2. 

<?xml version="1. 0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1. 0 Strict//EN"
 "http://www. w3. org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict. dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www. w3. org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
 <head>
 <title>XHTML 1. 0 Example</title>
 <script type="application/javascript">
 <![CDATA[
   function loadpdf() {
   document. getElementById("pdf-object"). src="http://www. w3. org/TR/xhtml1/xhtml1. pdf";
 }
 ]]>
 </script>
 </head>
 <body onload="loadpdf()">
 <p>This is an example of an
 <abbr title="Extensible HyperText Markup Language">XHTML</abbr> 1. 0 Strict document. <br/>
 <img id="validation-icon"
   src="http://www. w3. org/Icons/valid-xhtml10"
   alt="Valid XHTML 1. 0 Strict"/><br/>
 <object id="pdf-object"
   name="pdf-object"
   type="application/pdf"
   data="http://www. w3. org/TR/xhtml1/xhtml1. pdf"
   width="100%"
   height="500"/>
 </p>
 </body>
</html>

Notes:

  1. For further information on the media type recommendation, please refer to XHTML Media Types, a W3C Note issued on 2002-08-01.
  2. The "loadpdf" function is actually a workaround for Internet Explorer. It can be replaced by adding <param name="src" value="http://www. w3. org/TR/xhtml1/xhtml1. pdf" /> within <object>.
  3. The img element does not get a name attribute in the XHTML 1.0 Strict DTD. Use id instead.

Notes

  1. ^ a b http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/#xhtml 'What is XHTML?' section in XHTML™ 1. 0 The Extensible HyperText Markup Language (Second Edition) A Reformulation of HTML 4 in XML 1. 0 W3C Recommendation 26 January 2000, revised 1 August 2002
  2. ^ XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language (Second Edition)
  3. ^ Html Vs. Xhtml - Whatwg Wiki
  4. ^ For examples of this, see: http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/ http://www.adobe.com/devnet/dreamweaver/articles/css_best_practices_pt2.html http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/papers/www2003/poster-1/dcmeta.doc
  5. ^ XHTML 1.0 Specification, Appendix C: HTML Compatibility Guidelines. World Wide Web Consortium (2000-01-26). 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Events 1340 - King Edward III of England is declared King of France. Retrieved on 2007-06-16. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1487 - Battle of Stoke Field, the last dying breath of the Wars of the Roses.
  6. ^ Chris Wilson (2005-09-15). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. The <?xml> prolog, strict mode, and XHTML in IE. Retrieved on 2007-06-16. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1487 - Battle of Stoke Field, the last dying breath of the Wars of the Roses.  “…If we tried to support real XHTML in IE 7 we would have ended up using our existing HTML parser (which is focused on compatibility) and hacking in XML constructs. It is highly unlikely we could support XHTML well in this way; in particular, we would certainly not detect a few error cases here or there, and we would silently support invalid cases. This would, of course, cause compatibility problems based on parser error handling in the future, which XML is explicitly trying to avoid; we don’t want to cause another mess like the one with current HTML error handling (rooted in compatibility with earlier browsers – you can blame me for that personally somewhat, but not IE). I would much rather take the time to implement XHTML properly after IE 7, and have it be truly interoperable…”
  7. ^ http://www.w3.org/People/mimasa/test/xhtml/media-types/results
  8. ^ Mozilla Web Author FAQ
  9. ^ Ian Hickson, a former developer of the Opera browser and cofounder of the WHATWG (2002-09-08). The Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group, or WHATWG, is a community of people interested in evolving HTML and related technologies See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem. 1264 - The Statute of Kalisz Sending XHTML as text/html Considered Harmful. Retrieved on 2007-06-16. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1487 - Battle of Stoke Field, the last dying breath of the Wars of the Roses.
  10. ^ Anne van Kesteren, a developer of the Opera browser (2004-06-13). "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 1525 - Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the Celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for XHTML is invalid HTML. Retrieved on 2007-06-16. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1487 - Battle of Stoke Field, the last dying breath of the Wars of the Roses.
  11. ^ Maciej Stachowiak, a developer of Apple's Safari browser (2006-09-20). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France. Understanding HTML, XML and XHTML. Retrieved on 2007-06-16. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1487 - Battle of Stoke Field, the last dying breath of the Wars of the Roses.
  12. ^ Tim Berners-Lee (2006-10-27). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 312 - Constantine the Great is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross. Reinventing HTML. Retrieved on 2007-06-16. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1487 - Battle of Stoke Field, the last dying breath of the Wars of the Roses.
  13. ^ XHTML 1.1 - Module-based XHTML
  14. ^ Proposal to Adopt HTML5 from Maciej Stachowiak on 2007-04-10 (public-html@w3.org from April 2007)
  15. ^ results of HTML 5 text, editor, name questions from Dan Connolly on 2007-05-09 (public-html@w3.org from May 2007)
  16. ^ HTML 5

External links

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