The Extended Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet (X-SAMPA) is a variant of SAMPA developed in 1995 by John C. Wells, professor of phonetics at the University of London. The Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet (SAMPA is a computer-readable phonetic script using 7-bit printable ASCII characters based on the International Phonetic Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 John Christopher Wells, MA ( Cantab) PhD ( London) (born March 11, 1939 in Bootle, Lancashire) Phonetics (from the Greek φωνή ( phonê) "sound" or "voice" is the study of the physical sounds of human speech The University of London is a university based primarily in London, England, UK. It was designed to unify the individual language SAMPA alphabets, and extend SAMPA to cover the entire range of characters in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA is a system of phonetic notation based on the Latin alphabet, devised by the International Phonetic
The result is a SAMPA-inspired recasting of the IPA into 7-bit ASCII. American Standard Code for Information Interchange ( ASCII)
SAMPA was devised as a hack to work around the inability of text encodings to represent IPA symbols. Hack has several meanings in the technology and computer science fields A character encoding consists of a code that pairs a sequence of characters from a given character set (sometimes incorrectly referred to as Code page However, as Unicode support for IPA symbols becomes more widespread, the necessity for a separate, computer-readable system for representing the IPA in ASCII decreases. In Computing, Unicode is an Industry standard allowing Computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in most of the world's
Contents |
Summary
Notes
- The IPA symbols that are ordinary lower-case letters have the same value in X-SAMPA as they do in the IPA.
- X-SAMPA uses a following backslash as an escape character to create a new symbol. For example O is a distinct sound from O\, to which it bears no relation.
- X-SAMPA diacritics follow the symbols they modify. Except for ~ for nasalization, = for syllabicity, and ` for retroflexion and rhotacization, diacritics are joined to the character with the underscore character _. In Phonetics, nasalization is the production of a sound while the velum is lowered so that some air escapes through the nose during the production of the sound by A syllabic consonant is a Consonant which either forms a Syllable of its own or is the nucleus of a syllable In Phonetics, retroflex consonants are Consonant sounds used in some Languages (They are sometimes referred to as cerebral consonants In Phonetics, vocalic r refers to the phenomenon of a Rhotic segment such as or occurring as the Syllable nucleus.
- The underscore character is also used to encode the IPA tiebar.
- The numbers _1 to _6 are reserved diacritics as shorthand for language-specific tone numbers.
Lowercase symbols
| X-SAMPA | IPA | IPA image | Description | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | a |  | open front unrounded vowel | French dame [dam], Spanish padre ["paD4e] |
| b | b |  | voiced bilabial plosive | English bed [bEd], French bon [bO~] |
| b_< | ɓ |  | voiced bilabial implosive | Sindhi ɓarʊ [b_<arU] |
| c | c |  | voiceless palatal plosive | Hungarian latyak ["lAcAk] |
| d | d |  | voiced alveolar plosive | English dig [dIg], French doigt [dwa] |
| d` | ɖ |  | voiced retroflex plosive | Swedish hord [hu:d`] |
| d_< | ɗ |  | voiced alveolar implosive | Sindhi ɗarʊ [d_<arU] |
| e | e |  | close-mid front unrounded vowel | French ses [se], English met [met] (AusE and NZE) |
| f | f |  | voiceless labiodental fricative | English five [faIv], French femme [fam] |
| g | ɡ |  | voiced velar plosive | English game [geIm], French longue [lO~g] |
| g_< | ɠ |  | voiced velar implosive | Sindhi ɠəro [g_<@ro] |
| h | h |  | voiceless glottal fricative | English house [haUs] |
| h\ | ɦ |  | voiced glottal fricative | Czech hrad [h\rat] |
| i | i |  | close front unrounded vowel | English be [bi:], French oui [wi], Spanish si [si] |
| j | j |  | palatal approximant | English yes [jEs], French yeux [j2] |
| j\ | ʝ |  | voiced palatal fricative | Greek γειά [j\a] |
| k | k |  | voiceless velar plosive | English scat [sk{t], Spanish carro ["kar:o] |
| l | l |  | alveolar lateral approximant | English lay [leI], French mal [mal] |
| l` | ɭ |  | retroflex lateral approximant | Svealand Swedish sorl [so:l`] |
| l\ | ɺ |  | alveolar lateral flap | Japanese phoneme /r/ |
| m | m |  | bilabial nasal | English mouse [maUs], French homme [Om] |
| n | n |  | alveolar nasal | English nap [n{p], French non [nO~] |
| n` | ɳ |  | retroflex nasal | Swedish hörn [h2:n`] |
| o | o |  | close-mid back rounded vowel | French gros [gRo] |
| p | p |  | voiceless bilabial plosive | English speak [spik], French pose [poz], Spanish perro ["per:o] |
| p\ | ɸ |  | voiceless bilabial fricative | Japanese fuku [p\M_0kM] |
| q | q |  | voiceless uvular plosive | Arabic qasbah ["qQs_Gba] |
| r | r |  | alveolar trill | Spanish perro ["per:o] |
| r` | ɽ |  | retroflex flap | |
| r\ | ɹ |  | alveolar approximant | English red [r\Ed] |
| r\` | ɻ |  | retroflex approximant | Malayalam വഴി ["v6r\`i] |
| s | s |  | voiceless alveolar fricative | English seem [si:m], French session [se"sjO~] |
| s` | ʂ |  | voiceless retroflex fricative | Swedish mars [mas`] |
| s\ | ɕ |  | voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative | Polish świerszcz [s\v'erStS] |
| t | t |  | voiceless alveolar plosive | English stew [stju:], French raté [Ra"te], Spanish tuyo ["tujo] |
| t` | ʈ |  | voiceless retroflex plosive | Swedish mört [m2t`] |
| u | u |  | close back rounded vowel | English boom [bu:m], Spanish su [su] |
| v | v |  | voiced labiodental fricative | English vest [vEst], French voix [vwa] |
| v\ (or P) | ʋ |  | labiodental approximant | Dutch west [v\Est]/[PEst] |
| w | w |  | labial-velar approximant | English west [wEst], French oui [wi] |
| x | x |  | voiceless velar fricative | Scots loch [lQx]; German Loch, Dach; Spanish caja, gestión |
| x\ | ɧ |  | voiceless palatal-velar fricative | Swedish sjal [x\A:l] |
| y | y |  | close front rounded vowel | French tu [ty] German über ["y:b6] |
| z | z |  | voiced alveolar fricative | English zoo [zu:], French azote [a"zOt] |
| z` | ʐ |  | voiced retroflex fricative | Mandarin Chinese rang [z`aN] |
| z\ | ʑ |  | voiced alveolo-palatal fricative | Polish źrebak ["z\rEbak] |
Uppercase symbols
| X-SAMPA | IPA | IPA image | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | ɑ |  | open back unrounded vowel | English father ["fA:D@(r\)] (RP and Gen. The open front unrounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiced bilabial plosive is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that A voiced bilabial implosive is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiceless palatal plosive is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that The voiced alveolar plosive is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that The voiced retroflex plosive is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that The voiced alveolar implosive is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet Close-mid front unrounded vowel The close-mid front unrounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the Australian English ( AuE, AusE, en-AU) is the form of the English language used in Australia. New Zealand English ( NZE, en-NZ) is the form of the English language used in New Zealand. The voiceless labiodental fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiced velar plosive is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that The voiced velar implosive is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that The voiceless glottal transition, commonly called a " fricative " is a type of sound used in some spoken Languages which often behaves like a The breathy-voiced glottal transition, commonly called a voiced glottal fricative, is a type of sound used in some spoken Languages which often behaves like The close front unrounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in many spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents The palatal approximant is a type of Consonantal sound used in many spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents The voiced palatal fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiceless velar plosive is a type of Consonantal sound used in many spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The alveolar lateral approximant is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents The retroflex lateral approximant is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The alveolar lateral flap is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents The bilabial nasal is a type of Consonantal sound used in almost all spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this The alveolar nasal is a type of Consonantal sound used in numerous spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents The retroflex nasal is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents The close-mid back rounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents The voiceless bilabial plosive is a type of Consonantal sound used in many spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiceless bilabial fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiceless uvular plosive is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages It is pronounced like, except that the tongue makes contact not The alveolar trill is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents dental The retroflex flap is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents The alveolar approximant is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents The retroflex approximant is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that The voiceless alveolar fricatives are Consonantal sounds The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents these sounds depends on whether a The voiceless retroflex fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiceless alveolar plosive is a type of Consonantal sound used in many spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiceless retroflex plosive is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The close back rounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents The voiced labiodental fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The labiodental approximant is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that The voiced labiovelar (actually labialized velar) approximant is a type of Consonantal sound used in certain spoken Languages including The voiceless velar fricative, informally known as the hard ch, is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the The so-called voiceless palatal-velar fricative (also called a voiceless dorso-palatal velar fricative, voiceless postalveolar and velar fricative, or voiceless The close front rounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents The voiced alveolar fricatives are Consonantal sounds The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents these sounds depends on whether a Sibilant The voiced retroflex fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiced alveolo-palatal fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The open back unrounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet Am. ) |
| B | β |  | voiced bilabial fricative | Spanish lavar [la"Ba4] |
| B\ | ʙ |  | bilabial trill | Reminiscent of shivering ("brrr") |
| C | ç |  | voiceless palatal fricative | German ich [IC], English human ["Cjum@n] (broad transcription uses [hj-]) |
| D | ð |  | voiced dental fricative | English then [DEn] |
| E | ɛ |  | open-mid front unrounded vowel | French même [mEm], English met [mEt] (RP and Gen. The voiced bilabial fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The bilabial trill is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this The voiceless palatal fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiced dental non-sibilant fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The open-mid front unrounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet Am. ) |
| F | ɱ |  | labiodental nasal | English emphasis ["EFf@sIs] (spoken quickly, otherwise uses [Emf-]) |
| G | ɣ |  | voiced velar fricative | Greek γωνία [Go"nia], Danish vælge ["vElG@] |
| G\ | ɢ |  | voiced uvular plosive | Inuktitut nirivvik [niG\ivvik] |
| G\_< | ʛ |  | voiced uvular implosive | Mam ʛa [G\_<a] |
| H | ɥ |  | labial-palatal approximant | French huit [Hit] |
| H\ | ʜ |  | voiceless epiglottal fricative | |
| I | ɪ |  | near-close near-front unrounded vowel | English kit [kIt] |
| I\ | central lax close unrounded vowel | Polish ryba [rI\bA] | ||
| J | ɲ |  | palatal nasal | Spanish año ["aJo], English canyon ["k{J@n] (broad transcription uses [-nj-]) |
| J\ | ɟ |  | voiced palatal plosive | Hungarian egy [EJ\] |
| J\_< | ʄ |  | voiced palatal implosive | Sindhi ʄaro [J\_<aro] |
| K | ɬ |  | voiceless alveolar lateral fricative | Welsh llaw [KaU] |
| K\ | ɮ |  | voiced alveolar lateral fricative | |
| L | ʎ |  | palatal lateral approximant | Italian famiglia [fa"miLa], Castilian llamar [La"mar], English million ["mIL@n] (broad transcription uses [-lj-]) |
| L\ | ʟ |  | velar lateral approximant | |
| M | ɯ |  | close back unrounded vowel | Korean 으 (eu) |
| M\ | ɰ |  | velar approximant | Spanish fuego ["fweM\o] |
| N | ŋ |  | velar nasal | English thing [TIN] |
| N\ | ɴ |  | uvular nasal | Japanese san [saN\] |
| O | ɔ |  | open-mid back rounded vowel | British English thought [TO:t], American English off [O:f] |
| O\ | ʘ |  | bilabial click | |
| P (or v\) | ʋ | | labiodental approximant | Dutch west [PEst]/[v\Est], allophone of English phoneme /r\/ |
| Q | ɒ |  | open back rounded vowel | British English lot [lQt] |
| R | ʁ |  | voiced uvular fricative | German rein [RaIn] |
| R\ | ʀ |  | uvular trill | French roi [R\wa] |
| S | ʃ |  | voiceless postalveolar fricative | English ship [SIp] |
| T | θ |  | voiceless dental fricative | English thin [TIn] |
| U | ʊ |  | near-close near-back rounded vowel | English foot [fUt] |
| U\ | ʊ̵ |  | central lax close rounded vowel | |
| V | ʌ |  | open-mid back unrounded vowel | RP English strut [str\Vt] |
| W | ʍ |  | voiceless labial-velar fricative | Scots when [WEn] |
| X | χ |  | voiceless uvular fricative | Klallam sχaʔqʷaʔ [sXa?q_wa?] |
| X\ | ħ |  | voiceless pharyngeal fricative | Arabic <ح>ha’ [X\A:] |
| Y | ʏ |  | near-close near-front rounded vowel | German hübsch [hYpS] |
| Z | ʒ |  | voiced postalveolar fricative | English vision ["vIZ@n] |
Other symbols
| X-SAMPA | IPA | IPA image | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| . The labiodental nasal is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents The voiced velar fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in various spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiced uvular plosive is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that The voiced uvular implosive is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that The labial-palatal approximant is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiceless epiglottal fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet Near-close near-front unrounded vowel The near-close near-front unrounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The The close central unrounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents The palatal nasal is a type of Consonant, used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this The voiced palatal plosive is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that The voiced palatal implosive is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that The voiceless alveolar lateral fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiced alveolar lateral fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The palatal lateral approximant is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The velar lateral approximant is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The close back unrounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents The velar approximant is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents The velar nasal is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents The uvular nasal is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents The open-mid back rounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The labiodental approximant is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that The open back rounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that The voiced uvular fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that The uvular trill is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents The voiceless palato-alveolar fricative or domed postalveolar fricative ( IPA) is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The voiceless dental non-sibilant fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic The near-close near-back vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet for } The close central rounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents The open-mid back unrounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiceless labiovelar approximant (traditionally called a voiceless labiovelar fricative) is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The voiceless uvular fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiceless pharyngeal fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The near-close near-front rounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiced palato-alveolar fricative or domed postalveolar fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol | . |  | syllable break | |
| " | ˈ |  | primary stress | |
| % | ˌ |  | secondary stress | |
| ' (or _j) | ʲ |  | palatalized | |
| : | ː |  | long | |
| :\ | ˑ |  | half long | Estonian differentiates three vowel lengths |
| - | separator | |||
| @ | ə |  | schwa | English arena [@"r\i:n@] |
| @\ | ɘ |  | close-mid central unrounded vowel | Paicĩ kɘ̄ɾɘ [k@\_M4@\_M] |
| { | æ |  | near-open front unrounded vowel | English trap [tr\{p] |
| } | ʉ |  | close central rounded vowel | Swedish sju [x\}:]; AuE/NZE boot [b}:t] |
| 1 | ɨ |  | close central unrounded vowel | Welsh tu [t1], American English rose's ["r\oUz1z] |
| 2 | ø |  | close-mid front rounded vowel | Danish købe ["k2:b@], French deux [d2] |
| 3 | ɜ |  | open-mid central unrounded vowel | English nurse [n3:s] (RP) or [n3`s] (Gen. In Linguistics, stress is the relative emphasis that may be given to certain Syllables in a word Secondary stress is the weaker of two degrees of stress in the Pronunciation of a word the stronger degree of stress is called 'primary' Palatalization or palatalisation (ˌpælətəlɨˈzeɪʃən generally refers to two phenomena As a process or the result of a process In Linguistics, vowel length is the perceived duration of a Vowel sound In Linguistics, specifically Phonetics and Phonology, schwa can mean the following An unstressed and toneless neutral The close-mid central unrounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents } The close central rounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents The close central unrounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents The close-mid front rounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents The open-mid central unrounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet Am. ) |
| 3\ | ɞ |  | open-mid central rounded vowel | Irish tomhail[t3\:l'] |
| 4 | ɾ |  | alveolar flap | Spanish pero ["pe4o], American English better ["bE4@`] |
| 5 | ɫ |  | velarized alveolar lateral approximant; also see _e | English milk [mI5k] |
| 6 | ɐ |  | near-open central vowel | German besser ["bEs6], Australian English mud [m6d] |
| 7 | ɤ |  | close-mid back unrounded vowel | Estonian kõik [k7ik], Vietnamese mơ [m7_M] |
| 8 | ɵ |  | close-mid central rounded vowel | Swedish buss [b8s] |
| 9 | œ |  | open-mid front rounded vowel | French neuf [n9f], Danish drømme [dR9m@] |
| & | ɶ |  | open front rounded vowel | Swedish skörd [x\&d`] |
| ? | ʔ |  | glottal stop | Danish stød [sd2?], Cockney English bottle ["bQ?l] |
| ?\ | ʕ |  | voiced pharyngeal fricative | Arabic ع (`ayn) [?\Ajn] |
| * | undefined escape character, SAMPA's "conjunctor" | |||
| / | indeterminacy in French vowels | |||
| < | begin nonsegmental notation (e. The open-mid central rounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The alveolar tap or flap is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that The Velarized Alveolar lateral approximant, which may actually be Pharyngealized, also known as dark l is a type of Consonantal sound The near-open central vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that The close-mid back unrounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages Its symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ɤ The close-mid central rounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that The open-mid front rounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The open front rounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that This article is about the sound in spoken language For the letter see Glottal stop (letter. The voiced pharyngeal approximant/fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet g. , SAMPROSA) | |||
| <\ | ʢ |  | voiced epiglottal fricative | |
| > | end nonsegmental notation | |||
| >\ | ʡ |  | epiglottal plosive | |
| ^ | ↑ |  | upstep | |
| ! | ↓ |  | downstep | |
| !\ | ǃ |  | postalveolar click | |
| | | | |  | minor (foot) group | |
| |\ | ǀ |  | dental click | |
| || | ‖ |  | major (intonation) group | |
| |\|\ | ǁ |  | alveolar lateral click | |
| =\ | ǂ |  | palatal click | |
| -\ | ̮ |  | linking mark |
Diacritics
| X-SAMPA | IPA | IPA image | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| _" | ̈ |  | centralized |
| _+ | ̟ |  | advanced |
| _- | ̠ |  | retracted |
| _/ | ˇ |  | rising tone |
| _0 | ̥ |  | voiceless |
| _< | implosive (IPA uses separate symbols for implosives) | ||
| = (or _=) | ̩ |  | syllabic |
| _> | ʼ |  | ejective |
| _?\ | ˤ |  | pharyngealized |
| _\ | ˆ | falling tone | |
| _^ | ̯ |  | non-syllabic |
| _} | ̚ |  | no audible release |
| ` | ˞ |  | rhotacization in vowels, retroflexion in consonants (IPA uses separate symbols for consonants, see t` for an example) |
| ~ (or _~) | ̃ |  | nasalization |
| _A | ̘ |  | advanced tongue root |
| _a | ̺ |  | apical |
| _B | ̏ |  | extra low tone |
| _B_L |  | low rising tone | |
| _c | ̜ |  | less rounded |
| _d | ̪ |  | dental |
| _e | ̴ |  | velarized or pharyngealized; also see 5 |
| <F> |  | global fall | |
| _F | ̂ |  | falling tone |
| _G | ˠ |  | velarized |
| _H | ́ |  | high tone |
| _H_T |  | high rising tone | |
| _h | ʰ |  | aspirated |
| _j (or ') | ʲ | | palatalized |
| _k | ̰ |  | creaky voice |
| _L | ̀ |  | low tone |
| _l | ˡ |  | lateral release |
| _M | ̄ |  | mid tone |
| _m | ̻ |  | laminal |
| _N | ̼ |  | linguolabial |
| _n | ⁿ |  | nasal release |
| _O | ̹ |  | more rounded |
| _o | ̞ |  | lowered |
| _q | ̙ |  | retracted tongue root |
| <R> |  | global rise | |
| _R | ̌ |  | rising tone |
| _R_F |  | rising falling tone | |
| _r | ̝ |  | raised |
| _T | ̋ |  | extra high tone |
| _t | ̤ |  | breathy voice |
| _v | ̬ |  | voiced |
| _w | ʷ |  | labialized |
| _X | ̆ |  | extra-short |
| _x | ̽ |  | mid-centralized |
Charts
Consonants
- Daggers (†) mark IPA symbols that have recently been added to Unicode. The voiced epiglottal approximant/fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The epiglottal plosive is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that Voice or voicing is a term used in Phonetics and Phonology to characterize speech sounds, with sounds described as either voiceless Implosive consonants are stops (rarely Affricates with a mixed Glottalic ingressive and Pulmonic egressive Airstream mechanism. A glottalic consonant is a Consonant produced with some important contribution (a movement a closure of the Glottis (the opening that leads from the nose and mouth Pharyngealization is a Secondary articulation of Consonants or Vowels by which the Pharynx or Epiglottis is constricted during the articulation An unreleased stop or unreleased plosive is a Plosive consonant without an audible release burst In Phonetics, vocalic r refers to the phenomenon of a Rhotic segment such as or occurring as the Syllable nucleus. In Phonetics, nasalization is the production of a sound while the velum is lowered so that some air escapes through the nose during the production of the sound by In Linguistics, a dental consonant or dental is a Consonant that is articulated with the tongue against the upper teeth such as /t/ /d/ /n/ and Velarization is a Secondary articulation of Consonants by which the back of the Tongue is raised toward the velum during the articulation of the Description Voiceless consonants are produced with the Vocal cords open and voiced consonants are produced when the vocal folds are fractionally closed Palatalization or palatalisation (ˌpælətəlɨˈzeɪʃən generally refers to two phenomena As a process or the result of a process Vocal fry registerIn Linguistics, creaky voice (sometimes called laryngealisation, pulse phonation or vocal fry or glottal fry) A laminal consonant is a Phone produced by obstructing the air passage with the blade of the tongue which is the flat top front surface just behind the tip of the Linguolabials or apicolabials are Consonants articulated by placing the tongue tip or blade against the upper lip which is drawn downward to meet the tongue Breathy voice (also called murmured voice, soughing, or susurration) is a Phonation in which the Vocal cords vibrate as they do in Voice or voicing is a term used in Phonetics and Phonology to characterize speech sounds, with sounds described as either voiceless "Lip rounding" redirects here See Roundedness for the lip rounding of vowels In Articulatory phonetics, the place of articulation (also point of articulation) of a Consonant is the point of contact where an Obstruction Labials are consonants articulated either with both lips ( bilabial articulation or with the lower lip and the upper teeth ( labiodental articulation Coronal consonants are articulated with the flexible front part of the Tongue. Dorsal consonants are articulated with the mid body of the Tongue (the dorsum Radical consonants are those consonants articulated with the root (base of the Tongue in the Throat. Glottal consonants are Consonants articulated with the Glottis. In Linguistics ( Articulatory phonetics) manner of articulation describes how the tongue lips and other speech organs are involved in making a sound make In Phonetics, a bilabial consonant is a Consonant articulated with both Lips The bilabial consonants identified by the International Phonetic Alphabet In Phonetics, labiodentals are Consonants articulated with the lower Lip and the upper Teeth. In Linguistics, a dental consonant or dental is a Consonant that is articulated with the tongue against the upper teeth such as /t/ /d/ /n/ and Alveolar consonants are articulated with the tongue against or close to the superior Alveolar ridge, which is called that because it contains the alveoli (the sockets Postalveolar consonants are Consonants articulated with the tongue near or touching the back of the Alveolar ridge, placing them a bit further back in the In Phonetics, retroflex consonants are Consonant sounds used in some Languages (They are sometimes referred to as cerebral consonants Palatal consonants are Consonants articulated with the body of the tongue raised against the Hard palate (the middle part of the roof of the mouth Uvulars are Consonants articulated with the back of the Tongue against or near the uvula, that is further back in the mouth than Velar consonants A pharyngeal consonant is a type of Consonant which is articulated with the root of the Tongue against the Pharynx. An epiglottal consonant is a Consonant that is articulated with the Aryepiglottic folds (see Larynx) against the Epiglottis. Glottal consonants are Consonants articulated with the Glottis. A nasal consonant (also called nasal stop or nasal continuant) is produced with a lowered velum in the mouth allowing air to escape freely through the The bilabial nasal is a type of Consonantal sound used in almost all spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this The labiodental nasal is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents The alveolar nasal is a type of Consonantal sound used in numerous spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents The retroflex nasal is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents The palatal nasal is a type of Consonant, used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this The velar nasal is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents The uvular nasal is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents A stop, plosive, or occlusive is a Consonant sound produced by stopping the airflow in the Vocal tract. The voiceless bilabial plosive is a type of Consonantal sound used in many spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiced bilabial plosive is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that The voiceless labiodental plosive is a consonant sound produced like a, but with the lower lip contacting the upper teeth as in. The voiced labiodental plosive is a Consonant sound produced like a, but with the lower lip contacting the upper teeth as in. The voiceless alveolar plosive is a type of Consonantal sound used in many spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiced alveolar plosive is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that The voiceless retroflex plosive is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiced retroflex plosive is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that The voiceless palatal plosive is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that The voiced palatal plosive is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that The voiceless velar plosive is a type of Consonantal sound used in many spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiced velar plosive is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that The voiceless uvular plosive is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages It is pronounced like, except that the tongue makes contact not The voiced uvular plosive is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that The epiglottal plosive is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that This article is about the sound in spoken language For the letter see Glottal stop (letter. Fricatives are Consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together The voiceless bilabial fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiced bilabial fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiceless labiodental fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiced labiodental fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiceless dental non-sibilant fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic The voiced dental non-sibilant fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiceless alveolar fricatives are Consonantal sounds The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents these sounds depends on whether a The voiced alveolar fricatives are Consonantal sounds The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents these sounds depends on whether a Sibilant The voiceless palato-alveolar fricative or domed postalveolar fricative ( IPA) is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The voiced palato-alveolar fricative or domed postalveolar fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol The voiceless retroflex fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiced retroflex fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiceless palatal fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiced palatal fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiceless velar fricative, informally known as the hard ch, is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the The voiced velar fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in various spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiceless uvular fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiced uvular fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that The voiceless pharyngeal fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiced pharyngeal approximant/fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiceless epiglottal fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiced epiglottal approximant/fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiceless glottal transition, commonly called a " fricative " is a type of sound used in some spoken Languages which often behaves like a The breathy-voiced glottal transition, commonly called a voiced glottal fricative, is a type of sound used in some spoken Languages which often behaves like Approximants are speech sounds ( Phonemes) that could be regarded as intermediate between Vowels and typical Consonants In the articulation of approximants The voiced bilabial fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The labiodental approximant is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that The alveolar approximant is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents The retroflex approximant is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that The palatal approximant is a type of Consonantal sound used in many spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents The velar approximant is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents In Phonetics, a trill is a Consonantal sound produced by vibrations between the articulator and the Place of articulation. The bilabial trill is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this The alveolar trill is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents dental The retroflex trill has been reported from the Dravidian language Toda, and confirmed with laboratory measurements The uvular trill is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents Epiglottal consonants are often allophonically trilled and in some languages the trill is the primary realization of the consonant In Phonetics, a flap or tap is a type of Consonantal sound which is produced with a single contraction of the muscles so that one articulator (such as the The bilabial flap is an uncommon non- rhotic flap It is usually and perhaps always an Allophone of the Labiodental flap, though it is the preferred allophone The labiodental flap is a speech sound found primarily in languages of Central Africa, such as Kera and Mangbetu. The alveolar tap or flap is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that The retroflex flap is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents An epiglottal flap is not known to exist as a phoneme in any language Laterals are "L"-like Consonants pronounced with an occlusion made somewhere along the axis of the tongue while air from the lungs escapes at one side or both The voiceless alveolar lateral fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiced alveolar lateral fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiceless retroflex lateral fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The IPA has no officially recognized symbol for this The voiceless palatal lateral fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The IPA has no dedicated symbol for this sound The Archi language of the Dagestani family has a voiceless velar lateral fricative that is clearly a fricative although further forward than velars in many languages Laterals are "L"-like Consonants pronounced with an occlusion made somewhere along the axis of the tongue while air from the lungs escapes at one side or both The alveolar lateral approximant is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents The retroflex lateral approximant is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The palatal lateral approximant is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The velar lateral approximant is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet Laterals are "L"-like Consonants pronounced with an occlusion made somewhere along the axis of the tongue while air from the lungs escapes at one side or both The alveolar lateral flap is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents The retroflex lateral flap is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages It has no symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The palatal lateral flap is a rare type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages There is no symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that The velar lateral flap is an allophone of the Velar lateral approximant in some languages of New Guinea, such as Kanite and Melpa. In Computing, Unicode is an Industry standard allowing Computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in most of the world's Since April 2008, this is the case of the labiodental flap, symbolized by a right-hook v in the IPA:
.svg/20px-Labiodental_flap_(Gentium).svg.png)
A dedicated symbol for the labiodental flap does not yet exist in X-SAMPA. The labiodental flap is a speech sound found primarily in languages of Central Africa, such as Kera and Mangbetu.
| Coarticulated | |
|---|---|
| W | Voiceless labialized velar approximant |
| w | Voiced labialized velar approximant |
| H | Voiced labialized palatal approximant |
| s\ | Voiceless palatalized postalveolar (alveolo-palatal) fricative |
| z\ | Voiced palatalized postalveolar (alveolo-palatal) fricative |
| x\ | Voiceless "palatal-velar" fricative |
| Affricates and double articulation | |
|---|---|
| ts | voiceless alveolar affricate |
| dz | voiced alveolar affricate |
| tS | voiceless postalveolar affricate |
| dZ | voiced postalveolar affricate |
| ts\ | voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate |
| dz\ | voiced alveolo-palatal affricate |
| tK | voiceless alveolar lateral affricate |
| kp | voiceless labial-velar plosive |
| gb | voiced labial-velar plosive |
| Nm | labial-velar nasal stop |
| Consonants (non-pulmonic) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clicks | Implosives | Ejectives | |||
| O\ | Bilabial | b_< | Bilabial | _> | For example: |
| |\ | Laminal alveolar ("dental") | d_< | Alveolar | p_> | Bilabial |
| ǃ | Apical (post-) alveolar ("retroflex") | J\_< | Palatal | t_> | Alveolar |
| =\ | Laminal postalveolar ("palatal") | g_< | Velar | k_> | Velar |
| |\|\ | Lateral coronal ("lateral") | G\_< | Uvular | s_> | Alveolar fricative |
Vowels
See also
- International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
- International Phonetic Alphabet for English
- SAMPA, a language-specific predecessor of X-SAMPA. The voiceless labiovelar approximant (traditionally called a voiceless labiovelar fricative) is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The voiced labiovelar (actually labialized velar) approximant is a type of Consonantal sound used in certain spoken Languages including The labial-palatal approximant is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiced alveolo-palatal fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The so-called voiceless palatal-velar fricative (also called a voiceless dorso-palatal velar fricative, voiceless postalveolar and velar fricative, or voiceless The voiceless alveolar affricate is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiced alveolar affricate is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiceless palato-alveolar affricate or domed postalveolar affricate is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages It is The voiced palato-alveolar affricate, also described as voiced domed postalveolar affricate, is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiced alveolo-palatal affricate is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiceless alveolar lateral affricate is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiceless labial-velar plosive is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiced labial-velar plosive is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The labial-velar nasal stop is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents Clicks are speech sounds such as English tsk! tsk! used to express disapproval or the tchick! used to spur on a horse Implosive consonants are stops (rarely Affricates with a mixed Glottalic ingressive and Pulmonic egressive Airstream mechanism. In Phonetics, ejective consonants are Voiceless Consonants that are pronounced with simultaneous closure of the Glottis. A voiced bilabial implosive is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiced alveolar implosive is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The bilabial ejective is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents The voiced palatal implosive is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that The alveolar ejective is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents The voiced velar implosive is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that The velar ejective is a type of Consonantal Sound, used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The voiced uvular implosive is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that The alveolar ejective fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that A front vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The defining characteristic of a front vowel is that the tongue is positioned as far forward A near-front vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The defining characteristic of a near-front vowel is that the tongue is positioned as A central vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The defining characteristic of a central vowel is that the tongue is positioned halfway between A near-back vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The defining characteristic of a near-back vowel is that the tongue is positioned as A back vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The defining characteristic of a back vowel is that the tongue is positioned as far back as A close vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in many spoken Languages The defining characteristic of a close vowel is that the tongue is positioned as close as The close front unrounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in many spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents The close front rounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents The close central unrounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents } The close central rounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents The close back unrounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents The close back rounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents Near-close near-front unrounded vowel The near-close near-front unrounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The The near-close near-front rounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The near-close near-back vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet for Close-mid front unrounded vowel The close-mid front unrounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the The close-mid front rounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents The close-mid central unrounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents The close-mid central rounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that The close-mid back unrounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages Its symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ɤ The close-mid back rounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents The mid central vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound The open-mid front unrounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The open-mid front rounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The open-mid central unrounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The open-mid central rounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The open-mid back unrounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The open-mid back rounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The near-open central vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that The open front unrounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The open front rounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that The open back unrounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The open back rounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that A near-close vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The defining characteristic of a near-close vowel is that the tongue is positioned similarly A close-mid vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The defining characteristic of a close-mid vowel is that the tongue is positioned two-thirds A mid vowel is a Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The defining characteristic of a mid vowel is that the tongue is positioned mid-way between an The open-mid vowels make a class of Vowel sounds used in some spoken Languages The defining characteristic of an open-mid vowel is that the tongue is positioned A near-open vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The defining characteristic of a near-open vowel is that the tongue is positioned similarly An open vowel is a Vowel sound of a type used in most spoken Languages The defining characteristic of an open vowel is that the tongue is positioned as far as The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA is a system of phonetic notation based on the Latin alphabet, devised by the International Phonetic This concise chart shows the most common applications of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA to represent English language pronunciations The Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet (SAMPA is a computer-readable phonetic script using 7-bit printable ASCII characters based on the International Phonetic
- CXS, an unofficial, extended version of X-SAMPA used for language construction
- SAMPA chart for English
- Kirshenbaum and WorldBet, similar systems. CXS (an Acronym standing for CONLANG eXtended SAMPA (SAMPA= Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet) where CONLANG in turn stands for the A constructed or artificial language known colloquially or informally as a conlang is a Language whose Phonology, Grammar See also International Phonetic Alphabet for English IPA chart for English X-SAMPA Received WorldBet is an ASCII encoding of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA with additional symbols
- List of phonetics topics
References
External links
- Computer-coding the IPA: A proposed extension of SAMPA
- Online converter between IPA and X-Sampa
- Web-based translator for X-SAMPA documents. Produces Unicode text, XML text, PostScript, PDF, or LaTeX TIPA. A Acoustic phonetics Active articulator Affricate Airstream mechanism
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