X - Citizendia

For other uses of "X", see X (disambiguation). X is the twenty-fourth letter of the Latin alphabet X may also refer to Language Chi (letter, the twenty-second

Basic Latin alphabet

	Aa	Bb	Cc	Dd
Ee	Ff	Gg	Hh	Ii	Jj
Kk	Ll	Mm	Nn	Oo	Pp
Qq	Rr	Ss	Tt	Uu	Vv
	Ww	Xx	Yy	Zz

X is the twenty-fourth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. The letter A is the first letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is a (eɪ plural B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː D is the fourth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled dee or occasionally de (diː E is the fifth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled e (iː plural es or ees (also written E's E F is the sixth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ef or eff (ɛf G is the seventh letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled gee or occasionally ge (dʒiː I is the ninth letter of the Latin alphabet. Its English name is i (aɪ J is the tenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet; it was the last of the 26 letters to be added K is the eleventh letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled kay (keɪ L is the twelfth letter of the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is el or occasionally ell (ɛl M is the thirteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled em (ɛm N is the fourteenth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled en (ɛn O is the fifteenth letter of the modern Latin Alphabet. Its name in English is spelled o (oʊ plural usually o's or os; sometimes P is the sixteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled pee or occasionally pe (piː Q is the seventeenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cue (kjuː R is the eighteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ar (ɑr pronounced or) S is the nineteenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ess or occasionally es (ɛs generally es- T is the twentieth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled tee or occasionally te (tiː U is the twenty-first letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled u (juː V is the twenty-second letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled vee or occasionally ve (viː W is the twenty-third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled double-u (ˈdʌbljuː The letter Y is the twenty-fifth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ex or occasionally ecks (pronounced /ɛks/),^[1] plural exes. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States

1 History
2 Usage
3 Codes for computing
4 Other uses for the letter X
- 4.1 Similar non-Latin letters
- 4.2 Non-letter symbols in Unicode
5 References
6 See also

History

The consonant cluster /ks/ was, in Ancient Greek, written as either Chi Χ (Western Greek) or Xi Ξ (Eastern Greek). In Linguistics, a consonant cluster (or consonant blend) is a group of Consonants which have no intervening Vowel. The Ancient Greek language is the historical stage in the development of the Hellenic language family spanning the Archaic (c Chi ( Uppercase Χ, Lowercase χ; Χι He is the 22nd letter of the Greek alphabet, pronounced as in English Xi (uppercase Ξ, lowercase ξ) is the 14th letter of the Greek alphabet. In the end, Chi was standardized as /kʰ/ (/x/ in Modern Greek), while Xi was standardized for /ks/. Modern Greek (el Νέα Ελληνικά or el Νεοελληνική lit But the Etruscans had taken over Χ from older Western Greek; therefore, it stood for /ks/ in Etruscan and Latin. Etruscan civilization is the modern English name given to the culture and way of life of a people of ancient Italy Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome.

It is unknown whether the letters Chi and Xi are Greek inventions, or whether they are ultimately of Semitic origin. In Linguistics and Ethnology, Semitic (from the Biblical " Shem " Hebrew שם translated as "name" Arabic: ساميّ Chi was placed toward the end of the Greek alphabet, after the Semitic letters, along with Phi, Psi, and Omega, suggesting that it was an innovation; further, there is no letter corresponding specifically to the sound /ks/ in Semitic. Phi (uppercase Φ, lowercase φ or ϕ) pronounced in modern Greek and as in English is the 21st letter of the Greek alphabet For other uses see Psi. Psi (uppercase Ψ, lowercase ψ) is the 23rd letter of the Greek alphabet and has a OMEGA is the premier Counter-terrorism unit of Latvia. Founded in 1992 OMEGA cooperates with many other counter-terrorism units over the world There was a Phoenician letter kheth with a probable sound /ħ/, somewhat similar to /kʰ/, but this was adopted into Greek as first the consonant /h/, and later, the long vowel Eta (Η,η), and does not seem to have been the source of Greek Chi. Eta (uppercase &Eta, lowercase η Ήτα) is the seventh letter of the Greek alphabet. The Phoenician letter Samekh (representing /s/) is usually considered the inspiration for Greek Xi, but as noted, Chi had a graphically distinct shape from Xi — although it may possibly have been another variant originally based on samekh. The original form of samekh may have been an Egyptian hieroglyph for the Djed column, but this too is uncertain, as no intervening Proto-Sinaitic form of this letter is attested. Egyptian hieroglyphs (ˈhaɪərəʊɡlɪf from Greek grc-Grek ἱερογλύφος " sacred carving " also hieroglyphic = grc-Grek The Djed symbol is a pillar-like ancient Egyptian symbol representing Stability. The Middle Bronze Age alphabets are two similar Undeciphered scripts dated to be from the Middle Bronze Age (2000-1500 BCE and believed to be ancestral

Egyptian hieroglyph "column"

Phoenician S

Greek Xi

Greek Chi

Etruscan X

Usage

In some languages, as a result of assorted phonetic changes and handwriting adaptations, X has other pronunciations:

Basque: as a spelling for [ʃ]. Basque ( native name: euskara) is the Language spoken by the Basque people who inhabit the Pyrenees in North-Central Spain
Dutch: The island of Texel is pronounced as Tessel. Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname This is because ss was written with a ligature closely resembling the x.
English: X is a double consonant or, rather, a sign for the compound consonants [ks]; or sometimes when followed by an accented syllable beginning with a vowel, or when followed by silent h and an accented vowel [gz] (e. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States g. exhaust, exam); usually [z] at the beginnings of words (e. g. xylophone), and in some compounds keeps the [z] sound, as in (e. g. meta-xylene). It also makes the sound [kʃ] in words ending in -xion (typically used only in British-based spellings of the language; American spellings tend to use -ction). American and British English spelling differences are one aspect of American and British English differences. It can also represent the sounds [gʒ] or [kʃ], for example, in the words luxury and sexual, respectively. When the letter X begins a word in the English language such as xynene and a z sound is created the X is said to be silent. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Final x is always [ks] (e. g. ax/axe) except in loan words such as faux (see French, below).
French: at the ends of words, silent (or [z] in liaison if the next word starts with a vowel). French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people This usage arose as a handwriting alteration of final -us. Two exceptions are pronounced [s]: six and dix.
In Italian, X is always pronounced [[Help:IPA|ks]], as in the words uxorio, extra, xilofono. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. It is also used, mainly amongst younger generations as a short form for "per" meaning "for", for example, x sempre (forever).
In Norwegian, X is generally pronounced [ks], but since the nineteenth century there has been a tendency to spell it out as ks whenever possible; it may still be retained in names of people, though it is fairly rare, and occurs mostly in foreign words and SMS language. Norwegian ( norsk) is a North Germanic Language spoken primarily in Norway, where it is an official language SMS language (also known as chatspeak, txt, txtspk, txtk, texting language or txt talk) is the English language
Spanish: In Old Spanish, X was pronounced [ʃ], as it is still currently in other Iberian languages. Iberian languages is a generic term for the languages currently or formerly spoken in the Iberian peninsula. Later, the sound evolved to a hard [x] sound. In modern Spanish, the hard [x] sound is spelled with a j, or with a g before e and i, though x is still retained for some names (notably México, which alternates with Méjico). Now, X represents the sound [s] (word-initially), or the consonat clusters [ks] and [gs] (e. g. oxígeno, examen). Even rarer; like in Old Spanish, the x can be pronounced as [ʃ] in modern day in some proper nouns such as Raxel (a variant of Rachel) and Xelajú. Rachel (; meaning "ewe" is the second and favorite Wife of Jacob and mother of Joseph and Benjamin, first mentioned in the Quetzaltenango is the second most populous city of Guatemala, after Guatemala City. In American and seseo Spanish, the xc in excelente is pronounced as [ks] but in Spain, this combination is pronounced [ksθ]. In Spanish dialectology, the terms ceceo, seseo and distinción are used to describe the opposition between dialects that distinguish the Phonemes
Galician:In Galician (a language related to Portuguese and spoken in Northwestern Spain), x is pronounced as a vacillating h, phonically similar to j in Spanish.
In Portuguese, x can have four sounds: the most common is [ʃ], as in 'xícara' (cup). Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. The other sounds are: [ks] as in 'fênix/fénix' (phoenix) and s, as in 'próximo' (close/next). S is the nineteenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ess or occasionally es (ɛs generally es- The most rare is [z], as in 'exagerado' (exaggerate).
In Albanian, x represents [dz], while the digraph xh represents [dʒ]. Albanian (sq ''Gjuha shqipe'' ˈɟuha ˈʃcipɛ is an Indo-European language spoken by nearly 6 million peoplewhile others claim that it derives from Daco -
Polish doesn't use X. Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland. In loanwords, X is either replaced by ks like in 'ekstra' (extra), or gz like in 'egzotyczny' (exotic).
In the German and Italian languages, X is used mainly in foreign loan words. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. A loanword (or loan word) is a word directly taken into one Language from another with little or no translation
In Maltese x is pronounced [ʃ]
In Vietnamese x is pronounced [s]

Basing on the Greek Chi as well as the similarly shaped kha of the Cyrillic alphabet, the International Phonetic Alphabet uses x for the voiceless velar fricative. Maltese (Maltese Malti is the National language of Malta, and a co-official language of the country alongside English, Vietnamese ( tiếng Việt, or less commonly Việt ngữ) formerly known under French colonization as Annamese ( see Annam) Kha, (Х х is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the Voiceless velar fricative /x/ in Russian, Belarusian and Ukrainian The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA is a system of phonetic notation based on the Latin alphabet, devised by the International Phonetic The voiceless velar fricative, informally known as the hard ch, is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the Note that out of languages that have traditionally used the Latin alphabet, only Spanish uses this sound for the letter.

Additionally, in languages for which the Latin alphabet has been adapted only recently, x has been used for various sounds, in some cases inspired by European usage, but in others, for consonants uncommon in Europe. For these no Latin letter stands out as an obvious choice, and since most of the various European pronunciations of x can be written by other means, the letter becomes available for more unusual sounds.

X has its IPA value [x] in e. g. Kurdish, Azerbaijani, Uzbek, Tatar and Lojban. The Kurdish language (Kurdish Kurdî or کوردی is a term used for the language spoken by Kurds. Uzbek ( O‘zbek tili or O'zbekcha in Latin script, Ўзбек тили in Cyrillic script; أۇزبېك ﺗﻴﻠی in Arabic The Tatar language (,, Татар теле, Татарча) is a Turkic Language spoken by the Tatars. Lojban (ˈloʒban is a constructed, syntactically unambiguous human language based on Predicate logic.
In Pirahã, x symbolizes the glottal stop [ʔ]. Pirahã (also spelled Pirahá, Pirahán; Portuguese: Pirarrã; Pirahã language xapaitíiso) is a Language spoken by the
In Hanyu Pinyin, the official transcription system for Mandarin Chinese, the letter x represents the voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative /ɕ/. Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use The voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet
Nguni languages: represents the alveolar lateral click [ǁ]. Nguni languages are mostly spoken by Nguni people, which are group of clans and nations living in south-east Africa
An illustrating example of x as a "leftover" letter is differing usage in three different East Cushitic languages:
- Afar language - voiced alveolar implosive [ɗ]
- Oromo language - alveolar ejective [tʼ]
- Somali language - voiceless pharyngeal fricative [ħ]

No words in the Basic English vocabulary begin with X, but it occurs in words beginning with other letters. Afar (aa ''Qafár af'' is a Lowland East Cushitic language spoken in Ethiopia, Eritrea and Djibouti. The voiced alveolar implosive is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet Oromo, also known as Afaan borana Oromoo, Oromiffa(a ( Ethiopic: ኦሮሚኛ and sometimes in other languages by variant spellings of these names The alveolar ejective is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents Somali ( Af Soomaali, الصوماليه is a member of the East Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family spoken by ethnic Somalis The voiceless pharyngeal fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet Basic English is an attempted core Subset of The English language created by Charles Kay Ogden and described in his book Basic English A General Introduction It is often found in a word with an E before it. Otherwise it is the third most rarely used letter in the English language. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States

Codes for computing

Alternative representations of X

NATO phonetic		Morse code
X-ray		–··–

Signal flag	Flag semaphore	ASL Manual	Braille

In Unicode the capital X is codepoint U+0058 and the lower case x is U+0078. The NATO phonetic alphabet, more formally the international radiotelephony spelling alphabet, is the most widely used Spelling alphabet. Morse code is a Character encoding for transmitting telegraphic information using standardized sequences of short and long elements to represent the letters numerals Flag semaphore is a system for conveying information at a distance by means of visual signals with hand-held flags rods disks paddles or occasionally bare or gloved hands The American Manual Alphabet is a Manual alphabet that augments the vocabulary of American Sign Language when spelling individual letters of a word is the preferred The Braille system is a method that is widely used by blind people to read and write In Computing, Unicode is an Industry standard allowing Computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in most of the world's Capital letters or majuscules pronunciation /məˈdʒʌskyuls ˈmædʒəˌskyuls/ in the Roman alphabet A, B, C, D, Lower case (also lower-case or lowercase) minuscule, or small letters are the smaller form of letters as opposed to upper

The ASCII code for capital X is 88 and for lowercase x is 120; or in binary 01011000 and 01111000, correspondingly. American Standard Code for Information Interchange ( ASCII) The binary numeral system, or base-2 number system, is a Numeral system that represents numeric values using two symbols usually 0 and 1.

The EBCDIC code for capital X is 231 and for lowercase x is 167. Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code ( EBCDIC) is an 8- Bit Character encoding ( Code page) used on IBM mainframe Operating

The numeric character references in HTML and XML are "X" and "x" for upper and lower case respectively. A numeric character reference (NCR is a common markup construct used in SGML and other SGML-based markup languages such as HTML and XML. HTML, an initialism of HyperText Markup Language, is the predominant Markup language for Web pages It provides a means to describe the structure Don't change "Extensible"

Other uses for the letter X

Similar non-Latin letters

Χ : Greek letter Chi
Х : Cyrillic Kha. Chi ( Uppercase Χ, Lowercase χ; Χι He is the 22nd letter of the Greek alphabet, pronounced as in English Kha, (Х х is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the Voiceless velar fricative /x/ in Russian, Belarusian and Ukrainian
メ : Me (Japanese katakana character)
א (Hebrew aleph) sometimes looks like X when handwritten. め, in Hiragana, or メ in Katakana, is one of the Japanese Kana, each of which represents one mora. is a language spoken by over 130 million people in Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities is a Japanese Syllabary, one component of the Japanese writing system along with Hiragana, Kanji, and in some cases the Latin alphabet is the reconstructed name of the first letter of the Proto-Canaanite alphabet, continued in descended Semitic alphabets as Phoenician The Hebrew alphabet (אָלֶף-בֵּית עִבְרִי alephbet ’ivri) consists of 22 letters used for writing the Hebrew language. is the reconstructed name of the first letter of the Proto-Canaanite alphabet, continued in descended Semitic alphabets as Phoenician
乂 : A Chinese character, pronounced "Yì" in Mandarin Chinese. Means "govern, settle, stable" (治理;安定). ^[2]
In pre-Norman Britain a "ᚷ" (Gyfu) was a letter in the Anglo-Saxon futhorc runic alpabet and also indicated a gift. The Normans were the people who gave their names to Normandy, a region in northern France. Great Britain during the Middle Ages (from the 5th century withdrawal of Roman forces from the province of Britannia Gyfu is the name for the g - Rune in the Anglo-Saxon Rune poem, meaning "gift" or "generosity" Futhorc, a Runic alphabet used by the Anglo-Saxons, was descended from the Elder Futhark of 24 runes and contained between 26 and 33 characters giFT Internet File Transfer ( giFT) is a computer software daemon that allows several File sharing protocols to be used with a simple client having a

Non-letter symbols in Unicode

× : multiplication sign
╳ : box drawings left diagonal cross
✕ : multiplication x
✗ : ballot x
✘ : heavy ballot x
× : vector or cross product
In the Japanese resale price maintenance system for music and print publications, saihan seido, the typographic symbol Ⓨ marks the first date for the fixed price and Ⓧ marks the last date. In Computing, Unicode is an Industry standard allowing Computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in most of the world's Box drawing characters, also known as line drawing characters, or pseudographics, are widely used in Text user interfaces to draw various frames and boxes The multiplication sign is the symbol × ( multiplication sign is the preferred Unicode name for the Codepoint represented by that Glyph Resale price maintenance is the practice whereby a manufacturer and its distributors agree that the latter will sell the former's product at certain prices (resale price maintenance at This page lists Japanese typographic symbols which are not included in Kana or Kanji. O is the fifteenth letter of the modern Latin Alphabet. Its name in English is spelled o (oʊ plural usually o's or os; sometimes

References

^ "X" Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition (1989); Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged (1993); "ex," op. cit.
^ 《现代汉语词典》修订本，商务印书馆，Page 1490.

XXXX (pronounced four-X) is a Brand of Beers brewed in Milton, Brisbane by Queensland brewers Castlemaine XXX may refer to XXX an identifier for Pornography, especially X-rated movies 30 (number, XXX in Roman numerals RX was the common Telegraph Abbreviation for "receive" later used in CW. ISO 646 is an ISO standard that since 1972 has specified a 7- Bit character code from which several national standards are derived The letter A is the first letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is a (eɪ plural B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː D is the fourth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled dee or occasionally de (diː E is the fifth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled e (iː plural es or ees (also written E's E F is the sixth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ef or eff (ɛf G is the seventh letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled gee or occasionally ge (dʒiː I is the ninth letter of the Latin alphabet. Its English name is i (aɪ J is the tenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet; it was the last of the 26 letters to be added K is the eleventh letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled kay (keɪ L is the twelfth letter of the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is el or occasionally ell (ɛl M is the thirteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled em (ɛm N is the fourteenth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled en (ɛn O is the fifteenth letter of the modern Latin Alphabet. Its name in English is spelled o (oʊ plural usually o's or os; sometimes P is the sixteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled pee or occasionally pe (piː Q is the seventeenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cue (kjuː R is the eighteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ar (ɑr pronounced or) S is the nineteenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ess or occasionally es (ɛs generally es- T is the twentieth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled tee or occasionally te (tiː U is the twenty-first letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled u (juː V is the twenty-second letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled vee or occasionally ve (viː W is the twenty-third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled double-u (ˈdʌbljuː The letter Y is the twenty-fifth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the modern Latin alphabet. A diacritic ( also called a diacritic or diacritical mark, point, or sign, is a small sign added to a letter to alter pronunciation Diaeresis or trema See also Diaeresis History Historically the diaeresis mark or trema is far older than the umlaut mark Ẋ is a letter in the Chechen language used to represent the Voiceless pharyngeal fricative, ħ The palatal hook ( ̡ is a type of hook diacritic formerly used in the International Phonetic Alphabet to represent Palatalized consonants. XB, Xb, xB or xb may be used for A 1973 Ford Falcon XB The Pursuit Special muscle Xhosa (ˈkǁʰoːsa ( isiXhosa) is one of the Official languages of South Africa. Xi (uppercase Ξ, lowercase ξ) is the 14th letter of the Greek alphabet. "XJ" redirects here For the 4x4 SUV by Jeep see Jeep Cherokee (XJ The Yamaha XJ600 was a Motorcycle manufactured XN may refer to crossed Nicols see Nicol prism the two-letter code of the Nordic Patent Institute xn-- as the Intrinsics (also known as Xt, for X toolkit is a library used in the X Window System. XU was a clandestine intelligence organisation working on behalf of Allied powers in occupied Norway during World War II. Xv is also a common abbreviation for the X video extension. xv is a Shareware program written by John Bradley to display and XB, Xb, xB or xb may be used for A 1973 Ford Falcon XB The Pursuit Special muscle XN may refer to crossed Nicols see Nicol prism the two-letter code of the Nordic Patent Institute xn-- as the XU was a clandestine intelligence organisation working on behalf of Allied powers in occupied Norway during World War II. Xv is also a common abbreviation for the X video extension. xv is a Shareware program written by John Bradley to display and X-wings are fictional Starfighters from the original Star Wars trilogy and the Star Wars Expanded Universe. Flight 15P of SpaceShipOne was the first privately-funded Human spaceflight. 4X games are a genre of strategy Video game where players control an Empire and "eXplore eXpand eXploit and eXterminate United Parcel Service Inc ( commonly referred to as UPS, is one of the world's largest Package delivery companies Wadworth is a Regional brewery founded in 1875 in Devizes, Wiltshire, England. The KH-13 is a name used by observers of US military space programs to refer to a class of imaging Spy satellite operated by the United States. 9X is an Indian Hindi general entertainment channel It is owned by INX Media Pvt Limited The Latin alphabet originated in the 7th century BC, undergoing a history of 2500 years before emerging as one of the dominant Writing systems in use today Palaeography, palæography ( British) or paleography ( American) (from the Greek grc παλαιός palaiós, Variants of the Latin alphabet are used by the Writing systems of many languages throughout the world A diacritic ( also called a diacritic or diacritical mark, point, or sign, is a small sign added to a letter to alter pronunciation Roman numerals are a Numeral system originating in ancient Rome, adapted from Etruscan numerals. Unicode as of version 51 defines the following ranges for encoding the Latin alphabet and derived characters See also Mapping of Unicode characters List of Latin letters. Basic alphabet Extensions and ligatures Letters with diacritics Digraphs trigraphs and tetragraphs

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