吳越 Wuyue ← 907 – 978 → Capital Qiantang Language(s) Middle Chinese Religion Buddhism Government Monarchy King  - 907-932 Qian Liu  - 932-941 Qian Yuanguan  - 941-947 Qian Zuo  - 947 Qian Zong  - 947-978 Qian Chu Historical era Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period  - Fall of the Tang Dynasty 907  - Submitted to Song 978  - Extinguishment 988

Kingdom of Wuyue (Traditional Chinese: 吳越國; Simplified Chinese: 吴越国, Pinyin: Wúyuè Guó), 907-978, was a small independent coastal kingdom founded during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (907-960) of Chinese history. The Tang Dynasty ( Middle Chinese: dhɑng (June 18 618&ndashJune 4 907 was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by The Song Dynasty ( Wade-Giles: Sung Ch'ao was a ruling dynasty in China between 960&ndash1279 CE it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Throughout the world there are many cities that were once national Capitals but no longer have that status because the country ceased to exist the capital was moved or the capital ( Postal map spelling: Hangchow) is a Sub-provincial city located in the Yangtze River Delta in the People's Republic of China, Middle Chinese ( or Ancient Chinese as used by linguist Bernhard Karlgren, refers to the Chinese language spoken during Southern and Northern A state religion (also called an official religion, established church or state church) is a religious body or Creed officially Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. A monarchy is a Form of government in which supreme power is actually or nominally lodged in an individual who is the Head of state, often for life or Kingdom of Wuyue ( Traditional Chinese: 吳越國 Simplified Chinese: 吴越国 Pinyin Wúyuè Guó 907 - 978, was a small independent Events By Place Asia Oleg leads the Kievan Rus' in a campaign against Constantinople (see Rus'-Byzantine Events By Place Europe St Ursenstift is founded by the Burgundian Queen Bertha in Solothurn. Qian Liu 錢鏐 (852-932 CE was founder and first king of the Kingdom of Wuyue (吳越國 pinyin Wuyueguo (907-978 during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period Events By Place Europe St Ursenstift is founded by the Burgundian Queen Bertha in Solothurn. Events By Place Asia The Rus'-Byzantine War (941 is fought By Topic Religion Oda Events By Place Asia The Rus'-Byzantine War (941 is fought By Topic Religion Oda Events By Place Asia The Later Jin Dynasty falls to the Later Han Dynasty (founded by Gaozu of Later Han) in Events By Place Asia The Later Jin Dynasty falls to the Later Han Dynasty (founded by Gaozu of Later Han) in Events By Place Asia The Later Jin Dynasty falls to the Later Han Dynasty (founded by Gaozu of Later Han) in Events By Place Europe Badìa Fiorentina, an abbey in Florence, Italy, is founded by Willa Margravine of Tuscany Qian Chu ( (929-988 was the last King of Wuyue (reigned 947-978 a kingdom in southern-eastern China during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms ( 907-960 was an era of political upheaval in China, beginning in the Tang Dynasty and ending in the Song Dynasty. The Tang Dynasty ( Middle Chinese: dhɑng (June 18 618&ndashJune 4 907 was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by Events By Place Asia Oleg leads the Kievan Rus' in a campaign against Constantinople (see Rus'-Byzantine The Song Dynasty ( Wade-Giles: Sung Ch'ao was a ruling dynasty in China between 960&ndash1279 CE it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Events By Place Europe Badìa Fiorentina, an abbey in Florence, Italy, is founded by Willa Margravine of Tuscany Events By Place Africa Al-Azhar University is founded in Cairo, Egypt (the second oldest university in the world Events By Place Asia Oleg leads the Kievan Rus' in a campaign against Constantinople (see Rus'-Byzantine Events By Place Europe Badìa Fiorentina, an abbey in Florence, Italy, is founded by Willa Margravine of Tuscany Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms ( 907-960 was an era of political upheaval in China, beginning in the Tang Dynasty and ending in the Song Dynasty. Events By Place Asia Oleg leads the Kievan Rus' in a campaign against Constantinople (see Rus'-Byzantine Events By Place Europe Edgar the Peaceable is crowned King of England. Chinese civilization originated in various city-states along the Yellow River ( valley in the Neolithic era It was ruled by the Qian family, which remains widespread in the kingdom's former territory.

Founding

Temple to the Qian King in Hangzhou, one of many shrines to the kings of Wuyue which still exist in its former territory. Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms ( 907-960 was an era of political upheaval in China, beginning in the Tang Dynasty and ending in the Song Dynasty. The Later Liang ( ( June 5, 907 - 923) was one of the Five Dynasties during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period The Later Tang Dynasty was a short-lived dynasty that lasted from 923 to 936 one of the five dynasties during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period Note that there are four periods of Chinese history using the name "Jin" (see clarification here. The Later Han Dynasty ( Simplified Chinese 后汉 Traditional Chinese 後漢 Pinyin Hòu Hàn was founded in 947 The Later Zhou Dynasty ( Simplified Chinese 后周 Traditional Chinese 後周 Pinyin Hòu Zhōu was the last a succession of five dynasties Wu 吳 (also referred to as Huainan 淮南 was one of the Ten Kingdoms in south-central China which was in existence between the years of 907 and 937 Min 閩 was one of the Ten Kingdoms which was in existence between the years of 909 and 945. Jingnan (荆南 (also called Nanping (南平 was one of the Ten Kingdoms in south-central China created in 924, marking the beginning of the Chǔ (楚 was a kingdom in southern China during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period ( 907 - 960) Southern Tang (also referred to as Nantang) ( Chinese: 南唐 Pinyin Nán Táng was one of the Ten Kingdoms in south-central China Southern Han ( Vietnamese: Nam Hán was a kingdom that existed during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period ( 907 - 960) This article is about the Northern Han in the Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Former Shu (Chinese 前蜀 Pinyin Qiánshǔ was one of the Ten Kingdoms formed during the chaotic period between the rules of the Tang dynasty and the Later Shu (Hou Shu 後蜀 was one of the Ten Kingdoms during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period in China from 907 to 960. Qi ( Chinese: 岐國 was a Chinese kingdom during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period in China. The "Jiedushi of Dingnan" (定難節度使 was Li Jiqian of 10th and 11th century China. Qingyuan (清源 Jiedushi (節度使 was the official title of Chen Hong (陳洪 the military commissioner ( Jiedushi) of the Pinghai military prefecture (平海軍 The Yin (殷 was a short-lived kingdom during China’s Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period which lasted from 907 to 960 and bridged the time between ( Postal map spelling: Hangchow) is a Sub-provincial city located in the Yangtze River Delta in the People's Republic of China,

The Qian (traditional Chinese: 錢; simplified Chinese: 钱) family had been providing military leaders to the Tang Dynasty beginning in 887. The Tang Dynasty ( Middle Chinese: dhɑng (June 18 618&ndashJune 4 907 was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by Events By Place Asia Emperor Uda ascends to the throne of Japan. Qian Liu was named Prince of Yue in 902, with the title of Prince of Wu added two years later. Qian Liu 錢鏐 (852-932 CE was founder and first king of the Kingdom of Wuyue (吳越國 pinyin Wuyueguo (907-978 during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period Events By Place Europe August 1 — Taormina, the last Byzantine stronghold in Sicily, is captured by the Wu 吳 (also referred to as Huainan 淮南 was one of the Ten Kingdoms in south-central China which was in existence between the years of 907 and 937 In 907, when the Tang Dynasty fell and was replaced in the north by the Later Liang Dynasty, military leaders in the south formed their own kingdoms. Events By Place Asia Oleg leads the Kievan Rus' in a campaign against Constantinople (see Rus'-Byzantine The Tang Dynasty ( Middle Chinese: dhɑng (June 18 618&ndashJune 4 907 was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by The Later Liang ( ( June 5, 907 - 923) was one of the Five Dynasties during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period Qian Liu used his position to proclaim himself the King of Wuyue. Qian Liu 錢鏐 (852-932 CE was founder and first king of the Kingdom of Wuyue (吳越國 pinyin Wuyueguo (907-978 during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period This signaled the beginning of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period which would last until the founding of the Song Dynasty in 960. Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms ( 907-960 was an era of political upheaval in China, beginning in the Tang Dynasty and ending in the Song Dynasty. The Song Dynasty ( Wade-Giles: Sung Ch'ao was a ruling dynasty in China between 960&ndash1279 CE it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Events By Place Europe Edgar the Peaceable is crowned King of England.

Origin of Name

The name Wuyue comes from the combination of Wu Kingdom and Yue Kingdom, two ancient kingdoms during the Spring and Autumn Period from 770 to 476 BC. Wu (吳 was a state during the Spring and Autumn Period in China. The Spring and Autumn Period ( was a period in Chinese history which roughly corresponds to the first half of the Eastern Zhou dynasty (from the second half of the 8th century BC Events and trends 778 BC — Agamestor King of Athens, dies after a reign of 17 years and is succeeded by his son Aeschylus Events By place Greece Convicted in Sparta on the charge of accepting a bribe from the Aleudae family whilst leading

Territorial extent

West Lake, the centrepiece of the city of Hangzhou, which served as the capital of Wuyue.

With its capital in Xifu, now known as Hangzhou, the kingdom included present-day Zhejiang, Shanghai, along with the southern portion of Jiangsu Province. ( Postal map spelling: Hangchow) is a Sub-provincial city located in the Yangtze River Delta in the People's Republic of China, Zhejiang ( is an eastern coastal province of the People's Republic of China. Shanghai ( 上[[wikt 海|海]] is the largest city in China in terms of population and one of the largest urban areas in the world with over 20 million It would also later absorb some of the northern part of Fujian in the Min Kingdom fell in 945. This article is about the People's Republic of China province Min 閩 was one of the Ten Kingdoms which was in existence between the years of 909 and 945. Events By Place Asia The Buwayhid Dynasty takes control of Baghdad (it does not supplant the local caliphate) The territorial extant of Wuyue roughly corresponded to the territories of the ancient Yue, but not the ancient Wu -- which led to charges by the neighboring Wu (also known as Southern Wu) that Wuyue had designs on its territory, and the name was a source of tension for years between the two states. Wu 吳 (also referred to as Huainan 淮南 was one of the Ten Kingdoms in south-central China which was in existence between the years of 907 and 937

In the early decades of its existence, Wuyue bordered the Min Kingdom on its south and the Southern Tang Kingdom on its west and north. Min 閩 was one of the Ten Kingdoms which was in existence between the years of 909 and 945. Southern Tang (also referred to as Nantang) ( Chinese: 南唐 Pinyin Nán Táng was one of the Ten Kingdoms in south-central China With the rebellion of Yin from the Min from 943 to 945, it briefly gave Wuyue a third border. Min 閩 was one of the Ten Kingdoms which was in existence between the years of 909 and 945. Events By Place Europe King Constantin II of Scotland retires and becomes a monk succeeded by his cousin Malcolm I of Scotland Events By Place Asia The Buwayhid Dynasty takes control of Baghdad (it does not supplant the local caliphate) However, before long, Wuyue would be completely encircled (except for the East China Sea) as both Yin and Min were absorbed by the Southern Tang

Reign of Qian Liu

Under Qian Liu's reign, Wuyue prospered economically and freely developed its own regional culture that continues to this day. The East China Sea is a Marginal sea east of China. It is a part of the Pacific Ocean and covers an area of 1249000 km² Min 閩 was one of the Ten Kingdoms which was in existence between the years of 909 and 945. Southern Tang (also referred to as Nantang) ( Chinese: 南唐 Pinyin Nán Táng was one of the Ten Kingdoms in south-central China He developed the coastal kingdom's agriculture, built seawalls, expanded Hangzhou, dredged rivers and lakes, and encouraged sea transport and trade. On his death-bed he urged a benign administration of state affairs and his words were strictly followed by four succeeding kings.

Foreign diplomacy

In 935, Wuyue established official diplomatic relations with Japan. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The kingdom also took advantage of its maritime location to maintain diplomatic contacts with north China, the Khitans, and Korea. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The Liao Dynasty ( 907 - 1125, also known as the Khitan Empire (契丹國 was an empire in northern China that ruled over the regions of Manchuria Korea is a geographic area composed of two sovereign countries a civilization and a former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia.

Fall of the Kingdom

In 978, in the face of certain annihilation from northern imperial Chinese troops, the last king of Wuyue, Qian Chu, pledged allegiance to the Northern Song Dynasty, saving his people from war and economic destruction. Qian Chu ( (929-988 was the last King of Wuyue (reigned 947-978 a kingdom in southern-eastern China during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms While Qian Chu nominally remained king, Wuyue was absorbed into the Song Dynasty, effectively ending the kingdom. Qian Chu ( (929-988 was the last King of Wuyue (reigned 947-978 a kingdom in southern-eastern China during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms The Song Dynasty ( Wade-Giles: Sung Ch'ao was a ruling dynasty in China between 960&ndash1279 CE it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms The last king died in 988. Events By Place Africa Al-Azhar University is founded in Cairo, Egypt (the second oldest university in the world

Legacy

Cultural Legacy

A section of the West Lake. The reconstructed pavilion on the left is said to mark the spot of an archery range in the Wuyue period.

The Wuyue Kingdom cemented the cultural and economic dominance of the Wuyue region in China for centuries to come, as well as creating a lasting regional cultural tradition distinctive from the rest of China. The leaders of the kingdom were noted patrons of Buddhism, and architecture, temple decoration, and religious sculptures related to Buddhism. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices The term architecture (from Greek αρχιτεκτονικήarchitektoniki) can be used to mean a process a profession or documentation A temple (from the Latin word Templum) is a structure reserved for religious or spiritual activities such as prayer and sacrifice or analogous rites Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices The cultural distinctiveness that began developing over this period persists to this day as the Wuyue region speaks a dialect called Wu (the most famous variant of which is Shanghainese), has distinctive cuisine and other cultural traits. Shanghainese (上海閒話 in Shanghainese sometimes referred to as the Shanghai dialect, is a dialect of Wu Chinese spoken in the city of Shanghai

Infrastructure

The physical legacy of the Wuyue Kingdom was the creation of the system of canals and dikes which allowed the region to become the most agriculturally rich region of China for many centuries. As a result, shrines to Qian Liu sprang up all across the region, and many can still be found today.

Personal legacy

Qian Liu was often known as the "Dragon King" or the "Sea Dragon King" because of his extensive hydro-engineering schemes which "tamed" the seas. The kings of Wuyue continue to enjoy positive treatment in orthodox history. They were popularly revered because of the hydro-engineering works, ensuring the economic prosperity of the region, and for finally surrendering to the Song Dynasty, which ensured both a unified Chinese nation and that the region would not be ravaged by war. The Song Dynasty ( Wade-Giles: Sung Ch'ao was a ruling dynasty in China between 960&ndash1279 CE it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms

During the early Song Dynasty, the Qian royal family were treated as second only to the ruling Zhao imperial family, as reflected in the Hundred Family Surnames. The Song Dynasty ( Wade-Giles: Sung Ch'ao was a ruling dynasty in China between 960&ndash1279 CE it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms The Hundred Family Surnames ( is a classic Chinese text composed of common Surnames in ancient China Subsequently, many shrines were erected across the Wuyue region where the kings of Wuyue were memorialised, and sometimes, worshipped as dictating weather and agriculture. Many of these shrines, known as "Shrine of the Qian King" or "Temple to the Qian King", remain today, the most popularly visited example being that near West Lake in Hangzhou. ( Postal map spelling: Hangchow) is a Sub-provincial city located in the Yangtze River Delta in the People's Republic of China,

Qian Liu reputedly had more than a hundred sons born to many different wives and concubines. His proginy were posted to various parts of the kingdom. The Qian family remains very widely spread throughout the region. Several branches are considered "prominent families" (望族) in their local areas. ^[1]

Rulers

Qian Chu submitted to the Song Dynasty in 978 and continued to reign nominally as King of Wuyue until his death in 988. Events By Place Asia Oleg leads the Kievan Rus' in a campaign against Constantinople (see Rus'-Byzantine Events By Place Europe Badìa Fiorentina, an abbey in Florence, Italy, is founded by Willa Margravine of Tuscany Temple names are commonly used when naming most Chinese, Korean ( Goryeo and Joseon periods and Vietnamese (such dynasties as A posthumous name is an honorary name given to royalty nobles and sometimes others in some cultures after the person's death A Chinese era name ( is the Era name, reign period or regnal title used when traditionally numbering years in an emperor's reign and naming certain Chinese Events By Place Asia Oleg leads the Kievan Rus' in a campaign against Constantinople (see Rus'-Byzantine Events By Place Europe St Ursenstift is founded by the Burgundian Queen Bertha in Solothurn. Events By Place Asia The Battle of Belach Mugna is fought Zhu Wen kills the last Tang Dynasty emperor Events By Place Europe June 15 — Battle of Soissons: King Robert I of France is killed and King Charles the Events By Place Europe June 15 — Battle of Soissons: King Robert I of France is killed and King Charles the For the area code see Area code 925. For the hallmark 925 see Sterling silver. For the area code see Area code 925. For the hallmark 925 see Sterling silver. Events By Place Europe St Ursenstift is founded by the Burgundian Queen Bertha in Solothurn. Events By Place Europe St Ursenstift is founded by the Burgundian Queen Bertha in Solothurn. Events By Place Asia The Rus'-Byzantine War (941 is fought By Topic Religion Oda Events By Place Asia The Rus'-Byzantine War (941 is fought By Topic Religion Oda Events By Place Asia The Later Jin Dynasty falls to the Later Han Dynasty (founded by Gaozu of Later Han) in Events By Place Asia The Later Jin Dynasty falls to the Later Han Dynasty (founded by Gaozu of Later Han) in Events By Place Asia The Later Jin Dynasty falls to the Later Han Dynasty (founded by Gaozu of Later Han) in Events By Place Europe Badìa Fiorentina, an abbey in Florence, Italy, is founded by Willa Margravine of Tuscany Qian Chu ( (929-988 was the last King of Wuyue (reigned 947-978 a kingdom in southern-eastern China during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms The Song Dynasty ( Wade-Giles: Sung Ch'ao was a ruling dynasty in China between 960&ndash1279 CE it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms

References

Notes

1. ^ Pan (1937)

General

• Mote, F. W. (1999). Imperial China (900-1800). Harvard University Press, 11, 15, 22-23. ISBN 0-674-01212-7.  
• Pan, Guangdan (1937). Prominent Families of Jiaxing in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Shanghai: The Commercial Press.