Mount Wuyi*
UNESCO World Heritage Site
State Party	China
Type	Mixed
Criteria	iii, vi, vii, x
Reference	911
Region†	Asia-Pacific
Inscription history
Inscription	1999  (23rd Session)
* Name as inscribed on World Heritage List. † Region as classified by UNESCO.

The Wuyi Mountains (Chinese: 武夷山; pinyin: Wǔyí Shān) are a mountain range located at the prefecture Nanping, at the northern border of Fujian province with Jiangxi province, China. A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex As of 2008 there are a total of 878 World Heritage Sites located in 145 "State Parties" Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex This is a list of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Asia, Australia and the Pacific ( Australia) A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use This article is about the city in Fujian Province China For the Ten Kingdoms -era kingdom also known as Nanping see Jingnan Administration This article is about the People's Republic of China province A province is a territorial unit almost always an Administrative division. ( Postal map spelling: Kiangsi is a southern province of the People's Republic of China, spanning from the banks of the Yangtze River Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES The mountains cover an area of 60 km². Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of In 1999, Mount Wuyi entered UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites, both natural and cultural. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex It is the most outstanding biodiversity conservation zone of Southeast China. Numerous types of tea are produced around Mount Wuyi, it is the origin of the real Da Hong Pao tea and Lapsang souchong, further described in Wuyi tea. Dà Hóng Páo ( 大[[wiktionary 红|红]] 袍) is a very important Wuyi Oolong tea Lapsang souchong is a Black tea originally from the Wuyi region of the Chinese province of Fujian. Bohea ( a word derived from the Wuyi Mountains in northern Fujian, China) a kind ofblack Tea, or in the 18th and early 19th centuries teagenerally

Location

The Wuyi Mountains are located between Wuyishan City, at Nanping prefecture of Fujian province and Wuyishan Town, at Shangrao city of Jiangxi province. This article is about the city in Fujian Province China For the Ten Kingdoms -era kingdom also known as Nanping see Jingnan Administration This article is about the People's Republic of China province Education Shangrao Normal University(上饶师范学院 was previously called Shangrao Normal Junior College when it was founded in 1958 ( Postal map spelling: Kiangsi is a southern province of the People's Republic of China, spanning from the banks of the Yangtze River The geographical coordinates are 27° 43′ northern latitude and 117° 41′ east of Greenwich. This article describes the unit of angle For other meanings see Degree. A minute of arc, arcminute, or MOA is a unit of angular measurement, equal to one sixtieth (1/60 of one degree. Latitude, usually denoted symbolically by the Greek letter phi ( Φ) gives the location of a place on Earth (or other planetary body north or south of the Greenwich ( ˈɡrɛnɪtʃ GREN-itch /ˈɡrɛnɪdʒ/ GREN-idge or /ˈɡrɪnɪdʒ/ GRIN-idge is a district in south-east London, The area is connected to the road network by provincial road number S303. The world heritage site has an area of 999. 75 square kilometres with an additional buffer zone of 278. 88 km².

Geology

The region is part of the Cathayshan fold system and has experienced high volcanic activity and the formation of large fault structures, which were subsequently subject to erosion by water and weathering. The landscape is characterized by winding river valleys flanked by columnar or dome-shaped cliffs as well as cave systems. Peaks in the western portion of the Wuyi Mountains typically consist of volcanic or plutonic rocks, whereas peaks and hills in the eastern area are made up of red sandstone with very steep slopes but flat tops. Sandstone is a Sedimentary rock composed mainly of Sand -size Mineral or rock grains. The Nine-bend River (Jiuqu Xi), about 60 kilometers in length, meanders in a deep gorge among these hills. The highest peak in the area is Mount Huanggang at 2,158 meters, making it the highest point of Fujian, the lowest altitudes are around 200 meters. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International This article is about the People's Republic of China province

Climate

Nine-bend River in the Wuyi Mountains.

The Wuyi Mountains act as a protective barrier against the inflow of cold air from the northwest and retain warm moist air originating from the sea. As a result, the area has a humid climate (humidity 80 to 85%) with high rainfall (annual average 2,200 millimeters in the south-west and 3,200 millimeters in the north) and common fogs. The Millimetre ( American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to Lower altitudes experience annual temperatures in the range from 12 to 18 °C. The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale.

The area is relatively pollution-free, the Chinese government set up its first air quality monitoring station in the area on January 31, 2005. Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into an environment that causes instability disorder harm or discomfort to the physical systems or living organisms they are in Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Biodiversity and environment

Forest in the nature reserve portion of the Wuyi Mountains.

The Wuyi Mountains are the largest and most representative example of Chinese subtropical forests and South Chinese rainforests' biodiversity. The subtropics are the zones of the Earth immediately north and south of the tropic zone which is bounded by the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of A forest is an area with a high density of Trees There are many definitions of a forest based on various criteria Rainforests are Forests characterized by high Rainfall with definitions setting minimum normal annual rainfall between 1750–2000 mm (68-78 inches Its ecology has survived from before the Ice Age around 3 million years ago. Ecology (from Greek grc οἶκος oikos, "house(hold" and grc -λογία -logia) is the scientific study of An ice age is a period of long-term reduction in the Temperature of the Earth 's surface and atmosphere resulting in an expansion of continental Ice sheets Biologists have been conducting field research in the area since 1873. Year 1873 ( MDCCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

The vegetation of the area depends strongly on altitude. It is divided into 11 broad categories: 1) temperate coniferous forest, 2) warm coniferous forest, 3) temperate broad-leaved and coniferous mixed forest, 4) deciduous and broad-leaved forest, 5) evergreen broad-leaved and deciduous mixed forest, 6) evergreen broad-leaved forest, 7) bamboo forest, 8) deciduous broad-leaved shrub forest, 9) evergreen broad-leaved shrub forest, 10) brush-wood, and 11) meadow steppe. Most common are evergreen broad-leaved forests, some of which make up the largest remaining tracts of humid sub-tropical forests in the world. Higher plants from 284 families, 1,107 genera and 2,888 species as well as 840 species of lower plant and fungus have been reported for the region. The most common tree families are Beech Fagaceae, Laurel (Lauraceae), Camellia (Theaceae), Magnolia (Magnoliaceae), Elaeocarpaceae, and Witchhazel Hamamelidaceae. The family Fagaceae, or beech family, comprises about 900 species of both Evergreen and Deciduous trees and shrubs which are characterized by alternate The Lauraceae or Laurel family comprises a group of Flowering plants included in the order Laurales. The Theaceae is a Family of Flowering plants composed of shrubs and trees The Magnoliaceae is a family in the flowering plant Order Magnoliales. Elaeaocarpaceae is a family of Flowering plants The family contains 605 Species of Trees and Shrubs in 12 genera. The Hamamelidaceae is a family of Flowering plants in the order Saxifragales, including 27 genera and about 80-90 species all Shrubs and small

The fauna of the Wuyi Mountains is renowned for its high diversity, which includes many rare and unusual species. In total, approximately 5,000 animal species have been reported for the area. 475 of these species are vertebrates and 4,635 insects. Vertebrates are members of the Subphylum Vertebrata, Chordates with backbones or spinal columns The grouping sometimes includes Insects ( Class Insecta) are a major group of Arthropods and the most diverse group of Animals on the Earth with over a million described The number of vertebrate species is divided as follows:

49 vertebrate species are endemic to China and 3 are endemic to the Wuyi Mountains. Mammals ( class Mammalia) are a class of Vertebrate Animals characterized by the presence of Sweat glands, including sweat glands Birds ( class Aves) are bipedal endothermic ( Warm-blooded) Vertebrate animals that lay eggs. Reptiles, or members of the class Reptilia are air-breathing Cold-blooded Vertebrates that have skin covered in scales as opposed to hair or feathers Prehistoric amphibian Amphibians (class Amphibia such as Frogs Toads Salamanders Newts Gymnophiona, Sirens and Fish are aquatic Vertebrate animals that are typically ectothermic (previously Cold-blooded) covered with scales, and equipped with two The latter are the bird David's Parrotbill (Paradoxornis davidianus), Pope’s Spiny Toad (Vibrissaphora liui), and the Bamboo Snake Pseudoxenodon karlschmidti (family Colubridae). The parrotbills are a group of peculiar Birds native to East and Southeast Asia, though Feral populations are known from elsewhere A colubrid (from Latin coluber, snake is a Snake that is a member of the Colubridae family. Other known endangered species in the area include: South Chinese Tiger (Panthera tigris amoyensis), Clouded Leopard (Neofelis nebulosa), Leopard (Panthera pardus), Hairy-fronted Muntjac (Muntiacus crinifrons), Mainland Serow (Capricornis sumatraensis - a goat antelope), Cabot's Tragopan (Tragopan caboti), Chinese Black-backed Pheasant (Syrmaticus ellioti), Chinese Giant Salamander (Andrias davidianus), and the Golden Kaiserihind (Teinopalpus aureus - a Swallowtail Butterfly). The South China tiger or South Chinese tiger ( Panthera tigris amoyensis) also known as the Chinese Amoy or Xiamen tiger is a Subspecies of The Clouded Leopard ( Neofelis nebulosa) is a medium-sized cat, 55 to 110 cm (2 ft to 3 ft 6 in long and weighing between 15 and 23 kg (33 to 50 lb The leopard (lɛpɚd Panthera pardus) is an Old World Mammal of the Felidae family and the smallest of the four roaring The Hairy-fronted Muntjac or Black Muntjac ( Muntiacus crinifrons) is found in Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi and Fujian The Cabot's Tragopan, Tragopan caboti is a Pheasant found in south-east China. Pheasants are a group of large Birds in the order Galliformes. The Hellbender and Asian giant Salamanders (family Cryptobranchidae) are aquatic Amphibians found in brooks and ponds in the Swallowtail butterflies are large colorful Butterflies which form the family Papilionidae.

Human history

Human settlement on the slopes of Mount Wuyi can be traced back 4,000 years by archeological remains. During the Western Han Dynasty, the ancient city of Chengcun was the capital of the Minyue kingdom. The Han Dynasty ( 206 BC–220 AD followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. Minyue ( was an ancient kingdom located what is now the province of Fujian in Southern China In the 7th century, the Wuyi Palace was built for emperors to conduct sacrificial activities, a site that tourists can still visit today. The 7th century is the period from 601 to 700 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. The mountains were an important center of Taoism and later Buddhism. Taoism (pronounced /ˈdaʊɪzəm/ or /ˈtaʊɪzəm/ also spelled '''Daoism''') refers to a variety of related Philosophical and Religious traditions Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices Remains of 35 academies erected from the era of the Northern Song to the Qin Dynasty and more than 60 Taoist temples and monasteries have been located. The Song Dynasty ( Wade-Giles: Sung Ch'ao was a ruling dynasty in China between 960&ndash1279 CE it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Not to be confused with the Qing Dynasty, the last dynasty of China However, most of these remains are very incomplete. Some of the exceptions for which authentic remains are preserved are the Taoyuan Temple, the Wannian Palace, the Sanqing Hall, the Tiancheng Temple, the Baiyun temple, and the Tianxin temple. The area is the cradle of Neo-Confucianism, a current that became very influential since the 11th century. Neo-Confucianism (/( is a form of Confucianism that was primarily developed during the Song Dynasty, but which can be traced back to Han Yu and Li

Tourism

The Yulu hill, the "symbol" of Wuyi Mountains

Punting on the River of Nine Bends, Wuyishan, China

The number of visitors to the area has increased from approximately 424,000 in 1993 to 700,000 in 1998. The musical instrument is spelled Cymbal. A symbol is something --- such as an object, Picture, written word a sound a piece A raft trip down the Nine-bend River is the most popular activity followed by a visit to the "Thread of Sky" caves, where the narrowest walkway is only 30cm. Visitor access to the biodiversity protection area is controlled.

External links

• Guide to Wuyi

• Evaluation by UNESCO advisory board (1999)
• Description of natural features
• Photo Gallery
• A video of the Roaring Tiger Rock at the Wuyi Mountains