1. ^ Albania
   War dead listed here are from Albania : a country study Federal Research Division, Library of Congress ; edited by Raymond E. The Library of Congress is the De facto National library of the United States and the research arm of the United States Congress Zickel and Walter R. Iwaskiw. 2nd ed. 1994 ISBN 0-8444-0792-5. Available online at Federal Research Division of the U. S. Library of Congress, go to 'Country Studies-Albania' -Chapter 5: Sec-World War Two.
   Jewish Holocaust victims totaled 200. The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as ^[14,244]
2. ^ Austria
   Military war dead of 260,749 are included with Germany. ^[6,335] Civilian war dead included 24,000 killed by military operations, including Allied Strategic Bombing. Strategic bombing is a Military strategy used in a Total war with the goal of defeating an enemy nation-state by destroying its economic ability to wage war rather ^[2,37-42]and 10,000 victims of Nazi political persecution from 1939 to 1945,^{[17,Table A]}the genocide of Roma people of 6,500 persons ^[13,183]and Jewish Holocaust victims totaling 65,000. The Romani people (singular Rom, plural Roma as a Noun; also known as Romanies or Roma people) are an ethnic group with origins The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as ^[14,244]
3. ^ Australia
   The war dead listed here are those reported by the Australian War Memorial website article, Australian Military Statistics: WWII- Australian civilian deaths were due primarily to Air raids on Australia, 1942–43 and Axis naval activity in Australian waters
   The Commonwealth War Graves Commission^[29]. The Australian War Memorial is Australia 's national memorial to the members of all its armed forces and supporting organisations who have died or participated Between February 1942 and November 1943, during the Pacific War, the Australian mainland domestic airspace offshore islands and coastal shipping were Although Australia was remote from the main battlefronts there was considerable Axis naval activity in Australian waters during World War II. The Commonwealth War Graves Commission ( CWGC) is a joint governmental organisation responsible for marking and maintaining the graves of members of the Commonwealth reports total deaths were 40,463, which included Army (26,516), Air Force (11,105), Navy (2,315), Merchant Navy (440), unidentified by branch of service (1), and civilian deaths (86). These losses include war related deaths during 1946-47 (1,731)^[22] The 'Debt of Honour Register' from the Commonwealth War Graves Commission lists the 1. 7m men and women of the Commonwealth forces who died during the two world wars. [65]
   The preliminary 1945 data for Australian losses was killed 23,365, missing 6,030, wounded 39,803 and POW 26,363. ^[20]
4. ^ Belgium
   Military war dead included 8,800 killed, 500 missing in action, 200 executed, 800 resistance movement fighters and 1,800 POWs. Missing in action is a status assigned to a member of the armed services who is reported missing following combat A resistance movement is a group or collection of individual groups dedicated to fighting an Invader in an occupied country or the government of a sovereign nation Civilian losses included deaths due to military operations of 32,200 and 16,900 non-Jewish victims of Nazi reprisals and repression. ^[2,43-45] Losses of about 10,000 in the German Armed Forces are not included in these figures. ^[6,230] The genocide of Roma people was 500 persons. The Romani people (singular Rom, plural Roma as a Noun; also known as Romanies or Roma people) are an ethnic group with origins ^[13,183]Jewish Holocaust victims totaled 24,387. The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as ^[14,244]
5. ^ Brazil
   The Brazilian Expeditionary Force war dead were 510^[1,255], Navy losses in the Battle of the Atlantic were 492. The Brazilian Expeditionary Force or BEF ( Portuguese: Força Expedicionária Brasileira, or FEB) was the 25300-man force formed by Civilian losses due to attacks on merchant shipping were 470 merchant mariners and 502 passengers. ^[16,540]
6. ^ Bulgaria
   Bulgarian military war dead were as follows, 2,000 military with Axis in Yugoslavia and Greece; 10,124 military dead as allies of the USSR and 10,000 Anti-Fascist Partisan deaths. The military history of Bulgaria during World War II encompasses an initial period of neutrality until 1 March 1941, a period of alliance ^[3,38-39] Regarding partisan and civilian casualties Vadim Erlikman notes " According to the official data of the royal government 2,320 were killed and 199 executed. ^[33,158]The communists claim that 20-35,000 persons died. In reality deaths were 10,000, including and unknown number of civilians. " ^[3,38-39] 3,000 civilians were killed by Anglo-American air raids^[16,512]; including 1,374 in Bombing of Sofia in World War II. The Bulgarian capital of Sofia suffered a series of Allied Bombing raids during ^[32,196]
7. ^ Burma
   Military dead of 22,000 were with the pro-Japanese Burma National Army ^[3,74-75] Civilian deaths during the Japanese occupation of Burma totaled 250,000; 110,000 Burmese, plus 100,000 Indian and 40,000 Chinese civilians in Burma. The Burma National Army served as the armed forces of the Burmese government created by the Japanese during World War II and fought in the Burma Campaign The Japanese occupation of Burma refers to the period between 1942 and 1945 during World War II, when Burma was a part of the Empire of Japan. ^[16,556].
8. ^ Canada
   The war dead listed here are those reported by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission^[29]. The Commonwealth War Graves Commission ( CWGC) is a joint governmental organisation responsible for marking and maintaining the graves of members of the Commonwealth Total deaths were 45,365 which included Army (24,530), Air Force (17,394), Navy (2,169), Merchant Navy (1,270), unidentified by branch of service(1), and civilian deaths(2). These losses include war related deaths during 1946-47 (1,298)^[22] However, the Canadian War Museum puts military losses at 42,000 plus 1,600 Merchant Navy deaths [66]. The Canadian War Museum (CWM is Canada ’s national museum of military history CANADIAN VIRTUAL WAR MEMORIAL contains a registry of information about the graves and memorials of more than 116,000 Canadians and Newfoundlanders who served valiantly and gave their lives for their country. [67]Newfoundland's losses are not included in these figures and are listed separately since it was not part of Canada during World War II. The preliminary 1945 data for Canadian losses was killed 37,476, missing 1,843, wounded 53,174 and POW 9,045. ^[20]
9. ^ China
   The official Chinese Communist statistics of China's civilian and military casualties in the Second Sino-Japanese War are 20 million dead and 15 million wounded. The Communist Party of China ( CPC) ( also known as the Chinese Communist Party ( CCP) is the founding and ruling political party of the The Second Sino-Japanese War ( July 7, 1937 to September 9, 1945) was a major war fought between the Republic of China and the The figures for total military casualties, killed and wounded are: Nationalist 3. The National Revolutionary Army ( NRA) ( sometimes shortened to 國軍 or National Army) was the National Army 2 million; Communist 580,000 and collaborator forces 1. The People's Liberation Army ( PLA) ( is the unified Military organization of all land sea and air forces of the People's Republic of China. The Collaborationist Chinese Army in the Second Sino-Japanese War went under different names at different times depending on which puppet regime it was organized under 18 million; captured: collaborator forces 950,000. ^[34,4-9]
   A study based on Chinese Nationalist sources estimates total war deaths of 15-20 million from all causes: military casualties: 1. 5 million killed in battle, 750,000 missing in action, 1. 5 million deaths due to disease and 3 million wounded; civilian casualties: due to military activity, killed 1,073,496 and 237,319 wounded; 335,934 killed and 426,249 wounded in Japanese air attacks ^[81]
   John W. Dower has noted “ So great was the devastation and suffering in China that in the end it is necessary to speak of uncertain “millions” of deaths. The bombing of Chongqing ( Traditional Chinese: 重慶大轟炸 Simplified Chinese: 重庆大轰炸 Japanese: 重慶爆撃 from 18 February 1938 John W. Dower (born 1938 is an American author professor and historian his primary focus is modern Japan and U Certainly, it is reasonable to think in general terms of approximately 10 million Chinese war dead, a total surpassed only by the Soviet Union” ^[9,295-296]. <br/ from 1937-45 is 19,605,000. The details are as follows:
   Military dead: 3,400,000(including 400,000 POW ) Nationalist/Communist and 432,000 collaborator forces ^{[5,Table 5A]}. The Collaborationist Chinese Army in the Second Sino-Japanese War went under different names at different times depending on which puppet regime it was organized under
   Civilian war deaths: 3,808,000 killed in fighting and 3,549,000 victims of Japanese war crimes(not including an additional 400,000 POWs);
   Other deaths: Repression by Chinese Nationalist's 5,907,000 (including 3,081,000 military conscripts and 2,826,00 civilian deaths caused by Nationalist government, including the 1938 Yellow River flood; political repression by Chinese Communists 250,000 and by Warlords 110,000. Japanese war crimes occurred during the period of Japanese imperialism. General Joseph Warren Stilwell ( March 19, 1883 – October 12, 1946) was a United States Army four-star General The 1938 Yellow River flood was a flood created by the Nationalist Government in central China during the early stage The Communist Party of China ( CPC) ( also known as the Chinese Communist Party ( CCP) is the founding and ruling political party of the Additional deaths due to famine were 2,250,000^{[5,Table 5A]}.
   
10. ^ Cuba
    Cuba lost 5 merchant ships and 79 dead merchant mariners^[16,540] The Cuban sub chaser CS-13 sank U-176 on May 15,1943. [68]
11. ^ Czechoslovakia
    Military war dead of 25,000 included Killed during 1938 occupation(171); Czechoslovak Forces with the western allies (3,220); Czechoslovak military units on Eastern front (4,570); Slovak Republic (WWII) Axis forces (7,000); Partisan (military) losses of (2,170) and killed in 1945 uprising(8,000). The 1st Czechoslovakian Independent Field Battalion which was formed in Buzuluk in the Urals, was the first allied unit fighting alongside the Red Army in Soviet The Slovak Republic ( Slovak: Slovenská republika) was an independent national Slovak state which existed from 14 March 1939 A partisan is a member of an Irregular military force formed to oppose control of an area by a foreign power or by an army of occupation ^[3,54]--^[35,270]Totals do not include an additional estimated 30,000 dead in Hungarian Army. ^[8,58-59] Civilian losses in include killed during 1938 occupation(262); non Jewish victims of Nazi reprisals (26,500) and killed in military operations (10,000)). ^[3,54]--^[35,270] Civilian losses include the territories of prewar Czechoslovakia, including Carpathian Ruthenia which was ceded to the USSR after the war. Carpathian Ruthenia, aka Transcarpathian Ruthenia, Rusinko Subcarpathian Rus, Subcarpathia ( Rusyn and Ukrainian The genocide of Roma people was 7,500 persons. The Romani people (singular Rom, plural Roma as a Noun; also known as Romanies or Roma people) are an ethnic group with origins ^[13,183-184]Jewish Holocaust victims totaled 277,000. The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as ^[14,244]
12. ^ Denmark
    During the Occupation of Denmark military war dead included 1,281Merchant Marine, 797 resistance fighters and 49 Army personnel. Nazi Germany’s occupation of Denmark began with Operation Weserübung 9 April 1940, and lasted until German forces withdrew Civilian deaths included 628 victims of Nazi reprisals and 440 killed during military operations. The 3,900 Danish deaths in German military service are included with German losses. Figures are from Danish Military Historie website[69]
    It has been argued that the disproportionately low figure for Danish dead is due mainly to the non violent policy of the Danish resistance movement during the occupation (see video: "A Force More Powerful", OCLC 45399754). The Danish Resistance Movement (Modstandsbevægelsen was an underground insurgency movement to resist the German Occupation of Denmark during World War II.
    Deaths of Jewish Holocaust victims totaled 77. The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as ^[14,244]
13. ^ Estonia
    Includes civilian losses due to war(35,000) and Soviet occupation(6,000) in 1940-41. fate of Estonia in World War II was decided by the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact and its Secret Additional Protocol of August 1939 Does not include military dead with Soviet(13,000) and German Armed Forces(22,000). Total deaths from 1940-53 due the war and the Soviet occupation were 81,000(8% of the population). ^[3,35] The genocide of Roma people was 1,000 persons. The Romani people (singular Rom, plural Roma as a Noun; also known as Romanies or Roma people) are an ethnic group with origins ^[13,183]Jewish Holocaust victims totaled 1,000. The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as ^[14,244]
14. ^ Ethiopia
    Total military and civilian dead in the East African Campaign were 100,000. The East African Campaign refers to the battles fought in East Africa during World War II. ^[16,491]. Military losses were 5,000^[74].
    These totals do not include losses in the Italian Second Italo-Abyssinian War and Italian occupation from 1935-41. See also First Italo-Ethiopian War. The Second Italo–Abyssinian War (also referred to as the Second Italo-Ethiopian War) was a The official Ethiopian government report lists 760,000 deaths due to the war and Italian occupation from 1935-41. See also First Italo-Ethiopian War. The Second Italo–Abyssinian War (also referred to as the Second Italo-Ethiopian War) was a ^[75]. However, R. J. Rummel estimates 200,000 Ethiopians and Libyans killed by the Italians from the 1920's-41, his estimate is " based on Discovery TV Cable Channel Program "Timewatch" 1/17/92. Rudolph Joseph Rummel (born October 21, 1932) is Professor emeritus of Political science at the University of Hawaii. ^[4,Chap.14]
15. ^ Finland
    Figures include killed and missing from the Winter War and Continuation War with the Soviet Union as well as action against German forces in 1944-45, Winter War (1939-40) losses were 22,830, military deaths from 1941-44 were 58,715^[28] and 1,036^[28] in 1944-45 in the Lapland War The Finnish Defense Forces website lists the names of the 95,000 Finnish military war dead [70], which includes 2,400 soldiers who died after the war due to their wounds. The Winter War (Talvisota Советско-финляндская война - official Зимняя война - unofficial Vinterkriget began when the The Continuation War (Jatkosota Fortsättningskriget Советско-финская война ( 25 June 1941 &ndash 19 September 1944) The Winter War (Talvisota Советско-финляндская война - official Зимняя война - unofficial Vinterkriget began when the The Lapland War (Finnish Lapin sota) were the hostilities between Finland and Nazi Germany between September 1944 and April 1945 fought in the Finland's Soviet sources list the deaths of 403 of the 2,377 Finnish POW taken in the War. ^[3,52] During the Winter war of 1939-40 the Swedish Volunteer Corps served alongside the Finns and lost 28 men in combat. The Winter War (Talvisota Советско-финляндская война - official Зимняя война - unofficial Vinterkriget began when the The Swedish Volunteer Corps ( Svenska Frivilligkåren) during the Winter War numbered 9640 1,407 Finnish volunteers served in the German SS-Volunteer Battalion Nordost and 256 were killed in action. The Finnisches Freiwilligen-Bataillon der Waffen-SS was a Finnish Volunteer combat Battalion of the German Waffen-SS. [71] On November 6, 1942, eight foreign Jewish refugees (out of more than 500 Jewish refugees) were handed over to the Germans. Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Although the exact reason for their handover is not known, Finland did not enforce anti-Semitic racial policies, leaving this case as isolated among more than 500 Jewish refugees who were granted asylum. ^[45] [72]
16. ^ France
    Military war dead include 150,000 regular forces(1939-40 Battle of France 92,000; 1940-45 on Western Front (World War II) 58,000); 20,000 French resistance fighters and 40,000 POWs in Germany. In World War II, the Battle of France, also known as the Fall of France, was the German invasion of France and the Low Countries The Western Front of the European Theatre of World War II encompassed the United Kingdom, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, The French Resistance is the collective name used for the French Resistance movements which fought against the Nazi German ^[2,60-65] There were an additional 5,000 military deaths in French Indochina. First French interventions See also France-Vietnam relations France-Vietnam relations started as early as the 17th century with the mission of the Jesuit ^[16,414-15] The pro-German Vichy France forces lost 2,653 killed. Vichy France, or the Vichy regime are the common terms used to describe the government of France from July 1940 to August 1944 ^[16,582] Vadim Erlikman, a Russian historian, estimates losses of Africans in the French Colonial Forces at about 22,000. The French Colonial Forces (Troupes Coloniales was a general designation for the military forces that garrisoned and were largely recruited from the French colonial empire ^[3,83-99] French deaths in German Army (30-40,000), mostly men conscripted in Alsace-Lorraine, are not included in these totals. Alsace-Lorraine (Reichsland Elsaß-Lothringen generally Elsass - Lothringen) was a territorial entity created by the German Empire in 1871
    Civilian losses include 120,000 killed due to military action and 230,000 victims of the Nazi reprisals and genocide(including 83,000 Jews). ^[2,60-65]The genocide of Roma people was 15,000 persons. The Romani people (singular Rom, plural Roma as a Noun; also known as Romanies or Roma people) are an ethnic group with origins ^[13,183]Jewish Holocaust victims totaled 83,000. The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as ^[14,244]
17. ^ French Indochina
    Deaths due to Vietnamese Famine of 1945 during Japanese occupation^[9,297]
18. ^ Germany
    The 1939 Population is for Germany within 1937 borders and the Free City of Danzig. The Vietnamese Famine of 1945 ( Vietnamese: Nạn đói Ất Dậu - Famine of the Ất Dậu Year) was a Famine that occurred in northern The Free City of Danzig ( German: Freie Stadt Danzig; Polish: Wolne Miasto Gdańsk) was an autonomous Baltic Sea port and Not included in the German population are Austria and the 6,912,000 ^[23,] ethnic Germans of eastern Europe[73]. This article is about the German diaspora See Germans for the German ethnicity in general However, the 534,000 military deaths of ethnic Germans in eastern Europe and 261,000 from Austria are included with total German losses^[6].
19. ^ Dr. Rűdiger Overmans of the German Armed Forces Military History Research Office has provided a reassessment of German military war dead based on a statistical analysis of German military personnel records. The German Armed Forces Military History Research Office ( Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt or MGFA) is located at Potsdam, the capital of Brandenburg ^[6]. Overmans concluded that these losses were 5,318,0000. ^[6]. , not including the deaths of 215,000 Soviet citizens conscripted by Germany ^[7,278]. German losses were previously estimated at 4. 5 million^[31,111-129], Overmans includes 344,000 deaths that were previously listed as civilian losses in eastern Europe and 230,000 as paramilitary, Volkssturm and police forces fighting with the regular forces. A paramilitary is a force whose function and organization are similar to those of a professional military force but which are not regarded as having the same status The Volkssturm (lit "Folkstorm" "People's" or "National Militia" Sturm lit Overmans lists the following losses- Africa 16,066; the Balkans 103,693; Northern Europe 30,165; Western Europe until 12/31/44- 339,957; Italy 150,660; against the U.S.S.R. until 12/31/44- 2,742,909; final battles in Germany during 1945-1,230,045; other ( including air war in Germany & at sea ) 245,561; confirmed deaths of POWs in captivity 459,475(including 363,000 in Soviet captivity)- Grand Total 5. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 318 million. Overmans lists losses of 4,456,000 from pre-war Germany, 261,000 from Austria, 534,000 ethnic Germans from eastern Europe, 30,0000 French and 37,000 volunteers from western Europe. This article is about the German diaspora See Germans for the German ethnicity in general Included in the total of 5. 3 Million war dead are 2. 0 Million men listed as missing in action or unaccounted for after the war. ^[6,333-336]Dr. Rüdiger Overmans believes that “It seems entirely plausible, while not provable,that one half of the missing were killed in action, the other half however in fact died in Soviet custody” ^[6,289] Soviet sources list the deaths of 474,967 of the 2,652,672 German Armed Forces POW taken in the War. ^[12,109]
    For a critical analysis of the statistical methodology of Overmans see[74] In addition to these losses the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht reported the losses of Soviet citizens serving in the German military ^[24]separately, these losses were not included in the Overmans analysis of German casualties. For other uses of OKW see OKW (disambiguation. The Oberkommando der Wehrmacht ( OKW) ( English: "High Command ^[6,228-230]. A Russian source, G. I. Krivosheev reported these losses as 215,000^[7,278]. In this schedule they are included with German military war dead.
20. ^  Civilian war dead include 360-370,000 killed by Strategic bombing within the 1937 German boundaries^[25,460]. Strategic bombing during World War II was greater in scale than any wartime attack the world had previously witnessed 762,000 victims of Nazi persecution and genocide from 1933 to 1945 including political prisoners, victims of the Action T4 euthanasia program, Gay men and 160,000 German Jews . Action T4 (Aktion T4 was a program in Nazi Germany spanning October 1939 until August 1941 during which physicians killed 70273 peoplespecified in Hitler's After World War I, in the period known as the Weimar Republic, gay men in Germany, especially in Berlin, enjoyed more freedom and acceptance ^{[17,Table A]}
    German civilian deaths due to the expulsion of Germans after World War II were estimated in 1958 to be 2. The expulsion of Germans after World War II was the Forced migration and Ethnic cleansing of German nationals ( Reichsdeutsche) and ethnic 3 million ^[83,26] However Rűdiger Overmans points out that only about 500,000 are confirmed deaths, the balance being estimated deaths. ^[6,298-299]. A study published by the German government in 1989 estimated the death toll at about 635,000. (270,000) as the result of Red Army atrocities,(160,000) during the expulsion of Germans after World War II and (205,000) in the Forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union ^[82,19]
    The genocide of Roma people was 15,000 persons. Soviet war crimes gives a short overview about serious crimes committed by the Red Army 's (1918-1946 later Soviet Army) leadership and an unknown number of single The expulsion of Germans after World War II was the Forced migration and Ethnic cleansing of German nationals ( Reichsdeutsche) and ethnic Forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union was considered by the Soviet Union to be part of German War reparations for the damage inflicted by Nazi Germany The Romani people (singular Rom, plural Roma as a Noun; also known as Romanies or Roma people) are an ethnic group with origins ^[13,183] Jewish Holocaust victims totaled 160,000. The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as ^[14,244]
    
21. ^ In 1949 the West German government estimate of war losses, of the population in the borders of 1937 Germany only, was 3,250,000 military dead and missing plus 500,000 civilian dead and 1,533,000 missing civilians^{[30,1949-8/226]}. In 1956 these figures were revised; 3,760,000 military dead and missing, 410,000 civilians killed by Strategic bombing and 1,260,000 civilians killed in the expulsions from Poland. Strategic bombing during World War II was greater in scale than any wartime attack the world had previously witnessed ^{[30,1956-10/494]}. These figures were for Germany in 1937 borders only and did not include additional losses from Austria (280,000 military and 24,000 civilians); ethnic Germans from eastern Europe (432,000 military and 886,000 civilians killed in expulsions); and 60,000 military deaths of men from France and western Europe. This article is about the German diaspora See Germans for the German ethnicity in general Total 4,530,000 for entire German Armed Forces and 2,556,000 civilians^[31,111-129].
    
22. ^ Greece
    The war dead included 20,000 military deaths in the Greco-Italian War of 1940-41, 60,000 non-Jewish civilians, 20,000 non Jewish deportees and 140,000 famine deaths during the Axis occupation of Greece during World War II. The Greco-Italian War ( Ελληνοϊταλικός Πόλεμος Ellēnoїtalikós Pólemos or Πόλεμος The Axis occupation of Greece during World War II ( Η Κατοχή, I Katochi, meaning "The Occupation" began in April ^[2,89-91]
    Jewish Holocaust victims totaled 71,301. The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as ^[14,244]
23. ^ Hungary
    Tamás Stark of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences has provided the following assessment of losses from 1941-45 in Hungary. Hungary during World War II was a generally opportunistic and generally unwilling member of the Axis. Military losses were 300,000-310,000 including 110-120,000 killed in battle and 200,000 missing in action and POW in the Soviet Union. Missing in action is a status assigned to a member of the armed services who is reported missing following combat Hungarian military losses include 110,000 men who were conscripted from the annexed territories of Greater Hungary in Slovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia and the deaths of 20-25,000 Jews conscripted for Army labor units. See also the History of Europe, the History of present-day nations and states, Pannonian basin before Hungary, and Hungary. Slovakia (long form Slovak Republic; Slovak:, long form, is a Landlocked country in Central Europe with a population of over five million Soviet sources list the deaths of 54,700 of the 513,700 Hungarian POW taken in the War. ^[7,278] Civilian losses of about 80,000 include 45,500 killed in the 1944-45 military campaign and in air attacks,^[8,58-60] and the genocide of Roma people of 28,000 persons. The Romani people (singular Rom, plural Roma as a Noun; also known as Romanies or Roma people) are an ethnic group with origins ^[13,188]Jewish Holocaust victims, in 1939 borders, totaled 200,000. The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as ^[14,244].
24. ^ Iceland
    Confirmed losses of civilian sailors due to German attacks and mines. ^[26]
25. ^ Indian Empire
    1939 Population of the Indian Empire included the present day India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially The war dead listed here are those reported by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission^[29]. The Commonwealth War Graves Commission ( CWGC) is a joint governmental organisation responsible for marking and maintaining the graves of members of the Commonwealth Total deaths were 87,040 which included Army (79,326), Air Force (897), Navy (501), Merchant Navy (6,114), unidentified by branch of service(9), and civilian deaths(193). These losses include war related deaths during 1946-47 (8,522)^[22]The 'Debt of Honour Register' from the Commonwealth War Graves Commission lists the 1. 7m men and women of the Commonwealth forces who died during the two world wars. [75]The preliminary 1945 data for Indian losses was, killed 24,338, missing 11,754, wounded 64,354 and POW 79,489. ^[20]The pro-Japanese Indian National Army lost 2,615 dead and missing^[16,556]. The Indian National Army ( INA) or Azad Hind Fauj ( Hindi: आज़ाद हिन्द फ़ौज was an armed force formed by Indian nationalists Gurkhas recruited from Nepal fought with the British Indian Army during the Second World War. Prithvi Naraya Shahdev and Sri Teen Maharaja Jung Bahadur The Way of Sacrifice The Rajputs Pages 28-30 Graduate Thesis South Asian Studies Department Dr Nepal (नेपाल) is a Landlocked country in South Asia. See Indian Army for the post-independence (and post- partition) army of the Republic of India.
    Civilian losses were caused by the Bengal famine of 1943. The Bengal famine of 1943 is one amongst the several Famines that occurred in British administered Bengal. ^{[4, Chap 3][9,297]}
26. ^ Indonesia-Dutch East Indies
    John W. Dower cites a UN report that estimated 4 million famine and forced labor dead during the Japanese Occupation of Indonesia. See http//enwikipediaorg/wiki/WikipediaFootnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the tags and the template below John W. Dower (born 1938 is an American author professor and historian his primary focus is modern Japan and U Imperial Japan occupied Indonesia during World War II from March 1942 until after the end of War in 1945 ^[9,296].
    The United Nations reported in 1947 that “about 30,000 Europeans and 300,000 Indonesian internees and forced laborers died during the occupation. ” They reported, “The total number who were killed by the Japanese, or who died from, hunger, disease and lack of medical attention is estimated at 3,000,000 for Java alone, 1,000,000 for the Outer Islands. Altogether 35,000 of the 240,000 Europeans died; most of them were men of working age. ” ^[91,13-14]
    The Dutch Red Cross reported the deaths in Japanese custody of 14,800 European civilians out of 80,000 interned and 12,500 of the 34,000 POW captured. ^[92,170]
27. ^ Iran
    Losses during allied occupation in 1941. ^[16,498].
28. ^ Iraq
    Losses during Anglo-Iraqi War and UK occupation in 1941. The Anglo-Iraqi War was a conflict between the United Kingdom and the Nationalist government of Iraq during World War II. ^{[3,65][16,498]}.
29. ^ Ireland
    Despite being neutral, Ireland suffered casualties. In 1995 Irish Taoiseach(Prime Minister)John Bruton claimed at least 10,000 Irish were killed serving in the British or Commonwealth armed forces. John Gerard Bruton (Seán de Briotún born 18 May 1947 served as the ninth Taoiseach of Ireland. The civilian death figure includes 33 Irish merchantmen were killed when a U-Boat torpedoed the Irish Pine[76], and deaths caused by the presumably accidental bombing of Ireland in three instances. U-boat is the anglicized version of the German word, itself an abbreviation of Unterseeboot ( undersea boat) and refers The Bombing of Dublin in World War II occurred on 31 May 1941 when amid World War II, the German Air Force ( Luftwaffe) bombed Dublin [77] ^[27].
30. ^ Italy
    The official Italian government accounting of World War Two 1940-45 losses listed the following data. ^[68,]. Total military dead and missing from 1940-45 were 291,376, losses prior to the September 8, 1943 Armistice with Italy totaled 204,346 ( 66,686 killed, 111,579 missing, 26,081 died of disease), after the September 8, 1943 Armistice with Italy, 87,030 (42,916 killed, 19,840 missing, 24,274 died of disease). The Armistice with Italy was an Armistice signed on September 3 and publicly declared on September 8, 1943, during World War II, between Events 70 - Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem. 1264 - The Statute of Kalisz Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Armistice with Italy was an Armistice signed on September 3 and publicly declared on September 8, 1943, during World War II, between Losses by branch of service: Army 201,405; Navy 22,034; Air Force 9,096; Colonial Forces 354; Chaplains 91; Fascist militia 10,066; Paramilitary 3,252; not indicated 45,078. A chaplain is typically a Priest, Pastor, ordained Deacon, Rabbi, Imam or other member of the Clergy serving a group of Fascism is a totalitarian nationalist and corporatist ideology A paramilitary is a force whose function and organization are similar to those of a professional military force but which are not regarded as having the same status Military Losses by theatre of war: Italy 74,725 (37,573 post armistice); France 2,060 (1,039 post armistice); Germany 25,430 (24,020 post armistice); Greece, Albania & Yugoslavia 49,459 (10,090 post armistice); USSR 82,079 (3,522 post armistice); Africa 22,341 (1,565 post armistice), at sea 28,438 (5,526 post armistice); other & unknown 6,844 (3,695 post armistice). POW losses are included with military losses mentioned above. Civilian losses were 153,147 ( 123,119 post armistice) including 61,432 (42,613 post armistice) in air attacks^[68]. A brief summary of data from this report can be found online at -[78](go to Vol 13, No. 15).
    There were in addition to these losses the deaths of African soldiers conscripted by Italy which were estimated by the Italian military at 10,000 in East African Campaign of 1940-41. The East African Campaign refers to the battles fought in East Africa during World War II. ^[73].
    Included in the losses are 64,000 victims of Nazi reprisals and genocide including 30,000 POWs and 8,500 Jews^{[17, Table A]}. Soviet sources list the deaths of 28,000 of the 49,000 Italian war prisoners in Soviet Union 1942-1954^[3,47] Military losses in Italy after the September 1943 Armistice with Italy, included 5,927 with the Allies, 17,488 Italian resistance movement fighters and 13,000 RSI Italian Social Republic Fascist forces. Over 60000 Italian prisoners of war were taken captive by the Red Army in the Second World War. The Armistice with Italy was an Armistice signed on September 3 and publicly declared on September 8, 1943, during World War II, between The Italian Resistance movement was a partisan force during World War II. The Italian Social Republic ( Italian: Repubblica Sociale Italiana or RSI) was a Puppet state of Nazi Germany led by the "Duce of the ^[77] The genocide of Roma people was 1,000 persons. The Romani people (singular Rom, plural Roma as a Noun; also known as Romanies or Roma people) are an ethnic group with origins ^[13,183]Jewish Holocaust victims totaled 8,562. The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as (including Libya)^[14,244]
31. ^ Japan
    1939 Japanese population includes 1. 7 million Japanese in China and Korea. ^[15,15]
    John W. Dower reported that Japanese government figures list the military deaths of 1,740,955 from 1937-45. John W. Dower (born 1938 is an American author professor and historian his primary focus is modern Japan and U The details are as follows: 185,647 in China from 1937-41 and 1,555,308 from 1941-45 in the Pacific War. The Pacific War was the part of World War II —and preceding conflicts—that took place in the Pacific Ocean, its islands and in East Asia, between Army - Against US- 485,717; Against UK/Netherlands-208,026; In China-202,958; Against Australia -199,511; French Indochina -2,803; Against USSR -7,483; Other overseas -23,388; Japan proper -10,543. Navy 1941/45 -414,879. "only one third of the military deaths occurred in actual combat, the majority being caused by illness and starvation"^[9,297-299]. In addition there were the deaths of prisoners after the surrender. According to John W. Dower; the "Known deaths of Japanese troops awaiting repatriation in Allied (non-Soviet) hands were listed as 81,090 by U. John W. Dower (born 1938 is an American author professor and historian his primary focus is modern Japan and U S. authorities"^[9,363]. An additional 300,000 Japanese prisoners died in Soviet hands after the surrender in Manchuria, Korea and the U.S.S.R. By the end of World War II there were from 510000 to 600000 Japanese POWs in the Soviet Union and Mongolia interned to work in Labor ^[9,297-299]. The Japanese Ministry of Welfare and Foreign Office reported that 347,000 military personnel and civilians were dead or missing in Soviet hands after the war. The Japanese list the losses of 199,000 in Manchurian transit camps, 36,000 in North Korea, 9,000 from Sakhalin and 103,000 in the U.S.S.R.. Manchuria ( Romanized Manchu: Manju,, Маньчжурия Mongolian: Манж is a historical name given to a vast geographic region in northeast North Korea is the commonly used short form name for the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (or DPRK) a State located in East Asia, Sakhalin (Сахали́н səxʌˈlʲin Japanese:nihongo|樺太|karafuto or; Chinese: 庫頁 Kùyè also Saghalien, is a large elongated The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 ^[44,116-118] These figures were disputed by the Soviet Union, which reported the deaths of only about 60,000 of the 609,400 Japanese prisoners of war in the Soviet Union ^[3,81]
    Military deaths include Koreans (14,527) ^[84,57] and Chinese from Taiwan(30,304)[79] conscripted by Japan. By the end of World War II there were from 510000 to 600000 Japanese POWs in the Soviet Union and Mongolia interned to work in Labor Korea under Japanese rule refers to the period between 1910 and 1945 when Korea was forcibly annexed by the Japanese Empire. Not included in Japanese war dead are 432,000 Chinese military forces collaborating with Japan. ^{[5,Table 5A]}
    John W. Dower reports civilian losses due to U. The Collaborationist Chinese Army in the Second Sino-Japanese War went under different names at different times depending on which puppet regime it was organized under John W. Dower (born 1938 is an American author professor and historian his primary focus is modern Japan and U S. Strategic bombing according to official Japanese figures were 393,367 dead, including 210,000 killed in the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and 97,031 in the Bombing of Tokyo in World War II. Strategic bombing during World War II was greater in scale than any wartime attack the world had previously witnessed The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were nuclear attacks near the end of World War II against the Empire of Japan by the United States at In addition to these deaths 150,000 civilians were killed on Okinawa and 10,000 on Saipan during the fighting. is one of Japan 's southern prefectures, and consists of hundreds of the Ryukyu Islands in a chain over 1000 km long which extends southwest from Kyūshū Saipan (saɪˈpæn /saɪˈpɑn/ or /ˈsaɪpæn/ in English is the largest Island and Capital of the United States Commonwealth of the Northern ^[9,297-299] War related deaths of Japanese merchant marine personnel were 27,000. ^[16,578]
    The Yasukuni Shrine in Japan lists a total of 2,325,128 military deaths from 1937-1945 including civilians who participated in combat, Chinese(Taiwan) and Koreans in the Japanese Armed Forces. is a Shinto shrine located in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan. It is dedicated to the Kami (spirits of Soldiers
    
32. ^ Korea
    The American researcher R. J. Rummel's estimates 378,000 Korean dead due to forced labor in Japan and Manchuria. Rudolph Joseph Rummel (born October 21, 1932) is Professor emeritus of Political science at the University of Hawaii. According to Rummel “Information on Korean deaths under Japanese occupation is difficult to uncover. We do know that 5,400,000 Koreans were conscripted for labor beginning in 1939, but how many died can only be roughly estimated. ”. ^{[4,Chap 3]}.
    John W. Dower has reported “ Between 1939 and 1945, close to 670,000 Koreans were brought to Japan for fixed terms of work, mostly in mines and heavy industry, and it has been estimated that 60,000 or more of them died under harsh conditions of their work places. John W. Dower (born 1938 is an American author professor and historian his primary focus is modern Japan and U Over 10,000 others were probably killed in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki” ^[9,47].
    A Korean demographic study reports “the mortality level and the course of mortality changes among Koreans in Korea during the war, appear not to have been much affected. Even for all Koreans living in Korea, Japan and Manchuria, the impact of World War II on the trend and level of mortality is not likely to have been significant. The same source reports '6,369 Koreans to have died in the Japanese military forces, and the number rises to 14,527 when civilians attached to the military forces is added’^[84,57]
    Korean military forces fighting against Japan were the Korean Liberation Army under Chinese Nationalist command and the Korean Volunteer Army which fought with the Chinese Communist guerrillas. The Korean Liberation Army, established on September 17 1941 in Chongqing, China, was the armed force of the Provisional Government of the The Korean People's Army (short KPA is the Military of North Korea. The Communist Party of China ( CPC) ( also known as the Chinese Communist Party ( CCP) is the founding and ruling political party of the
    
33. ^ Latvia
    Includes civilian losses due to war (220,000) and Soviet occupation in 1940-41(7,000). The Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940 refers according to the European Court of Human Rights, the Government of Latvia the State Department of the United Does not include military dead with Soviet(13,000) and German Armed Forces (24,000). Total deaths from 1940-53 due the war and the Soviet occupation were 287,000(14% of the population)^[3,28]The genocide of Roma people was 2,500 persons. The Romani people (singular Rom, plural Roma as a Noun; also known as Romanies or Roma people) are an ethnic group with origins ^[13,183]Jewish Holocaust victims totaled 80,000^[14,244]
34. ^ Lithuania
    Includes civilian losses due to war (345,000) and Soviet occupation in 1940-41(8,000). The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as Does not include military dead with Soviet (27,000) and German Armed Forces (8,000). Total deaths from 1940-53 due the war and the Soviet occupation were 448,000(15% of the population)^[3,29] The genocide of Roma people was 1,000 persons. The Romani people (singular Rom, plural Roma as a Noun; also known as Romanies or Roma people) are an ethnic group with origins ^[13,183]Jewish Holocaust victims totaled 141,000^[14,244]
35. ^ Luxembourg
    Total war dead were 5,000 ^[2,107]which included military losses of about 3,000 with the German Armed Forces and 200 in Belgian Army. The genocide of Roma people was 200 persons. The Romani people (singular Rom, plural Roma as a Noun; also known as Romanies or Roma people) are an ethnic group with origins ^[13,183]Jewish Holocaust victims totaled 700. The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as ^[14,244]
36. ^ Malaysia
    Victims of forced labor and reprisals during the Japanese occupation. ^[9,296]
37. ^ Malta
    Air attack victims. ^[16,491]. The BBC has an online report on the siege of Malta [80]
38. ^ Mexico
    Mexico lost 7 merchant ships and 63 dead merchant mariners^[16,540]A Mexican Air Force unit Escuadrón 201 served in the Pacific and suffered 5 combat deaths. El Escuadrón 201 was a Mexican fighter Squadron, part of the (FAEM — "Mexican Expeditionary Air Force" that aided the Allied
39. ^ Mongolia
    Military losses with USSR against Japan in the 1939 Battle of Khalkhin Gol (200) and 1945 Operation August Storm (72) campaigns. The Battle of Khalkhyn Gol (бои на реке Халхин-Гол Халхын голын байлдаан Japanese ノモンハン事件 Nomonhan jiken --i ^[3,74]
40. ^ Netherlands
    Military and merchant marine deaths were: 2,900 in the 1940 Battle of the Netherlands; 900 in the 1942 Japanese occupation of Indonesia, 8,500 military POW deaths in Japanese captivity. The Battle of the Netherlands (Slag om Nederland was part of Case Yellow (Fall Gelb the German invasion of the Low Countries ( Belgium Imperial Japan occupied Indonesia during World War II from March 1942 until after the end of War in 1945 ^[87,1275] and 3,500 Merchant Marine dead. ^[88]The Australian War Memorial website reports 8,000 of the 37,0000(including 27,000 Indonesians)POW died in Japanese captivity[81] Civilian losses in Europe of 94,450 include: 20,400 killed due to military action; 58,050 non Jewish victims of Nazi reprisals and repression; 16,000 deaths in the Dutch famine of 1944 . The Australian War Memorial is Australia 's national memorial to the members of all its armed forces and supporting organisations who have died or participated The Dutch famine of 1944 (known as hongerwinter ("Hunger winter" in Dutch was a Famine that took place in the Netherlands during the winter ^[2,109-111] The Dutch Red Cross reported the deaths in Japanese custody of 14,800 European civilians out of 80,000 interned^[92,170] The Netherlands War Graves Foundation maintains a registry of the names of Dutch war dead. [82] Losses of about 10,000 in the German Armed Forces are not included in these figures. ^[6,230] The genocide of Roma people was 500 persons. The Romani people (singular Rom, plural Roma as a Noun; also known as Romanies or Roma people) are an ethnic group with origins ^[13,183]Jewish Holocaust victims totaled 106,000. The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as ^[14,244]
41. ^ Newfoundland
    Newfoundland's losses are listed separately since it was not part of Canada during World War II. Military losses with UK(574) and Canadian forces(100). Source: Canadian War Museum. The Canadian War Museum (CWM is Canada ’s national museum of military history [83][84] Military losses include 333 from the Newfoundland Merchant Navy,[85]. Civilian due to the sinking of the SS Caribou in October 1942[86]. See also Newfoundland Railway Marine Atlantic CN Marine
42. ^ New Zealand
    The military deaths listed here are those reported by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission^[29]. The Commonwealth War Graves Commission ( CWGC) is a joint governmental organisation responsible for marking and maintaining the graves of members of the Commonwealth Total deaths were 11,929 which included Army(7,595), Air Force(3,787), Navy(539), Merchant Navy (7) and a civilian death(1). These losses include war related deaths during 1946-47(269)^[22]The 'Debt of Honour Register' from the Commonwealth War Graves Commission lists the 1. 7m men and women of the Commonwealth forces who died during the two world wars. [87] Details can be found online at the New Zealand Armed Forces Memorial Project[88]The preliminary 1945 data for New Zealand losses was, killed 10,033, missing 2,129, wounded 19,314 and POW 8,453. ^[20]
43. ^ Norway
    Military deaths were 2,000 regular forces and 1,000 resistance fighters. Civilian dead include 3,600 merchant marine. Total does not include 700 deaths with German Armed Forces. ^[2,112-113] The Norwegian Foreign Ministry reported that "10,262 Norwegians had been killed, including 3,670 seamen. The Germans had executed 366 and tortured 39 to death. Among political prisoners and members of the underground, 658 died at home and 1,433 abroad. About 6,000 Norwegians had served the German war cause, and 709 of them had fallen in battle. [89] Jewish Holocaust victims totaled 728. The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as ^[14,244]
44. ^ Philippines
    Military war dead include 7,000 in the Battle of the Philippines (1941-42), 8,000 anti-Japanese guerrillas and 42,000 (out of 98,000) POWs in Japanese captivity^[16,566]. The Battle of the Philippines was the invasion of the Philippines by Japan in 1941–42 and the defense of the islands by Filipino and United Guerrilla warfare is the unconventional warfare and combat with which a small group of combatants use mobile tactics (ambushes raids etc Civilian losses were victims of Japanese war crimes including the Manila massacre. Japanese war crimes occurred during the period of Japanese imperialism. The Manila massacre refers to the February 1945 atrocities conducted against Filipino civilians in Manila, Philippines by retreating Japanese ^[9,296]
45. ^ Micronesia
    R. J. Rummel's estimate of victims of Japanese war crimeson the various Pacific Islands is 57,000. Rudolph Joseph Rummel (born October 21, 1932) is Professor emeritus of Political science at the University of Hawaii. Japanese war crimes occurred during the period of Japanese imperialism. ^{[4,Chap 3]}
    The plight of the civilian population of Micronesia was the subject of a study published by the University of Hawaii, The Typhoon of War. Micronesia, from the Greek mikros (μικρός (meaning small) and nesos (νῆσος (meaning island) is a Subregion They reported Micronesian war related civilian deaths were caused by American bombing and shellfire; and malnutrition caused by the U. S. blockade of the islands. In addition the civilian population was conscripted by the Japanese as forced laborers and were subjected to numerous mindless atrocities by the Japanese military. ^[93]
    During the Battle of Guam (1944) the number of Chamorro people killed or wounded is not accurately known but it was well over six hundred. The Battle of Guam ( July 21 - August 8 1944) was the American capture of the Japanese held island of Guam (in the "Chamoru" redirects here For the language see Chamorro language. ^[93], During the Battle of Saipan 10,000 persons perished in a mass suicide of the Japanese civilian population. The Battle of Saipan was a battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II, fought on the island of Saipan in the Mariana Islands from ^[9,297-99]
46. ^ Poland
    Tadeusz Piotrowski Professor of Sociology at the University of New Hampshire has provided a reassessment of Poland’s losses in World War Two. Polish war dead include 5,150,000 victims of Nazi crimes against ethnic Poles and the Holocaust, 350,000 deaths during the Soviet occupation in 1940-41 and about 100,000 Poles killed in 1943-44 during the massacres of Poles in Volhynia by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army. See also Occupation of Poland (1939–1945, The Holocaust In addition to about three million Polish Jews (mostly killed in Operation Reinhard The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as This article deals with the occupation of Poland by Germany and the Soviet Union during the Second World War (1939–1945 The Polish people, or Poles, (Polacy) are a Western Slavic Ethnic group of Central Europe, living predominantly in Poland. The Massacre of Poles in Volhynia (Rzeź wołyńska (lit Volhynian slaughter was a massive Ethnic cleansing operation in German-occupied Volhynia and The Ukrainian Insurgent Army (Українська Повстанська Армія U krayins’ka P ovstans’ka A rmiya, UPA Losses by ethnic group were 3,100,000 Jews; 2,000,000 ethnic Poles; 500,000 Ukrainians and Belarusians. The Polish people, or Poles, (Polacy) are a Western Slavic Ethnic group of Central Europe, living predominantly in Poland. Ukrainians (Українці Ukrayintsi,) are an East Slavic Ethnic group primarily living in Ukraine, or more broadly— Citizens Belarusians or Belorussians (Беларусы Biełarusy previously also spelled Belarussians, Byelorussians and Belorusians, also ^[47]
    The official Polish government report prepared in 1947 claimed 6,028,000 war victims in German hands (including 123,178 military deaths, 2. 8 million Poles and 3. 2 million Jews), out of a population of 27,007,000 ethnic Poles and Jews; this report excluded ethnic Ukrainian and Belarusian losses. The Polish people, or Poles, (Polacy) are a Western Slavic Ethnic group of Central Europe, living predominantly in Poland. Ukrainians (Українці Ukrayintsi,) are an East Slavic Ethnic group primarily living in Ukraine, or more broadly— Citizens Belarusians or Belorussians (Беларусы Biełarusy previously also spelled Belarussians, Byelorussians and Belorusians, also Losses were calculated for the territory of Poland in 1939, including the territories annexed by the U. S. S. R. ^[39] The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum has reported that in addition to 3 million Polish Jews killed in the Holocaust. The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum is a national institution located adjacent to The National Mall in Washington D "Documentation remains fragmentary, but today scholars of independent Poland believe that 1. 8 to 1. 9 million Polish civilians (non-Jews) were victims of German Occupation policies and the war",^[43][38]; not including deaths caused by the Soviets. This revision of estimated war losses was the topic of articles in the Polish academic journal Dzieje Najnowsze . ^[42]
    Previously it was believed that about 1. 0 million Polish citizens died at the hands of the Soviets ^[76]; however recently Polish historians, based on research in the Soviet archives, estimate the number of deaths at 120,000 to 350,000 people deported in 1939-1941. ^{[41] [47] [72]}
    Losses by geographic area [90] were 2. 9 million in present day Poland ^[40] and about 2. 5 million in the Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union ^[41]
    The Polish contribution to World War II included forces fighting with the western allies and the U. After the Soviet invasion of Poland following the corresponding German invasion that marked the start of World War II in 1939 the Soviet Union annexed The European theater of World War II opened with the German invasion of Poland on September 1 1939 S. S. R. after the occupation of Poland in 1939. Military dead and missing were 66,300^[39] in the 1939 Invasion of Poland, 8,616 with the Polish Armed Forces in the West, 27,248 with the 1st Polish Army fighting alongside the USSR [91]and 60,000 Polish resistance movement fighters;^[3,49-50]The Warsaw Uprising of 1944 cost the lives of 200,000 Poles
    During the war 2,762,000^[70] Polish citizens of German descent declared their loyalty to Germany by signing the Deutsche Volksliste. The Invasion of Poland (1939 precipitated World War II. It was carried out by Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, and a small German-allied Polish Armed Forces in the West refers to the Polish military formations formed to fight along the Western Allies and against Nazi Germany and its allies The Polish First Army (Pierwsza Armia Wojska Polskiego 1 AWP for short was a Polish Army unit formed in the Soviet Union in 1944 from previously existing Polish I Corps The Polish resistance movement was a Resistance movement in Poland which fought against the Occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany during World The Warsaw Uprising ( Powstanie Warszawskie) was a World War II struggle by the Polish Home Army ( Armia Krajowa) to liberate Warsaw The Deutsche Volksliste (German People's List was a Nazi institution whose purpose was the classification of inhabitants of Nazi occupied territories into categories of desirability according A German source lists the deaths of 108,000 Polish citizens serving in the German armed forces ^[31,115].
    The genocide of Roma people was 35,000 persons. The Romani people (singular Rom, plural Roma as a Noun; also known as Romanies or Roma people) are an ethnic group with origins ^[13,183] Jewish Holocaust victims, in 1939 borders, totaled 3,000,000^[14,244]
47. ^ Timor
    Officially neutral, East Timor was occupied by Japan during 1942-45. The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as East Timor, also known as Timor-Leste (officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste) is a country in Southeast Asia. Allied commandos initiated a guerilla resistance campaign and most deaths were caused by Japanese reprisals against the civilian population Department of Defence (Australia), 2002, "A Short History of East Timor" (Access date: January 3, 2007. )
48. ^ Romania
    Total Romanian military war dead were approximately 300,000^[16,582]. Total Killed were 93,326 ( 72,291 with Axis and 21,035 with allies)^[10,216-217] Total POW deaths of about 215,000; (200,000 in Soviet captivity^[10,216-217] and 15,000 in German captivity ^[3,51]. Soviet sources list the deaths of 54,600 of the 201,800 Romanian POW taken in the War. ^[3,51] Figures do not include an additional estimated 40,000 to 50,000 dead in Hungarian Army. ^[8,58-60]
    Civilian losses of 64,000 included 20,000 during Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Bukovina in 1940-41 ^[3,51]; the genocide of Roma people 36,000 deaths. Bessarabia ( Basarabia in Romanian, Бесарабія in Ukrainian, Бессарабия in Russian, Бесарабия in Bulgarian Bukovina (Bucovina Буковина/ Bukovyna; German and Polish: Bukowina; see also other languages) is a historical region on the The Romani people (singular Rom, plural Roma as a Noun; also known as Romanies or Roma people) are an ethnic group with origins ^[13,184]; Allied air raids on Romania caused the deaths of 7,693 civilians^[10,314].
    Jewish Holocaust victims totaled 469,000 in 1939 borders which includes 325,000 in Bessarabia and Bukovina occupied by the U. The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as Bessarabia ( Basarabia in Romanian, Бесарабія in Ukrainian, Бессарабия in Russian, Бесарабия in Bulgarian Bukovina (Bucovina Буковина/ Bukovyna; German and Polish: Bukowina; see also other languages) is a historical region on the S. S. R. in 1940. [92]. ^[14,244]
49. ^ Singapore
    Victims of Japanese war crimes including the Japanese Occupation of Singapore and the Sook Ching massacre^{[4,Chap 3]}
50. ^ South Africa
    The losses listed here are those reported by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission ^[29]. Japanese war crimes occurred during the period of Japanese imperialism. The Japanese occupation of Singapore was the period in the History of Singapore between 1942 and 1945 when Japanese forces occupied Singapore during The Sook Ching massacre (肅清大屠殺 was a systematic Extermination of perceived hostile elements among the Chinese in Singapore by the Japanese military The Commonwealth War Graves Commission ( CWGC) is a joint governmental organisation responsible for marking and maintaining the graves of members of the Commonwealth Total deaths were 11,902 which included Army (8,782), Air Force (2,706), Navy (349), Merchant Navy (0) and civilian deaths (65). These losses include war related deaths during 1946-47 (878)^[22]The 'Debt of Honour Register' from the Commonwealth War Graves Commission lists the 1. 7m men and women of the Commonwealth forces who died during the two world wars. [93]The preliminary 1945 data for South African losses was killed 6,840, missing 1,841 wounded 14,363 and POW 14,589. ^[20]
51. ^ Soviet Union
    Military losses of 10. 7 million include 7. 7 million killed or missing in action and 2. 6 million POW dead (out of 5. 2 million total POWs), plus 400,000 paramilitary and Soviet partisan losses. The Soviet partisans were members of a Resistance movement which fought a Guerrilla war against the Axis occupation of the Soviet Union ^{[3, 20-21]} The official total of military deaths from 1941-1945 is 8,668,400; including 6,330,000 killed in action/died of wounds and 556,000 dead from non-combat causes^[7,85] plus an estimated 500,000 MIA and 1,283,000 POW dead out of 4,059,000 total POW^[7,236]. Missing in action is a status assigned to a member of the armed services who is reported missing following combat Additional casualties in 1939-40 were 136,945 which included the following dead and missing, Battle of Khalkhin Gol in 1939 (8,931); Invasion of Poland of 1939 (1,139); Winter War with Finland (1939-40) (126,875). The Battle of Khalkhyn Gol (бои на реке Халхин-Гол Халхын голын байлдаан Japanese ノモンハン事件 Nomonhan jiken --i The Invasion of Poland (1939 precipitated World War II. It was carried out by Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, and a small German-allied The Winter War (Talvisota Советско-финляндская война - official Зимняя война - unofficial Vinterkriget began when the ^[7,51-80]
    However, the estimate by western historians of Soviet military POW deaths is about 3 million out of 5. 7 million total POWs in German hands[94]. ^{[17, Table A]} Richard Overy has noted that " The official figures themselves must be viewed critically, given the difficulty of knowing in the chaos of 1941 and 1942 exactly who had been killed, wounded or even conscripted". Richard Overy (born 1947 is British historian who has Published extensively on the History of World War II and the Third Reich. ^[21,XV] The official statistics do not include an additional estimated 1,500,000 conscripted reservists missing or killed, primarily in 1941, before being listed on active strength,150,000 militia and 250,000 Soviet partisan dead. The Soviet partisans were members of a Resistance movement which fought a Guerrilla war against the Axis occupation of the Soviet Union ^{[3, 20-21]}Total Soviet population losses included approximately 12 million men aged 18 to 39. ^[11,78]
    The names of many Soviet war dead are presented in the OBD Memorial database online [95]
    Civilian deaths listed here of 12. OBD Memorial (Обобщённый банк данных «Мемориал» is a project by the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation to scan and make available online 4 million are for USSR within 1939 borders [96], these losses do not include an estimated 3. 5 million civilian dead in the territories annexed by the USSR in 1939-1945 and the 215,000 Soviet war dead in the German armed forces. ^[7,278]-^[24]. Civilian losses in territories annexed by USSR are included in totals of the Baltic states(600,000)^[3,23-34], Poland(2,500,000) ^[41]Czechoslovakia(80,000) ^[14,244] and Romania(300,000)^[14,244]. The Baltic states (Balti riigid Baltijas valstis Baltijos valstybės or Baltic countries are three countries in Northern Europe, all members of the Carpathian Ruthenia, aka Transcarpathian Ruthenia, Rusinko Subcarpathian Rus, Subcarpathia ( Rusyn and Ukrainian
    Total deaths in the USSR, including the annexed territories, exceeded the pre war level by 26. 6 million from 1941-45, including an increase of 1. 3 million in infant mortality, based on a study by the Russian Academy of Science ^[11,78], ^[37] Contemporary Russian historians estimate 2. Infant mortality is defined as the number of deaths of Infants (one year of age or younger per 1000 live births 5 to 3. 2 million civilian dead due to famine in Soviet territory not occupied by the Germans, these deaths are included in the total of 12. 4 million Soviet civilian losses. ^[12,158]. Additional famine deaths which totaled 1 million during 1946-47 are not included with in these figures . ^[3,20-21]
    The deaths of 8. 2 million Soviet civilians, including Jews, were documented from 1942-1946 by the Soviet Extraordinary State Commission^[60,140]. The Extraordinary State Commission - fully „Soviet State Extraordinary Commission for Ascertaining and Investigating the Crimes Committed by the German-Fascist Invaders and Their Accomplices The official Soviet era statistics for war losses list 25. 3 million war related deaths. Military losses of 8. 7 million including 1. 8 million missing in action and POW dead (out of 4. 0 million total POWs). Civilian deaths in German hands totaled 13. 7 million, including 7. 4 million victims of Nazi genocide and reprisals; 2. 2 million deaths of persons deported to Germany for forced labor; and 4. 1 million famine and disease deaths in occupied territory. There were an additional estimated 3. 0 million famine deaths in the territory not under German occupation. These losses are for the entire territory of the USSR in 1941, including territories annexed in 1939-40^[12,127] Documents from the Soviet archives list the total deaths of prisoners in the Gulag from 1941 to 1945 at 621,637. The Gulag was the government agency that administered the penal labor camps of the Soviet Union. ^[12,175]. However, an independent Russian journalist believes the actual death toll may be as high as 1. 7 million, when one takes into account summary executions and deaths of those forcibly deported during the war.. Population transfer in the Soviet Union may be classified into the following broad categories deportations of " Anti-Soviet " categories of population often classified ^[3,21]
    Total Soviet military dead from 1941-45, including partisans & militia, of the individual Soviet republics were 10. 5 million^{[3, 23-35]}:
    Russia 6,750,000; Armenia 150,000; Azerbaijan 210,000; Belarus 620,000; Georgia 190,000; Moldova 41,000; Ukraine 1,620,000; Estonia 13,000; Latvia 18,000; Lithuania 27,000; Kazakhstan 310,000; Kyrgyzstan 70,00; Tajikistan 50,000; Turkmenistan 70,000; Uzbekistan 330,000.
    Total war related civilian deaths, including territories annexed 1939-45, of the individual Soviet republics were 15. 7 million^{[3, 23-35]}:
    Russia 7,200,000; Armenia 30,000; Azerbaijan 110,000; Belarus 1,670,000; Georgia 110,000; Moldova 120,000; Ukraine 5,200,000; Estonia 35,000; Latvia 220,000; Lithuania 345,000; Kazakhstan 350,000; Kyrgyzstan 50,00; Tajikistan 70,000; Turkmenistan 30,000; Uzbekistan 220,000.
    The genocide of Roma people was 30,000 persons. The Romani people (singular Rom, plural Roma as a Noun; also known as Romanies or Roma people) are an ethnic group with origins ^[13,184]Jewish Holocaust victims, within 1939 borders, totaled 1,000,000. The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as ^[14,244]
    
52. ^ Spain
    Military deaths were of volunteer soldiers from the all Spanish Blue Division serving alongside Germany Army in the U.S.S.R. The Blue Division (División Azul Blaue Division or 250 Infanterie-Division in the German Army, was a unit of Spanish volunteers The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 The unit was withdrawn by Spain in 1943. ^[16,515]. R. J. Rummel estimates the deaths of 20,000 anti-Fascist Spanish refugees resident in France who were deported to Nazi camps, these deaths are included with French civilian casualties. Rudolph Joseph Rummel (born October 21, 1932) is Professor emeritus of Political science at the University of Hawaii. Anti-fascism is the opposition to fascist ideologies organizations governments and people ^{[17, Table A]}
53. ^ Sweden
    During the Winter war of 1939-40 the Swedish Volunteer Corps served alongside the Finns and lost 117 men in combat (combined Swedish losses in Finland between 1939-45) [97]. The Winter War (Talvisota Советско-финляндская война - official Зимняя война - unofficial Vinterkriget began when the The Swedish Volunteer Corps ( Svenska Frivilligkåren) during the Winter War numbered 9640 About 300 Swedish volunteers served in the German Wehrmacht and 30-45 were killed in action. [98]
    33 Swedish sailors were killed when submarine HMS Ulven was sunk by a German mine on April 16, 1943.
    187 Swedish merchant marine crew were killed by Soviet submarine attacks. [99] Immediately following the outbreak of the Second World War, Sweden concluded war-trade agreements with Great Britain and Germany, which anticipated largely unchanged trade with both sides during the conflict. , in all there were 226 sailings to and 222 sailings from Sweden within the framework of the war-trade agreements . Nine ships were lost, claiming the lives of 142 men. [100]
    In total there were about 2000 Swedish casualties in the merchant and fishing marine, with probably several more as many Swedes served in other countries navies, and casualties amongst them has not been investigated. In total 201 Swedish merchant ships and 31 fishing vessels were sunk [101].
54. ^ Switzerland
    The Americans accidentally bombed Switzerland during the war causing civilian casualties. [102]-[103]Losses of about 300 Swiss in the German Armed Forces are included with German casualties. ^[6,230]
55. ^ Thailand
    Military deaths in French-Thai War 1940-41, the Japanese invasion, and Burma Campaign 1942-45. The Japanese Invasion of Thailand occurred on December 8, 1941. The Burma Campaign in the South-East Asian Theatre of World War II was fought primarily between British Commonwealth, Chinese and United Civilian deaths caused by Allied bombing 1944-45. Military deaths consists of 143 officers, 474 non-commissioned officers, 4942 other ranks, and 88 field policemen. Royal Thai Armed Forces Education Department
56. ^ United Kingdom and Colonies
    The losses listed here are those reported by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission. The Commonwealth War Graves Commission ( CWGC) is a joint governmental organisation responsible for marking and maintaining the graves of members of the Commonwealth ^[29] Total deaths were 453,000 which included Army (210,191), Air Force (84,778), Navy (59,164), Merchant Navy (28,905), unidentified by branch of service (610), and civilian deaths (69,384). These losses include war related deaths during 1946-47. (16,628)^[22] The 'Debt of Honour Register' from the Commonwealth War Graves Commission lists the 1. 7m men and women of the Commonwealth forces who died during the two world wars. [104] The losses of Newfoundland (905) and Malta are included in these figures but are listed separately on this schedule. Newfoundland and Labrador (ˈnuːfɨn(dlənd ən(d ˈlæbrəˌdɔr (Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador is a province of Canada, the tenth and latest to join the Confederation Malta, officially the Republic of Malta (Repubblika ta' Malta is a European Microstate, comprising an Archipelago of three islands
    UK casualties include losses of the colonial forces which are the topic of the following BBC article- [105] The losses of colonial troops include 3,700 African war dead which are detailed by V. Erlikman. ^[3,83-99]. UK colonial forces included units from Africa, Malaya, Burma, Ceylon, TransJordan, Cyprus, Gibraltar, Malta and the Jewish Brigade
    The official UK report on war casualties of June 1946 provided a preliminary tally of war losses. British Malaya loosely described a set of states on the Malay Peninsula that were colonized by the British from the 18th and the 19th until the 20th century Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island The Emirate of Transjordan ( Arabic: ar إمارة شرق الأردن) was a former Ottoman territory incorporated into the British Mandate of Palestine Cyprus (Κύπρος transliterated: Kýpros,; Kıbrıs officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía Gibraltar (dʒɨˈbrɒltər is a British overseas territory located near the southernmost tip of the Iberian Peninsula overlooking the Strait of Gibraltar Malta, officially the Republic of Malta (Repubblika ta' Malta is a European Microstate, comprising an Archipelago of three islands For other Jewish regiments see Jewish legion (disambiguation. This report listed the war deaths of 357,116; Navy (50,758); Army (144,079); Air Force (69,606); Women's Auxiliary Territorial Service (624); Merchant Navy (30,248); British Home Guard ( 1,206) and Civilians (60,595). The Auxiliary Territorial Service ( ATS; often pronounced as an Acronym) was the women's branch of the British Army during the Second World War The British Home Guard (initially "Local Defence Volunteers" or LDV, or in slang Look-Duck-Vanish, hence the name change was a defence The total still missing on 2/28/1946 was 6,244; Navy (340); Army (2,267); Air Force (3,089); Women's Auxiliary Territorial Service (18); Merchant Navy (530); British Home Guard (0) and Civilians (0). The Auxiliary Territorial Service ( ATS; often pronounced as an Acronym) was the women's branch of the British Army during the Second World War The British Home Guard (initially "Local Defence Volunteers" or LDV, or in slang Look-Duck-Vanish, hence the name change was a defence These figures included the losses of Newfoundland and Southern Rhodesia. Newfoundland and Labrador (ˈnuːfɨn(dlənd ən(d ˈlæbrəˌdɔr (Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador is a province of Canada, the tenth and latest to join the Confederation Southern Rhodesia was the name of the British Colony situated north of the Limpopo River and the Union of South Africa, and known today as Zimbabwe There were an additional 31,271 military deaths due to "natural causes" which are not included in these figures. Deaths due to air and rocket attacks were 60,595 civilians and 1,206 British Home Guard. The British Home Guard (initially "Local Defence Volunteers" or LDV, or in slang Look-Duck-Vanish, hence the name change was a defence The deaths of civilians interned was unknown at that time. ^[19,7] The preliminary 1945 data for colonial forces was killed 6,877, missing 14,208, wounded 6,972 and POW 8,115. ^[20]
57. ^ United States
    Total U. S. military deaths in battle and from other causes were 416,837 The breakout by service is as follows, Army 318,274 ^[78], Navy 62,614, ^[78], Marine Corps 24,511 ^[78], United States Coast Guard 1,917. ^[16,584-591]. and United States Merchant Marine 9,521. Overview The merchant marine is a civilian auxiliary of the U ^[79]. Deaths in battle were 291,131 The breakout by service is as follows, Army 234, 874 ^[78], Navy 36,950, ^[78], Marine Corps 19,733 ^[78], United States Coast Guard 574. [106] ^[16,584-591]. These losses were incurred during the period 12/1/41 until 12/31/46 including an additional 126 men in October 1941 when the USS Kearny and the USS Reuben James were attacked by U-Boats. See also Battle of the Atlantic (1939-1945 History Reuben James was laid down on April 2 1919 by the New York Shipbuilding Corporation of Camden New Jersey, launched The United States Army Air Forces losses, which are included in the Army total, were 52,173 deaths due to combat and 35,946 from non combat causes^[69]. The United States Army Air Forces ( USAAF) was the military aviation arm of the United States of America during and immediately after World War II. The details of U. S. Army casualties are listed online at [107]. The details of United States Army Air Forces losses are listed online at[108]. The United States Army Air Forces ( USAAF) was the military aviation arm of the United States of America during and immediately after World War II. The details of U. S. Navy and Marine Corps losses are listed online at [109]. The details of U. S. Merchant Marine casualties are listed online at [110]
    U. S. Combat Dead by Theater of war - Europe-Atlantic 183,588; Army ground forces 141,088; United States Army Air Forces 36,461 and Navy/Coast Guard 6,039; Asia-Pacific 108,504; Army ground forces 41,592; United States Army Air Forces 15,694; Navy/Coast Guard 31,485; Marine Corps 19,733. The United States Army Air Forces ( USAAF) was the military aviation arm of the United States of America during and immediately after World War II. The United States Army Air Forces ( USAAF) was the military aviation arm of the United States of America during and immediately after World War II. Unidentified Theatres- Army 39^{[69] [16,584-591]}. Included in combat deaths are 14,059 POWs, in Europe (1,124) and (12,935) in Asia^[16,584-591].
    Civilian dead were 1,704 American civilians interned, by the Japanese(1,536) and in Europe (168), which are the subject of a U. S. Congressional Research Service report. Go to page CRS-11[111]. During the Attack on Pearl Harbor 68 U. The attack on Pearl Harbor (or Hawaii Operation, as it was called by the Imperial General Headquarters) was a surprise Military strike conducted by S. civilians were killed by friendly fire^[16,552] and 6 U. Friendly fire or non-hostile fire, a term originally adopted by the United States military, refers to fire from one's own side or allied forces as S. civilians were killed in Oregon in 1945 by Japanese balloon bombs ^[16,580]. The term " fire balloon " can mean a small unmanned Hot air balloon for festivities this is also called a Sky lantern.
    The names of individual U. S. military personnel killed in World War II can be found at the U. S. National Archives website [112]
    The names of U. S. Merchant Mariners killed in World War II can be found at the USMM website [113]
    The names of the 6,043 US military personnel buried at sea, during World War II, are listed at[114].
    The names of the 74,384 of the US personnel, who served in World War II, whose remains not recovered are listed at [115].
    American Battle Monuments Commission website lists the names of 176,399 military and civilian war dead from World War II buried in ABMC cemeteries or listed on Walls of the Missing [116]
    A U. The American Battle Monuments Commission ( ABMC) is a small independent agency of the United States government. S. Department of Defense report puts in the total number of US World War II missing at 73,291 [117]
    . Examples of non combat casualties within the continental United States-not listed on the ABMC website-were the Port Chicago explosion where 320 were killed and the Women Airforce Service Pilots of whom 38 lost their lives. The American Battle Monuments Commission ( ABMC) is a small independent agency of the United States government. The Port Chicago disaster was a deadly Explosion that took place on July 17 1944 at the Port Chicago Naval Magazine in Port Chicago
    "Project Priam" website lists Pacific Allied/Axis recoveries from 1958 to 2007. See[118]
    
58. ^ Yugoslavia
    The U. S. Bureau of the Census published a report in 1954 that concluded that Yugoslav war related deaths were 1,067,000. The U. S. Bureau of the Census noted that the official Yugoslav government figure of 1. 7 million war dead was overstated because it "was released soon after the war and was estimated without the benefit of a postwar census" ^[67,23] A recent study by Vladimir Žerjavić estimates total war related deaths at 1,027,000. Vladimir Žerjavić ( August 2, 1912 - 5 September 2001 was a Croatian economist and a United Nations specialist Military losses of 237,000 Yugoslav partisans and 209,000 Ustaše. The Yugoslav Partisans, or simply the Partisans, ( Serbo-Croatian, Croatian, Serbian, Macedonian, Slovene: Partizani For the militiamen of the Military Frontier, see Uskoci The Ustaša - Croatian Revolutionary Movement ( Croatian: Civilian dead of 581,000, including 57,000 Jews. Losses of the Yugoslav Republics were Bosnia 316,000; Serbia 273,000; Croatia 271,000; Slovenia 33,000; Montenegro 27,000; Macedonia 17,000; and killed abroad 80,000. ^[66]. Bogoljub Kočović a statistician, who is a Bosnian Serb by ethnic affiliation, calculated that the actual war losses were 1,014,000^[85,172-80] The late Jozo Tomasevich , Professor Emeritus of Economics at San Francisco State University, believes that the calculations of Kočović and Žerjavić “ seem to be free of bias, we can accept them as reliable” ^[86,737]
    The reasons for the high human toll in Yugoslavia were as follows:
    A. Bogoljub Kočović (1920 is a Bosnian jurist and Statistician, Yugoslave by ethnic affiliation Statisticians work with theoretical and applied Statistics in both the private and public sectors Serbs ( Serbian: Срби Srbi) are a South Slavic people living in the Balkans and Central Europe, mainly in Serbia, Military operations between the Germans, Italians and their Ustaše collaborators on one hand against the Yugoslav partisans and Chetniks^[86,744-50]
    B. The Yugoslav Front of World War II, also known as the Yugoslav People's Liberation War ( Croatian, Serbian: Narodnooslobodilački rat, Cyrillic For the militiamen of the Military Frontier, see Uskoci The Ustaša - Croatian Revolutionary Movement ( Croatian: The Yugoslav Partisans, or simply the Partisans, ( Serbo-Croatian, Croatian, Serbian, Macedonian, Slovene: Partizani The Chetnik movement or the Chetniks ( Serbian: Četnici, Cyrillic script: Четници were a Serbian -nationalist/ royalist German forces, under express orders from Hitler, fought with a special vengeance against the Serbs, who were considered Untermensch ^[86,744-50] One of the worst massacres during the German military occupation of Serbia was the Kragujevac massacre. During World War II, between 500000 and 750000 Serbs were killed Untermensch ( German for under man, sub-man, sub-human; plural Untermenschen is a term from Nazi racial Ideology The Kragujevac massacre was the massacre of between 2300 to 5000 civilians mostly Serbs and Roma, women and schoolchildren — in Kragujevac, Serbia
    C. Deliberate acts of reprisal against target populations were perpetrated by all combatants. All sides practiced the shooting of hostages on a large scale. At the end of the war Ustaše collaborators were killed during the Bleiburg massacre^[86,744-50]
    D. For the militiamen of the Military Frontier, see Uskoci The Ustaša - Croatian Revolutionary Movement ( Croatian: The Bleiburg massacre is a term encompassing events that took place during May 1945 three and a half months before the formal End of World War II in Europe ( September The systematic extermination of large numbers of people for political, religious or racial reasons. The most numerous victims were Serbs ^[86,744-50] The USHMM reports between 56,000 and 97,000 persons were killed at the Jasenovac concentration camp^{[64] [63]}. Serbs ( Serbian: Срби Srbi) are a South Slavic people living in the Balkans and Central Europe, mainly in Serbia, The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum is a national institution located adjacent to The National Mall in Washington D However, Yad Vashem reports 600,000 deaths at Jasenovac. Yad Vashem (יד ושם also spelled Yad VaShem; "Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority" is Israel 's official memorial to the Jewish ^[65]. The genocide of Roma people was 40,000 persons. The Romani people (singular Rom, plural Roma as a Noun; also known as Romanies or Roma people) are an ethnic group with origins ^[13,183-184]Jewish Holocaust victims totaled 67,122. The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as ^[14,244]:
    E. The reduced food supply caused famine and disease. ^[86,744-50]:
    F. Allied bombing of German supply lines caused civilian casualties. The hardest hit localities were Podgorica, Leskovac, Zadar and Belgrade. Podgorica ( Montenegrin / Serbian: Подгорица Podgorica ˈpɔdgɔˌriʦa is the Capital and largest city of Montenegro Leskovac ( Serbian Cyrillic: Лесковац Leskofça is a city and municipality located in southern Serbia at 43 Zadar is a city in Croatia on the Adriatic Sea, with a population of 72717 (2001 Belgrade (Београд Beograd is the Capital and largest city of Serbia. ^[86,744-50]:
    G. The demographic losses due to a 335,000 reduction in the number of births and emigration of about 660,000 are not included with war casualties. ^[86,744-50]

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• R J Rummel's Statistics of Democide
• World War II: Combatants and Casualties (1937 - 45)