Citizendia

World Trade Center

Temporary PATH station, opened in 2003 and dismantled in 2007.
Station statistics
AddressWorld Trade Center
New York, NY
Lines
NWK–WTC
HOB–WTC
ConnectionsNew York City Subway: A C E, 2 3
New York City Bus: M1, M6
Platforms1 side platform, 2 island platforms
Tracks5
Other information
Opened1903
Rebuilt1971, 2003
AccessibleHandicapped/disabled access
Owned byPort Authority of New York and New Jersey
Traffic
Passengers (2006)12. The Newark–World Trade Center is a railroad service operated by PATH. The Hoboken–World Trade Center is a service operated by PATH. The New York City Subway is a Rapid transit system owned by the City of New York and leased to the New York City Transit Authority, a subsidiary agency The A Eighth Avenue Express is a Rapid transit service of the New York City Subway. The C Eighth Avenue Local is a Rapid transit service of the New York City Subway. The E Eighth Avenue Local is a Rapid transit service of the New York City Subway. The 2 Seventh Avenue Express is a Rapid transit service of the New York City Subway. The 3 Seventh Avenue Express is a Rapid transit service of the New York City Subway. New York City Transit buses, operating under the MTA New York City Bus brand is a service of MTA Regional Bus Operations that operates in all five boroughs employing The Metropolitan Transportation Authority operates a number of Bus routes in Manhattan, New York, United States; one minor route is Railway platforms at railway stations on double lines can be side platforms or Island platforms With side platforms track centres remain the same and no space An island platform (also known as center platform or centre platform) on a Railway is where a single platform lies between two tracks The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey ( PANYNJ) is a bi-state Port district, established in 1921 (as the Port of New York Authority) through 1 million 9%
Services
Preceding station PATH Following station
  Regular service  
toward Newark
NWK–WTCTerminus
toward Hoboken
HOB–WTC
  Nights and weekends  
toward Newark
NWK–WTCTerminus

The World Trade Center PATH station originally opened on July 19, 1909 as the Hudson Terminal. The Port Authority Trans-Hudson ( PATH) is a Rapid transit railroad linking Manhattan, New York with New Jersey, and providing service The Exchange Place PATH station opened on July 19, 1909, is located in Jersey City New Jersey, adjacent to the Hudson River at Pennsylvania Station in Newark New Jersey (also known as Newark Penn Station) is a railroad/subway/bus transportation hub The Newark–World Trade Center is a railroad service operated by PATH. The Exchange Place PATH station opened on July 19, 1909, is located in Jersey City New Jersey, adjacent to the Hudson River at The Hoboken–World Trade Center is a service operated by PATH. The Exchange Place PATH station opened on July 19, 1909, is located in Jersey City New Jersey, adjacent to the Hudson River at Pennsylvania Station in Newark New Jersey (also known as Newark Penn Station) is a railroad/subway/bus transportation hub The Newark–World Trade Center is a railroad service operated by PATH. The Port Authority Trans-Hudson ( PATH) is a Rapid transit railroad linking Manhattan, New York with New Jersey, and providing service Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic. Year 1909 ( MCMIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting When the Hudson Terminal was torn down to make way for the World Trade Center, a new station was built, which opened in 1971. The World Trade Center in New York City, United States (sometimes informally the WTC or Twin Towers) was a complex of seven buildings in Lower Manhattan This station served as the terminus for the Newark-World Trade Center and Hoboken-World Trade Center routes until it was destroyed during the September 11, 2001 attacks. The Newark–World Trade Center is a railroad service operated by PATH. The Hoboken–World Trade Center is a service operated by PATH. A temporary station was built, which opened on November 23, 2003. Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar.

Contents

Hudson Terminal

Hudson Terminal (right) and the Singer Building (left)
Hudson Terminal (right) and the Singer Building (left)

Hudson Terminal was built by the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad at the turn of the twentieth century and was located between Greenwich, Cortlandt, Church, and Fulton Streets. The Hudson Terminal included two 22-story buildings were located above the station, at 30 and 50 Church Street. The terminal was an architectural and engineering marvel of its time, carefully planned and designed with a series of ramps descending from the street level to the mezzanine, to allow pedestrian traffic to flow in and out of the station quickly and easily. [1] The station was served by two single-track tubes connected by a loop to speed train movements. The loop included five tracks and 3 platforms (2 center island and one side) and is somewhat similar to the current arrangement. [2] By 1914, passenger volume at the Hudson Terminal had reached 30,535,500 annually. [1] Volume nearly doubled by 1922, with 59,221,354 passengers that year at the Hudson Terminal. [3]

Overall ridership on New Jersey's Hudson and Manhattan Railroad (H&M) declined substantially from a high of 113 million riders in 1927 to 26 million in 1958, after new automobile tunnels and bridges opened across the Hudson River. The Port Authority Trans-Hudson ( PATH) is a Rapid transit railroad linking Manhattan, New York with New Jersey, and providing service The Hudson River, called Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk, the Great Mohegan by the Iroquois, or as the Lenape Native Americans called it in Unami [4] The State of New Jersey was interested in getting the Port Authority to take over the railroad, but the Port Authority long viewed it as something unprofitable that they were never interested in. In the late 1950s, the Port Authority proposed to build a "world trade center" in New York City, on the east side of Lower Manhattan along the East River. The East River is a tidal Strait in New York City. It connects Upper New York Bay on its south end to Long Island Sound on its north end

As a bi-state agency, Port Authority projects require approval from both the states of New Jersey and New York. New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Toward the end of 1961, negotiations with outgoing New Jersey Governor Robert B. Meyner regarding the World Trade Center project reached a stalemate. Robert Baumle Meyner ( July 3, 1908 - May 27, 1990) of Phillipsburg New Jersey was an American Democratic Party In December 1961, Port Authority executive director Austin J. Tobin met with newly elected New Jersey Governor Richard J. Hughes, and made a proposal to shift the World Trade Center project to a west side site where the Hudson Terminal was located. Richard Joseph Hughes (b August 10 1909, Florence Township New Jersey d The World Trade Center PATH station originally opened on July 19, 1909 as the Hudson Terminal [5]

In acquiring the Hudson & Manhattan Railroad, the Port Authority would also acquire the Hudson Terminal and other buildings which were deemed obsolete. [5] On January 22, 1962, the two states reached an agreement to allow the Port Authority to take over the railroad and to build the World Trade Center on Manhattan's lower west side. Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus. Year 1962 ( MCMLXII) was a Common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [6] The shift in location for the World Trade Center to a site more convenient to New Jersey, together with Port Authority acquisition of the H&M Railroad, brought New Jersey to agreement in support of the World Trade Center project.

World Trade Center

Groundbreaking on the World Trade Center took place in 1966. The site of the World Trade Center was located on landfill, with the bedrock located 65 feet (20 m) below. For other uses see Water treatment and Land reclamation. A landfill, also known as a dump (and historically as [7] A new method was used to construct a slurry wall that would keep water from the Hudson River out. A slurry wall is a reinforced-concrete diaphragm wall used to build Tunnels to open cuts and to lay foundations in areas of soft earth close to open water or The Hudson River, called Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk, the Great Mohegan by the Iroquois, or as the Lenape Native Americans called it in Unami During excavation of the site and construction of the towers, the original Hudson Tubes remained in service as elevated tunnels. The construction of the World Trade Center was conceived as an Urban renewal project spearheaded by David Rockefeller, to help revitalize Lower Manhattan Downtown Hudson Tubes, in New York City, USA carry PATH Trains under the Hudson River to and from the World Trade Center station The Hudson Terminal was shut down in 1971 when a new PATH station was completed. [8] The new WTC PATH station cost $35 million to build. At the time, the station had a passenger volume of 85,000 daily. [9]

The new PATH station opened on July 6, 1971, and was sited at a different location from the original Hudson Terminal. Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. [10] The PATH station platform was slightly longer than its predecessor, accommodating 10-car trains versus the 6-car trains that the Hudson Terminal could handle. The tight turns in the loop into the Hudson Terminal were made less tight in the new station. [8] While construction of the World Trade Center neared completion, a temporary corridor was provided to take passengers between the station and a temporary entrance on Church Street. The construction of the World Trade Center was conceived as an Urban renewal project spearheaded by David Rockefeller, to help revitalize Lower Manhattan When it opened, the station had nine high-speed escalators between the platform level and the mezzanine level. [9] The WTC PATH station was served by Newark-World Trade Center and Hoboken-World Trade Center trains. The Newark–World Trade Center is a railroad service operated by PATH. The Hoboken–World Trade Center is a service operated by PATH.

When the 1993 World Trade Center bombing occurred, a section of ceiling in the PATH station collapsed and trapped dozens. The 1993 World Trade Center bombing occurred on February 26, 1993, when a Car bomb was detonated below Tower One of the World Trade Center [11] Nonetheless, the PATH station did not suffer any structural damage. [12] Within a week, the Port Authority was able to resume PATH service to the World Trade Center. [13]

The PATH station was connected to the World Trade Center towers, via an underground concourse and shopping center. The Mall at the World Trade Center was a shopping center located in the Concourse area of the World Trade Center before it was destroyed on September 11 There were also underground connections to the A/C/E New York Subway lines and to the N and R lines. The A Eighth Avenue Express is a Rapid transit service of the New York City Subway. The C Eighth Avenue Local is a Rapid transit service of the New York City Subway. The E Eighth Avenue Local is a Rapid transit service of the New York City Subway. The New York City Subway is a Rapid transit system owned by the City of New York and leased to the New York City Transit Authority, a subsidiary agency The N Broadway Express is a service of the New York City Subway. The R Broadway Local is a service of the New York City Subway. Prior to September 11, the mall had been leased to The Westfield Group, which intended to rename the mall Westfield Shoppingtown World Trade Center, and embark on a major expansion and renovation program. The Westfield Group is an Australian company and the largest retail property group in the world by equity market capitalisation and the ninth largest entity listed on the Plans called for the addition of 200,000 square feet of new mall space and a few well-known sit-down restaurants. By 2001, the volume of passengers using the WTC PATH station was approximately 25,000 daily. [14]

Soon after Flight 11 (first plane) hit the North Tower on 9/11, the PATH station was shut down by order from PATH's deputy director, Victoria Cross Kelly, and Richie Moran who commanded the PATH system at the Journal Square Transportation Center. Journal Square is a PATH station located on John F Kennedy Boulevard between Pavonia and Sip Avenues in Jersey City New Jersey, United States. A train from Newark that came into the terminal at 8:55 a. m. stopped only to pick up passengers. A second train, from Hoboken, came through at 9:00 a. m. but did not stop and returned to New Jersey. PATH sent an empty train to the station at 9:10 a. m. to pick up a dozen PATH employees, as well as a homeless individual, leaving the PATH station empty. [15]

Temporary PATH station

Hoboken-bound train at the World Trade Center PATH station (2005)
Hoboken-bound train at the World Trade Center PATH station (2005)

With the station destroyed, service to Lower Manhattan was suspended for over two years. Hoboken is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Exchange Place, the next station on the Newark–World Trade Center line, also had to be closed because it could not operate as a "terminal" station. The Exchange Place PATH station opened on July 19, 1909, is located in Jersey City New Jersey, adjacent to the Hudson River at The Newark–World Trade Center is a railroad service operated by PATH. Instead, two uptown services (Newark–33rd Street (red) and Hoboken–33rd Street (blue)) and one intra-state New Jersey service (Hoboken-Journal Square (green)) were put into operation. [16]

Temporary WTC PATH Station (2005)
Temporary WTC PATH Station (2005)

Cleanup of the Exchange Place station was needed after the attacks. The Exchange Place PATH station opened on July 19, 1909, is located in Jersey City New Jersey, adjacent to the Hudson River at As well, the downtown Hudson tubes had been flooded, which destroyed the track infrastructure. [17] Modifications to the tracks were also required since the Exchange Place station was never designed as a terminal station. [16] The Exchange Place station re-opened in June 2003. PATH service to Lower Manhattan was restored when a temporary station opened on November 23, 2003. Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. The inaugural train was the same one that had been used for the evacuation.

The temporary PATH station was designed by Port Authority chief architect Robert I. Davidson[18] and constructed at a cost of $323 million. [19] The station features a canopy entrance along Church Street and a 118-by-12 foot mosaic mural, "Iridescent Lightning," by Giulio Candussio[18] of the Scuola Mosaicisti del Friuli in Spilimbergo, Italy. Spilimbergo ( Friulian Spilimberc) is a town with a population of 11635 located northeast of Venice in the Province of Pordenone in Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The station is also adorned with opaque panel walls inscribed with inspirational quotes attesting to the greatness and resilience of New York City. These panels partially shield the World Trade Center site from view. The World Trade Center site sits on 16 Acres (65000 m² in Lower Manhattan in New York City.

In the 9/11 attacks, some sections of the station including the floor and the signage on the northeast corner, were only lightly damaged in the collapse of the World Trade Center. The collapse of the World Trade Center occurred after the September 11 attacks. These sections of the station were retained in the temporary PATH station, and will remain in the new station, where it connects with the A/C platforms. The A Eighth Avenue Express is a Rapid transit service of the New York City Subway. The C Eighth Avenue Local is a Rapid transit service of the New York City Subway. Following its reopening and the resumption of Newark-World Trade Center and Hoboken-World Trade Center service, the station quickly reclaimed its status as the busiest station in the PATH system. The Newark–World Trade Center is a railroad service operated by PATH. The Hoboken–World Trade Center is a service operated by PATH.

The World Trade Center PATH station was also home to a Storycorps booth which opened in 2005. StoryCorps is an American Non-profit organization, whose goal is to instruct and inspire people to record one another's stories in Through this program, visitors could arrange to give oral recorded histories of the disaster. The booth closed in Spring 2007 to make way for construction at the World Trade Center site. The World Trade Center site sits on 16 Acres (65000 m² in Lower Manhattan in New York City. [20] In June 2007, the street entrance to the temporary station was closed and demolished as part of the ongoing site construction. A set of new staircases was constructed several feet to the south, and a "tent" structure was added to provide cover from the elements. The tent structure, by Voorsanger Architects and installed at a cost of $275,000, was designed to have an "aspiring quality" according to architect Bartholomew Voorsanger. [21] That entrance on Church Street was closed in April 2008 when the entrance was relocated once again. On April 1, 2008, the third new temporary entrance to the PATH station opened for commuters. Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The entrance is located on Vesey Street, adjacent to 7 World Trade Center. 7 World Trade Center is a building in New York City located across from the World Trade Center site in Lower Manhattan. It will serve as the entrance through at least 2011. [22]

New York City Subway connections

New PATH station entrance that opened in April 2008
New PATH station entrance that opened in April 2008

The station also connects to several New York City Subway services:

Two connections are currently closed:

The Fulton–Broadway–Nassau station complex is one block away. The New York City Subway is a Rapid transit system owned by the City of New York and leased to the New York City Transit Authority, a subsidiary agency The A Eighth Avenue Express is a Rapid transit service of the New York City Subway. The C Eighth Avenue Local is a Rapid transit service of the New York City Subway. The E Eighth Avenue Local is a Rapid transit service of the New York City Subway. Chambers Street–World Trade Center, is a station on the IND Eighth Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. The 2 Seventh Avenue Express is a Rapid transit service of the New York City Subway. The 3 Seventh Avenue Express is a Rapid transit service of the New York City Subway. Park Place is a station on the Brooklyn branch of the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. The IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line (also known as the Seventh Avenue Line) is a New York City Subway line The 1 Broadway–Seventh Avenue Local is a Rapid transit service of the New York City Subway. Cortlandt Street (also known as Cortlandt Street–World Trade Center) was a station on the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line of the New York The IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line (also known as the Seventh Avenue Line) is a New York City Subway line The World Trade Center site sits on 16 Acres (65000 m² in Lower Manhattan in New York City. The N Broadway Express is a service of the New York City Subway. The R Broadway Local is a service of the New York City Subway. The W Broadway Local is a Rapid transit service of B Division of the New York City Subway. Cortlandt Street is a station on the BMT Broadway Line of the New York City Subway, located under Church Street beteween Fulton and Cortlandt Streets in The BMT Broadway Line is a Rapid transit line of the B Division of the New York City Subway in Manhattan, New York City, United The Fulton Street Transit Center is a $12 billion project of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA a public agency of the state of New York. An underground passageway along Dey Street is being constructed as part of the Fulton Street Transit Center project. Currently, there is street-level connection to the following services:

Plans for the new station

Background

Planned rebuilding
of the
World Trade Center
Towers
Freedom Tower (Tower 1)
200 Greenwich Street (Tower 2)
175 Greenwich Street (Tower 3)
150 Greenwich Street (Tower 4)
130 Liberty Street (Tower 5)
7 World Trade Center
Memorial and museum
Reflecting Absence (Memorial)
International Freedom Center
Drawing Center
Transit
Transportation hub

The temporary PATH station will be replaced with a permanent World Trade Center Transportation Hub, which is being built by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey at a cost of $2 billion. 1 World Trade Center, or the Freedom Tower, is the main building of the new World Trade Center complex currently under construction in Lower Manhattan in 2 World Trade Center or 200 Greenwich Street is the address for a new office building to be erected as part of the World Trade Center reconstruction in New York City 175 Greenwich Street is the address for a new Skyscraper being erected as part of the World Trade Center reconstruction in New York City. World Trade Center Tower 5, also referred to as 130 Liberty Street, is a proposed building to 7 World Trade Center is a building in New York City located across from the World Trade Center site in Lower Manhattan. The International Freedom Center ( IFC) was a proposed museum to be located adjacent to the site of Ground Zero at the former Twin The Drawing Center is a SoHo museum and the only nonprofit exhibition space in the U The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey ( PANYNJ) is a bi-state Port district, established in 1921 (as the Port of New York Authority) through [23]

A large transit station was not part of the 2003 Memory Foundations master plan for the site by Daniel Libeskind, which called for a smaller station along the lines of the original subterranean station that existed beneath the World Trade Center. Memory Foundations is the name given by Daniel Libeskind to his site plan for the World Trade Center which was selected by the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation Daniel Libeskind, (born May 12 1946 in Łódź, Poland) is an American Architect, Artist, and Set designer of Libeskind's design called for the space to be left open, forming a "Wedge of Light" so that sun rays around the autumnal equinox would hit the World Trade Center footprints each September. An equinox is the event of the Sun passing over the Earth's equator in its annual cycle

In early 2004, the Port Authority, which owns the land, modified the Libeskind plan to include a world-class transportation station downtown that was intended to rival Penn Station and Grand Central Terminal. Pennsylvania Station (commonly known as “Penn Station”) is the major intercity rail station and a major Commuter rail hub in New York City "Grand Central Station" redirects here For other uses see Grand Central. In a nod to the Liebeskind concept, the station will be at an angle to maximize the effect of the autumnal equinox rays.

Lower Manhattan has never had an ambitious transit or railroad center, as the former complex at the World Trade Center was built beneath the buildings. Lower Manhattan (or downtown Manhattan) is the southernmost part of the island of Manhattan, the main island and center of business and government of the The station is designed to connect the PATH to the New York City Subway system. A proposal for a connection to the Long Island Rail Road via a new tunnel under the East River, the Lower Manhattan-Jamaica/JFK Transportation Project, is currently in the alternatives analysis stage. The East River is a tidal Strait in New York City. It connects Upper New York Bay on its south end to Long Island Sound on its north end The Lower Manhattan-Jamaica/JFK Transportation Project is a proposed public-works project in New York City, New York, that would use the Long Island Rail

Design

Spanish Architect Santiago Calatrava, designer of the station, said it resembles a bird being released from a child's hand. Santiago Calatrava Valls (born July 28, 1951) is an internationally recognized and award-winning Valencian Spanish Architect, The roof will be designed to mechanically open to increase light and ventilation to the enclosed space. Herbert Muschamp, architecture critic of The New York Times, wrote:

Santiago Calatrava's design for the World Trade Center PATH station should satisfy those who believe that buildings planned for ground zero must aspire to a spiritual dimension. Over the years, many people have discerned a metaphysical element in Mr. Calatrava's work. I hope New Yorkers will detect its presence, too. With deep appreciation, I congratulate the Port Authority for commissioning Mr. Calatrava, the great Spanish architect and engineer, to design a building with the power to shape the future of New York. It is a pleasure to report, for once, that public officials are not overstating the case when they describe a design as breathtaking. [24]

Another critic wrote:

The World Trade Center PATH Terminal by Santiago Calatrava, the renowned Spanish architect and engineer, is what we should have at ground zero. Not modified suburban malls with water fountains, but a major cultural contribution to our city. [25]

However, Calatrava's original soaring spike design has been scaled back because of security issues. The Times observed, "In the name of security, Santiago Calatrava's bird has grown a beak. Its ribs have doubled in number and its wings have lost their interstices of glass. . . . [T]he main transit hall, between Church and Greenwich Streets, will almost certainly lose some of its delicate quality, while gaining structural expressiveness. It may now evoke a slender stegosaurus more than it does a bird. Stegosaurus (ˌstɛgəˈsɔrəs is a Genus of stegosaurid armoured Dinosaur from the Late Jurassic period ( "[26]

The station has also stirred problems with developer Larry Silverstein, who owns the lease for the World Trade Center site, since it took away available space for his proposed buildings. Larry A Silverstein (born 1932 is an American billionaire Real estate Investor and operator and the head of Silverstein

Construction of the station calls for relocation of the landmark World Trade Center cross in 2006. The World Trade Center cross, also known as the Ground Zero cross, is a group of Steel beams found amidst the debris of the World Trade Center The permanent station is scheduled to be completed in 2011.

Nearby attractions

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Droege, John Albert (1916). African Burial Ground National Monument at Duane Street and African Burial Ground Way (Elk Street in Lower Manhattan ( New York City) preserves a site containing the The Alexander Hamilton US Custom House (originally US Custom House) is a building in New York City, built 1902 - 1907 by the federal government to house the Battery Park City is a 92 acre (04 km² Planned community at the southwestern tip of Lower Manhattan in New York City, United States. Battery Park is a 25-acre (10 hectare public park located at the Battery the southern tip of the New York City borough of Manhattan, facing Ellis Island, at the mouth of the Hudson River in New York Harbor Liberty Enlightening the World (La liberté éclairant le monde commonly known as the Statue of Liberty (Statue de la Liberté was presented Bowling Green is a small public park in Lower Manhattan at the foot of Broadway next to the site of the original Dutch fort of New Amsterdam. Charging Bull (sometimes called the Wall Street Bull or the Bowling Green Bull) is a 3200&thinsp kg (7000  pound Castle Clinton or Fort Clinton was once a circular sandstone Fort now located in Battery Park at the southern tip of Manhattan, New Federal Hall, located at 26 Wall Street in New York City, was the first capitol of the United States of America and the site of George Washington The Federal Reserve Bank of New York is the most important of the twelve Federal Reserve Banks of the United States. Fraunces Tavern is a restaurant and museum in lower Manhattan, New York City. Irish Hunger Memorial, designed collaboratively by artist Brian Tolle, landscape architect Gail Wittwer-Laird and 1100 Architect is located on a one-half acre site at the corner The Smithsonian’s National Museum of the American Indian is a museum dedicated to the life languages literature history and arts of the native peoples of the Western Hemisphere New York City Hall is located at the center of City Hall Park in the Civic Center section of Lower Manhattan between Broadway, Park Row and The New York Stock Exchange ( NYSE) is a Stock exchange based in New York City. Founded in 1997 the Skyscraper Museum, located in New York City in the United States, is currently the only museum of its kind in the world St Paul's Chapel, at 209 Broadway, is an Episcopal Chapel located on Church Street between Fulton and Vesey Streets opposite the east side of the Trinity Church, at 79 Broadway in New York City, is a historic full service Parish church in the Episcopal Diocese of New York. Wall Street is a street in lower Manhattan, New York City, United States. The Woolworth Building, at 57 stories is one of the oldest—and one of the most famous— Skyscrapers in New York City. The World Financial Center is a complex of buildings across West Street from the World Trade Center site in Lower Manhattan in New York City, The Port Authority Trans-Hudson ( PATH) is a Rapid transit railroad linking Manhattan, New York with New Jersey, and providing service The World Trade Center in New York City, United States (sometimes informally the WTC or Twin Towers) was a complex of seven buildings in Lower Manhattan The World Trade Center site sits on 16 Acres (65000 m² in Lower Manhattan in New York City. The Fulton Street Transit Center is a $12 billion project of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA a public agency of the state of New York. Passenger Terminals and Trains. McGraw-Hill, pp. 157-159.  
  2. ^ Cudahy, Brian J. (2002). Rails Under the Mighty Hudson. Fordham University Press, pp. 59-60.  
  3. ^ "315,724,808 Came or Left City in 1922", The New York Times, April 15, 1923.  
  4. ^ Cudahy, Brian J. (2002). Rails Under the Mighty Hudson. Fordham University Press, p. 56.  
  5. ^ a b Grutzner, Charles. "Port Unit Backs Linking of H&M and Other Lines", The New York Times, December 29, 1961.  
  6. ^ Wright, George Cable. "2 States Agree on Hudson Tubes and Trade Center", The New York Times, January 23, 1962.  
  7. ^ Iglauer, Edith. "The Biggest Foundation", The New Yorker, November 4, 1972.  
  8. ^ a b Carroll, Maurice. "A Section of the Hudson Tubes is Turned into Elevated Tunnel", The New York Times, December 30, 1968.  
  9. ^ a b "Air-Cooled PATH Terminal in World Trade Center Opens Tuesday", The New York Times, July 1, 1971.  
  10. ^ Burks, Edward C. . "New PATH Station Opens Downtown", The New York Times, July 7, 1971.  
  11. ^ McFadden, Robert D. . "Blast Hits Trade Center, Bomb Suspected; 5 Killed, Thousands Flee Smoke In Towers", The New York Times, February 27, 1993.  
  12. ^ Newkirk, Pamela. "Now, the Cleanup, Work begins assessing the damage", Newsday (New York), February 28, 1993.  
  13. ^ Marks, Peter. "PATH and Subway Service Is Being Restored", The New York Times, March 1, 1993.  
  14. ^ Wyckoff, P. L. and Rudy Larini. "Next Stop, Semi-Normalcy", The Star-Ledger (Newark), September 13, 2001.  
  15. ^ Schwaneberg, Robert. "Quick-Acting P. A. Steered 5,000 Commuters to Safety", The Star-Ledger (Newark), September 19, 2001.  
  16. ^ a b PATH Service Restoration. Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Retrieved on 2008-04-22. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1500 - Portuguese Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral becomes the first European to sight Brazil.
  17. ^ Temporary World Trade Center PATH Station. New York Construction. Retrieved on 2008-04-22. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1500 - Portuguese Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral becomes the first European to sight Brazil.
  18. ^ a b Dunlap, David W. . "At Ground Zero, a Conduit of People and Memory", The New York Times, 2003, May 15, p.  B3.  
  19. ^ Dunlap, David W. . "Again, Trains Put the World In Trade Center", The New York Times, 2003, November 24, p.  A1.  
  20. ^ About the World Trade Center. Silverstein Properties. Retrieved on 2008-04-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII.
  21. ^ Dunlap, David W. . "Folding a Large and Symbolic Tent Downtown", The New York Times, April 10, 2008.  
  22. ^ Dunlap, David W. . "A New Twist at the PATH Station", New York Times, New York, New York: The New York Times Company, 1 April 2008. The City of New York New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous The New York Times Company ( is an American media company It is Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common  
  23. ^ Calatrava's WTC Transportation Hub Soars - lowermanhattan. info
  24. ^ Herbert Muschamp, "PATH Station Becomes A Procession of Flight," The New York Times, January 23, 2004
  25. ^ Michael Kimmelman, "Ground Zero Finally Grows Up," The New York Times, February 1, 2004
  26. ^ David W. Events 393 - Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his nine year old son Honorius co-emperor "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Dunlap, "Approval Expected Today For Trade Center Rail Hub," The New York Times, July 28, 2005

External links

Events 1540 - Thomas Cromwell is executed at the order of Henry VIII of England on charges of Treason. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system.
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