The World Policy Council of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity is a nonprofit and nonpartisan think tank established in 1996 at Howard University to expand the fraternity's involvement in politics and social and current policy to encompass important global and world issues. The date of establishment or date of founding of an Institution is the date on which that institution chooses to claim as its starting point Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) A think tank (also called a policy institute) is an organization institute corporation or group that conducts Research and engages in advocacy in areas such Headquarters (HQ denotes the location where most if not all of the important functions of an organization are concentrated Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Howard University is a private, Coeducational Nonsectarian University located in Washington D Horace Greeley Dawson Jr (b January 30, 1926) was an American diplomat Henry Ponder (b 1928 in Wewoka Oklahoma) is a US educator Ponder received his undergraduate masters and doctorate degree from Langston University Edward William Brooke III (born October 26, 1919) is an American Politician and was the first African American to be elected Alpha Phi Alpha ( ΑΦΑ) is the first intercollegiate fraternity established by African Americans Founded on December 4 1906 on the campus of A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages Alpha Phi Alpha ( ΑΦΑ) is the first intercollegiate fraternity established by African Americans Founded on December 4 1906 on the campus of A non-profit organization ( abbreviated "NPO" also "not-for-profit" is a legally constituted Organization whose objective is to support or engage In Political science, nonpartisan denotes an Election, event or organization in which the participants declare or do not formally have a Political party A think tank (also called a policy institute) is an organization institute corporation or group that conducts Research and engages in advocacy in areas such Howard University is a private, Coeducational Nonsectarian University located in Washington D They describe their mission as to “address issues of concern to our brotherhood, our communities, our Nation, and the world. ”

Among the Council’s nine Board of Directors are Senator Edward Brooke, Ambassador Horace Dawson, and Congressmen Charles Rangel and Ron Dellums. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives Edward William Brooke III (born October 26, 1919) is an American Politician and was the first African American to be elected Until the 19th century the area of Southern Africa that is now Botswana was inhabited by the Batswana (or Tswana) people Horace Greeley Dawson Jr (b January 30, 1926) was an American diplomat The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. Charles Bernard "Charlie" Rangel (born June 11, 1930) is an American Politician. Ronald Vernie "Ron" Dellums (born November 24 1935 is the current Mayor of Oakland, California The Council's directors also include other ambassadors, theologians, presidents of colleges and foundations, and journalists. An ambassador is the highest ranking Diplomat who represents their country Theology is the study of a god or the gods from a religious perspective

The Council communicates its position through white papers which are disseminated to policymakers, politicians, scholars, journalist, and fraternity chapters. A white paper is an authoritative report or guide that often addresses problems and how to solve them Since its founding the Council has offered an informed opinion on topics such as the AIDS crisis, global warming, Middle East conflict, Nigerian politics and Martin Luther King, Jr.'s vision of a World House. Global warming is the increase in the average measured temperature of the Politics of Nigeria take place in a framework of a federal presidential representative democratic Republic, whereby the President of Nigeria Martin Luther King Jr ( January 15, 1929 April 4, 1968) was an American clergyman, Activist and prominent leader

Historical context

Main article: Alpha Phi Alpha

Alpha Phi Alpha is an American intercollegiate organization that is the first established by African Americans. Alpha Phi Alpha ( ΑΦΑ) is the first intercollegiate fraternity established by African Americans Founded on December 4 1906 on the campus of The list of Alpha Phi Alpha brothers (commonly referred to as Alphas) includes initiated and honorary members of Alpha Phi Alpha (ΆΦΆ the first inter-collegiate This article is about a planned memorial It likely contains information of a speculative nature and information will likely change as the structure nears completion History The National Pan-Hellenic Council was established in an age when Racial segregation and disenfranchisement plagued African Americans, the rise of each Membership requirements Member The NIC membership requirements are detailed in the By-Laws of the North-American Interfraternity Conference March of Dimes is the name of a United States health charity, whose mission is to improve the health of babies. For the Australian television series see Head Start (TV series Head Start is a program of the United States Department of Health and Human The Boy Scouts of America ( BSA) is the largest youth organization in the United States with over five million Big Brothers Big Sisters of America is a 501(c(3 non-profit organization whose mission is to help children reach their potential through professionally supported one-to-one Jena Six was the name given to a group of six black teenagers charged with the beating of Justin Barker a white student at Jena High School Lera Catharine "Cathy" Cox (born 1958 is a Georgia politician a member of the Democratic Party, the former Secretary of State of Georgia, and Murray v Pearson (aka Murray v Maryland was a Maryland Court of Appeals decision which found "the state has undertaken the function of education in the law but has omitted Missouri ex rel Gaines v Canada, 305 US 337 (1938 was a United States Supreme Court decision holding that states that provide a school to white students Alpha Phi Alpha ( ΑΦΑ) is the first intercollegiate fraternity established by African Americans Founded on December 4 1906 on the campus of Fraternities and sororities (from the Latin words la frater and la soror, meaning "brother" and "sister" respectively are fraternal African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa Founded on December 4, 1906 on the campus of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, the fraternity utilizes motifs and artifacts from Ancient Egypt to represent the organization and preserves its archives at the Moorland-Spingarn Research Center. "December 4th" redirects here For the song by Jay-Z, see December 4th (song. Year 1906 ( MCMVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting The City of Ithaca (named for the Greek island of Ithaca) sits on the southern shore of Cayuga Lake, in Central New York New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Ancient Egypt was an Ancient Civilization in eastern North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now The Moorland-Spingarn Research Center (MSRC is recognized as one of the world's largest and most comprehensive repositories for the documentation of the ^[2][3]

The leadership of Alpha Phi Alpha recognized early on the need to correct the educational, economic, political, and social injustices faced by African-Americans and the world community and began its continuing commitment of providing scholarships for needy students and initiating various other charitable and service projects. ^[4]

Alpha Phi Alpha has provided leadership and service during the Great Depression, World Wars, Civil Rights Movements, and addresses social issues such as apartheid, AIDS, urban housing, and other economic, cultural, and political issues affecting people of color. A world war is a War affecting the majority of the world's most powerful and populous nations See also Protests of 1968 Historically the civil rights movement was a concentrated period of time around the world of approximately twenty years (1960-1980 in The term black people usually refers to a racial group of Humans with dark Skin color, but the term has also been used to categorise a number of diverse The Martin Luther King, Jr. National Memorial is a program of Alpha Phi Alpha and the fraternity jointly leads philanthropic programming initiatives with March of Dimes, Head Start, Boy Scouts of America and Big Brothers Big Sisters of America. This article is about a planned memorial It likely contains information of a speculative nature and information will likely change as the structure nears completion March of Dimes is the name of a United States health charity, whose mission is to improve the health of babies. For the Australian television series see Head Start (TV series Head Start is a program of the United States Department of Health and Human The Boy Scouts of America ( BSA) is the largest youth organization in the United States with over five million Big Brothers Big Sisters of America is a 501(c(3 non-profit organization whose mission is to help children reach their potential through professionally supported one-to-one ^[5]

Alpha men such as W.E.B. Dubois, Jesse Owens, Duke Ellington, Thurgood Marshall, Andrew Young, and Martin Luther King, Jr. are among the litany of fraternity members who have dedicated their lives to the fraternity's principles of "scholarship, manly deeds, and love for all mankind. William Edward Burghardt Du Bois (duːˈbɔɪz ( February 23, 1868 August 27, 1963) was an American Civil rights activist James Cleveland "Jesse" Owens ( September 12, 1913 – March 31, 1980) was an American track and field athlete Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington (April 29 1899 &ndash May 24 1974 was an American Composer, Pianist, and Bandleader. Thurgood Marshall ( July 2, 1908 – January 24, 1993) was an American Jurist and the first African American This page is about Congressman and Ambassador Andrew Young For other men with the same name see Andrew Young (disambiguation. Martin Luther King Jr ( January 15, 1929 April 4, 1968) was an American clergyman, Activist and prominent leader "^[6]

Leadership expansion

The leadership by the fraternity was about to expand when at its 1995 General Convention, Senator Edward Brooke spoke on the need for Alpha Phi Alpha to broaden its view to encompass international concerns. Brooke said “our intellectual power is so great that it ought to be shared… that we should be giving our thoughts and our opinions on domestic and international issues. General President Milton C. Davis established the World Policy Council (WPC) in 1996 as the analytical body of the fraternity to reflect, engage in dialogue and project what ought to happen in actions that are in-line with the values of Alpha Phi Alpha. Milton Carver Davis is an African American lawyer who researched and advocated for the pardon of Clarence Norris the last surviving Scottsboro Boy. ^[7] The mission of The Alpha Phi Alpha World Policy Council as stated on the fraternity's website

is to address issues of concern to our brotherhood, our communities, our nation, and the world. The Council has been charged with applying sustained and profound intellectual energy to understanding and alternative means of bringing about the resolution of problems at the community, national and international levels; expanding fraternal and public knowledge of such problems; and engaging public discussion about them. The Council, in fulfilling its mission, is non-partisan, gives consideration to domestic and international issues, seeks the counsel of experts in relevant fields, provides perspectives on specific problems and, where practicable, recommends possible solutions which may impact favorably African Americans, the community, the nation, and the world. ^[1]

The Council was created with seven board members to research and outline the fraternity’s position on issues and policies deemed to be of national or international import. Milton appointed Brooke as the Council's first Chairman and he currently serves as Chairman Emeritus. ^[8] The Council's membership increased to nine when General President Harry E. Johnson's appointed Congressman Ron Dellums and Cornel West. This article is about an attorney for other names see Harry Johnson (disambiguation Harry E A Member of Congress is a Politician who is a member of a Congress. Ronald Vernie "Ron" Dellums (born November 24 1935 is the current Mayor of Oakland, California Cornel Ronald West (born June 2, 1953) is a Scholar, Public intellectual, Philosopher, Critic, Pastor, Johnson also extended the World Policy Council’s role to include a lecture series on tolerance and a focus on the issue of the HIV infections and AIDS. Human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV) is a Lentivirus (a member of the Retrovirus family that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ^[9]

The World Policy Council has studied and issued white papers on the Politics of Nigeria, War on Terrorism, and global warming. Politics of Nigeria take place in a framework of a federal presidential representative democratic Republic, whereby the President of Nigeria The War on Terrorism (also known as the War on Terror) is the common term for the military political and legal, and ideological conflict and specifically for U Global warming is the increase in the average measured temperature of the ^[7][11] The Council garnered international attention in 1999 when it issued a clarion call to Nigeria to release political prisoners and become a force for good on the African continent. The Fourth Republic is the current republican government of Nigeria. ^[10] The fifth paper was published in 2006 to coincide with the Centenary of Alpha Phi Alpha and among its five topics examined the impact of Black Greek letter organizations in American culture and Hurricane Katrina, the costliest and one of the five deadliest hurricanes in the history of the United States. History The National Pan-Hellenic Council was established in an age when Racial segregation and disenfranchisement plagued African Americans, the rise of each Hurricane Katrina of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season was the costliest hurricane, as well as one of the five deadliest in the history of the United States A tropical cyclone is a storm system characterized by a low pressure center and numerous Thunderstorms that produce strong winds and Flooding The United States of America —commonly referred to as the ^[12][13]

The Council distributes the white papers to the White House, Congresses, key national leaders, fraternity chapters, and those whose decisions shape the future. See also Executive Office of the President of the United States The White House, formerly known as the Executive Mansion, is the Official residence A letter is sent to the office of the President of the United States providing an informed opinion of individuals and constituents on how the President should act to resolve an issue or policy. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by ^[7]

Position papers

The WPC presented its first position paper to the fraternity’s general membership at the 1996 Alpha Scholarship Forum in New Orleans, Louisiana as part of its inaugural Charles H. Wesley Memorial Scholarship Lecture. New Orleans (nʲuːˈɔrliənz nʲuːˈɔrlənz French: La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana Charles Harris Wesley ( December 2, 1891 - August 16, 1987) was a noted African American historian ^[8] The fourth and fifth report were issued in 2002 and 2006 respectively. ^[14]

Middle East Crisis

Main article: Israeli-Palestinian conflict

A peace movement poster: Israeli and Palestinian flags and the words peace in Arabic and Hebrew. A peace movement is a Social movement that seeks to achieve ideals such as the ending of a particular war (or all wars minimize inter-human violence in a particular place or Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Similar images have been used by several groups proposing a two-state solution to the conflict.

The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is an ongoing dispute between the State of Israel and the Palestinian people. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Palestinian people or Palestinians ( الشعب الفلسطيني, ash-sha`b al-filasTīni; الفلسطينيون, al-filasTīnīyyūn The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is part of the wider Arab-Israeli conflict, which is essentially a dispute between two national identities with claims over the same area of land. ^[15]

The roots of the conflict can be traced to the late 19th century, when Zionist Jews expressed their desire to create a modern state in the ancient land of the Israelites, which they considered to be their rightful homeland. History of Zionism|Timeline of Zionism|World Zionist Organization|Zionist political violence Zionism is an international political movement that originally supported the For other uses see Israel (disambiguation The Land of Israel ( Hebrew: אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל Eretz Yisrael) is To further that objective, the World Zionist Organization encouraged immigration and purchase of land, which was then part of the Ottoman Empire. The World Zionist Organization ( Hebrew: ההסתדרות הציונית העולמית or WZO, was founded as the Zionist Organization ( Hebrew The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish ^[16]

According to a 2007 poll of adults in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank by the Jerusalem Media & Communication Center, "46. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Gaza Strip (قطاع غزة, רצועת עזה Retzu'at 'Azza) is a coastal strip of land along the Mediterranean Sea, bordering Egypt on the south-west The West Bank (الضفة الغربية, הגדה המערבית Hagadah Hamaaravit) also referred to in Israel as " Judea and Samaria 7 per cent of respondents favour a two-state solution for the Arab-Israeli conflict. The "two-state solution" to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, is the consensus solution that is currently under discussion by the key parties to the conflict " In second place came support of a binational state with 26. The one-state solution, also known as the binational solution, is a proposed resolution of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. 5%. ^[17]

The Council's position is,

The Centenary Report

The fifth report by the Council addresses five issues such as the Millennium Challenge Account, Extraordinary rendition, and The World House as envisioned by Martin Luther King, Jr. The Millennium Challenge Account (MCA run by the Millennium Challenge Corporation, is a bilateral development fund announced by the Bush administration ^[13]

Millennium Challenge

Main article: Millennium Challenge Account

Participants in the Program; United States as donor is in green, red countries have active compacts, blue countries have active threshold compacts, purple countries are in negotiations for either, and pink countries have negotiated threshold agreements and are negotiating for full compacts

The Millennium Challenge Account (MCA) is a bilateral development fund created by the Bush administration whose mission is "to reduce global poverty through the promotion of sustainable economic growth" to some of the poorest countries in the world. The Millennium Challenge Account (MCA run by the Millennium Challenge Corporation, is a bilateral development fund announced by the Bush administration This article is about international development See the closely related concept of development cooperation. The Presidency of George W Bush began on his inauguration on January 20, 2001 as the 43rd and current President of the United States of America ^[19] The MCA is available to fund specific programs targeted at reducing poverty and stimulating economic growth for eligible countries that meet independent and transparent policy indicators. ^[20][21]

The Congress of the United States has consistently provided less funding than the president has requested for this new compact for development with accountability for both rich and poor countries. The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses For Fiscal Year 2008, less funding will be provided than was hoped for, and only 1. 2 billion is currently budgeted, and the MCA CEO commented that it would undercut the programs efforts. ^[22][23][24]

The Council's position is,

Extraordinary rendition

Main article: Extraordinary rendition by the United States

     Extraordinary Renditions allegedly have been carried out from these countries      Detainees have allegedly been transported through these countries      Detainees have allegedly arrived in these countries      The suspected "black sites" Sources: Amnesty International^[25], Human Rights Watch

Extraordinary rendition and irregular rendition are terms used to describe the kidnapping and extrajudicial transfer of a person from one state to another,^[26] and the term torture by proxy is used by some critics to describe situations in which the U. Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is a Western based international Non-governmental organization which defines its mission as "to Human Rights Watch is a United States -based international Non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on Human rights. In Criminal law, kidnapping is the taking away or Asportation of a person against the person's will usually to hold the person in False imprisonment Extrajudicial punishment is Punishment by the state or some other official authority without the permission of a Court or legal authority S. has purportedly transferred suspected terrorists to countries known to employ harsh interrogation techniques that may rise to the level of torture. It has been alleged that torture has been employed with the knowledge or acquiescence of the United States, although United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice stated in an April 2006 radio interview that the United States does not transfer people to places where it is known they will be tortured. The United States Secretary of State (commonly abbreviated as SecState) is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with Foreign affairs Condoleezza Rice (born November 14 1954 is the 66th United States ^[26][27][28]

The Council's position is,

The World House

The World House is the vision of Martin Luther King, Jr. in which "a family of different races, religions, ideas, cultures and interests must learn to live together as brothers and sisters or perish together as fools. " King first articulated his vision of a World House in his Nobel Peace Prize lecture in 1964 “The World House,” in which he identified three major threats to human survival–racism, poverty/materialism, and war. The Nobel Peace Prize ( Swedish, Danish and Nobels fredspris is one of five Nobel Prizes Bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. He stressed the urgency of addressing these problems, warning that it might be humanity's last chance to choose between chaos and community. The World House Project has said "The September 11, 2001 attacks by terrorist made Dr. King's predictions seem eerily prescient. His vision and agenda may be the key to our survival during the 21st century. "^[29]

King's vision of a World House calls upon humanity to:

1) transcend tribe, race, class, nation, and religion to embrace the vision of a World House;
2) eradicate at home and globally the Triple Evils of racism, poverty, and militarism;
3) curb excessive materialism and shift from a “thing”-oriented society to a “people”-oriented society; and
4) resist social injustice and resolve conflicts in the spirit of love embodied in the philosophy and methods of nonviolence. ^[29]

The Council recommends that Alpha Phi Alpha join crusades in this Centenary that are pursuing King's vision and that,

Members

Main article: List of Alpha Phi Alpha brothers

Edward Brooke, Chairman emeritus of the World Policy Council, is congratulated by President George W. Bush at the Ceremony for the 2004 Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, The East Room of the White House. The list of Alpha Phi Alpha brothers (commonly referred to as Alphas) includes initiated and honorary members of Alpha Phi Alpha (ΆΦΆ the first inter-collegiate George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. The Presidential Medal of Freedom is a decoration bestowed by the President of the United States and is along with the equivalent Congressional Gold Medal bestowed

The membership of Alpha Phi Alpha represents the full diversity of policymakers, activists, college presidents, lawyers, businessmen, theologians and other professions among its members. The general president of Alpha Phi Alpha appoints a nonpartisan Board of Directors from this passel of Alpha men to govern the Council. The composition of the Board represents a range of disciplines and approaches to the issues and schema of economic, cultural, political, and policy conditions as they pertain to the social psychology of Black Americans and Africans.

Edward Brooke, a former Senator and Attorney General of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts served and the first chairman and currently chairman emeritus. Edward William Brooke III (born October 26, 1919) is an American Politician and was the first African American to be elected Former Ambassador Horace Dawson is the current Chairman. An ambassador is the highest ranking Diplomat who represents their country Horace Greeley Dawson Jr (b January 30, 1926) was an American diplomat ^[1] Congressman Charles B. Rangel, Dean, New York State Congressional Delegation and founding member of the Congressional Black Caucus, and former Congressman Ron Dellums, president and CEO of HealthCare International. The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. Charles Bernard "Charlie" Rangel (born June 11, 1930) is an American Politician. The Congressional Black Caucus is an organization representing the African American members of the Congress of the United States. Ronald Vernie "Ron" Dellums (born November 24 1935 is the current Mayor of Oakland, California Kenton Keith is a Senior Vice President of Meridian International Center and a former U. S. Ambassador to the State of Qatar. Clathan M. Ross is a Rapporteur and a retired U. Rapporteur (derived from French is used in international and European legal and political contexts to refer to a person appointed by a deliberative body to investigate an issue or a situation S. Foreign Service Information Officer. The United States Foreign Service is the diplomatic service of the United States government under the aegis of the Department of State. ^[13]

Henry Ponder is former President and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the National Association for Equal Opportunity in Higher Education and has served as president of Fisk University, Benedict College, and Talladega College, and General President of Alpha Phi Alpha. Henry Ponder (b 1928 in Wewoka Oklahoma) is a US educator Ponder received his undergraduate masters and doctorate degree from Langston University Fisk University is a historically-black university in Nashville, Tennessee, U Benedict College is an Talladega College, located in Talladega County Alabama, is a private, Liberal arts college Bobby Austin is Vice President for University Relations and Communications at the University of the District of Columbia, President of Austin Institute, former President and CEO of Village Foundation, and former Program Director for the Kellogg National Fellowship Program at W. The University of the District of Columbia (UDC is a Public university located in Washington D K. Kellogg Foundation. Cornel West is a current and former professor of religion at Princeton University and Harvard University respectively. Cornel Ronald West (born June 2, 1953) is a Scholar, Public intellectual, Philosopher, Critic, Pastor, Princeton University is a private Coeducational research university located in Princeton, New Jersey. Vinton Anderson, the 92nd Bishop of African Methodist Episcopal Church and former president of World Council of Churches. The African Methodist Episcopal Church, usually called the " AME Church " is a Christian denomination founded by Bishop Richard Allen in Philadelphia ^[13]

Former members of the Council include Cornelius Henderson, a United Methodist pastor and bishop, and former president of Gammon Theological Seminary. The United Methodist Church is the largest Methodist denomination and the second largest Protestant denomination in the United States. The Interdenominational Theological Center (ITC is a consortium of Denominational Seminaries located in Atlanta Georgia. ^[30] Clinton Columbus Jones, III served as counsel to the United States House of Representatives Committee on Banking and Financial Services, and Chuck Stone is the Walter Spearman Professor of Journalism at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and a former White House Correspondent. The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. Charles Sumner "Chuck" Stone Jr (born July 21, 1924) is a former Tuskegee Airman, an American newspaper editor columnist and professor The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill ( UNC, North Carolina, or simply Carolina) is a public, Coeducational Research The White House press corps (or the White House press pool) is the group of Journalists or Correspondents usually stationed at the White House ^[8]

Citations

Further reading and external links

Further reading

• Mason, Herman "Skip" [1997] (1999). The Talented Tenth: The Founders and Presidents of Alpha, 2nd edition, Four-G. ISBN 1-885066-63-5.  
• Wesley, Charles H. [1929] (1981). Charles Harris Wesley ( December 2, 1891 - August 16, 1987) was a noted African American historian The History of Alpha Phi Alpha, A Development in College Life, 14th edition, Foundation. ASIN: B000ESQ14W.  
• Gourdine, Darrius Jerome (July 2006). Jewels: The Story of the Founding of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, 1st edition, Artisan House. ISBN 0975566008.  
• Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. (1964). Martin Luther King Jr ( January 15, 1929 April 4, 1968) was an American clergyman, Activist and prominent leader "The World House" (PDF). Retrieved on 2007-12-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 546 - Gothic War (535–554: The Ostrogoths of King Totila

External links

• Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity website
• The Centenary Report of the World Policy CouncilPDF (806 KiB)