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For the Pentecostal usage of this term, see Word of wisdom. Word of wisdom is regarded among Charismatics and Pentecostals to be the Supernatural revelation of wisdom through the power of the Holy Spirit

The "Word of Wisdom" is the common name of a section of the Doctrine and Covenants,[1] a book that consists of what many churches within the Latter Day Saint movement consider to be revelations from God. The Doctrine and Covenants (sometimes abbreviated and cited as D&C) is a part of the open scriptural canon of several denominations of the Please see the talk page for this article and the "See also" list before adding content or adding a hyphen to Latter Day Saint Latter Day Saints teach that the Latter Day Saint movement began with a Revelation from God (see History of the Latter Day Saint movement) God is the principal or sole Deity in Religions and other belief systems that worship one deity. It is also the nickname of the code of health based on this scripture. Health is a state of complete physical mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity The health code is practiced by members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), where compliance to its prohibitions is a prerequisite for baptism or entry into the church's temples. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is the fourth largest Christian denomination in the United States and the largest and most well-known In Christianity, baptism ( Greek, "immersing" "performing Ablutions " is the ritual act with the use of water by which one is admitted In the Other factions within the Latter Day Saint movement may interpret the health code differently.

Contents

Origin

According to Joseph Smith, Jr., the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, the Word of Wisdom was received in 1833 as a revelation from God. After Smith's death, Brigham Young stated that the revelation was given in response to problems encountered while conducting meetings in the Smith family home:

"When they assembled together in this room after breakfast, the first they did was to light their pipes, and, while smoking, talk about the great things of the kingdom, and spit all over the room, and as soon as the pipe was out of their mouths a large chew of tobacco would then be taken. Brigham Young (June 1 1801 &ndash August 29 1877 was an American leader in the Latter Day Saint movement. Often when the Prophet [Joseph Smith] entered the room to give the school instructions he would find himself in a cloud of tobacco smoke. This, and the complaints of his wife at having to clean so filthy a floor, made the Prophet think upon the matter, and he inquired of the Lord relating to the conduct of the Elders in using tobacco, and the revelation known as the Word of Wisdom was the result of his inquiry. "[2]

Word of Wisdom revelation

The revelation contains four parts:

  1. an introduction;[3]
  2. a list of substances that should not be ingested, including wine, strong drink, tobacco and "hot drinks";[4]
  3. a list of foods that should be used, some with certain limitations;[5] and
  4. a divine promise to those who follow the guidelines. Wine is an Alcoholic beverage made from the fermentation of Grape juice Tobacco is an Agricultural product recognized as an addictive drug processed from the fresh Leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. [6]

Introduction

The introduction and explanation as presented by Smith is:

A Word of Wisdom, for the benefit of the council of high priests, assembled in Kirtland, and the church, and also the saints in Zion— To be sent greeting; not by commandment or constraint, but by revelation and the word of wisdom, showing forth the order and will of God in the temporal salvation of all saints in the last days— Given for a principle with a promise, adapted to the capacity of the weak and the weakest of all saints, who are or can be called saints. Behold, verily, thus saith the Lord unto you: In consequence of evils and designs which do and will exist in the hearts of conspiring men in the last days, I have warned you, and forewarn you, by giving unto you this word of wisdom by revelation—[3]

Prohibitions

Among the substances which the revelation indicates should not be ingested, the first is "wine or strong drink", which the revelation says should not be drunk. [7] (An exception is allowed for the use of "pure wine" as part of the sacrament ordinance,[8] though the LDS Church today uses water in place of wine. In Mormonism, the Holy Sacrament of the Lord's Supper most often simply referred to as the Sacrament is the Sacrament in which participants partake of In Mormonism, an ordinance is a religious Ritual of special significance often involving the formation of a covenant with God ) The revelation also advises against the consumption of tobacco[9] and "hot drinks". [10]

Prescriptions

The Word of Wisdom revelation also suggests proper uses for certain substances. While "strong drinks" are not to be ingested, they are appropriate when used "for the washing of your bodies";[11] likewise, while human ingestion of tobacco is forbidden, tobacco is said to be "an herb for bruises and all sick cattle, to be used with judgement and skill. "[9]

The list of foods and substances which the revelation encourages the use of includes "wholesome herbs [and] every fruit in the season thereof"[12] and "that which yieldeth fruit, whether in the ground or above the ground". [13] It also prescribes the use of "all grain", which is described as "the staff of life, not only for man but for the beasts of the field". [14] Barley and other grains are recommended for use in making "mild drinks". Barley ( Hordeum vulgare) is an annual Cereal Grain, which serves as a major animal Feed crop, with smaller amounts used for [15] The flesh of "beasts and of the fowls of the air" may be used "sparingly" and "with thanksgiving",[16] and ideally only in winter, cold weather, or during famine. Winter is one of the four Seasons of Temperate zones Calculated astronomically, it begins on the Solstice and ends on the Equinox A famine is a widespread shortage of food that may apply to any Faunal species which phenomenon is usually accompanied by regional Malnutrition, Starvation [17] Flesh of wild animals is to be eaten only in times of famine or "excess of hunger". [18]

Divine promise

The Word of Wisdom states that it comprises a "principle with promise". [19] The promise given to those who followed the advice of the word of wisdom is as follows:

And all saints who remember to keep and do these sayings, walking in obedience to the commandments, shall receive health in their navel and marrow to their bones; and shall find wisdom and great treasures of knowledge, even hidden treasures; and shall run and not be weary, and shall walk and not faint. And I, the Lord, give unto them a promise, that the destroying angel shall pass by them, as the children of Israel, and not slay them. [6]

Application by Joseph Smith, Jr.

Originally, abiding by the recommendations and prohibitions of the Word of Wisdom was not considered mandatory: it explicitly declares itself to be "not by commandment or constraint". [19] In February 1834, however, Joseph Smith, Jr. Year 1834 ( MDCCCXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common proposed a resolution before the high council of the church that stated, "No official member in this Church is worthy to hold an office after having the word of wisdom properly taught him; and he, the official member, neglecting to comply with and obey it. In Mormonism, a high council is one of several different governing bodies that have existed in the church hierarchy on many Latter Day Saint denominations "[20] This resolution was accepted unanimously by the council. [20]

In 1842, Smith's brother Hyrum, who was the Assistant President of the Church and its presiding patriarch, provided an interpretation of the Word of Wisdom's proscription of "hot drinks":

And again "hot drinks are not for the body, or belly;" there are many who wonder what this can mean; whether it refers to tea, or coffee, or not. Year 1842 ( MDCCCXLII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common For others named Hyrum Smith see Hyrum Smith (disambiguation Hyrum Smith ( February 9, 1800 – June 27, 1844 Assistant President of the Church (also referred to as Associate President of the Church) was a position in the leadership hierarchy in the early days of the Latter Day In the Latter Day Saint movement, the Presiding Patriarch (also called Presiding Evangelist, Patriarch over the Church, Patriarch of the Church I say it does refer to tea, and coffee. [21]

Joseph Smith later confirmed Hyrum's interpretation:

I understand that some of the people are excusing themselves in using tea and coffee, because the Lord only said "hot drinks" in the revelation of the Word of Wisdom . . . . Tea and coffee . . . are what the Lord meant when He said "hot drinks. "[22]

"[N]ot observing the Word of Wisdom" was one of five charges leveled against David Whitmer on April 13, 1838, which led to his excommunication. David Whitmer ( January 7, 1805 &ndash January 25, 1888) was an early adherent of the Latter Day Saint movement who eventually became Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople Year 1838 ( MDCCCXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Excommunication is a religious Censure used to deprive or suspend membership in a religious community [23] Nevertheless, contemporary records indicate that Joseph Smith, Jr. was not, himself, a strict observer. Smith is recorded at various times as drinking tea,[24] beer,[25], wine,[26] and smoking tobacco. [27]

Interpretation by leaders of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

Adoption as binding

After Smith's death, several factions emerged from the Latter Day Saint movement. The largest of these groups, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), was led by Brigham Young. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is the fourth largest Christian denomination in the United States and the largest and most well-known Brigham Young (June 1 1801 &ndash August 29 1877 was an American leader in the Latter Day Saint movement. At a general conference of the church held on September 9, 1851, Young declared that the proscriptions of the Word of Wisdom revelation were a binding commandment for all Latter-day Saints. In the Latter Day Saint movement, a general conference is a meeting for all members of the church for conducting general church business and instruction Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian 1851 ( MDCCCLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year A Latter [28]

Adherence to the proscriptions of the Word of Wisdom was not made a requirement for entry into LDS Church temples until 1902. In the Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting However, even then, church president Joseph F. Smith encouraged stake presidents to be liberal with old men who used tobacco and old ladies who drank tea. In the Latter Day Saint movement, the President of the Church is generally considered to be the highest office of the church Joseph Fielding Smith Sr ( November 13, 1838 &ndash November 19, 1918) was the sixth president of The Church of Jesus Christ A stake is an administrative unit composed of multiple congregations in denominations of the Latter Day Saint movement. [29] Of those who violated the revelation, it was mainly habitual drunkards that were excluded from the temple. [29] Around the turn of the century, the proscriptions of the Word of Wisdom were not strictly adhered to by such notable church leaders as Anthon H. Lund, Matthias F. Cowley, Charles W. Penrose, Emmeline B. Wells, and George Albert Smith. Anthon Henrik Lund ( 15 May 1844 – 2 March 1921) was a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles and the First Presidency Matthias Foss Cowley ( 1858-08-25 &ndash 1940-06-16) born in Salt Lake City, Utah Territory, was a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles Charles William Penrose ( 4 February 1832 – 16 May 1925) was a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Emmeline Blanche Woodward Harris Whitney Wells ( February 29, 1828 &ndash April 25, 1921) was an American Journalist, editor George Albert Smith ( April 4, 1870 &ndash April 4, 1951) was the eighth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day [29] In 1921, church president Heber J. Grant made adherence to the proscriptions of the Word of Wisdom an absolute requirement for entering the temple. Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar In the Latter Day Saint movement, the President of the Church is generally considered to be the highest office of the church Heber Jeddy Grant ( November 22, 1856 &ndash May 14, 1945) was the seventh president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day [29]

Today, adherence to the proscriptions of the Word of Wisdom is required for baptism[30] and for entry into temples of the LDS Church. In Christianity, baptism ( Greek, "immersing" "performing Ablutions " is the ritual act with the use of water by which one is admitted In the [31] Adherence to the prescriptions of the Word of Wisdom and the revelation's counsel on the use of meat have never been made obligatory.

Official modern interpretation

The church's official statement on the interpretation of the Word of Wisdom is short: it reaffirms the long-standing meaning of "hot drinks" and extends the substances covered by prohibition:

The only official interpretation of "hot drinks" (D&C 89:9) in the Word of Wisdom is the statement made by early Church leaders that the term "hot drinks" means tea and coffee. Members should not use any substance that contains illegal drugs. Nor should members use harmful or habit-forming substances except under the care of a competent physician. [32]

Although avoiding the prohibitions of the Word of Wisdom is a requirement for admission to LDS temples,[31] violation of the Word of Wisdom no longer results in church discipline, as it once did;[29] the church instructs its leaders that church discipline "should not be [used] to discipline or threaten members who do not comply with the Word of Wisdom". In The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church a disciplinary council is an ecclesiastical trial during which a member of the church is tried for alleged violations [33]

Popular application

Alcohol

The prohibition of "wine or strong drink" is widely interpreted as a blanket prohibition of all alcoholic beverages, regardless of the level of alcoholic content of the drink. The revelation suggests that making barley-based mildly alcoholic beverages (such as beer) may be permissible,[15] and as recently as 1901, Apostles Brigham Young, Jr. and John Henry Smith argued that the revelation did not prohibit beer. Beer is the world's oldest and most widely consumed Alcoholic beverage and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea Year 1901 ( MCMI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Brigham Young Jr ( December 18, 1836 &ndash April 11, 1903) served as president of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of John Henry Smith ( September 18, 1848 &ndash October 13, 1911) was a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles and the First [29] Today, however, there are few Latter-day Saints who view the consumption of such drinks as permitted by the Word of Wisdom.

Hot drinks

Generally, members of the church view the prohibition on "hot drinks" as covering coffee and tea, whether or not the drinks are hot. CoFFEE is an Open source Software for computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL in a digital classroom Camellia sinensis is the tea plant, the Plant Species whose leaves and leaf buds are used to produce Tea. There is generally thought to be no prohibition against herbal tea, hot chocolate, or malt drinks such as Ovaltine or Milo. An herbal tea, tisane, or ptisan is an Herbal Infusion made from anything other than the leaves of the Tea bush ( Camellia Hot chocolate (also known as hot cocoa, drinking chocolate or just cocoa) is a heated Beverage that typically consists of Malting is a process applied to Cereal grains in which the grains are made to Germinate by soaking in water and are then quickly halted from germinating further Ovaltine is a brand of Milk flavoring product made with Sugar (except in Switzerland Malt extract Cocoa, and Whey. Milo ( /maɪləʊ/ is a Milk beverage with Chocolate and Malt, produced by Nestlé and originating from Australia.

Meat

The Word of Wisdom states that meat should not be eaten, except "in times of winter, or of cold, or famine". [17] Although from 1898 to 1901, church president Lorenzo Snow repeatedly emphasized the importance of eating meat sparingly,[29] compliance with this injunction has never been made mandatory. Year 1898 ( MDCCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1901 ( MCMI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting In the Latter Day Saint movement, the President of the Church is generally considered to be the highest office of the church Lorenzo Snow ( April 3, 1814 – October 10, 1901) was the fifth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints An official church publication suggests that because "[m]odern methods of refrigeration now make it possible to preserve meat in any season", the Word of Wisdom's limitations on the time of eating meat is not as important as observing the counsel to use it "sparingly". [34]

Ambiguities and areas of debate

Cola and other caffeinated beverages

A longstanding issue among members of the church is whether it is permissible to ingest drinks containing caffeine that are not coffee or tea. Caffeine is a bitter white crystalline Xanthine Alkaloid that acts as a Psychoactive Stimulant Drug and a mild Diuretic In 1918, Frederick J. Pack, a Latter-day Saint professor at the University of Utah, published an article in an official church magazine in which he reasoned that because Coca-Cola contained caffeine, which is also present in tea and coffee, Latter-day Saints should abstain from Coca-Cola in the same way that they abstain from the Word of Wisdom "hot drinks". Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Frederick James Pack ( February 2, 1875 – December 2, 1938) was a professor of Geology at the University of Utah and The University of Utah (referred to locally as ' The U' or ' the U of U') is a publicly funded Research university in Salt Lake Coca-Cola is a carbonated Soft drink sold in stores restaurants and Vending machines in more than 200 countries Caffeine is a bitter white crystalline Xanthine Alkaloid that acts as a Psychoactive Stimulant Drug and a mild Diuretic [35] Since Pack's article, many Latter-day Saints have come to believe that the reason tea and coffee are proscribed is the presence of caffeine in the drinks. However, the church has never stated that this is the reason for the prohibition.

The church has no official stance on the consumption of caffeinated beverages and the consumption of such does not constitute a violation of the Word of Wisdom. However, a number of church leaders have discouraged the use of such products. For example, in 1922, Church President Heber J. Grant counseled the Latter-day Saints:

I am not going to give any command, but I will ask it as a personal, individual favor to me, to let coca-cola [sic] alone. Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. In the Latter Day Saint movement, the President of the Church is generally considered to be the highest office of the church Heber Jeddy Grant ( November 22, 1856 &ndash May 14, 1945) was the seventh president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day There are plenty of other things you can get at the soda fountains without drinking that which is injurious. The Lord does not want you to use any drug that creates an appetite for itself. [36]

Two years after making this statement, Grant met with a representative of the Coca-Cola Company to discuss the church's position on Coca-Cola; at the conclusion of their second meeting, Grant stated that he was "sure I have not the slightest desire to recommend that the people leave Coca-Cola alone if th[e] amount [of caffeine in Coca-Cola] is absolutely harmless, which they claim it is". The Coca-Cola Company ( is the world's largest beverage company largest manufacturer distributor and marketer of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and Syrups in the world [29] Grant never again spoke out against the use of cola drinks.

Approximately fifty years later, the church issued an official statement which stated:

With reference to cola drinks, the Church has never officially taken a position on this matter, but the leaders of the Church have advised, and we do now specifically advise, against the use of any drink containing harmful habit-forming drugs under circumstances that would result in acquiring the habit. Any beverage that contains ingredients harmful to the body should be avoided. [37]

Because of such statements, some adherents believe that caffeine is officially prohibited under the Word of Wisdom. Some members who hold that caffeinated soft drinks are prohibited distinguish between foods with naturally occurring caffeine and those in which caffeine is an additive.

Other areas

Speculation also exists concerning the use of alcohol as a cooking ingredient or the use of decaffeinated coffee or tea. Decaffeination is the act of removing Caffeine from coffee beans, mate, Cocoa, Tea leaves and other caffeine-containing materials The church has taken no official stance on either.

Health studies regarding Latter-day Saints

A 14-year selective study conducted by UCLA epidemiologist James E. The University of California Los Angeles (generally known as UCLA) is a public research university located in Westwood Los Angeles, California, United Epidemiology is the study of factors affecting the Health and Illness of populations and serves as the foundation and Logic of interventions made in the Enstrom tracked the health of 10,000 moderately active LDS people in California and ended in 1987. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Of these non-smoking, monogamous non-drinkers, Enstrom concluded from the study "that LDS Church members who follow religious mandates barring smoking and drinking have one of the lowest death rates from cancer and cardiovascular diseases—about half that of the general population. Tobacco Smoking is the inhalation of smoke from burned dried or cured leaves of the Tobacco plant most often in the form of a Cigarette. Monogamy is the custom or condition of having only one mate in a Relationship, thus forming a Couple. . . . Moreover, the healthiest LDS Church members enjoy a life expectancy eight to eleven years longer than that of the general white population in the United States. " The standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for whites in the general population is defined as 100. For males in the study, the SMRs "are 47 for all cancers, 52 for cardiovascular diseases, and 47 for all causes; the SMRs for females are 72 for all cancers, 64 for cardiovascular diseases, and 66 for all causes. " For LDS high priests who never smoked cigarettes, exercised, and had proper sleep, the mortality rate was less. High priest is a priesthood office in the Melchizedek priesthood of denominations within the Latter Day Saint movement, including The Church of The results were largely duplicated in a separate study of an LDS-like subgroup of white non-smoking churchgoers in Alameda, California. Alameda is a city in Alameda County, California, United States. [38]

Notes

  1. ^ In the edition published by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, it is Section 89. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is the fourth largest Christian denomination in the United States and the largest and most well-known In the edition published by the Community of Christ, it is section 86. In older editions which are used by some other Latter Day Saint denominations, it is section 81.
  2. ^ Brigham Young, Journal of Discourses, vol. 12, p. 158. The Journal of Discourses (often abbreviated JD) is a 26-volume collection of public sermons by early leaders of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day
  3. ^ a b D&C 89:1-4.
  4. ^ D&C 89:5-9.
  5. ^ D&C 89:10-17.
  6. ^ a b D&C 89:18-21
  7. ^ D&C 89:5
  8. ^ D&C 89:5-6
  9. ^ a b D&C 89:8
  10. ^ D&C 89:9
  11. ^ D&C 89:7
  12. ^ D&C 89:10-11
  13. ^ D&C 89:16
  14. ^ D&C 89:14
  15. ^ a b D&C 89:17
  16. ^ D&C 89:12
  17. ^ a b D&C 89:13
  18. ^ D&C 89:14-15
  19. ^ a b D&C 89:3
  20. ^ a b Joseph Fielding Smith (ed. ) (1938). Teachings of the Prophet Joseph Smith (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book) p. This article is about a 1938 book For the article on the doctrinal teachings of Joseph Smith see Teachings of Joseph Smith Jr 117, n. 9.
  21. ^ Hyrum Smith, "The Word of Wisdom", Times and Seasons, 1842-06-01, vol. Times and Seasons was a Nineteenth-century Latter Day Saint periodical published monthly or twice-monthly at Nauvoo, Illinois, from Year 1842 ( MDCCCXLII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected 3, p. 800.
  22. ^ In Joel H. Johnson (1881). Voice from the Moutains (Salt Lake City: Juvenile Instructor Office) p. 12; cited in Church Educational System (2001). The Church Educational System (CES of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church consists of several institutions that provide religious and secular education Doctrine and Covenants Student Manual: Religion 324 and 325 (Salt Lake City: LDS Church) p. 209.
  23. ^ History of the Church, vol. This article is about a book that chronicles the early history of the LDS Church 3, p. 18.
  24. ^ Diary of Joseph Smith, March 11, 1843entry
  25. ^ Millennial Star, vol. Events 1425 BC - Thutmose III, Pharaoh of Egypt, dies (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th Dynasty Year 1843 ( MDCCCXLIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star (usually shorted to Millennial Star) was the longest continuously published periodical of The Church of Jesus 23, no. 45 p. 720 (1861-11-09). Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all
  26. ^ History of the Church, vol. This article is about a book that chronicles the early history of the LDS Church 2, pp. 369, 378, January 1836; History of the Church, vol. This article is about a book that chronicles the early history of the LDS Church 5, p. 380, May 2, 1843; History of the Church, vol. Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. Year 1843 ( MDCCCXLIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common This article is about a book that chronicles the early history of the LDS Church 6, p. 616; History of the Church, vol. This article is about a book that chronicles the early history of the LDS Church 7, p. 101.
  27. ^ Gary Dean Guthrie, Joseph Smith As An Administrator, M. A. thesis, Brigham Young University, May 1969, p. 161.
  28. ^ "Minutes of the General Conference", Millennial Star, 1852-02-01, vol. Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star (usually shorted to Millennial Star) was the longest continuously published periodical of The Church of Jesus Year 1852 ( MDCCCLII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen 13, p. 35. Young's declaration did not apply to males then living who were over the age of 90.
  29. ^ a b c d e f g h Thomas G. Alexander, "The Word of Wisdom: From Principle to Requirement", Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 14:3 (1981) pp. Thomas G Alexander (born 1935 is an American Historian and academic who is the Lemuel Hardison Redd Jr 78–88.
  30. ^ "To this day those regulations [of the Word of Wisdom] apply to every member and to everyone who seeks to join the Church. They are so compelling that no one is to be baptized into the Church without first agreeing to live by them. ": Boyd K. Packer, “The Word of Wisdom: The Principle and the Promises,” Ensign, May 1996, p. Boyd Kenneth Packer (born September 10, 1924) is the current president of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus The Ensign of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, commonly shortened to Ensign (ˈɛnsaɪn is an official Periodical of 17.
  31. ^ a b LDS Church (1997). “Chapter 29: The Lord’s Law of Health,” Gospel Principles (Salt Lake City: LDS Church) p. 192.
  32. ^ LDS Church (2006). Church Handbook of Instructions, Book 1: Stake Presidencies and Bishoprics (Salt Lake City: LDS Church) p. Church Handbook of Instructions (formerly the General Handbook of Instructions) is a two-volume book of instructions and policies for leaders of The 185.
  33. ^ LDS Church (2006). Church Handbook of Instructions, Book 1: Stake Presidencies and Bishoprics (Salt Lake City: LDS Church) p. Church Handbook of Instructions (formerly the General Handbook of Instructions) is a two-volume book of instructions and policies for leaders of The 111.
  34. ^ Church Educational System (2001). The Church Educational System (CES of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church consists of several institutions that provide religious and secular education Doctrine and Covenants Student Manual: Religion 324 and 325 (Salt Lake City: LDS Church) p. 210.
  35. ^ Frederick J. Pack, "Should Latter-Day Saints Drink Coca-Cola?" Improvement Era 21:5 (Mar. The Improvement Era (often shortened to The Era) was an official magazine of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church between 1918).
  36. ^ Conference Report, April 1922, p. 165.
  37. ^ LDS Church, Priesthood Bulletin, Feb. 1972, p. 4; quoted in Church Educational System (2001). The Church Educational System (CES of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church consists of several institutions that provide religious and secular education Doctrine and Covenants Student Manual: Religion 324 and 325 (Salt Lake City: LDS Church) p. 209.
  38. ^ Enstrom, 1989.

References

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