Citizendia
Your Ad Here

For other uses, see Wireless (disambiguation).

The term wireless is normally used to refer to any type of electrical or electronic operation which is accomplished without the use of a "hard wired" connection. Electronics refers to the flow of charge (moving Electrons through Nonmetal conductors (mainly Semiconductors, whereas electrical Wireless communication is the transfer of information over a distance without the use of electrical conductors or "wires". A wire is a single usually cylindrical, elongated string of drawn Metal. [1] The distances involved may be short (a few meters as in television remote control) or very long (thousands or even millions of kilometers for radio communications). When the context is clear the term is often simply shortened to "wireless". Wireless communications is generally considered to be a branch of telecommunications.

It encompasses various types of fixed, mobile, and portable two way radios, cellular telephones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and wireless networking. two-way radio is a radio that can both transmit and receive (a Transceiver) unlike a broadcast receiver which only receives content Wireless network refers to any type of Computer network that is Wireless, and is commonly associated with a Telecommunications network whose interconnections Other examples of wireless technology include GPS units, garage door openers and or garage doors, wireless computer mice and keyboards, satellite television and cordless telephones. Basic concept of GPS operation A GPS receiver calculates its position by carefully timing the signals sent by the constellation of GPS Satellites high above the Earth A garage door opener is a motorized device that opens and closes Garage doors Most are controlled by switches on the garage wall as well as by Remote controls carried In Computing, a mouse (plural mice, mouse devices, or mouses) In Computing, a keyboard is an Input device partially modelled after the typewriter keyboard which uses an arrangement of buttons or keys Satellite television is Television delivered by the means of Communications satellites as compared to conventional Terrestrial television and Cable Basic principle A traditional landline telephone system also known as "plain old telephone service" (POTS, commonly handles both signaling and audio information

Contents

Introduction to Wireless

Handheld wireless radios such as this Maritime VHF radio transceiver use electromagnetic waves to implement a form of wireless communications technology.
Handheld wireless radios such as this Maritime VHF radio transceiver use electromagnetic waves to implement a form of wireless communications technology.

Wireless operations permits services, such as long range communications, that are impossible or impractical to implement with the use of wires. The term is commonly used in the telecommunications industry to refer to telecommunications systems (e. g. , radio transmitters and receivers, remote controls, computer networks, network terminals, etc. ) which use some form of energy (e. g. radio frequency (RF), infrared light, laser light, visible light, acoustic energy, etc. Radio frequency ( RF) is a Frequency or rate of Oscillation within the range of about 3 Hz to 300 GHz Infrared ( IR) radiation is Electromagnetic radiation whose Wavelength is longer than that of Visible light, but shorter than that of A laser is a device that emits Light ( Electromagnetic radiation) through a process called Stimulated emission. ) to transfer information without the use of wires. [2] Information is transferred in this manner over both short and long distances.

Wireless communication

The term "wireless" has become a generic and all-encompassing word used to describe communications in which electromagnetic waves or RF (rather than some form of wire) carry a signal over part or the entire communication path. Common examples of wireless equipment in use today include:

Wireless networking (i. e. the various flavors of unlicensed 2. 4 GHz WiFi devices) is used to meet a variety of needs. Perhaps the most common use is to connect laptop users who travel from location to location. Another common use is for mobile networks that connect via satellite. A wireless transmission method is a logical choice to network a LAN segment that must frequently change locations. The following situations justify the use of wireless technology:


Wireless communication may be via:

Applications may involve point-to-point communication, point-to-multipoint communication, broadcasting , cellular networks and other wireless networks. Radio is the transmission of signals by Modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible Light. Microwaves are electromagnetic waves with Wavelengths ranging from 1 mm to 1 m or frequencies between 0 Infrared ( IR) radiation is Electromagnetic radiation whose Wavelength is longer than that of Visible light, but shorter than that of A remote control is an electronic device used for the remote operation of a Machine. Point-to-point telecommunications generally refers to a connection restricted to two endpoints usually host computers For general information for point-to-multipoint communication refer to point-to-multipoint link. For the band see Broadcast (band Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and/or Video signals which transmit A cellular network is a Radio network made up of a number of radio cells (or just cells) each served by a fixed transmitter known as a Cell Wireless network refers to any type of Computer network that is Wireless, and is commonly associated with a Telecommunications network whose interconnections

The term "wireless" should not be confused with the term "cordless", which is generally used to refer to powered electrical or electronic devices that are able to operate from a portable power source (e. The term cordless literally means without a cord and is generally used to refer to powered electrical or electronic devices that are able to operate from a portable power source g. , a battery pack) without any cable or cord to limit the mobility of the cordless device through a connection to the mains power supply. Some cordless devices, such as cordless telephones, are also wireless in the sense that information is transferred from the cordless telephone to the telephone's base unit via some type of wireless communications link. In telecommunications a link is the communications channel that connects two or more communicating devices This has caused some disparity in the usage of the term "cordless", for example in Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications. DECT or Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (formerly Digital European Cordless Telephone is an ETSI standard for digital Portable phones

In the last 50 years, wireless communications industry experienced drastic changes driven by many technology innovations.

History

Further information: History of radio

The term "Wireless" came into public use to refer to a radio receiver or transceiver (a dual purpose receiver and transmitter device), establishing its usage in the field of wireless telegraphy early on; now the term is used to describe modern wireless connections such as in cellular networks and wireless broadband Internet. The pre-history and early history of radio is the history of Technology that produced radio instruments that use Radio waves Within the Timeline of A transceiver is a device that has both a Transmitter and a receiver which are combined and share common circuitry or a single housing It is also used in a general sense to refer to any type of operation that is implemented without the use of wires, such as "wireless remote control", "wireless energy transfer", etc. regardless of the specific technology (e. g. , radio, infrared, ultrasonic, etc. Radio is the transmission of signals by Modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible Light. Infrared ( IR) radiation is Electromagnetic radiation whose Wavelength is longer than that of Visible light, but shorter than that of ) that is used to accomplish the operation.

Early wireless work

David E. Hughes, eight years before Hertz's experiments, induced electromagnetic waves in a signaling system. David Edward Hughes ( 16 May 1831 &ndash 22 January 1900) coinventor of the Microphone, and an accomplished Welsh musician Hughes transmitted Morse code by an induction apparatus. Faraday's law of induction describes an important basic law of electromagnetism which is involved in the working of Transformers Inductors and many forms of In 1878, Hughes's induction transmission method utilized a "clockwork transmitter" to transmit signals. Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common In 1885, T. A. Edison uses a vibrator magnet for induction transmission. Year 1885 ( MDCCCLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common In 1888, Edison deploys a system of signaling on the Lehigh Valley Railroad. In 1891, Edison attains the wireless patent for this method using inductance (U.S. Patent 465,971 ).

In the history of wireless technology, the demonstration of the theory of electromagnetic waves by Heinrich Rudolf Hertz in 1888 was important. Electromagnetic radiation takes the form of self-propagating Waves in a Vacuum or in Matter. Heinrich Rudolf Hertz ( February 22, 1857 – January 1, 1894) was a German physicist who clarified and expanded the electromagnetic theory [3][4] The theory of electromagnetic waves were predicted from the research of James Clerk Maxwell and Michael Faraday. James Clerk Maxwell (13 June 1831 &ndash 5 November 1879 was a Scottish mathematician and theoretical physicist. Michael Faraday, FRS ( September 22 1791 – August 25 1867) was an English Hertz demonstrated that electromagnetic waves could be transmitted and caused to travel through space at straight lines and that they were able to be received by an experimental apparatus. In Telecommunications transmission is the process of sending propagating and receiving an analogue or digital information signal over a physical point-to-point or This article is about a radio receiver for other uses see Radio (disambiguation. [3][4] The experiments were not followed up by Hertz and the practical applications of the wireless communication and remote control technology would be implemented by Nikola Tesla. There have already been discussions about Tesla's ethnicity on the talk page

The electromagnetic spectrum

Light, colours, AM and FM radio, and electronic devices make use of the electromagnetic spectrum. In the US the frequencies that are available for use for communication are treated as a public resource and are regulated by the Federal Communications Commission. This determines which frequency ranges can be used for what purpose and by whom. In the absence of such control or alternative arrangements such as a privatized electromagnetic spectrum, chaos might result if, for example, airlines didn't have specific frequencies to work under and an amateur radio operator was interfering with the pilot's ability to land an airplane. Amateur radio, often called ham radio, is both a Hobby and a service in which participants called "hams" use various types of Radio communications Overview Fixed-wing aircraft range from small training and recreational aircraft to Wide-body aircraft and military cargo aircraft. Wireless communication spans the spectrum from 9 kHz to 300 GHz. (Also see Spectrum management)

Applications of wireless technology

Security systems

Wireless technology may supplement or replace hard wired implementations in security systems for homes or office buildings

Television remote control

Modern televisions use wireless (generally infrared) remote control units. The Spectrum is a conceptual tool used to organize and map the physical phenomena of Electromagnetic waves. Now we also use radio waves.

Cellular telephony (phones and modems)

Perhaps the best known example of wireless technology is the cellular telephone and modems. Mobile phones can be employed as data modems to form a wireless access point connecting a personal computer to the Internet (or some proprietary network) These instruments use radio waves to enable the operator to make phone calls from many locations world-wide. They can be used anywhere that there is a cellular telephone site to house the equipment that is required to transmit and receive the signal that is used to transfer both voice and data to and from these instruments.

WiFi

Main Article: Wi-Fi

Categories of wireless implementations, devices and standards

See also

References

  1. ^ Wireless Communication. Wireless network refers to any type of Computer network that is Wireless, and is commonly associated with a Telecommunications network whose interconnections A wireless LAN or WLAN is a Wireless Local area network, which is the linking of two or more computers or devices without using wires IEEE 80211 is a set of standards for wireless local area network (WLAN computer communication developed by the IEEE LAN/MAN Standards Committee ( IEEE 802 Wi-Fi (ˈwaɪfaɪ is the trade name for the popular wireless technology used HiperLAN (HIgh PErformance Radio LAN is a Wireless LAN standard LMDS is a Broadband wireless access technology governed by the IEEE and is outlined by the 802 LAN/MAN Standards Committee through the efforts of the IEEE 802 WiMAX, an approximate acronym of Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, is a Telecommunications technology that provides for the wireless transmission HiperMAN stands for High Performance Radio Metropolitan Area Network and is a standard created by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute ( ETSI) Broadband The pre-history and early history of radio is the history of Technology that produced radio instruments that use Radio waves Within the Timeline of The timeline of radio lists within the History of radio, the Technology and events that produced instruments that use Radio waves and activities that people Digital radio describes Radio technologies which carry Information as a Digital signal, by means of a Digital modulation method Radio resource management (RRM is the system level control of Co-channel interference and other radio transmission characteristics in Wireless communication systems The term Wireless Telegraphy is a historic term used today as applied to early Radio Telegraph communications techniques and practices A hotspot is a venue that offers Wi-Fi access to the Internet Wireless energy transfer or wireless power transmission is the process that takes place in any system where Electrical energy is transmitted from a power Wireless security is the prevention of unauthorized access or damage to computers using Wireless networks A personal area network ( PAN) is a Computer network used for Communication among Computer devices (including Telephones and Personal The following is a comparison of various wireless data access standards and their performance by several different measures This is a list of emerging technologies. Emerging technologies are new and potentially Disruptive technologies, which may marginalize an existing dominant technology sintef. no. Retrieved on 2008-03-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king
  2. ^ ATIS Telecom Glossary 2007. atis. org. Retrieved on 2008-03-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king
  3. ^ a b Story, Alfred Thomas (1904). A story of wireless telegraphy. New York, D. Appleton and Co. .  
  4. ^ a b Heinrich Rudolf Hertz. chem. ch. huji. ac. il. Retrieved on 2008-03-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king

External links

Dictionary

wireless

-adjective

  1. Not having any wires.
  2. Of or relating to wireless telegraphy.

-noun

  1. (dated) radio
  2. a wireless computer network
© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic