Windows NT
Company/developer	Microsoft
Source model	Closed source / Shared source
Stable release	Windows Vista Service Pack 1 NT 6. The software industry comprises businesses involved in the development, maintenance and publication of Computer software. A software developer is a person or organization concerned with facets of the software development process wider than design and coding a somewhat broader scope of Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational Computer technology Corporation, which rose to dominate the Home computer Proprietary software is Computer software on which the producer has set restrictions on use private modification copying, or republishing. Shared Source is Microsoft 's framework for sharing Computer program Source code with third parties Windows Vista (ˈvɪstə is a line of Operating systems developed by Microsoft for use on Personal computers including home and business desktops 0. 6001  (February 4, 2008) [+/-]
Preview release	Windows 7 Milestone 1 NT 6. Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Windows 7, (formerly codenamed Blackcomb and later Vienna) is the working name for the next major version of Microsoft Windows and 1. 6519. 1  (December 20, 2007) [+/-]
Kernel type	Hybrid kernel
Default user interface	Graphical User Interface
License	Microsoft EULA
Working state	Current

Windows NT is a family of operating systems produced by Microsoft, the first version of which was released in July 1993. Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. In Computer science, the kernel is the central component of most computer Operating systems (OS Hybrid kernel is a kernel architecture based on combining aspects of Microkernel and Monolithic kernel architectures used in Computer The user interface (or Human Computer Interface) is the aggregate of means by which people&mdash the users '&mdash interact with the System A software license (or software licence in commonwealth usage is a Legal instrument governing the usage or redistribution of copyright protected software An operating system (commonly abbreviated OS and O/S) is the software component of a Computer system that is responsible for the management and coordination Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational Computer technology Corporation, which rose to dominate the Home computer It was originally designed to be a powerful high-level-language-based, processor-independent, multiprocessing, multiuser operating system with features comparable to Unix. Unix (officially trademarked as UNIX, sometimes also written as Unix with Small caps) is a computer It was intended to complement consumer versions of Windows that were based on MS-DOS. MS-DOS (short for M icro' s' oft D isk O perating S ystem is an Operating system commercialized by Microsoft. NT was the first fully 32-bit version of Windows, whereas its consumer-oriented counterparts, Windows 3.1x and Windows 9x, were 16-bit/32-bit hybrids. Windows 31x was a major release of Microsoft Windows. Several editions were released between 1992 and 1994 succeeding Windows 3 Windows 9x is the family of Microsoft Windows Operating systems that comprises the hybrid 16/32-bit Windows versions Windows 95, Windows 98 Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows Home Server, and Windows Server 2008 are based upon the Windows NT system, although they are not branded as Windows NT. Windows 2000 (also referred to as Win2K) is a preemptive, interruptible graphical and business-oriented Operating system designed to work with Windows XP is a family of 32-bit and 64-bit Operating systems produced by Microsoft for use on Personal computers including home and Windows Server 2003 (also referred to as Win2K3 is a server Operating system produced by Microsoft. Windows Vista (ˈvɪstə is a line of Operating systems developed by Microsoft for use on Personal computers including home and business desktops Windows Home Server, code-named Quattro, is a Home server Operating system from Microsoft. Windows Server 2008 is the most recent release of Microsoft Windows ' server line of Operating systems Released to manufacturing on 4 February

Contents 1 Major features 2 Development 3 Driver models 4 Releases 4.1 Supported platforms 4.2 Hardware requirements 5 'NT' designation 6 See also 7 References 8 External links

Major features

A main design goal of NT was hardware and software portability. Versions of NT were available for a variety of processor architectures, namely Intel IA-32, MIPS, Alpha, PowerPC, SPARC, Intel i860, and Intel i960. IA-32 ( Intel Architecture 32-bit) often generically called X86 or x86-32, is the Instruction set architecture of Intel MIPS (originally an acronym for Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipeline Stages) is a RISC microprocessor architecture developed by MIPS Technologies Alpha, originally known as Alpha AXP, was a 64-bit Reduced instruction set computer (RISC Instruction set architecture (ISA developed PowerPC is a RISC Instruction set architecture created by the 1991 Apple – IBM – Motorola alliance known as AIM SPARC (from Scalable Processor Architecture is a RISC Microprocessor Instruction set architecture originally The Intel i860 (also 80860) was a RISC Microprocessor from Intel, first released in 1989. Intel 's i960 (or 80960) was a RISC -based Microprocessor design that became popular during the early 1990s as an embedded Broad software compatibility was achieved with support for several API "personalities", including the primary Win32 API and limited support for POSIX and OS/2 APIs. The Windows API, informally WinAPI, is Microsoft's core set of Application programming interfaces (APIs available in the Microsoft Windows Operating POSIX (ˈpɒzɪks or "Portable Operating System Interface" is the collective name of a family of related standards specified by the IEEE to define OS/2 is a computer Operating system, initially created by Microsoft and IBM, then later developed by IBM exclusively Partial MS-DOS compatibility was achieved via an integrated DOS Virtual Machine. MS-DOS (short for M icro' s' oft D isk O perating S ystem is an Operating system commercialized by Microsoft. Virtual DOS machine (VDM is Microsoft 's technology that allows running legacy MS-DOS and 16-bit Windows programs on Intel 80386 or higher computers For secure multiuser server solutions, NT supported per-object (file, function, and role) access control lists allowing a rich set of security permissions to be applied to systems and services. In Computer security, an access control list ( ACL) is a list of permissions attached to an object NT supported Windows network protocols, inheriting the previous OS/2 LAN Manager networking, as well as Unix's TCP/IP networking (for which Microsoft would implement a TCP/IP stack derived from the BSD Unix stack). The LAN Manager (not to be confused with NTLM) was a Network Operating System (NOS from Microsoft developed in cooperation with 3Com. The Internet Protocol Suite (commonly TCP/IP) is the set of Communications protocols used for the Internet and other similar networks

Windows NT 3. 1 was the first version of Windows to utilize 32-bit "flat" virtual memory addressing on 32-bit processors. Its companion product, Windows 3. 1, used segmented addressing and switches from 16-bit to 32-bit addressing in pages.

Windows NT 3. 1 featured a core kernel providing a system API, running in supervisor mode, and a set of user-space environments with their own APIs which included the new Win32 environment, an OS/2 1. 3 text-mode environment and a POSIX environment. The full preemptive multitasking kernel could interrupt running tasks to schedule other tasks, without relying on user programs to voluntarily give up control of the CPU, as in Windows 3. Pre-emption or preemption in Computing is the act of temporarily interrupting a task being carried out by a computer system, without requiring 1.

Notably, in Windows NT 3. x, several I/O driver subsystems, such as video and printing, were user-mode subsystems. In Windows NT 4, the video, server and printer spooler subsystems were integrated into the kernel. Windows NT's first GUI was strongly influenced by (and programmatically compatible with) that from Windows 3. 1; Windows NT 4's interface was redesigned to match that of the brand new Windows 95, moving from the Program Manager to the Start Menu/Taskbar design. Windows 95 is a consumer-oriented Graphical user interface -based Operating system. Program Manager was the shell of Windows 3x and Windows NT 3x Operating systems This shell exposed a task-oriented Graphical For the keyboard button that activates the start menu see Windows key. In Computing, the taskbar is a term for an application desktop bar which is used to launch and monitor applications

NTFS, a journaled, secure file system, was created for NT. NTFS (New Technology File System Is the standard File system of Windows NT, including its later versions Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows NT also allows for other installable file systems, and with versions 3. 1 and 3. 51, NT could also be installed on DOS's FAT or OS/2's HPFS file systems. Templateinfobox filesystem whilst covering all 3 file systems please make any style changes to both at the same time HPFS or High Performance File System is a File system created specifically for the OS/2 Operating system to improve upon the limitations Later versions could be installed on a FAT partition gaining speed at the expense of security, but this option is no longer present in Windows Vista. Windows Vista (ˈvɪstə is a line of Operating systems developed by Microsoft for use on Personal computers including home and business desktops

Development

When development started in November 1989, Windows NT was to be known as OS/2 3. OS/2 is a computer Operating system, initially created by Microsoft and IBM, then later developed by IBM exclusively 0, the third version of the operating system developed jointly by Microsoft and IBM. International Business Machines Corporation abbreviated IBM and nicknamed "Big Blue", is a multinational Computer Technology In addition to working on three versions of OS/2, Microsoft continued parallel development of the DOS-based and less resource-demanding Windows environment. A resource, or system resource, is any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system When Windows 3.0 was released in May 1990, it was eventually so successful that Microsoft decided to change the primary application programming interface for the still unreleased NT OS/2 (as it was then known) from an extended OS/2 API to an extended Windows API. Windows 30 is the third major release of Microsoft Windows, and came out on 22 May 1990 The Windows API, informally WinAPI, is Microsoft's core set of Application programming interfaces (APIs available in the Microsoft Windows Operating This decision caused tension between Microsoft and IBM and the collaboration ultimately fell apart. IBM continued OS/2 development alone while Microsoft continued work on the newly renamed Windows NT. Though neither operating system would immediately be as popular as Microsoft's DOS or Windows products, Windows NT would eventually be far more successful than OS/2.

Microsoft hired a group of developers from Digital Equipment Corporation led by Dave Cutler to build Windows NT, and many elements of the design reflect earlier DEC experience with Cutler's VMS and RSX-11. Digital Equipment Corporation was a pioneering American company in the Computer industry David Neil Cutler Sr (born March 13, 1942) is a noted American Software engineer, designer and developer Open Virtual Memory System ( OpenVMS) initially known just as Virtual Memory System ( VMS) is the name of a High-end Computer server RSX-11 is a family of Real-time operating systems mainly for PDP-11 computers created by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC common in the late 1970s The operating system was designed to run on multiple instruction set architectures and multiple hardware platforms within each architecture. An instruction set is a list of all the instructions and all their variations that a processor can execute The platform dependencies are largely hidden from the rest of the system by a kernel mode module called the HAL (Hardware Abstraction Layer). A hardware abstraction layer ( HAL) is an Abstraction layer, implemented in software between the physical hardware of a Computer and

Windows NT's kernel mode code further distinguishes between the "kernel", whose primary purpose is to implement processor and architecture dependent functions, and the "executive". This has led some writers to refer to the kernel as a microkernel, but the Windows NT kernel no longer meets many of the criteria of a "microkernel", although this was the original goal of chief architect Cutler. A microkernel is a minimal Computer Operating system kernel which in its purest form provides no operating-system services at all only the Both the kernel and the executive are linked together into the single loaded module ntoskrnl. exe; from outside this module there is little distinction between the kernel and the executive. Routines from each are directly accessible, as for example from kernel-mode device drivers.

API sets in the Windows NT family are implemented as subsystems atop the publicly undocumented "native" API; it was this that allowed the late adoption of the Windows API (into the Win32 subsystem). The Native API (with capitalized N is the publicly incompletely documented Application programming interface used internally by the Windows NT family of Operating Windows NT was one of the earliest operating systems to use Unicode internally. In Computing, Unicode is an Industry standard allowing Computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in most of the world's

Driver models

Windows NT introduced its own driver model, the Windows NT driver model, and is incompatible with older driver frameworks. With Windows 2000, it was replaced by the Windows Driver Model, which was first introduced with Windows 98, but was based on the NT driver model. Windows 2000 (also referred to as Win2K) is a preemptive, interruptible graphical and business-oriented Operating system designed to work with In Computing, the Windows Driver Model ( WDM) &mdash also known at one point as the Win32 Driver Model &mdash is a framework for Device drivers Windows 98 ( codenamed Memphis) is a graphical Operating system released on 25 June 1998 by Microsoft and the successor to Windows 95 ^[1] Windows Vista added native support for the Windows Driver Foundation, which is also available for Windows XP, Windows Server 2003 and to an extent, Windows 2000. Windows Vista (ˈvɪstə is a line of Operating systems developed by Microsoft for use on Personal computers including home and business desktops Windows Driver Foundation (WDF is a set of Microsoft tools that aid in the creation of device drivers for Windows 2000 and later versions of Windows Windows XP is a family of 32-bit and 64-bit Operating systems produced by Microsoft for use on Personal computers including home and Windows Server 2003 (also referred to as Win2K3 is a server Operating system produced by Microsoft. Windows 2000 (also referred to as Win2K) is a preemptive, interruptible graphical and business-oriented Operating system designed to work with

Releases

Windows NT Releases

Version	Marketing Name	Editions	Release Date	RTM Build
NT 3. 1	Windows NT 3.1	Workstation (named just Windows NT), Advanced Server	July 27, 1993	528
NT 3. Windows NT 31 is the first release of Microsoft 's Windows NT line of server and business desktop Operating systems and was released to Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England. Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) 5	Windows NT 3.5	Workstation, Server	September 21, 1994	807
NT 3. Windows NT 35 is the second release of the Microsoft Windows NT Operating system. Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) 51	Windows NT 3.51	Workstation, Server	May 30, 1995	1057
NT 4. Windows NT 351 is the third release of Microsoft 's Windows NT line of Operating systems It was released on May 30 1995, nine months Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 0	Windows NT 4.0	Workstation, Server, Server Enterprise Edition, Terminal Server, Embedded	July 29, 1996	1381
NT 5. Windows NT 40 is a preemptive, graphical and business-oriented Operating system designed to work with either Uniprocessor or symmetric Events 1014 - Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) 0	Windows 2000	Professional, Server, Advanced Server, Datacenter Server	February 17, 2000	2195
NT 5. Windows 2000 (also referred to as Win2K) is a preemptive, interruptible graphical and business-oriented Operating system designed to work with Events 1500 - Battle of Hemmingstedt. 1600 - Philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned alive at Campo de' Fiori 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. 1	Windows XP	Home, Professional, 64-bit Edition (Itanium), Media Center (original, 2003, 2004 & 2005), Tablet PC (original and 2005), Starter, Embedded, Home N, Professional N	October 25, 2001	2600
NT 5. Windows XP is a family of 32-bit and 64-bit Operating systems produced by Microsoft for use on Personal computers including home and Itanium is the brand name for 64-bit Intel Microprocessors that implement the Intel Itanium architecture (formerly called IA-64) Events 1147 - The Portuguese, under Afonso I, and Crusaders from England and Flanders conquer Lisbon after a Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. 1	Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs	N/A	July 8, 2006	2600
NT 5. Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs (" WinFLP " is a Thin client Operating system from Microsoft, based on Windows XP Embedded Events 939 - The Major Occultation or Ghaybat el-Kubra of Muhammad al-Mahdi 1099 - First Crusade: 15000 Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. 2	Windows XP	64-bit Edition Version 2003 (Itanium)[2]	March 28, 2003	3790
NT 5. Windows XP is a family of 32-bit and 64-bit Operating systems produced by Microsoft for use on Personal computers including home and Itanium is the brand name for 64-bit Intel Microprocessors that implement the Intel Itanium architecture (formerly called IA-64) Events 37 - Roman Emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, entitled to him by the Senate. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. 2	Windows Server 2003	Standard, Enterprise, Datacenter, Web, Storage, Small Business Server, Compute Cluster	April 24, 2003	3790
NT 5. Windows Server 2003 (also referred to as Win2K3 is a server Operating system produced by Microsoft. Events 1479 BC - Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. 2	Windows XP	Professional x64 Edition	April 25, 2005	3790
NT 5. Windows XP is a family of 32-bit and 64-bit Operating systems produced by Microsoft for use on Personal computers including home and x86-64 is a Superset of the x86 instruction set architecture. Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 2	Windows Home Server	N/A	July 16, 2007	3790
NT 6. Windows Home Server, code-named Quattro, is a Home server Operating system from Microsoft. Events 622 - The beginning of the Islamic calendar. 1054 - Three Roman legates fractured relations between the Western and Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. 0	Windows Vista	Starter, Home Basic, Home Premium, Business, Enterprise, Ultimate, Home Basic N, Business N	Business: November 30, 2006 Consumer: January 30, 2007	6000
NT 6. Windows Vista (ˈvɪstə is a line of Operating systems developed by Microsoft for use on Personal computers including home and business desktops Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1648 - Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster is signed ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. 1	Windows Server 2008	Standard, Enterprise, Datacenter, Web, Storage, Small Business Server	February 27, 2008	6001
NT 7. Windows Server 2008 is the most recent release of Microsoft Windows ' server line of Operating systems Released to manufacturing on 4 February Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common 0	Windows 7 (codenamed Blackcomb, later Vienna)	TBA	H2 2009	Unknown

Note: NT 3. Windows 7, (formerly codenamed Blackcomb and later Vienna) is the working name for the next major version of Microsoft Windows and This article is about the year For the film see 2009 Lost Memories. 1 to 3. 51 incorporate Program Manager and File Manager. Program Manager was the shell of Windows 3x and Windows NT 3x Operating systems This shell exposed a task-oriented Graphical The "File Manager" is also a development API for the Mac OS File Manager is a File manager program bundled with NT 4. 0 to 6. 0 replace this with Windows Explorer (including a taskbar and Start menu). This article is about the Windows file system browser For the similarly named internet browser see Internet Explorer Windows Explorer is a In Computing, the taskbar is a term for an application desktop bar which is used to launch and monitor applications For the keyboard button that activates the start menu see Windows key.

The first release was given version number 3. 1 to match the contemporary 16-bit Windows; magazines of that era claimed the number was also used to make that version seem more reliable than a '. 0' release. There were also some issues related to Novell IPX protocol licensing, which was apparently limited to 3. 1 versions of Windows software.

The NT version number is no longer used for marketing purposes, but is still used internally, and said to reflect the degree of changes to the core of the operating system. ^[3] The build number is an internal figure used by Microsoft's developers and beta testers.

Supported platforms

NT was written in C or C++ ^[4], a mid-level language. tags please moot on the talk page first! --> In Computing, C is a general-purpose cross-platform block structured C++ (" C Plus Plus " ˌsiːˌplʌsˈplʌs is a general-purpose Programming language. This means that it can be compiled to run on several processor systems. It also proved far more difficult to port applications such as Microsoft Office which were sensitive to issues such as data structure alignment on RISC processors. Microsoft Office is a set of interrelated desktop applications servers and services collectively referred to as an Office suite, for the Microsoft Windows and Data structure alignment is the way data is arranged and accessed in computer memory Unlike Windows CE which routinely runs on a variety of processors, the lack of success of RISC-based systems in the desktop market has resulted in nearly all actual NT deployments being on x86 architecture processors. Windows CE (also known officially as Windows Embedded Compact post version 6 See also X86 assembly language The generic term x86 refers to the most commercially successful Instruction set architecture in the history of Personal

In order to prevent Intel x86-specific code from slipping into the operating system by developers used to developing on x86 chips, Windows NT 3. See also X86 assembly language The generic term x86 refers to the most commercially successful Instruction set architecture in the history of Personal 1 was initially developed using non-x86 development systems and then ported to the x86 architecture. This work was initially based on the Intel i860-based Dazzle system and, later, the MIPS R4000-based Jazz platform. The Intel i860 (also 80860) was a RISC Microprocessor from Intel, first released in 1989. The Jazz computer architecture was a motherboard and chipset design originally developed by Microsoft for use in developing Windows NT. Both systems were designed internally at Microsoft. ^[5]

Windows NT 3. 1 was released for Intel x86 PC compatible, DEC Alpha, and ARC-compliant MIPS platforms. IBM PC compatible computers are those generally similar to the original IBM PC, XT, and AT. Alpha, originally known as Alpha AXP, was a 64-bit Reduced instruction set computer (RISC Instruction set architecture (ISA developed not to be confused with Advanced RISC Machines Advanced RISC Computing ( ARC) is a specification promulgated MIPS (originally an acronym for Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipeline Stages) is a RISC microprocessor architecture developed by MIPS Technologies Windows NT 3. 51 added support for the PowerPC processor in 1995, specifically PReP-compliant systems such as the IBM Power Series desktops/laptops and Motorola PowerStack series; but despite meetings between Michael Spindler and Bill Gates, significantly not on the Power Macintosh. PowerPC is a RISC Instruction set architecture created by the 1991 Apple – IBM – Motorola alliance known as AIM PowerPC Reference Platform ( PReP) was a standard System architecture for PowerPC based computer systems (as well as a Reference implementation Motorola Inc ( is an American, multinational Fortune 100, Telecommunications company based in Schaumburg Illinois. Michael Spindler (born 1942 in Germany) nicknamed "the Diesel" for his reputed around-the-clock work habits was president and CEO of Apple from Power Macintosh, later Power Mac, is a line of Apple Macintosh Workstation -class Personal computers based on various models of PowerPC

Intergraph Corporation ported Windows NT to its Clipper architecture and later Windows NT 3. Intergraph Corporation is a software company with 3879 employees worldwide (2008 The Clipper architecture is a 32-bit RISC -like Instruction set architecture designed by Fairchild Semiconductor. 51 was ported to SPARC,^[6] but neither version was sold to the public as a retail product. SPARC (from Scalable Processor Architecture is a RISC Microprocessor Instruction set architecture originally

Only two of the Windows NT 4. 0 variants (IA-32 and Alpha) have a full set of service packs available. All of the other ports done by third parties (Motorola, Intergraph, etc. ) have few, if any, publicly available updates.

Windows NT 4. 0 was the last major release to support Alpha, MIPS, or PowerPC, though development of Windows 2000 for Alpha continued until August 1999, when Compaq stopped support for Windows NT on that architecture; and then three days later Microsoft also canceled their AlphaNT program, even though the Alpha NT 5 (Windows 2000) release had reached RC2 (build 2128). Compaq Computer Corporation was an American Personal computer company founded in 1982 and is now a brand name of Hewlett-Packard. A software release is the distribution whether public or private of an initial or new and upgraded version of a Computer software product

Released versions of NT for Alpha were 32-bit only. The 64 bit port of Windows was originally intended to run on Itanium as well as on Alpha, and Alpha hardware was accordingly used internally at Microsoft during early development of 64-bit Windows. Itanium is the brand name for 64-bit Intel Microprocessors that implement the Intel Itanium architecture (formerly called IA-64) ^[7] This continued for some time after Microsoft publicly announced that it was cancelling plans to ship 64-bit Windows for Alpha, because Itanium hardware was not yet available for development. ^[8]

Windows XP 64-Bit, Windows Server 2003 Enterprise, and Windows Server 2003 Datacenter support Intel's IA-64 processors. As of April 25, 2005 Microsoft had released four editions for 'x64' (see x86-64 architecture): Windows XP Professional x64 Edition, Windows Server 2003 Standard x64 Edition, Windows Server 2003 Enterprise x64 Edition, and Windows Server 2003 Datacenter x64 Edition. Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. x86-64 is a Superset of the x86 instruction set architecture.

It is a common misconception that the Xbox and Xbox 360 use a modified Windows 2000 kernel. The Xbox is a sixth-generation Video game console produced by Microsoft Corporation. The Xbox 360 is the second Video game console produced by Microsoft, and was developed in cooperation with IBM, ATI, and SiS. ^[9] The Xbox operating system was built from scratch but implements a subset of Windows APIs. The Windows API, informally WinAPI, is Microsoft's core set of Application programming interfaces (APIs available in the Microsoft Windows Operating

Hardware requirements

The minimum hardware specification required to run each release of the professional workstation version of Windows NT has been fairly slow-moving until the 6. 0 Vista release, which requires a minimum of 15 GB of free disk space plus an additional 5 GB of extra space for 6. 0, a 10-fold increase in free disk space alone over the previous version.

Windows NT desktop (x86) minimum hardware requirements

NT Version	CPU	RAM	Free disk space
NT 3. 51 Workstation	386, 25 MHz	8 MB	90 MB
NT 4. 0 Workstation	486, 33 MHz	12 MB	110 MB
2000 Professional	Pentium, 133 MHz	32 MB	650 MB
XP	Pentium MMX, 233 MHz	64 MB	1. 5 GB
Fundamentals for Legacy PCs	Pentium MMX, 233 MHz	64 MB	610 MB
Vista	Pentium III, 800 MHz	512 MB	15 GB

'NT' designation

It is popularly believed that Dave Cutler intended the initialism 'WNT' as a pun on VMS, incrementing each letter by one, similar to the apocryphal story of Arthur C. Open Virtual Memory System ( OpenVMS) initially known just as Virtual Memory System ( VMS) is the name of a High-end Computer server In Cryptography, a Caesar cipher, also known as a Caesar's cipher, the shift cipher, Caesar's code or Caesar shift, is one of the Clarke's deriving HAL 9000's name by decrementing each letter of IBM. HAL 9000 ( Heuristically programmed ALgorithmic Computer is a fictional Computer in Arthur C While this would have suited Cutler's sense of humor, the project's earlier name of NT OS/2 belies this theory. Another of the original OS/2 3. 0 developers, Mark Lucovsky, states that the name was taken from the Intel i860 processor—code-named N10 (or 'N-Ten') —which served as the original target hardware. Mark Lucovsky is an American Software developer who worked for Microsoft and who is now employed by Google. The Intel i860 (also 80860) was a RISC Microprocessor from Intel, first released in 1989. ^[10] Various Microsoft publications, including a 1998 question-and-answer session with Bill Gates,^[11] reveal that the letters were expanded to 'New Technology' for marketing purposes but no longer carry any specific meaning. If you would like to experiment with Wikipedia please copy

The letters were dropped from the name of Windows 2000, though literature contained the phrase 'Built on NT technology' and the system folder retained the WINNT designation. This action ostensibly reflected Microsoft's intent to unify its home and business lines, then represented by Windows 98 and Windows NT 4. Windows 98 ( codenamed Memphis) is a graphical Operating system released on 25 June 1998 by Microsoft and the successor to Windows 95 0, but this goal would not be fully achieved until the introduction of Windows XP.

See also

• Architecture of Windows NT
• Microsoft Windows
• NTFS
• NT Domain
• ReactOS (an open source project with the goal of providing binary- and device driver-level compatibility with Windows NT)
• Windows Server System
• Windows NT Startup Process
• Windows Preinstallation Environment
• F6 disk

References

External links

• Official Page
• Windows NT and VMS: The Rest of the Story, discussion of ancestry of NT by Mark Russinovich
• A Brief History of the Windows NT Operating System a Microsoft PressPass Fact Sheet

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