| Winchester College | |
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| Motto | Manners makyth man |
| Established | 1382 |
| Type | Public School |
| Head Master | Dr Ralph Townsend |
| Founder | William of Wykeham |
| Location | College Street Winchester Hampshire England |
| Staff | ~100 |
| Students | ~670 |
| Gender | Boys |
| Houses | 10 |
| School colours | Blue, Brown & Red |
| Publication | The Wykehamist, Quelle |
| Former pupils | Old Wykehamists |
| Website | www.winchestercollege.co.uk |
| Coordinates: | |
Winchester College is a well-known boys' independent school, and an example of an English public school, in the city of Winchester in Hampshire, England. The term public school has two distinct (and virtually opposite meanings depending on the location of usage in the United States, Australia and Dr Ralph Townsend is Headmaster of Winchester College. He was previously Headmaster of Oundle School and before that Headmaster of Sydney Grammar School William of Wykeham (1320 &ndash 27 September 1404) was Bishop of Winchester, Chancellor of England, founder of Winchester Winchester or Winton ( archaic) is a historic city in southern England, with a population of around 40000 within a radius of its centre Wildlife Hampshire has wildlife typical of the island of Great Britain England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Former pupils of Winchester College are known as Old Wykehamists and as such are able to include 'OW' in any List of post-nominal letters. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. An independent school is a school which is not dependent upon national or local Government for financing its operation and is instead operated by tuition charges gifts and The term public school has two distinct (and virtually opposite meanings depending on the location of usage in the United States, Australia and Winchester or Winton ( archaic) is a historic city in southern England, with a population of around 40000 within a radius of its centre Wildlife Hampshire has wildlife typical of the island of Great Britain England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Officially known as Collegium Sanctae Mariae prope Wintoniam (or Collegium Beatae Mariae Wintoniensis prope Winton), or St Mary's College near Winchester, the college is commonly referred to as "Win: Coll:" or just "Winchester". Winchester has existed for over six hundred years - the longest unbroken history of any school in England. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland It is one of the original nine English public schools as defined by the Public Schools Act 1868, and is commonly considered to be the most academic of all schools in the United Kingdom. The Public Schools Act 1868 was enacted by the British Parliament to reform and regulate nine leading English boys' schools
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Winchester College was founded in 1382 by William of Wykeham, Bishop of Winchester and Chancellor to Richard II, and the first seventy poor scholars entered the school in 1394. William of Wykeham (1320 &ndash 27 September 1404) was Bishop of Winchester, Chancellor of England, founder of Winchester See also List of bishops of Winchester The Bishop of Winchester is the head of the Church of England Richard II (6 January 1367 &ndash ca 14 February 1400 was King of England from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399 It was founded in conjunction with New College, Oxford, for which it was designed to act as a feeder: the buildings of both colleges were designed by master mason William Wynford. New College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. William Wynford (flourished 1360-1405 was one of the most successful English master masons of the 14th century using the new Perpendicular Gothic style This double foundation was the model for Eton College and King's College, Cambridge some 50 years later (a sod of earth from Winchester and a number of scholars were sent to Eton for its foundation), and for Westminster School, Christ Church, Oxford and Trinity College, Cambridge in Tudor times. Eton College, or just Eton, is a world-famous British Independent school for boys founded in 1440 by King Henry VI. King's College Cambridge is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. The Royal College of St Peter in Westminster, almost always known as Westminster School, is one of Britain 's leading boys' Independent schools with Not to be confused with Christchurch, a city in New Zealand. Christ Church (Ædes Christi the temple or house of Christ and thus sometimes known as Trinity College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England.
In addition to the seventy scholars and 16 "Quiristers" (choristers), the statutes provided for ten "noble Commoners". These Commoners ("Commoners in Collegio") were paying guests of the Head Master or Second Master in his official apartments in College. Other paying pupils ("Commoners extra Collegium"), either guests of one of the Masters in his private house or living in lodgings in town, grew in numbers till the late 18th century, when they were all required to live in "Old Commoners" and town boarding was banned. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system In the 19th century this was replaced by "New Commoners", and the numbers fluctuated between 70 and 130: the new building was compared unfavourably to a workhouse, and as it was built over an underground stream epidemics of typhus and malaria were common. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar
In the late 1850s four boarding houses were planned (but only three built, namely A, B and C), to be headed by masters: the plan, since dropped, was to increase the number of scholars to 100 so that there would be "College", "Commoners" and "Houses" consisting of 100 pupils each. Events and Trends Industry Production of Steel revolutionized by invention of the Bessemer process Benjamin Silliman In the 1860s "New Commoners" was closed and converted to classrooms, and its members were divided among four further boarding houses (D, E, G and H, collectively known as "Commoner Block"). Events and trends Technology The First Transcontinental Railroad in the USA was completed in 1869 At the same time two more houses (F and I) were acquired and added to the "Houses" category; a tenth (K) was acquired in 1905 and allotted to "Commoners". (The distinction between "Commoners" and "Houses" is now of purely sporting significance, and "a Commoner" means any pupil who is not a scholar. ) There are therefore now ten houses in addition to College, which continues to occupy the original 14th century buildings, and the total number of pupils is almost 700. From the late 1970s there has been a continual process of extension to and upgrading of College Chambers.
The headmaster is currently Dr Ralph Townsend, formerly of Sydney Grammar School and Oundle School. Dr Ralph Townsend is Headmaster of Winchester College. He was previously Headmaster of Oundle School and before that Headmaster of Sydney Grammar School Sydney Grammar School (colloquially known as Grammar) is an independent, Secular, selective, Day school for boys located in Oundle School is a public school located in the ancient market town of Oundle in Northamptonshire, England.
| Official Name | Informal Name | House Letter |
|---|---|---|
| Chernocke House | Furley's | A |
| Moberly's | Toye's | B |
| Du Boulay's | Cook's | C |
| Fearon's | Kenny's | D |
| Morshead's | Freddie's | E |
| Hawkins' | Chawker's | F |
| Sergeant's | Phil's | G |
| Bramston's | Trant's | H |
| Turner's | Hopper's | I |
| Kingsgate House | Beloe's | K |
Every pupil at Winchester, apart from Scholars (also known as Collegemen), lives in a boarding house, chosen when applying to Winchester. A boarding house, also known as a "rooming house" (mainly in the United States) or a "lodging house" is a House (often a family home It is here that he eats and sleeps. Each house is presided over by a housemaster (who takes on the role in addition to teaching duties) and a number of house tutors. Houses compete in school competitions, and in particular in sporting competitions. Each house has an official name, used mainly as a postal address, and an informal name, usually based on the name or nickname of an early housemaster. Each house also has a letter assigned to it, in the order of their founding, to act as an abbreviation. A member of a house is described by the informal name of the house with "-ite" suffixed, as "a Cookite", "a Toyeite" and so on. The houses have been ordered by their year of founding.
The scholars live in the original buildings, known as College; individual scholars are known as "Collegemen". College is not usually referred to as a house, except for the purposes of categorisation: hence the terms 'housemaster of College' and 'College house' are not generally used. The housemaster of College is known as the 'Master in College'. Within the school, 'College' refers only to the body of scholars (and their buildings); 'Winchester College' and 'the college' refer to the school as a whole.
Each house also had a set of house colours, which adorned the ribbon worn around boys' "strats" (straw hats). The wearing of strats was abolished for Commoners in around 1984 - Collegemen had ceased to wear them years earlier.
College does not have an informal name, although the abbreviation Coll: is sometimes used, especially on written work. It also has a letter assigned to it, X, but it is considered bad form to use this except as a laundry mark.
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Winchester College Chapel |
East Window |
Chapel Ceiling |
Situated on the south side of Chamber Court, the Chapel is part of the original College buildings and retains its original wooden fan-vaulted ceiling. Built to easily accommodate just over 100 people, it is now too small for the current school population of around 660. Additional seating installed in 1908 allows the Chapel to seat just over 300 people with the remainder (generally first and second years) worshipping in the nearby St. Michael's Church (known as Michla). Occasional services are also held in Fromond's Chantry, which is in the middle of the Cloisters.
The Chapel's most striking feature is its stained glass. The East window depicts the stem of Jesse. Down the Chapel's north and south sides is a collection of saints. Little of the original medieval glass survives. A firm of glaziers in Shrewsbury was tasked with cleaning the glass in the 1820's. At that time there was no known process for cleaning the badly deteriorated glass and so it was copied, while most of the original glass was scattered or destroyed. Some pieces have been recovered. The south west corner holds the largest piece, bought and donated by Kenneth Clark. Kenneth McKenzie Clark Baron Clark, OM, CH, KCB, FBA ( July 13, 1903 &ndash May 21, 1983) was an Five other figures bequeathed by Otto von Kienbusch and two more donated by Coleorton Church, Leicestershire were placed in Fromond's Chantry in 1978.
Until Victorian times the chapel was divided into a Chapel and Ante-Chapel, and had decorative panelling. This panelling was recovered by the school in the 1960s and used in the building of New Hall, the school concert hall, the design of which was specifically planned so as to house it.
The school is blessed with the internationally renowned Winchester College Chapel Choir, who sing regular services in the chapel, as well as other venues. Winchester College Chapel Choir is an internationally renowned choir that sings in the Chapel of Winchester College. This consists of three professional Lay Clerks, the sixteen Quiristers (who attend the Pilgrims School) and selected pupils and masters. There is also a Junior choir for St. Michael's church.
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North Side (Pre-restoration) |
North Side (Post-restoration) |
The exterior of the Chapel and the Hall have recently undergone extensive restoration of the stonework.
Until the 1860s the predominant subject of instruction was classics, and there was one main schoolroom used as both the classroom and the place of preparation, under extremely noisy conditions: there were adjacent rooms used for French and mathematics. Under the headmastership of George Ridding proper classrooms were built, and pupils had the option of joining "Parallel Div" for the study of history and modern languages. George Ridding ( March 16, 1828 - August 30, 1904) English headmaster and bishop was born at Winchester College, of which Later still a "Sen: Science Div" was added. Science teaching at Winchester had a high reputation: one of the early science masters duplicated the experiments of Hertz about radio waves, the equipment for which is still preserved at Science School. Heinrich Rudolf Hertz ( February 22, 1857 – January 1, 1894) was a German physicist who clarified and expanded the electromagnetic theory
For much of the twentieth century the senior forms were divided among three "ladders": the A ladder for classics, the B ladder for history and modern languages and the C ladder for mathematics and science. There was also a vertical division, in descending order, into Sixth Book (equivalent to the sixth form at other schools), Senior Part, Middle Part and Junior Part: depending on ability, new boys were placed in either Junior or Middle Part.
The school now offers a wide range of subjects, and no longer has a system of ladders. In 2008 it abandoned A-level as its matriculation credential and adopted the Cambridge Pre-U on the grounds that this will strengthen the quality of the school's intellectual life. In addition, all boys throughout the school are required to attend daily Division lessons on history, literature and politics that do not lead to external examinations. The purpose is to ensure a broad education which does not focus solely on examinations.
Winchester has its own entrance examination, and does not use Common Entrance. The Common Entrance Examinations are set by the Independent Schools Examination Board, for entry at age 11+ (normally for girls and boys in year six or at age 13+ (normally Those wishing to enter a Commoner house make their arrangements with the relevant housemaster some time before sitting the exam. Those applying to College do not take the normal entrance examination but instead sit a separate, harder, exam called "Election": successful candidates may obtain, according to their performance, a scholarship, an exhibition with or without emolument or a Headmaster's nomination.
A notion is a manner or tradition peculiar to Winchester College. This page is about Winchester College slang For other meanings of "notion" see the disambiguation page Notion. The word notion is also used to refer to unique and peculiar words used (with diminishing frequency) in the school. An example is "toytime", meaning prep or homework. It can also refer to more recent slang, some of which features the altering of vowels in certain words for sarcastic emphasis.
The Notions Test was until recently an important tradition in most houses, in which juniors were required to answer questions about notions. This page is about Winchester College slang For other meanings of "notion" see the disambiguation page Notion. Although now banned under various pretexts including the European human rights conventions, the test was usually administered to new boys during their first term at the school by more senior boys, and aimed to test and demonstrate their familiarity with the vocabulary, history and traditions of the school. College Notions was more elaborate and continued for a few years longer than the Commoner tests. It took the form of an end-of-term celebration and marked the point at which new Collegemen formally became known as Jun: Men.
Situated to the west of College Meads, this cloister serves as a memorial to the Wykehamist dead of the two world wars. It was designed by Sir Herbert Baker and dedicated in 1924 and again in 1948. Sir Herbert Baker ( 9 June 1862 in Cobham Kent - 4 February 1946 in Cobham Kent was a British architect
A bronze bust of Air Chief Marshal Lord Dowding sits on the west side of the cloister. Air Chief Marshal Hugh Caswell Tremenheere Dowding 1st Baron Dowding GCB, GCVO, CMG ( 24 April 1882 &ndash 15 February
War Cloister occupies a strategic position in Kingsgate Street (accessed via "South Africa Gate", which commemorates the Wykehamist dead of the 1899-1902 Boer War), so that all Commoners go through it on their way to and from class.
Another older war memorial in the school is the entry chamber to Chapel, known as "Crimea" after the Crimean War of the early 1850s, and bearing the names of Wykehamists who died at the siege of Sevastopol.
Traditionally there were always 18 prefects in College, though since the mid-twentieth century there have been fewer, 10 to 14 being typical. Of these, five (later increased to six) hold salaried offices. Historically, these were as follows, in descending order of seniority:
The post of Jun: Cap: Prae: (junior chapel prefect) has recently been abolished and has been replaced by Ollae Praefectus (Oll: Prae:), which literally translates as "prefect of tub". (This is the revival of an ancient office, which was suppressed in the nineteenth century when the office of Bib: Prae: was created. The duties were to do with catering, especially the disposal of uneaten food from College lunch, which was collected in a special wooden vat and given to the poor. This vat or tub is still on display in College Hall. )
Each Officer, in addition to his specialized duties, has charge of a College Chamber (day-room). Thus when IVth Chamber was reopened, increasing the number of chambers to six, a sixth Officer was created, the Coll: Lib: Prae:, in charge of Upper Coll: Lib: (the fiction library available to Collegemen). The post had previously existed informally, but the holder used not to rank as an Officer.
Formerly, there were one or two (originally five) further prefects "in full power", invariably, though improperly, known as Co: Praes. Officers and Co: Praes had authority throughout the school; the remaining prefects had authority only in College. Nowadays, while there are still six officers, they have little to do with the running of the school and are mainly responsible for their respective chambers, and there are no other College Co: Praes. In practice, only the Prefect of Hall has significant duties outside College.
The present practice is for all fifth-years in College to be prefects. Each officer nominates a prefect from those members of his year who are not officers to act as his deputy within his chamber; any prefects left over are sometimes known as "Jemimas" (reason unknown). The seven senior inferiors (non-prefects) in College are known as Custodes Candelarum (tollykeepers), but this is a purely nominal dignity. The next senior person in a chamber after the prefects and tollykeepers was once known as the in loco, and kept the accounts for Chamber Tea.
Outside College there is a Sen: Co: Prae: (Senior Commoner Prefect), who acts as joint Head Boy with the Prefect of Hall. There are then a number of Co: Praes (Commensalibus Praefecti, Commoner Prefects) with authority over all Commoners: traditionally, no Commoner has authority over any Collegeman. Nowadays, there is generally only one Co: Prae: per house, who acts as the senior house prefect. In addition, each house has a number of House Prefects, with authority only in that house. The Co: Praes (heads of houses) meet weekly together with the Prefect of Hall and Head Master to discuss the running of the school.
There has been no system of fagging for some decades. College prefects used to engage junior boys as "valets": by the 1960s this had become a voluntary arrangement in which the valets were paid for their services, and the system disappeared altogether in the early 1970s. Similarly in the 1970s some Commoner houses retained traditions, for example in Toye's, of "trap-cads", who would perform services for senior boys for money and other benefits. Junior Collegemen still take it in turns to perform services ("sweat") for the whole Chamber such as bringing down bread and milk. The College Officers and the College Editor of The Wykehamist each engage (and pay) a second-year as a "writer" (Latin: "Scriptor"), to perform a variety of duties, more or less related to the position held by their Officer - for example, the Cap: Prae:'s writer puts out the choir's hymnsheets before services, while the Schol: Prae:'s writer collects and delivers the morning's newspapers to each chamber.
Winchester College has its own game, Winchester College Football (also known as 'Win: Co: Fo:' or, more recently, 'Winkies'), played only at Winchester. Winchester College Football, also known as Winkies WinCoFo or simply "Our Game" is a code of football played at Winchester College. Winchester College Football, also known as Winkies WinCoFo or simply "Our Game" is a code of football played at Winchester College. It is played in Common Time (the spring term), the main game in Short Half (the autumn term) being Association football. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered
Winchester Football could be considered a cross between football and rugby, though this analogy shouldn't be taken too far since there are significant differences. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Rugby football (usually just " rugby " may refer to a number of sports through history descended from a common form of Football developed at Rugby School For example, the ball can only be carried, like in rugby, if caught full toss. Furthermore, no football-type "dribbling" is allowed since the player has to kick the ball as hard as he can at all times, making it difficult for a player to touch the ball more than once at a time, though the ball can be passed to a teammate backwards. Furthermore, a player who finds himself upfield must return to the point at which his teammate last kicked the ball before being able to join in the game again. The current form of the game can be played by teams of 6, 10, or 15. There are also rugby-type scrums known as "hots", which feature 8 forwards in the 15-player version and 3 in the 6-player version of the game. The objective is to kick the ball over the opponent's goal line ("worms"). The field("canvas") is 73m long and 24. 5m wide. It is delimited lengthwise by canvas netting and by posts threaded with a heavy rope that run parallel to and about 1 metre inside the netting.
There is also a distinctive Winchester version of Fives, resembling Rugby Fives but with a buttress on the court. Fives is a British sport believed to derive from the same origins as many racquet sports. Rugby Fives is a handball Game, similar to squash, played in an enclosed court
At one time Winchester was one of the Lord's schools, competing in a trilateral cricket tournament with Eton and Harrow; and for this reason the first cricket eleven is still known as "Lords" (with or without the apostrophe). Lord's Cricket Ground (generally known as Lord's) is a cricket Eton College, or just Eton, is a world-famous British Independent school for boys founded in 1440 by King Henry VI. Since 1855 Winchester has not taken part in this, instead playing Eton alternately at the two schools. Eton Match, when played at Winchester, was until recently the major event attended by Old Wykehamists and the main showcase for the school and its activities, but now most of the non-cricket-related functions have been moved to "Wykeham Day" in the autumn. Eton Match itself has now been replaced by "Winchester Day", featuring a match between Wykehamists and Old Wykehamists.
Rackets is also played. Rackets ( British English) or Racquets ( American English) is an indoor Racquet sport played in the United Kingdom, United States Should the same person be Captain of Lord's and Captain of Rackets, he is known as "Lord of Lords and Prince of Princes", in allusion to Prince's Club in London. There were two sporting clubs (or one club with two or more locations? in Knightsbridge, London, England, known as Prince's Club.
See List of Old Wykehamists. Former pupils of Winchester College are known as Old Wykehamists and as such are able to include 'OW' in any List of post-nominal letters.
The school song is "Dulce Domum", which is sung on the approach of and at the break-up of the school for the Summer holidays. It is also sung at Abingdon School and Stamford School under similar circumstances, and was popular among 19th century English public schoolboys. Abingdon School is an independent day and Boarding school for boys in Abingdon, Oxfordshire, previously known as Roysse's School Stamford School is an English public school situated in the market town of Stamford, Lincolnshire. For example, it is mentioned in the early chapters of Tom Brown's Schooldays. Tom Brown's Schooldays is a novel by Thomas Hughes first published in 1857 Paradoxically, although the subject of the song is the joy of breaking from the school grind and returning home for the holidays, it is often taken as symbolising the idyllic, nostalgic view of English public school life in the 19th century. The term public school has two distinct (and virtually opposite meanings depending on the location of usage in the United States, Australia and It should not be confused with another song of the same name, but with completely different tune and lyrics, written by Robert S. Dulce Domum (lit Sweetly at Home) is a song written by Robert S Ambrose.
According to legend, it was composed by a pupil in the 17th or 18th century, who was confined for misconduct during the Whitsun holidays. Whitsun ( Old English for "White Sunday" is the 49th day (seventh Sunday after Easter Sunday. (On one account, he was tied to a pillar. ) It is said that he carved the words on the bark of a tree, which was thereafter called "Domum Tree", and cast himself into Logie (the river running through the school grounds). There is still a "Domum Cottage" in that area.
The song is sung at the end of the summer term, and on other occasions when a school song is normally sung. There is also a "Domum Dinner" held around the same time, for those former scholars of Winchester who were also scholars of New College, and for various distinguished guests. Until the reforms of the nineteenth century, there were three successive Domum Dinners held at the end of Election Week, culminating in a Domum Ball. Originally these festivities occurred around Whitsun, as suggested by the seasonal references in the song, but when Election Week was moved to the end of the summer term in June or July the Domum celebrations were moved with it.
It is rather remarkable that the author apparently treated 'domum' as a neuter noun. One could argue that domum is the accusative, meaning "homeward", and that dulce is used adverbially.
Here is the chorus (in Latin, with English translation):
Domum, domum, dulce domum!
Domum, domum, dulce domum;
Dulce, dulce dulce domum!
Dulce domum resonemus.
Home, home, joyous home! (or: Homeward, homeward, joyously homeward!)
Home, home, joyous home!
Joyous, joyous, joyous home!
Hurrah for joyous home!
Manners makyth man
- William of Wykeham Motto of Winchester College and New College, Oxford
Broad of Church and broad of mind,
Broad before and broad behind,
A keen ecclesiologist,
A rather dirty Wykehamist. William of Wykeham (1320 &ndash 27 September 1404) was Bishop of Winchester, Chancellor of England, founder of Winchester New College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom.
- John Betjeman "The Wykehamist"
Leader in London's preservation lists
And least Wykehamical of Wykehamists{:}
Clan chief of Paddington's distinguished set,
Pray go on living to a hundred yet!
- John Betjeman "For Patrick" (about Patrick Balfour, 3rd Baron Kinross)
You can always tell a Wykehamist, but you can't tell him much
- Anon. Sir John Betjeman, CBE ( 28 August 1906 &ndash 19 May 1984 was an English poet writer and broadcaster who described himself in Who's Who Sir John Betjeman, CBE ( 28 August 1906 &ndash 19 May 1984 was an English poet writer and broadcaster who described himself in Who's Who
These Wykehamists have the kind of mind that likes to relax by composing Alcaics on the moving parts of their toy trains.
- Evelyn Waugh
Would you doubt the word of a Wykehamist!
- Sir Edward Grey
O, Eternal God, the Life and the Resurrection of all them that believe in Thee, always to be praised as well for the Dead as for those that be Alive, we give Thee most hearty Thanks for our Founder, William of Wykeham; and all other our Benefactors, by whose Benefits we are here brought up to Godliness and the studies of good Learning; beseeching Thee that we, well using all these Thy Blessings to the Praise and Honour of Thy Holy Name, may at length be brought to the Immortal Glory of the Resurrection, through Jesus Christ our Lord. Arthur Evelyn St John Waugh (ˈiːvlɪn ˈwɔː (28 October 1903 &ndash 10 April 1966 was an English Writer, best known for such darkly humorous and Edward Grey 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon KG, PC, DL ( 25 April 1862 &ndash 7 September 1933) better Amen.
- "Thanksgiving for the Founder" as at present used on commemoration days