Winchester Cathedral at Winchester in Hampshire is one of the largest cathedrals in England, with the longest nave and overall length of any Gothic cathedral in Europe. Winchester or Winton ( archaic) is a historic city in southern England, with a population of around 40000 within a radius of its centre Wildlife Hampshire has wildlife typical of the island of Great Britain This article is about the history and organisation of the cathedral England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland See also Gothic art Gothic architecture is a style of Architecture which flourished during the high and late medieval period. [1] It is dedicated to the Holy Trinity, Saint Peter, Saint Paul and Saint Swithun and is the seat of the Bishop of Winchester and centre of the Diocese of Winchester. SSC RF "Troitsk Institute of Innovative and Termonuclear Research" or TRINITY for shprt Троицкий Институт инновационных и термоядерных Paul the apostle (שאול התרסי Šaʾul HaTarsi, meaning " Saul of Tarsus " Σαούλ Saul and Σαῦλος Saulos and Saint Swithun (or Swithin) (died 2 July, 862) was an early English Bishop of Winchester, now best known for the popular British See also List of bishops of Winchester The Bishop of Winchester is the head of the Church of England The Diocese of Winchester forms part of the Province of Canterbury of the Church of England. Since March 2006 an admission charge has been payable by visitors to the cathedral. [2]
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Pre-Norman cathedral
- Main article: Old Minster, Winchester
The cathedral was originally founded in 642 on an immediately adjoining site to the north. Year 1911 ( MCMXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Old Minster was the Anglo-Saxon Cathedral for the Diocese of Wessex and then Winchester from 660 to 1093 This building was known as the Old Minster. The Old Minster was the Anglo-Saxon Cathedral for the Diocese of Wessex and then Winchester from 660 to 1093 It became part of a monastic settlement in 971. Saint Swithun was buried near the Old Minster and then in it, before being moved to the new Norman cathedral. Saint Swithun (or Swithin) (died 2 July, 862) was an early English Bishop of Winchester, now best known for the popular British For other buildings in Normandy see Architecture of Normandy. Mortuary chests said to contain the remains of Saxon kings such as King Edwy of England and his wife Queen Elgiva, first buried in the Old Minster, are also housed in the present cathedral. For their language see Anglo-Saxon language. Anglo-Saxon is the term usually used to describe the invading Tribes in the south Edwy All-Fair or Eadwig (941?&ndash October 1, 959) was the King of England from 955 until his death Elgiva or Ælfgifu (died September 959 was the wife of king Edwy of England. The Old Minster was demolished in 1093. Demolition is the opposite of Construction: the tearing-down of Buildings and other Structures It contrasts with deconstruction
History
Construction of the cathedral began in 1079 under bishop Walkelin, and on April 8, 1093, in the presence of nearly all the bishops and abbots of England, the monks removed from Saxon cathedral church of the Old Minster to the new one, "with great rejoicing and glory" to mark its completion. Walkelin or Walchelin (died 1098 was the first Norman Bishop of Winchester. Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight The word abbot, meaning Father, is a title given to the head of a Monastery in various traditions including Christianity. The Old Minster was the Anglo-Saxon Cathedral for the Diocese of Wessex and then Winchester from 660 to 1093 The earliest part of the present building is the crypt, which dates from that time. In terms of European architecture a crypt (from the Latin crypta and the Greek κρυπτη, kryptē) is a stone chamber or William II of England (son of William I 'the Conqueror') was buried in the cathedral on 11 August 1100, after he was killed in a hunting accident in the nearby New Forest. William II (c 1056 &ndash 2 August 1100) the third son of William I of England (William the Conqueror was King of England from 1087 William I of England ( 1027 His reign which brought Norman culture to England had an enormous impact on the subsequent course of England in the Middle Ages Events 2492 BC - Traditional date of the defeat of Bel by Hayk, progenitor and founder of the Armenian nation The New Forest is an area of southern England which includes the largest remaining tracts of unenclosed pasture land heathland and Forest in the heavily-populated The squat, square central tower was begun in 1202 to replace an earlier version which collapsed, partly due to the unstable ground on which the cathedral is built. It has an indisputably Norman look to it. For other buildings in Normandy see Architecture of Normandy. Work continued on the cathedral during the 14th century, in 1394 the remodelling of the Norman nave commenced to the designs of master mason William Wynford, this continued into the 15th and 16th centuries, notably with the building of the retrochoir to accommodate the many pilgrims to the shrine of Saint Swithun. William Wynford (flourished 1360-1405 was one of the most successful English master masons of the 14th century using the new Perpendicular Gothic style A pilgrim is one who undertakes a Pilgrimage, literally 'far afield' A shrine, from the Latin scrinium (‘box’ also used as a desk like the French bureau) was originally a container usually made of precious materials used Saint Swithun (or Swithin) (died 2 July, 862) was an early English Bishop of Winchester, now best known for the popular British The Benedictine foundation, the Priory of Saint Swithun, was dissolved in 1539. Benedictine refers to the Spirituality and Consecrated life in accordance with the Rule of St Benedict, written by Benedict of Nursia in The Dissolution of the Monasteries, sometimes referred to as the Suppression of the Monasteries, was the formal process between 1536 and 1541 by which Henry VIII disbanded The cloister and chapter house were demolished, but the cathedral continued. A cloister (from Latin claustrum) is a part of Cathedral, Monastic and Abbey architecture A chapter house is a building or room attached to a Cathedral or Collegiate church in which meetings are held
Restoration work was carried out by T. G. Jackson during the years 1905–1912, including the famous saving of the building from total collapse. Some waterlogged foundations on the south and east walls were reinforced by a diver, William Walker, packing the foundations with more than 25,000 bags of concrete, 115,000 concrete blocks and 900,000 bricks. William Walker MVO (1869-1918 was an English diver famous for shoring up the southern and eastern sides of Winchester Cathedral. He worked six hours a day from 1906 to 1912 in total darkness at depths up to 6 m, and is credited with saving the cathedral from total collapse. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International For his troubles he was awarded the MVO. The Royal Victorian Order (RVO is a Dynastic order of knighthood and a house order of chivalry in the Commonwealth realms Created by Queen Victoria
Events
Important events which took place at Winchester Cathedral include:
- Funeral of King Harthacanute (1042)
- Coronation of Henry the Young King and his queen, Marguerite (1172)
- Second coronation of Richard I of England (1194)
- Marriage of King Henry IV of England and Joanna of Navarre (1403)
- Marriage of Queen Mary I of England and King Philip II of Spain (1554)
- Funeral and burial of Jane Austen (1817)[3]
Features
Nowadays the cathedral draws many tourists as a result of its association with Jane Austen, who died in the city and is buried in the cathedral's north aisle of the nave. Harthacanute ( Canute the Hardy, sometimes Hardicanute, Hardecanute, Hörthaknútr; Danish: Hardeknud) (1018 – 8 June Henry the Young King ( 28 February 1155 – 11 June 1183) was the second of five sons of Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine Richard I (8 September 1157 &ndash 6 April 1199 was King of England from 6 July 1189 until his death Henry IV (3 April 1367 &ndash 20 March 1413 was King of England and Lord of Ireland (1399&ndash1413 Joan of Navarre (c 1370 Pamplona &ndash 10 June, 1437 Havering-atte-Bower) (French Jeanne de Navarre) was a daughter Mary I (18 February 1516 &ndash 17 November 1558 was Queen of England and Queen of Ireland from 19 July 1553 until her death Philip II (Felipe II de España Filipe I ( May 21, 1527 &ndash September 13 1598) was King of Spain from 1556 until 1598 Jane Austen (16 Jane Austen (16 An aisle is in general a space for walking with rows of seats on either side or with rows of seats on one side and a wall on the other In Romanesque and Gothic Christian Abbey, Cathedral Basilica and church Architecture, the nave is the The original 19th century marker gave reluctant praise for her writing ability. Much later a more descriptive marker about Austen's talent was placed on a nearby wall.
Another attraction of Winchester Cathedral has been its use as the setting for works of fiction from Anthony Trollope's novels of 19th century Church life, Chronicles of Barsetshire for which Winchester Cathedral and the associated Diocese are the setting. Anthony Trollope (April 24 1815 – December 6 1882 became one of the most successful prolific and respected English Novelists of the Victorian era. The "Chronicles of Barsetshire " is a series of six Novels by the English author Anthony Trollope, set in the fictitious Cathedral town In 2005, the building was used as a film-set for the The Da Vinci Code with the north transept used as the Vatican. The Da Vinci Code is a 2006 Feature film, which is based on the bestselling 2003 novel The Da Vinci Code by Dan Brown Vatican City, officially the State of the Vatican City (Stato della Città del Vaticano is a Landlocked sovereign City-state whose territory Following this the cathedral hosted discussions and displays to debunk the book.
In addition Winchester Cathedral is possibly the only cathedral to have had popular songs written about it. "Winchester Cathedral" was a UK top ten hit and a US number one song for The New Vaudeville Band in 1966. " Winchester Cathedral " is a song released in late 1966 by Fontana Records, whereupon it shot to the #1 spot on the Billboard Hot 100 chart The New Vaudeville Band was a group created by Songwriter Geoff Stephens (born 1 October 1934 in New Southgate, North London The cathedral was also the subject of the Crosby, Stills & Nash song, "Cathedral" from their 1977 album CSN. Crosby Stills & Nash ( CSN) is a Folk rock / rock supergroup made up of David Crosby, Stephen Stills and Graham Nash CSN is a Crosby Stills & Nash Album released in 1977 the fifth album by the group and the first without Neil Young since his entry into
In the south transept there is a "Fishermen's Chapel," which is the burial place of Izaak Walton. Full descriptions of the elements of a Gothic floorplan are found at the entry Cathedral diagram. Izaak Walton ( August 9, 1593 - December 15, 1683) was an English writer, author of The Compleat Angler. Walton, who died in 1683, was the author of The Compleat Angler and a friend of John Donne. In the choir is the bell from HMS Iron Duke which was the flagship of Admiral John Jellicoe at the Battle of Jutland in 1916. Three ships of the British Royal Navy have been named HMS Iron Duke after the Duke of Wellington, nicknamed the "Iron Duke" Admiral of the Fleet John Rushworth Jellicoe 1st Earl Jellicoe, GCB, OM, GCVO ( 5 December 1859 &ndash 20 November fix various bugs per WikipediaHow to fix bunched-up edit links -->
The Epiphany Chapel has a series of Pre-Raphaelite stained glass windows designed by Sir Edward Coley Burne-Jones and made in William Morris's workshop. The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood (also known as the Pre-Raphaelites) was a group of English painters Poets, and critics founded in 1848 by For the Blackford Oakes novel see Stained Glass (novel The term stained glass refers either to the material of coloured Glass or to the art Sir Edward Coley Burne-Jones 1st Baronet (28 August 1833 &ndash 17 June 1898 was an English Artist and Designer closely associated with the later William Morris (24 March 1834 – 3 October 1896 was an English Architect, Furniture and Textile designer artist writer and socialist associated The foliage decoration above and below each pictorial panel is unmistakably William Morris and at least one of the figures bears a striking resemblance to Morris's wife Jane, who frequently posed for Dante Gabriel Rossetti and other members of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. William Morris (24 March 1834 – 3 October 1896 was an English Architect, Furniture and Textile designer artist writer and socialist associated Jane Burden ( 19 October 1839 &ndash 26 January 1914) was an English artists' model who embodied the Pre-Raphaelite Dante Gabriel Rossetti (12 May 1828 – 9 April 1882 was an English poet Illustrator, painter and Translator. The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood (also known as the Pre-Raphaelites) was a group of English painters Poets, and critics founded in 1848 by
The crypt, which frequently floods, features a statue by Antony Gormley, called "Sound II", installed in 1986, and there is a modern shrine to Saint Swithun. Antony Gormley OBE RA (born 30 August 1950 is an English sculptor.
A series of nine icons were installed between 1992 and 1996 in the retroquire screen which for a short time protected the relics of St Swithun destroyed by Henry VIII in 1538. This iconostasis in the Russian Orthodox tradition was created by Sergei Fedorov (sometimes spelt Fyodorov) and dedicated in 1997. The icons include the local religious figures St Swithun and St Birinus. Saint Swithun (or Swithin) (died 2 July, 862) was an early English Bishop of Winchester, now best known for the popular British Saint Birinus (c 600–649 venerated as a Saint, was the first Bishop of Dorchester, and the " Apostle to the West Saxons " Beneath the retroquire Icons is the Holy Hole once used by pilgrims to crawl beneath and lie close to the healing shrine of St Swithun. The 'external link' below connects to images of each icon and the retroquire.
The cathedral also possesses the only diatonic ring of 14 church bells in the world, with a tenor (heaviest bell) weighing 36 cwt (or approximately 1. A church bell is a bell which is rung in a (especially Christian) church either to signify the Hour or the time for worshippers to go to Hundred weight or hundredweight is a Unit of measurement for Mass in U 83 metric tonnes).
Choirs
Winchester Cathedral is home to an internationally recognized professional choir of 18 boy choristers and 12 lay clerks. For the musical composition see Chorale. A choir, chorale, or chorus is a Musical ensemble of Singers A lay clerk, also known as a lay vicar, song man or a vicar choral, is a professional adult Singer (or an accomplished amateur in a Cathedral The choir sings eight services weekly in the Cathedral as well as making regular recordings, broadcasts, concerts and international tours. The choir is currently directed by Andrew Lumsden. Andrew Lumsden, (born 1962 has been Organist and Director of Music of Winchester Cathedral Choir since 2002
The Cathedral Girls' Choir was founded in 1998 and sings one service each week alongside the lay clerks. A lay clerk, also known as a lay vicar, song man or a vicar choral, is a professional adult Singer (or an accomplished amateur in a Cathedral
The Nave Choir of Winchester Cathedral is a mixed voluntary choir of around 40 members. Founded in January of 2007 by Jamie W. Hall, the choir sings those services that fall outside those coverved by the Cathedral Choir as well as special services and concerts.
Organ and Organists
Organ
Details of the organ from the National Pipe Organ Register
Organists
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References
- ^ Alec Clifton-Taylor, The Cathedrals of England (Thames & Hudson, 1969)
- ^ Winchester Cathedral, rationale for charging[1]
- ^ Park Honan, Jane Austen: Her Life, St. Martin Neary is an English Organist and Choral conductor. He is a former organist of Winchester Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. David Hill (born on 13 May 1957 in Carlisle, Cumbria) is a choral conductor and Organist. Andrew Lumsden, (born 1962 has been Organist and Director of Music of Winchester Cathedral Choir since 2002 Martin's Press (New York 1987) [ISBN 0-312-01451-1], p. 407.
See also
- Architecture of the medieval cathedrals of England
- English Gothic architecture
- Romanesque architecture
- Church of England
External links
- Official website
- Virtual tour
- Thirty images of Winchester Cathedral with descriptions
- Images of Fedorov's Iconostasis at Winchester Cathedral
- Panorama style image of all statuary on Bishop Fox Chantry Chapel at Winchester Cathedral
- A history of the Pilgrims' School and of the choristers of Winchester Cathedral
- Adrian Fletcher’s Paradoxplace Winchester Cathedral Pages – Photos
- Bell's Cathedrals: The Cathedral Church of Winchester - from Project Gutenberg
- Flickr images tagged Winchester Cathedral
- A walk around Winchester Cathedral
- Photos Winchester Cathedral
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