Willow
Salix × sepulcralis - weeping willow
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Malpighiales Family: Salicaceae Genus: Salix L.
Species
About 350, including: Salix acutifolia - violet willow Salix alaxensis - Alaska willow Salix alba - white willow Salix alpina - alpine willow Salix amygdaloides - peachleaf willow Salix arbuscula - mountain willow Salix arbusculoides - littletree willow Salix arctica - arctic willow Salix atrocinerea Salix aurita - eared willow Salix babylonica - Peking willow Salix bakko Salix barrattiana - Barratt's willow Salix bebbiana - beaked willow Salix boothii - Booth willow Salix bouffordii Salix brachycarpa - barren-ground willow Salix cacuminis Salix canariensis Salix candida - sage willow Salix caprea - goat willow Salix caroliniana - coastal plain willow Salix chaenomeloides Salix chilensis Salix cinerea - grey sallow Salix cordata Salix daphnoides Salix delnortensis Salix discolor - pussy willow Salix eastwoodiae - Eastwood's willow Salix eleagnos Salix eriocarpa Salix eriocephala - heartleaf willow Salix excelsa Salix exigua - sandbar willow Salix foetida Salix fragilis - crack willow Salix futura Salix geyeriana Salix gilgiana Salix glauca Salix gooddingii - Goodding willow Salix gracilistyla Salix hainanica - Hainan willow Salix helvetica - Swiss willow Salix herbacea - dwarf willow Salix hirsuta Salix hookeriana - Hooker's willow Salix hultenii Salix humboldtiana - Chile willow Salix humilis - upland willow Salix integra Salix interior Salix japonica Salix jessoensis Salix koriyanagi Salix kusanoi Salix lanata - woolly willow Salix lapponum - downy willow Salix lasiandra - Pacific willow Salix lasiolepis - Arroyo willow Salix lucida - shining willow Salix magnifica Salix matsudana - Chinese willow Salix miyabeana Salix mucronata Salix myrtilloides - swamp sillow Salix myrsinifolia - dark-leaved willow Salix myrsinites - whortle-leaved willow Salix nakamurana Salix nigra - black willow Salix pedicellaris - bog willow Salix pentandra - bay willow Salix petiolaris - slender willow Salix phylicifolia - tea-leaved willow Salix planifolia- planeleaf willow Salix polaris - polar willow Salix pseudo-argentea Salix purpurea - purple willow Salix pyrifolia - balsam willow Salix reinii Salix repens - creeping willow Salix reticulata - net-leaved willow Salix retusa Salix rorida Salix rosmarinifolia - rosemary-leaved willow Salix rupifraga Salix salicicola Salix schwerinii Salix scouleriana - Scouler's willow Salix sericea - silky willow Salix serissaefolia Salix serissima - autumn willow Salix shiraii Salix sieboldiana Salix sitchensis - Sitka willow Salix subfragilis Salix subopposita Salix taraikensis Salix tetrasperma Salix thorelii Salix triandra - almond willow Salix udensis Salix viminalis - common osier Salix vulpina Salix waldsteiniana Salix wallichiana Salix wilmsii Salix woodii Salix yezoalpina Salix yoshinoi

Willows, sallows and osiers form the genus Salix, around 400 species^[1] of deciduous trees and shrubs, found primarily on moist soils in cold and temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group Dicotyledons, or "dicots", is a name for a group of Flowering plants whose Seed typically has two embryonic leaves or Cotyledons There The Malpighiales are a large order of Flowering plants included in the group named Eurosids I in the recent APG classification Salicaceae is a family of Flowering plants Recent genetic studies by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG has greatly expanded the circumscription Carl Linnaeus (Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as, May 23 new style (13 May old style 1707 who laid the foundations for White Willow redirects here See White Willow (band for the Norwegian band White Willow redirects here See White Willow (band for the Norwegian band Salix amygdaloides ( Peachleaf Willow) is a species of Willow native to southern Canada and the United States, from Quebec Salix amygdaloides ( Peachleaf Willow) is a species of Willow native to southern Canada and the United States, from Quebec Salix arctica ( Arctic Willow) is a tiny creeping Willow (family Salicaceae) Salix arctica ( Arctic Willow) is a tiny creeping Willow (family Salicaceae) Salix aurita is a species of Willow distributed over much of Europe. Salix aurita is a species of Willow distributed over much of Europe. Salix babylonica ( Peking Willow or Babylon Willow) is a species of Willow native to dry areas of northern China, but cultivated Salix bakko is a species of Willow native to mountains of Japan. Willows, sallows and osiers form the Genus Salix, around 400 species of Deciduous Trees and Shrubs found primarily Salix canariensis is a species of Willow native to the islands of Madeira and Canaries. Salix caprea ( Goat Willow, also known as the Pussy Willow or Great Sallow) is a common species of Willow native to Europe Salix caprea ( Goat Willow, also known as the Pussy Willow or Great Sallow) is a common species of Willow native to Europe Salix caroliniana, commonly known as the coastal plain willow, is a shrub or small tree native to the southeastern United States, Mexico Salix chaenomeloides is a species of Willow native to Japan, Korea and China. Salix cinerea ( Grey Willow; also occasionally Grey Sallow is a species of Willow native to Europe and western Asia. Salix cinerea ( Grey Willow; also occasionally Grey Sallow is a species of Willow native to Europe and western Asia. Salix delnortensis is a species of Willow. Salix discolor ( American Willow) is a species of Willow native to North America, one of two species commonly called Pussy Willow Pussy willow is a name given to many of the smaller species of the Genus Salix (willows and sallows when their furry Catkins are young in early Salix eriocarpa is a species of Willow native to wet lowlands of Japan. Salix exigua ( Sandbar Willow, Narrowleaf Willow, or Coyote Willow; syn Salix fragilis ( Crack Willow) is a species of Willow native to Europe and western Asia, usually growing beside rivers Salix futura is a species of Willow native to central Japan. It is a Deciduous large shrub reaching a height of 2 m Salix gilgiana is a species of Willow native to Japan and Korea. Salix gracilistyla is a species of Willow native to Japan, Korea and China known in English as Rosegold Pussy Willow Salix herbacea ( Dwarf Willow, Least Willow or Snowbed Willow) is a species of tiny creeping Willow (family Salicaceae Salix herbacea ( Dwarf Willow, Least Willow or Snowbed Willow) is a species of tiny creeping Willow (family Salicaceae Salix hultenii is a species of Willow native to Hokkaidō ( Japan) Kuriles, Sakhalin and Kamchatka ( Salix integra ( Chinese: 杞柳 qi liu; Japanese: イヌコリヤナギ inukoriyanagi; syn Salix exigua ( Sandbar Willow, Narrowleaf Willow, or Coyote Willow; syn Salix japonica is a species of Willow native to hills and mountains of central Honshū ( Japan) Salix jessoensis is a species of Willow native to Japan. It is a Deciduous tree reaching a height of 15-20 m Salix koriyanagi is a species of Willow native to Korea. Salix koriyanagi can reach a height of 2-3 m Salix kusanoi is a species of Willow in the family Salicaceae. Salix lanata is a species of Willow native to Tundra regions over much of the Circumboreal Region. Salix lanata is a species of Willow native to Tundra regions over much of the Circumboreal Region. Salix lucida ( Shining Willow, Pacific Willow, or Whiplash Willow) is a species of Willow native to northern and western Salix lucida ( Shining Willow, Pacific Willow, or Whiplash Willow) is a species of Willow native to northern and western Salix lasiolepis ( Arroyo Willow) is a species of Willow native to western and southwestern North America, in the United States Salix lasiolepis ( Arroyo Willow) is a species of Willow native to western and southwestern North America, in the United States Salix lucida ( Shining Willow, Pacific Willow, or Whiplash Willow) is a species of Willow native to northern and western Salix lucida ( Shining Willow, Pacific Willow, or Whiplash Willow) is a species of Willow native to northern and western Salix magnifica is a species of Willow in the family Salicaceae. Salix matsudana ( Chinese Willow) is a species of Willow native to northwestern China. Salix matsudana ( Chinese Willow) is a species of Willow native to northwestern China. Salix miyabeana is a species of Willow native to northern Japan. Salix myrtilloides ( Swamp Willow) is a Willow native to Boglands in cool temperate to subarctic regions of northeastern Europe Salix myrsinifolia (syn S nigricans Smith is a species of Willow native to Europe and Western Siberia. Salix myrsinifolia (syn S nigricans Smith is a species of Willow native to Europe and Western Siberia. Salix nakamurana ( Japanese: renge-iwa-yanagi) is a rare species of Willow native to alpine slopes of central Japan. Salix nigra ( Black Willow) is a species of Willow native to eastern North America, from New Brunswick and southern Ontario Salix pentandra ( Bay Willow) is a species of Willow native to northern Europe and northern Asia. Salix pentandra ( Bay Willow) is a species of Willow native to northern Europe and northern Asia. Salix phylicifolia is a species of Willow native to Europe and Western Siberia. Salix phylicifolia is a species of Willow native to Europe and Western Siberia. Salix polaris ( Polar Willow) is a species of Willow with a Circumpolar distribution in the high Arctic Tundra, extending Salix polaris ( Polar Willow) is a species of Willow with a Circumpolar distribution in the high Arctic Tundra, extending Salix purpurea ( Purple Willow or Purple Osier) is a species of Willow native to most of Europe and western Asia north Salix reinii is a species of Willow native to Japan and southern Kuriles ( Russia) The Net-leaved Willow or Salix reticulata is a dwarf willow occurring in the colder parts of Northern Europe, Greenland, North America Salix rorida is a species of Willow native to Japan, northern China, Korea and the Russian Far East. Salix rupifraga is a species of Willow native to mountains of Honshū ( Japan) Salix schwerinii is a species of Willow native to Northeastern Asia (from Kolyma to Northeastern China) Salix scouleriana ( Scouler's Willow; syn S brachystachys Benth Salix serissaefolia is a species of Willow native to central Japan. Salix shiraii is a species of Willow native to mountains of central Honshū ( Japan) Salix sieboldiana is a species of Willow native to Kyūshū ( Japan) Salix subfragilis is a species of Willow native to Japan, Korea, Russian Far East and northern China. Salix subopposita is a species of Willow native to southern Japan and Quelpaert Island in South Korea. Salix taraikensis is a species of Willow native to Hokkaidō ( Japan) and Sakhalin ( Russia) Salix tetrasperma, commonly called Indian Willow, is a medium sized tree of wet and swampy places shedding the leaves at the end of Monsoon season Salix triandra ( Almond Willow or Almond-leaved Willow) is a species of Willow native to Europe and western and central Asia Salix triandra ( Almond Willow or Almond-leaved Willow) is a species of Willow native to Europe and western and central Asia Salix udensis (syn S sachalinensis FSchmidt is a species of Willow native to northeastern Asia, in eastern Siberia (including Salix viminalis ( Common Osier or Osier) is a species of Willow ( Salix) native to Europe and western Asia Salix vulpina is a species of Willow native to Japan and southern Kuriles ( Russia) Salix yezoalpina is a species of Willow native to alpine slopes of Hokkaidō, Japan. Salix yoshinoi ( Japanese: yoshino-yanagi) is a species of Willow native to central Japan. A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic Botany Autumn leaf color. See --> In Botany and Horticulture, deciduous Plants, including A tree is a perennial Woody plant. It is most often defined as a woody plant that has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground on a single main stem or A shrub or Bush is a horticultural rather than strictly botanical category of Woody plant, distinguished from a Tree Soil, often typeset as SOiL, is a four piece rock band from Chicago Illinois United States founded by Shaun Glass Tom Schofield Tim King and Adam Zadel Northern Hemisphere is the half of a Planet that is North of the Equator —the word hemisphere literally means 'half ball' Most species are known as willow, but some narrow-leaved shrub species are called osier, and some broader-leaved species are called sallow (the latter name is derived from the Latin word salix, willow). Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Some willows (particularly arctic and alpine species), are low-growing or creeping shrubs; for example the dwarf willow (Salix herbacea) rarely exceeds 6 cm in height, though spreading widely across the ground. The Arctic is the Region around the Earth 's North Pole, opposite the Antarctic region around the South Pole. For the climate of the mountains named the Alps, see Climate of the Alps. Salix herbacea ( Dwarf Willow, Least Willow or Snowbed Willow) is a species of tiny creeping Willow (family Salicaceae

Willows are very cross-fertile and numerous hybrids occur, both naturally and in cultivation. In Biology, hybrid has two meanings The first meaning is the result of interbreeding between two animals or plants of different taxa. A well known example is the weeping willow (Salix × sepulcralis), very widely planted as an ornamental tree, which is a hybrid of a Chinese species and a European species – Peking willow and white willow. Ornamental plants are typically grown in the flower Garden or as House plants Most commonly they are grown for the display of their Flowers Other common China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Salix babylonica ( Peking Willow or Babylon Willow) is a species of Willow native to dry areas of northern China, but cultivated White Willow redirects here See White Willow (band for the Norwegian band

Contents 1 Description 1.1 Flowers 1.2 Fruit 2 Cultivation 3 Ecological issues 4 Uses 4.1 Medicinal uses 4.2 Other uses 5 Willow in human culture 5.1 In literature 6 Pictures 7 See also 8 External links 9 References

Description

The willows all have abundant watery sap, bark which is heavily charged with salicylic acid, soft, usually pliant, tough wood, slender branches and large, fibrous, often stoloniferous roots. Salicylic acid (from the Latin word for the willow tree Salix, from whose bark it can be obtained is a Beta hydroxy acid (BHA with the formula The roots are remarkable for their toughness, size, and tenacity of life, and roots readily grow from aerial parts of the plant.

The leaves are typically elongated but may also be round to oval, frequently with a serrated margin. In Botany, a leaf is an above-ground Plant organ specialized for Photosynthesis. All the buds are lateral; no absolutely terminal bud is ever formed. The buds are covered by a single scale, enclosing at its base two minute opposite buds, alternately arranged, with two, small, scale-like, fugacious, opposite leaves. The leaves are alternate, except the first pair which fall when about an inch long. They are simple, feather-veined, and typically linear-lanceolate. Usually they are serrate, rounded at base, acute or acuminate. The leaf petioles are short, the stipules often very conspicuous, looking like tiny round leaves and sometimes remaining for half the summer. On some species, however, they are small, inconspicuous, and fugacious (soon falling). In color the leaves show a great variety of greens, ranging from yellowish to blueish.

Flowers

Willows are dioecious with male and female flowers appearing as catkins on different plants; the catkins are produced early in the spring, often before the leaves, or as the new leaves open. Plant sexuality covers the wide variety of Sexual reproduction systems found across the Plant kingdom A flower, also known as a bloom or Blossom, is the reproductive structure found in Flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also A catkin or ament is a slim cylindrical flower cluster with inconspicuous or no petals usually Wind - pollinated ( anemophilous) but sometimes

The staminate (male) flowers are without either calyx or corolla; they consist simply of stamens, varying in number from two to ten, accompanied by a nectariferous gland and inserted on the base of a scale which is itself borne on the rachis of a drooping raceme called a catkin, or ament. A petal (from Ancient Greek petalon "leaf" "thin plate" regarded as a highly modified leaf is one member or part of the corolla This scale is oval and entire and very hairy. The anthers are rose colored in the bud but orange or purple after the flower opens, they are two-celled and the cells open longitudinally. The filaments are threadlike, usually pale yellow, and often hairy.

The pistillate (female) flowers are also without calyx or corolla; and consist of a single ovary accompanied by a small flat nectar gland and inserted on the base of a scale which is likewise borne on the rachis of a catkin. The ovary is one-celled, the style two-lobed, and the ovules numerous.

Fruit

The fruit is a small, one-celled, two-valved, cylindrical beaked capsule containing numerous tiny (0. The term fruit has different meanings dependent on context and the term is not synonymous in Food preparation and Biology. In Botany a capsule is a type of simple dry Fruit produced by many species of Flowering plants A capsule is a dehiscent structure composed of two 1 mm) seeds. A seed (in some plants referred to as a kernel) is a small embryonic Plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat usually with some stored The seeds are furnished with long, silky, white hairs, which allow the fruit to be widely dispersed by the wind.

Cultivation

Almost all willows take root very readily from cuttings or where broken branches lie on the ground. There are a few exceptions, including the goat willow and peachleaf willow. Salix caprea ( Goat Willow, also known as the Pussy Willow or Great Sallow) is a common species of Willow native to Europe Salix amygdaloides ( Peachleaf Willow) is a species of Willow native to southern Canada and the United States, from Quebec One famous example of such growth from cuttings involves the poet Alexander Pope, who begged a twig from a parcel tied with twigs sent from Spain to Lady Suffolk. Alexander Pope (21 May 1688 – 30 May 1744 is generally regarded as the greatest English Poet of the eighteenth century best known for his Satirical This twig was planted and thrived, and legend has it that all of England's weeping willows are descended from this first one. ^[2]

Willows are often planted on the borders of streams so that their interlacing roots may protect the bank against the action of the water. Frequently the roots are much larger than the stem which grows from them.

Ecological issues

Willows are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species - see list of Lepidoptera that feed on willows. A larva ( Latin; plural larvae) is a juvenile form of Animal with indirect development, undergoing Metamorphosis (for example Lepidoptera is an order of Insect that includes Moths and butterflies. Willows ( Salix spp are used as food plants by the Larvae ( Caterpillars of a large number of Lepidoptera species including the following

A number of willow species were widely planted in Australia, notably as erosion control measures along watercourses. They are now regarded as an invasive weed and many catchment management authorities are removing them to be replaced with native trees. WEED (1390 AM) is a Radio station broadcasting a Spanish format ^[3][4]

Uses

Medicinal uses

The leaves and bark of the willow tree have been mentioned in ancient texts from Assyria, Sumer and Egypt^[5] as a remedy for aches and fever,^[6] and the Ancient Greek physician Hippocrates wrote about its medicinal properties in the 5th century BC. Early history The most Neolithic site in Assyria is at Tell Hassuna, the center of the Hassuna culture Sumer ( Sumerian: sux-Latn [[Ki (earth ki]]-[[EN (cuneiform en]]-'''ĝir15''', Akkadian: Šumeru; possibly Biblical Shinar Ancient Egypt was an Ancient Civilization in eastern North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now Fever (also known as pyrexia, from the Greek pyretos meaning fire or a febrile response, from the Latin word Febris The term ancient Greece refers to the period of Greek history lasting from the Greek Dark Ages ca Hippocrates of Cos II or Hippokrates of Kos ( ca. 460 BC – ca The 5th century BC started the first day of 500 BC and ended the last day of 401 BC. Native Americans across the American continent relied on it as a staple of their medical treatments. For indigenous peoples in the United States other than Hawaii and Alaska see also Native Americans in the United States. This is because they contain salicylic acid, the precursor to aspirin. Salicylic acid (from the Latin word for the willow tree Salix, from whose bark it can be obtained is a Beta hydroxy acid (BHA with the formula

In 1763 its medicinal properties were observed by the Reverend Edward Stone in England. Reverend Edward (Edmund Stone (1702-1768 was a Church of England Reverend who discovered the active ingredient of Aspirin. He notified the Royal Society who published his findings. The Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge, known simply as The Royal Society, is a Learned society for science that was founded in 1660 The active extract of the bark, called salicin, was isolated to its crystalline form in 1828 by Henri Leroux, a French pharmacist, and Raffaele Piria, an Italian chemist, who then succeeded in separating out the acid in its pure state. Salicin (C13H18O7 is an alcoholic β- Glycoside that contains D-glucose. Salicin is acidic when in a saturated solution in water (pH = 2. In Chemistry, saturation has five different meanings In Physical chemistry, saturation is the point at which a Solution of a substance 4), and is called salicylic acid for that reason. Salicylic acid (from the Latin word for the willow tree Salix, from whose bark it can be obtained is a Beta hydroxy acid (BHA with the formula

In 1897 Felix Hoffmann created a synthetically altered version of salicin (in his case derived from the Spiraea plant), which caused less digestive upset than pure salicylic acid. Felix Hoffmann ( January 21, 1868 &ndash February 8, 1946) was a German Chemist, who first synthesized medically useful For the European and west Asian herb see Meadowsweet. Spiraea (Meadowsweet is a genus of about 80-100 species The new drug, formally Acetylsalicylic acid, was named aspirin by Hoffmann's employer Bayer AG. Aspirin, or acetylsalicylic acid (ASA (əˌsɛtɨlsælɨˌsɪlɨk ˈæsɨd is a Salicylate drug, often used as an Analgesic to relieve Aspirin, or acetylsalicylic acid (ASA (əˌsɛtɨlsælɨˌsɪlɨk ˈæsɨd is a Salicylate drug, often used as an Analgesic to relieve For other uses see Bayer (disambiguation or Beyer or Buyer. Bayer AG (German ˈbaɪə () is a German This gave rise to the hugely important class of drugs known as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, usually abbreviated to NSAID s or NAID s, are drugs with Analgesic, Antipyretic and in higher

Other uses

As a plant 

Agroforestry, biofiltration, constructed wetlands, ecological wastewater treatment systems, hedges, land reclamation, landscaping, phytoremediation, streambank stabilisation (bioengineering), slope stabilisation, soil erosion control, shelterbelt & windbreak, soil building, soil reclamation, tree bog compost toilet, wildlife habitat

Agriculture 

Willow bark contains auxins: plant growth hormones, especially those used for rooting new cuttings. Biofiltration is a Pollution control technique using living material to capture and biologically degrade process pollutants A constructed wetland or wetpark is an artificial Marsh or Swamp, created for anthropogenic discharge such as Wastewater, Stormwater Ecology (from Greek grc οἶκος oikos, "house(hold" and grc -λογία -logia) is the scientific study of Distinguish from Wastwater (a lake in the Lake District in northwest England Land reclamation is either of two distinct practices One involves creating new land from sea- or riverbeds the other refers to restoring an area to a more natural state (such as after Landscaping refers to any activity that modifies the visible features of an area of land including but not limited to living elements, such as Phytoremediation describes the treatment of environmental problems ( Bioremediation) through the use of Plants The word's etymology comes from Bioengineering (also known as Biological Engineering is the application of Engineering principles to address challenges in the fields of Biology and Medicine Slope is used to describe the steepness incline gradient or grade of a straight line. Soil, often typeset as SOiL, is a four piece rock band from Chicago Illinois United States founded by Shaun Glass Tom Schofield Tim King and Adam Zadel Erosion is the carrying away or displacement of solids ( Sediment, Soil, rock and other particles usually by the agents of currents such as wind A windbreak or shelterbelt is a Plantation usually made up of one or more rows of Trees or Shrubs planted in such a manner as to provide shelter Soil, often typeset as SOiL, is a four piece rock band from Chicago Illinois United States founded by Shaun Glass Tom Schofield Tim King and Adam Zadel A Treebog is a form of Compost toilet which has Willows Nettles and other nutrient-hungry plants planted around it Wildlife includes all non-domesticated plants animals and other organisms A habitat (which is Latin for "it inhabits" is an Ecological or environmental area that is inhabited by a particular Species. Auxins are a class of Plant growth substance (often called Phytohormone or Plant hormone) The bark can even be used to make a simple extract that will promote cutting growth.

Energy source 

Charcoal, energy forestry such as the Willow Biomass Project

Wood 

Boxes, brooms, cricket bats (grown from certain strains of white willow), cradle boards, chairs and other furniture, dolls, flutes, poles, sweat lodges, toys, turnery, tool handles, veneer, wands, whistles

Wicker (often from osiers)

Basket weaving, fish traps, wattle fences, wattle and daub

Other wood-derived products

Fibre plants, paper, rope and string, tannin

Art

Willow charcoal (for drawing), living sculpture

Religion 

As one of the "Four Species" used in a ceremony on the Jewish holiday of Sukkot. Charcoal' is the blackish residue consisting of impure Carbon obtained by removing water and other volatile constituents from Animal and Vegetation Energy forestry is a form of forestry in which a fast-growing species of tree or woody shrub is grown specifically to provide Biofuel for heating or power generation The Willow Biomass Project is a collaborative effort by members of the Salix Consortium to grow Willow and other sustainable woody crops in upstate New York Elaborate wood box Tom TanakaJPG|thumb|An elaborate wooden box]] Box describes a variety of containers and receptacles A broom is a Cleaning Tool consisting of stiff fibres attached to and roughly parallel to a cylindrical handle, the broomstick. A cricket bat is used by batsmen in the sport of Cricket. It is usually made of Willow wood White Willow redirects here See White Willow (band for the Norwegian band A chair is a kind of Furniture for Sitting, consisting of a back and sometimes arm rests commonly for use by one person A doll is an object that represents a baby or other human being but includes likenesses of animals and imaginary creatures The willow flute, also known as sallow flute (seljefløyte sälgflöjt or sälgpipa, pitkähuilu or pajupilli) is a Scandinavian folk Flute Polymerase (DNA directed epsilon, also known as POLE, is a human Gene. The sweat lodge (also called sweat house, medicine lodge, or medicine house) is a ceremonial Sauna and an important ritual used by This article is about playthings For other uses of the term see Toy (disambiguation. WAND is an NBC affiliate serving the Decatur&ndash Springfield &ndash Champaign area A simple whistle is a Woodwind instrument which produces Sound from a stream of forced air Wicker is hard woven Fiber formed into a useful object Wicker is usually used for Baskets or Furniture. Basket weaving (also basketry, basket making, or basketmaking) is the process of Weaving unspun Vegetable Fibers into Fish are aquatic Vertebrate animals that are typically ectothermic (previously Cold-blooded) covered with scales, and equipped with two A fence is a freestanding structure designed to restrict or prevent movement across a boundary Wattle and daub (or wattle-and-daub) is a Building material used for making walls in which a woven lattice of wooden strips called wattle is daubed Fiber or fibre is a class of Materials that are continuous filaments or are in discrete elongated pieces similar to lengths of thread. Paper is thin material mainly used for writing upon printing upon or packaging A rope is a length of Fibers twisted or Braided together to improve strength for pulling and Connecting. Tannins are Astringent, bitter plant Polyphenols that either bind and Precipitate or shrink Proteins The astringency from the tannins is what Charcoal' is the blackish residue consisting of impure Carbon obtained by removing water and other volatile constituents from Animal and Vegetation The Four Species ( Hebrew: ארבעת המינים, Arba'at Ha-Minim, also called Arba Minim) are three types of branches and one type of fruit Judaism (from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, derived from the Hebrew יהודה Yehudah, " Judah " in Hebrew יַהֲדוּת Yahedut Sukkot ( also known as Succoth, Sukkos, Feast of Booths or Feast of Tabernacles) is a Biblical Pilgrimage Also the willow is one of the nine sacred trees mentioned in wicca and witchcraft, with several magical uses. Witchcraft, in various historical anthropological religious and mythological contexts is the use of certain kinds of Supernatural or magical powers

Willow in human culture

The willow is a famous subject in many East Asian nations' cultures particularily painting (pen and ink) in china and japan.

Gisaeng Hongrang, who lived in the middle of the Joseon period, wrote:

like willow I will be the willow on your bedside. Kisaeng (also spelled gisaeng) sometimes called ginyeo (기녀 were female Korean entertainers

Hongrang wrote this poem by the willow in the rain in the evening which she gave to her parting lover^[7] .

In English folklore, a willow tree is believed to be quite sinister, capable of uprooting itself and stalking travellers.

Willow trees are quite prevalent in folklore and myths^{[8] [9]}.

In literature

Hans Christian Andersen wrote a story called Under The Willow Tree (1853) in which children ask questions of a tree they call 'willow-father', paired with another entity called 'elder-mother'. Hans Christian Andersen (ˈhanˀs ˈkʰʁæʂd̥jan ˈɑnɐsn̩ in Danish or simply H

Green Willow is a Japanese ghost story in which a young samurai falls in love with a woman called Green Willow who has a close spiritual connection with a willow tree. "Kwaidan" redirects here For the book by Lafcadio Hearn see Kwaidan Stories and Studies of Strange Things. The Willow Wife is another, not dissimilar tale. Wisdom of the Willow Tree is an Osage Nation story in which a young man seeks answers from a Willow tree, addressing the tree in conversation as 'Grandfather'. The Osage Nation is a tribe in the United States, which is mainly based in Osage County Oklahoma, but can be found throughout America

In JK Rowling's Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, and Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, there is an ancient tree on the school grounds of Hogwarts called the Whomping Willow. Joanne "Jo" Rowling OBE (born 31 July 1965 who writes under the Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry is a setting in J K Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry is a setting in J K It is provided as a hiding spot of a secret passageway that Professor Remus Lupin roamed through every full moon when he began his transformation into a werewolf. The Order of the Phoenix is a fictional Organisation in the Harry Potter series of books written by J See also Lycanthropy (disambiguation Werewolves, also known as lycanthropes, are mythological or folkloric humans with the ability to

Also, in William Shakespeare's Hamlet, the character Ophelia climbed a Willow tree when a branch broke and dropped her into the river below where she drowned. William Shakespeare ( baptised Hamlet is a Tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1599 and 1601

Pictures

Weeping willow (Salix × sepulcralis) in Auckland, New Zealand	Dwarf willow (Salix herbacea), Sweden	Willow catkin (Salix discolor)	Sallow catkin (Salix caprea)
Willow leaves (Salix × sepulcralis)	Willow tree in a painting by Chinese artist Li Di, 12th century, Song Dynasty. The Auckland metropolitan area or Greater Auckland, in the North Island of New Zealand, is the largest and most populous urban area in the country New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Salix discolor ( American Willow) is a species of Willow native to North America, one of two species commonly called Pussy Willow Salix caprea ( Goat Willow, also known as the Pussy Willow or Great Sallow) is a common species of Willow native to Europe The Song Dynasty ( Wade-Giles: Sung Ch'ao was a ruling dynasty in China between 960&ndash1279 CE it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms	Salix discolor used in a decorative arrangement outside a hotel in Boston, Massachusetts. Salix discolor ( American Willow) is a species of Willow native to North America, one of two species commonly called Pussy Willow Floristry is the general term used to describe the professional floral trade A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging usually on a short-term basis

See also

• Willow-herb is the common name of several species of Epilobium
• Seep willow is the common name of Baccharis salicifolia
• Aravah, the Hebrew name of the willow, for its ritual use during the Jewish Feast of Tabernacles
• Pyongyang, city of willow, North Korea's capital
• Willow pattern a traditional porcelain design

External links

• Salix alba at plants for a future
• Salix purpurea at plants for a future
• 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica (but see this)
• Salix caroliniana images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu
• Salix nigra images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu

References

• Keeler, Harriet L. (1900). Our Native Trees and How to Identify Them. New York: Charles Scriber's Sons, 393-395.  
• Newsholme, C. (1992). Willows: The Genus Salix. ISBN 0-88192-565-9
• Warren-Wren, S. C. (1992). The Complete Book of Willows. ISBN 0-498-01262-X

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