William Wordsworth
Born	April 7, 1770(1770-04-07) Cockermouth, England, UK
Died	April 23, 1850 (aged 80) Ambleside, England, UK
Occupation	Poet
Literary movement	Romanticism
Influences John Milton, Henry Vaughan, David Hartley, Samuel Coleridge, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, William Shakespeare, John "Walking" Stewart, Charlotte Smith
Influenced John Stuart Mill, Matthew Arnold, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Leslie Stephen, Wilfred Owen, Ezra Pound, Robert Frost, W.B. Yeats, George Byron, 6th Baron Byron, John Millington Synge

William Wordsworth (April 7, 1770 – April 23, 1850) was a major English romantic poet who, with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped launch the Romantic Age in English literature with their 1798 joint publication, Lyrical Ballads. Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor Year 1770 ( MDCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Friday Cockermouth is a town within the Allerdale borough of Cumbria, England, and is so named because it is at the confluence of the River Cocker England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Events 215 BC - A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at For the game see 1850 (board game. 1850 ( MDCCCL) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link Ambleside is a Town in Cumbria, in north-west England.It is situated at the head of Windermere, England's largest lake Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. A poet is a person who writes Poetry. Etymology From the Ancient greek: ποιέω, poieō: "I make or compose" This is a list of modern literary movements: that is movements after the Renaissance. Romanticism is a complex artistic literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the John Milton ( 9 December, 1608 – 8 November, 1674) was an English Poet, Prose Polemicist and Henry Vaughan ( April 17, 1622 − April 28, 1695) was a Welsh Metaphysical poet and a Doctor David Hartley may refer to David Hartley (philosopher (1705-1757 English philosopher David Hartley (the Younger (1731-1813 son of the Samuel Taylor Coleridge ( 21 October 1772 &ndash 25 July 1834) was an English Poet, Critic and philosopher ˈjoːhan ˈvɔlfgaŋ fɔn ˈgøːtə (in English generally ˈgɝːtə 28 August 1749 22 March 1832 was a German writer William Shakespeare ( baptised John "Walking" Stewart ( 19 February 1747 &ndash 20 February 1822) was an English traveller and philosopher Charlotte Turner Smith (4 May 1749 - 28 October 1806 was an English Poet and Novelist whose works have been credited with influencing Jane Austen John Stuart Mill (20 May 1806 &ndash 8 May 1873 British Philosopher, political economist, civil servant and Member of Parliament, was an influential Matthew Arnold (24 December 1822 &ndash 15 April 1888 was an English Poet, and Cultural critic who worked as an inspector of schools Ralph Waldo Emerson (May 25 1803 &ndash April 27 1882 was an American essayist philosopher poet and leader of the Transcendentalist movement in the early 19th century Sir Leslie Stephen, KCB (28 November 1832 &ndash 22 February 1904 was an English author critic and mountaineer and the father of Virginia Woolf and Wilfred Edward Salter Owen MC (18 March 1893 &ndash 4 November 1918 was an English Poet and Soldier, regarded by many as one of the leading Ezra Weston Loomis Pound ( Hailey, Idaho Territory, United States October 30 1885 – Venice, Italy November 1 1972 was an American Expatriate Robert Lee Frost (March 26 1874 &ndash January 29 1963 was an American Poet. Edmund John Millington Synge ( (16 April 1871 – 24 March 1909 was an Irish Playwright, Poet, Prose writer and collector of Folklore. Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor Year 1770 ( MDCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Friday Events 215 BC - A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at For the game see 1850 (board game. 1850 ( MDCCCL) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Romanticism largely began as a reaction against the prevailing Enlightenment ideals of the day Samuel Taylor Coleridge ( 21 October 1772 &ndash 25 July 1834) was an English Poet, Critic and philosopher Romanticism is a complex artistic literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the The term English literature refers to Literature written in the English language, including literature composed in English by Writers not necessarily from Lyrical Ballads with a Few Other Poems is a collection of poems by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, first published in 1798 it is typically

Wordsworth's masterpiece is generally considered to be The Prelude, an autobiographical poem of his early years which the poet revised and expanded a number of times. The Prelude is an autobiographical "philosophical" Poem in Blank verse by the English poet William Wordsworth. The work was posthumously titled and published, prior to which it was generally known as the poem "to Coleridge". Wordsworth was England's Poet Laureate from 1843 until his death in 1850. A Poet Laureate is a Poet officially appointed by a government and is often expected to compose poems for State occasions and other government events

Contents 1 Biography 1.1 Early life and education 1.2 Relationship with Annette Vallon 1.3 First publication and Lyrical Ballads 1.4 Germany and move to the Lake District 1.5 Marriage and Children 1.6 Autobiographical work and Poems in Two Volumes 1.7 The Prospectus 1.8 The Poet Laureate and other honours 1.9 Death 2 Major works 3 Notes 4 Sources 5 External links 5.1 General information and biographical sketches 5.2 Wordsworth's works

Biography

Early life and education

The second of five children born to John Wordsworth and Ann Cookson, William Wordsworth was born April 7, 1770 in Cockermouth in Cumberland— part of the scenic region in north-west England, the Lake District. Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor Year 1770 ( MDCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Friday Cockermouth is a town within the Allerdale borough of Cumbria, England, and is so named because it is at the confluence of the River Cocker Cumberland is one of the 39 Historic counties of England. It formed an administrative county from 1889 to 1974 (excluding Carlisle from 1915 and now forms part of The Lake District, also known as The Lakes or Lakeland, is a rural area in North West England. His sister, the poet and diarist Dorothy Wordsworth, to whom he was close all his life, was born the following year. Dorothy Mae Ann Wordsworth ( December 25, 1771 – January 25, 1855) was an English Author, Poet and After the death of their mother in 1778, their father sent William to Hawkshead Grammar School and sent Dorothy to live with relatives in Yorkshire. Hawkshead Grammar School in Hawkshead, Cumbria, England was founded in 1585 by Archbishop Edwin Sandys, of York who petitioned a She and William did not meet again for another nine years. His father died when he was 13. ^[1]

Wordsworth began attending St John's College, Cambridge in 1787, maintained by his maternal grandparents. St John's College, an institution known formally as The Master Fellows and Scholars of the College of St John the Evangelist in the University of Cambridge is a He returned to Hawkshead for his first two summer holidays, and often spent later holidays on walking tours, visiting places famous for the beauty of their landscape. In 1790, he took a nearly 3000 mile walking tour of Europe, during which he toured the Alps extensively, and also visited nearby areas of France, Switzerland, and Italy. It is also said that he visited China to learn the language of the Samurai, but sources are inconclusive. The following year, he graduated from Cambridge without distinction. His youngest brother, Christopher, rose to be Master of Trinity College. Christopher Wordsworth ( June 9, 1774 &ndash February 2, 1846) was an English divine and scholar Trinity College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. ^[2]

Relationship with Annette Vallon

In November 1791, Wordsworth visited Revolutionary France and became enthralled with the Republican movement. He fell in love with a French woman, Annette Vallon, who in 1792 gave birth to their child, Caroline. Because of lack of money and Britain's tensions with France, he returned alone to England the next year. ^[3] The circumstances of his return and his subsequent behaviour raise doubts as to his declared wish to marry Annette but he supported her and his daughter as best he could in later life. During this period, he wrote his acclaimed "It is a beauteous evening, calm and free," recalling his seaside walk with his daughter, whom he had not seen for ten years. At the conception of this poem, he had never seen his daughter before. The occurring lines reveal his deep love for both child and mother. The Reign of Terror estranged him from the Republican movement, and war between France and Britain prevented him from seeing Annette and Caroline again for several years. Saint justjpg|thumbnail|200px| Louis Antoine Léon de Saint-Just]] The Reign of Terror' (5 September 1793 &ndash 28 July 1794 or simply The Terror (la Terreur was There are also strong suggestions that Wordsworth may have been depressed and emotionally unsettled in the mid 1790s.

With the Peace of Amiens again allowing travel to France, in 1802 Wordsworth and his sister, Dorothy visited Annette and Caroline in France and arrived at a mutually agreeable settlement regarding Wordsworth's obligations. The Treaty of Amiens temporarily ended the hostilities between France and the United Kingdom during the French Revolutionary Wars. ^[3]

First publication and Lyrical Ballads

In his "Preface to Lyrical Ballads" which is called the 'manifest' of English Romantic criticism, Wordsworth calls his poems ' Experimental'. 1793 saw Wordsworth's first published poetry with the collections An Evening Walk and Descriptive Sketches. He received a legacy of £900 from Raisley Calvert in 1795 so that he could pursue writing poetry. That year, he also met Samuel Taylor Coleridge in Somerset. Samuel Taylor Coleridge ( 21 October 1772 &ndash 25 July 1834) was an English Poet, Critic and philosopher Somerset ( or) is a county in south west England The County town is Taunton, which is in the south of the county The two poets quickly developed a close friendship. In 1797, Wordsworth and his sister, Dorothy, moved to Alfoxton House, Somerset, just a few miles away from Coleridge's home in Nether Stowey. Dorothy Mae Ann Wordsworth ( December 25, 1771 – January 25, 1855) was an English Author, Poet and Alfoxton House, also known as Alfoxton Park, was built as an 18th century country house in Holford, Somerset, England, within the Quantock Nether Stowey is a small village in the Sedgemoor district of Somerset, South West England. Together, Wordsworth and Coleridge (with insights from Dorothy) produced Lyrical Ballads (1798), an important work in the English Romantic movement. Lyrical Ballads with a Few Other Poems is a collection of poems by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, first published in 1798 it is typically Events Works published Samuel Taylor Coleridge and William Wordsworth - Lyrical Ballads (published anonymously includes Romanticism is a complex artistic literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the The volume had neither the name of Wordsworth nor Coleridge as the author. One of Wordsworth's most famous poems, "Tintern Abbey", was published in the work, along with Coleridge's "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner". "Lines composed a few miles above Tintern Abbey on revisiting the banks of the Wye during a tour July 13 1798" (often abbreviated to Tintern Abbey or Lines The Rime of the Ancient Mariner (original The Rime of the Ancyent Marinere) is the longest major Poem by the English Poet The second edition, published in 1800, had only Wordsworth listed as the author, and included a preface to the poems, which was significantly augmented in the 1802 edition. Events Poetry published the life and works of Robert Burns published William Wordsworth, Lyrical Ballads with Other This Preface to Lyrical Ballads is considered a central work of Romantic literary theory. In it, Wordsworth discusses what he sees as the elements of a new type of poetry, one based on the "real language of men" and which avoids the poetic diction of much eighteenth-century poetry. Here, Wordsworth also gives his famous definition of poetry askeets "the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings from emotions recollected in tranquility. " A fourth and final edition of Lyrical Ballads was published in 1805.

Germany and move to the Lake District

Wordsworth, Dorothy, and Coleridge then travelled to Germany in the autumn of 1798. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. While Coleridge was intellectually stimulated by the trip, its main effect on Wordsworth was to produce homesickness. ^[3] During the harsh winter of 1798–1799, Wordsworth lived with Dorothy in Goslar, and despite extreme stress and loneliness, he began work on an autobiographical piece later titled The Prelude. Goslar is a historic Town in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the administrative centre of the district of Goslar and located on the northwestern He also wrote a number of famous poems, including "the Lucy poems". He and his sister moved back to England, now to Dove Cottage in Grasmere in the Lake District, and this time with fellow poet Robert Southey nearby. Dove Cottage is a house on the edge of Grasmere in the Lake District. Grasmere is a village in central Cumbria, England. It is also the name of the adjacent Lake. Robert Southey ( August 12, 1774 &ndash March 21, 1843) was an English Poet of the Romantic school one Wordsworth, Coleridge, and Southey came to be known as the "Lake Poets". The Lake Poets all lived in the Lake District of England at the turn of the nineteenth century Through this period, many of his poems revolve around themes of death, endurance, separation, and grief.

Marriage and Children

In 1802, after returning from his trip to France with Dorothy to visit Annette and Caroline, Wordsworth received the inheritance owed by Lord Lonsdale since John Wordsworth's death in 1783. Benjamin Robert Haydon ( 26 January 1786 – 22 June 1846) was an English historical painter and Writer. Later that year, he married a childhood friend, Mary Hutchinson. ^[3] Dorothy continued to live with the couple and grew close to Mary. The following year, Mary gave birth to the first of five children.
John Wordsworth - June 18th 1803 - 1875. Married four times: 1) Isabella Curwen (d. 1848)had six children: Jane, Henry, William, John, Charles and Edward. 2) Helen Ross (d. 1854) no issue. 3) Mary Ann Dolan (d. after 1856) had 1 daughter Dora (b. 1858). 4) Mary Gamble. no issue
Dora Wordsworth - August 16th 1804 - July 9th 1847. Dora Wordsworth ( August 16, 1804 - July 9, 1847) was the only surviving daughter of William Wordsworth (1770-1850 major Romantic She married Edward Quillinan
Thomas Wordsworth - June 15th 1806 - December 1st 1812
Catherine Wordsworth - September 6th 1808 - June 4th 1812
William "Willy" Wordsworth - May 12th 1810 - 1883. He married Fanny Graham and had four children: Mary Louisa, William, Reginald and Gordon.

Autobiographical work and Poems in Two Volumes

Wordsworth had for years been making plans to write a long philosophical poem in three parts, which he intended to call The Recluse. He had in 1798–99 started an autobiographical poem, which he never named but called the "poem to Coleridge", which would serve as an appendix to The Recluse. The Prelude is an autobiographical "philosophical" Poem in Blank verse by the English poet William Wordsworth. In 1804 he began expanding this autobiographical work, having decided to make it a prologue rather than an appendix to the larger work he planned. By 1805, he had completed it, but refused to publish such a personal work until he had completed the whole of The Recluse. The death of his brother, John, in 1805 affected him strongly.

The source of Wordsworth's philosophical allegiances as articulated in The Prelude and in such shorter works as "Lines composed a few miles above Tintern Abbey" has been the source of much critical debate. "Lines composed a few miles above Tintern Abbey on revisiting the banks of the Wye during a tour July 13 1798" (often abbreviated to Tintern Abbey or Lines While it had long been supposed that Wordsworth relied chiefly on Coleridge for philosophical guidance, more recent scholarship has suggested that Wordsworth's ideas may have been formed years before he and Coleridge became friends in the mid 1790s. While in Revolutionary Paris in 1792, the twenty-two year old Wordsworth made the acquaintance of the mysterious traveller John "Walking" Stewart (1747-1822),^[4] who was nearing the end of a thirty-years' peregrination from Madras, India, through Persia and Arabia, across Africa and all of Europe, and up through the fledgling United States. John "Walking" Stewart ( 19 February 1747 &ndash 20 February 1822) was an English traveller and philosopher By the time of their association, Stewart had published an ambitious work of original materialist philosophy entitled The Apocalypse of Nature (London, 1791), to which many of Wordsworth's philosophical sentiments are likely indebted.

In 1807, his Poems in Two Volumes were published, including "Ode: Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood". Up to this point Wordsworth was known publicly only for Lyrical Ballads, and he hoped this collection would cement his reputation. Its reception was lukewarm, however. For a time (starting in 1810), Wordsworth and Coleridge were estranged over the latter's opium addiction. Opium is a Narcotic formed from the Latex (ie sap released by lacerating (or "scoring" the immature seed pods of opium poppies ( ^[3] Two of his children, Thomas and Catherine, died in 1812. The following year, he received an appointment as Distributor of Stamps for Westmorland, and the £400 per year income from the post made him financially secure. His family, including Dorothy, moved to Rydal Mount, Ambleside (between Grasmere and Rydal Water) in 1813, where he spent the rest of his life. Rydal Mount is a house near Ambleside in the Lake District. It is best known as the home of William Wordsworth from 1813 to his death in 1850 Ambleside is a Town in Cumbria, in north-west England.It is situated at the head of Windermere, England's largest lake ^[3]

The Prospectus

In 1814 he published The Excursion as the second part of the three-part The Recluse. He had not completed the first and third parts, and never would complete them. However, he did write a poetic Prospectus to "The Recluse" in which he lays out the structure and intent of the poem. The Prospectus contains some of Wordsworth's most famous lines on the relation between the human mind and nature:

My voice proclaims

How exquisitely the individual Mind

(And the progressive powers perhaps no less

Of the whole species) to the external World

Is fitted:--and how exquisitely, too,

Theme this but little heard of among Men,

The external World is fitted to the Mind . . .

Some modern critics recognise a decline in his works beginning around the mid-1810s. Year 1810 ( MDCCCX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year But this decline was perhaps more a change in his lifestyle and beliefs, since most of the issues that characterise his early poetry (loss, death, endurance, separation, abandonment) were resolved in his writings. But, by 1820 he enjoyed the success accompanying a reversal in the contemporary critical opinion of his earlier works. By 1828, Wordsworth had become fully reconciled to Coleridge, and the two toured the Rhineland together that year. ^[3] Dorothy suffered from a severe illness in 1829 that rendered her an invalid for the remainder of her life. In 1835, Wordsworth gave Annette and Caroline the money they needed for support.

The Poet Laureate and other honours

Wordsworth received an honorary Doctor of Civil Law degree in 1838 from Durham University, and the same honour from Oxford University the next year. Durham University is a University in Durham, England. It was founded as the University of Durham (which remains its official and legal name The University of Oxford (informally "Oxford University" or simply "Oxford" located in the city of Oxford, Oxfordshire, England is the ^[3] In 1842 the government awarded him a civil list pension amounting to £300 a year. With the death in 1843 of Robert Southey, Wordsworth became the Poet Laureate. When his daughter, Dora, died in 1847, his production of poetry came to a standstill.

Death

William Wordsworth died of pneumonia on the 23rd April 1850 and was buried at St. Pneumonia is an inflammatory illness of the Lung. Frequently it is described as lung Parenchyma / alveolar inflammation and abnormal Oswald's church in Grasmere. Grasmere is a village in central Cumbria, England. It is also the name of the adjacent Lake. His widow Mary published his lengthy autobiographical "poem to Coleridge" as The Prelude several months after his death. The Prelude is an autobiographical "philosophical" Poem in Blank verse by the English poet William Wordsworth. Though this failed to arouse great interest in 1850, it has since come to be recognised as his masterpiece.

Major works

• Lyrical Ballads, with a Few Other Poems (1798)
  • "Simon Lee"
  • "We Are Seven"
  • "Lines Written in Early Spring"
  • "Expostulation and Reply"
  • "The Tables Turned"
  • "The Thorn"
  • "Lines Composed A Few Miles above Tintern Abbey"
  • "The Daffodils"

• Lyrical Ballads, with Other Poems (1800)
  • Preface to the Lyrical Ballads
  • "Strange fits of passion have I known"^[5]
  • "She Dwelt among the Untrodden Ways"^[5]
  • "Three years she grew"^[5]
  • "A Slumber Did my Spirit Seal"^[5]
  • "I travelled among unknown men"^[5]
  • "Lucy Gray"
  • "The Two April Mornings"
  • "Nutting"
  • "The Ruined Cottage"
  • "Michael"

• Poems, in Two Volumes (1807)
  • "Resolution and Independence"
  • "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud"
  • "My Heart Leaps Up"
  • "Ode: Intimations of Immortality"
  • "Ode to Duty"
  • "The Solitary Reaper"
  • "Elegiac Stanzas"
  • "Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802"
  • "London, 1802"
  • "The world is too much with us"

• The Excursion (1814)
  • "Prospectus to The Recluse"

• Ecclesiastical Sketches (1822)
  • "Mutability"

• The Prelude (1850, posthumous)
  • The Prelude; or, Growth of a Poet's Mind

Notes

Sources

• M. H. Abrams, ed. (2000), The Norton Anthology of English Literatures: Volume 2A, The Romantic Period (7th ed. ), New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. , ISBN 0-393-97568-1 
• Stephen Gill, ed. (2000), William Wordsworth: The Major Works, New York: Oxford University Press, Inc. , ISBN 0-19-284044-4 

External links

General information and biographical sketches

• "Wordsworth's hidden arguments": an article in the TLS by Dan Jacobson, October 31 2007
• Short biographical sketch by Glenn Everett
• Worsworth's links with Claines, Worcester
• Wordsworth and the Lake District
• Wordsworth's Grave
• Biography and Works
• Wordsworth and the Lake District
• The Wordsworth Trust
• Romantic Circles -- Excellent Editions & Articles on Wordsworth and other Authors of the Romantic period
• Hawkshead Grammar School Museum

Wordsworth's works

• Bartleby.com's complete poetical works by Wordsworth
• Selected Poems by W.Wordsworth
• Biography and Works
• Works by William Wordsworth at Project Gutenberg
• Poetry Archive: 166 poems of William Wordsworth
• To Toussaint Louverture - poem by William Wordsworth
• Extensive Information on Wordsworth's Poem, Lines Written a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey

Preceded by Robert Southey

British Poet Laureate 1843–1850

Succeeded by Alfred Tennyson

Persondata
NAME	Wordsworth, William
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION	English poet
DATE OF BIRTH	April 7, 1770
PLACE OF BIRTH	Cockermouth, England
DATE OF DEATH	April 23, 1850
PLACE OF DEATH	Ambleside, England

Project Gutenberg, abbreviated as PG, is a volunteer effort to Digitize, archive and distribute Cultural works Robert Southey ( August 12, 1774 &ndash March 21, 1843) was an English Poet of the Romantic school one A Poet Laureate is a Poet officially appointed by a government and is often expected to compose poems for State occasions and other government events Alfred Tennyson 1st Baron Tennyson (6 August 1809 – 6 October 1892 was Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom and remains one of the most popular English poets A poet is a person who writes Poetry. Etymology From the Ancient greek: ποιέω, poieō: "I make or compose" Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor Year 1770 ( MDCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Friday Cockermouth is a town within the Allerdale borough of Cumbria, England, and is so named because it is at the confluence of the River Cocker England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Events 215 BC - A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at For the game see 1850 (board game. 1850 ( MDCCCL) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link Ambleside is a Town in Cumbria, in north-west England.It is situated at the head of Windermere, England's largest lake England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland

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