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For other uses, see William Tell (disambiguation).
Statue of William Tell and his Son in Altdorf, Switzerland (Richard Kissling, 1895).
Statue of William Tell and his Son in Altdorf, Switzerland (Richard Kissling, 1895). Altdorf ( German for "old village" is the Capital of the Swiss canton of Uri.

William Tell (German: Wilhelm Tell; French: Guillaume Tell; Italian: Guglielmo Tell) is a legendary hero of disputed historical authenticity who is said to have lived in the Canton of Uri in Switzerland in the early 14th century. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. A legend ( Latin, legenda, "things to be read" is a Narrative of human actions that are perceived both by teller and listeners to A hero (from Greek grc ἥρως hērōs) in Greek mythology and Folklore, was originally a Demigod, the offspring of a mortal and Uri (German) is one of the 26 Cantons of Switzerland. It is located in Central Switzerland. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation

Contents

The legend

William Tell from Bürglen was known as an expert marksman with the crossbow. Bürglen is a municipality in the canton of Uri in Switzerland. A crossbow is a Weapon consisting of a bow mounted on a stock that shoots projectiles often called bolts At the time, the Habsburg emperors were seeking to dominate Uri. Hermann Gessler, the newly appointed Austrian Vogt of Altdorf raised a pole in the village's central square with his hat on top and demanded that all the local townsfolk bow before it. Albrecht (also known as Hermann) Gessler (c 14th century) was the legendary Austrian bailiff of Altdorf, whose brutal rule led to Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich This article is about the title Vogt For the surname see Vogt (surname. Altdorf ( German for "old village" is the Capital of the Swiss canton of Uri. As Tell passed by without bowing, he was arrested. He received the punishment of being forced to shoot an apple off the head of his son, Walter, or else both would be executed. The apple is the pomaceous Fruit of the apple tree Species Malus domestica in the Rose family Rosaceae.

Tell had been promised freedom if he shot the apple. On November 18, 1307, Tell split the fruit with a single bolt from his crossbow, without mishap. Events 326 - The old St Peter's Basilica is consecrated 1302 - Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull A crossbow is a Weapon consisting of a bow mounted on a stock that shoots projectiles often called bolts When Gessler queried him about the purpose of the second bolt in his quiver, Tell answered that if he had ended up killing his son in that trial, he would have turned the crossbow on Gessler himself. Gessler became enraged at that comment, and had Tell bound and brought to his ship to be taken to his castle at Küssnacht. Küssnacht am Rigi (official name since 2004 Küssnacht) is a district and municipality in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland In a storm on Lake Lucerne, Tell managed to escape. Lake Lucerne ( German: Vierwaldstättersee, lit "Lake of the Four Forest Cantons " is a Lake in central Switzerland, the On land, he went to Küssnacht, and when Gessler arrived, Tell shot him with the crossbow.

Tell's defiance of Gessler sparked a rebellion leading to the formation of the Swiss Confederation. The Old Swiss Confederacy was the precursor of modern-day Switzerland.

Tell fought in the Battle of Morgarten in 1315. On November 15 1315, the Swiss Confederation thoroughly defeated the soldiers of Duke Leopold I of Austria in an ambush near the Morgarten pass He died in 1354 while trying to save a child from drowning in the Schächenbach, an alpine river in Uri. The Schächental is an alpine valley of Uri, Switzerland, formed by the Schächen river [1] There is a fresco from 1582 in a chapel in Bürglen showing this scene. Fresco (plural either frescos or frescoes) is any of several related Painting types done on Plaster on walls or A chapel is a holy place or area of Worship for Christians, which may be attached to an institution such as a large church, a College, a Bürglen can refer to two places in Switzerland: Bürglen Uri, at the entrance of Schächental start of the Klausen pass road Bürglen [2]

The history of the legend

The first reference to William Tell appears in the White Book of Sarnen (German: Weisses Buch von Sarnen). The White Book of Sarnen (German Weisses Buch von Sarnen) is a collection of medieval Manuscripts compiled in the late 15th century by This volume was written in 1474 by a country scribe called Hans Schriber. It makes mention of the Rütli oath (German: Rütlischwur), the Burgenbruch and Tell’s heroic deeds. The Rütlischwur is a legendary Oath of the Old Swiss Confederacy. [3]

Another documentation of Tell’s exploits is the Song of the Founding of the Confederation (German: Lied von der Entstehung der Eidgenossenschaft). The Song of the Founding of the Confederation (German Lied von der Entstehung der Eidgenossenschaft) is the oldest existing written record of a song about the This earliest surviving Tell song (German: Tellenlied) was composed around 1477 by an anonymous poet. It explores the beginnings of the Swiss Confederation, the expulsion of the foreign governors as well as the famous episode of Tell shooting at the apple on his son’s head. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation [4]

Further reference to William Tell and his adventures is to be found in Petermann Etterlin’s Chronicle of the Swiss Confederation (German: Kronika von der loblichen Eydtgenossenschaft). Petermann Etterlin was born in Lucerne as the son of Egloff Etterlin, who served as chronicler of the city of Lucerne from 1427 to 1453 Not to be confused is the 1515 "Eidgenössische Chronik" by Wernher Schodeler. Etterlin’s chronicle, which was first printed in 1507, is the earliest printed version of the Tell story. [5]

Another account of William Tell’s deeds is given in the chronicle of Melchior Russ from Lucerne. Melchior Russ (c 1450 &ndash July 20, 1499) was born of an old noble family in Lucerne. Lucerne ( Italian Lucerna) is a city in Switzerland. It is the capital of the Canton of Lucerne This book, which the author dates to 1482, constitutes nothing more than an incoherent compilation of older writings such as the Song of the Founding of the Confederation or Conrad Justinger’s Bernese Chronicle (German: Chronik der Stadt Bern). Conrad Justinger was probably born in Strasbourg. Justinger who had learned the trade of a chronicler in his home-town appears to have moved to the city of Bern The Bernese Chronicle (German Chronik der Stadt Bern) contains information about the early history of the city of Bern. [6]

The next reference to William Tell can be found in a Tell play (German: Tellspiel), whose debut performance was probably held in winter 1512/13 in Altdorf. Altdorf is a German place name meaning old village, which may refer to Altdorf (disambiguation redirects here --> Places in Switzerland [6] This oldest existing written version of a Tell play is known under the name Urner Tellspiel (German: ‘Tell Play of Uri’). The Urner Tellspiel (German ‘Tell Play of Uri’ is the earliest surviving written version of a William Tell play [7]

According to the Swiss historian Jean-François Bergier, Aegidius Tschudi from Glarus merged several earlier accounts of the William Tell myth into the story that is summarized above. Jean-François Bergier ( 5 December 1931 in Lausanne) is a Swiss historian Aegidius (or Giles) Tschudi ( February 5, 1505 - February 28, 1572) was an eminent member of the Tschudi family Glarus (German) is the capital of the Canton of Glarus in Switzerland. Tschudi’s monumental work Chronicon Helveticum (Latin: ‘Swiss Chronicle’), which was written around 1550, became the major model for later writers dealing with William Tell. The Chronicon Helveticum (Latin ‘Swiss Chronicle’ is one of the oldest accounts of the early history of the Swiss Confederation. [8] Not only did Tschudi’s chronicle become the main source for Johannes von Müller’s History of the Swiss Confederation (German: Geschichte Schweizerischer Eidgenossenschaft), it also served as a model for Friedrich Schiller's play William Tell (German: Wilhelm Tell). Johannes von Müller ( January 3, 1752 - May 29, 1809) was a Swiss Historian. Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller krɪstɔf friːtʁɪç fɔn ʃɪləʁ/ʃɪlɐ (10 November 1759 9 May 1805 was a German Poet, Philosopher William Tell (German Wilhelm Tell) is a drama written by Friedrich Schiller in 1804 [8]

Other Tell figures

Although the different William Tell stories are not consistent in all details, they are all constructed around the famous episode of Tell and the apple (German: Apfelschussszene). However, as the educated patrician Gottlieb Emmanuel von Haller and the pastor Simeon Uriel Freudenberger pointed out in 1760 in a short leaflet with the title William Tell, a Danish Fable (German: Der Wilhelm Tell, ein dänisches Mährgen), there are many parallels to the Tell story in Nordic literature. Year 1760 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap The Nordic countries make up a region in Northern Europe called the Nordic region, consisting of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, [9]

In fact, the story of a great hero successfully shooting an apple from his child’s head is an archetype present in the story of Egil in the Thidreks saga as well as in the stories of Adam Bell from England, Palnetoke from Denmark and a story from Holstein. Þiðrekssaga (also Thidreksaga, Thidrekssaga, Niflungasaga or Vilkina saga) is a chivalric saga of the adventures of the Adam Bell was a legendary English Outlaw. He and his companions William of Cloudsley and Clym of the Clough lived in Inglewood Forest near Carlisle England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Palnatoke was a legendary Danish hero and chieftain of the island of Fyn. The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe Holstein (ˈhɔlʃtain ( Low German: Holsteen, Danish: Holsten, Latin and historical English: Holsatia)

The oldest documented Tell figure is a Danish warrior named Toko whose story appears for the first time in the Gesta Danorum (Latin: ‘Deeds of the Danes’), a twelfth-century text compiled by Saxo Grammaticus. The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe Gesta Danorum ("Deeds of the Danes" is a work of Danish history by the 12th century author Saxo Grammaticus ("Saxo the Literate" "Saxo" redirects here For the car see Citroën Saxo and for the bank see Saxo Bank Saxo Grammaticus (c [10] As with William Tell, Toko is forced by King Harald Bluetooth to shoot an apple off his son’s head as proof of his marksmanship. Harald Bluetooth Gormson (Harald Blåtand Haraldr blátönn, Harald Blåtann was born around 935 the son of King Gorm the Old and of Thyra (also [11] A striking similarity between William Tell and Toko is that both heroes take more than one arrow out of their quiver. [10] When asked why he pulled several arrows out of his quiver, Toko, too, replies that if he had struck his son with the first arrow, he would have shot King Harald with the remaining two arrows. [10]

Historicity debate

François Guillimann, a statesman of Fribourg and later historian and advisor of the Habsburg emperor Rudolph II, wrote to Melchior Goldast in 1607: "I followed popular belief by reporting certain details in my Swiss antiquities [published in 1598], but when I examine them closely the whole story seems to me to be pure fable. Fribourg ( French) (Freiburg or de Freiburg im [[Üechtland]], often Fribourg) is the capital of the Swiss canton of Rudolf II ( July 18, 1552, Vienna, Austria - January 20, 1612, Prague, Bohemia, now part of Melchior Goldast ab Haiminsfeld (near Bischofszell, in the Swiss canton of Thurgau, January 6, 1576 or 1578 - Gießen, ". In 1760, Simeon Uriel Freudenberger from Luzern anonymously published a tract arguing that the legend of Tell in all likelihood was based on the Danish saga of Palnatoke. Year 1760 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap Lucerne ( Italian Lucerna) is a city in Switzerland. It is the capital of the Canton of Lucerne Palnatoke was a legendary Danish hero and chieftain of the island of Fyn. A French edition of his book, written by Gottlieb Emmanuel von Haller (Guillaume Tell, Fable danoise), was burnt in Altdorf. Altdorf ( German for "old village" is the Capital of the Swiss canton of Uri. [12]

This view remained very unpopular, however. Friedrich von Schiller used Tschudi's version as the basis for his play Wilhelm Tell in 1804, interpreting Tell as a glorified patriot assassin. Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller krɪstɔf friːtʁɪç fɔn ʃɪləʁ/ʃɪlɐ (10 November 1759 9 May 1805 was a German Poet, Philosopher William Tell (German Wilhelm Tell) is a drama written by Friedrich Schiller in 1804 Year 1804 ( MDCCCIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a This interpretation became very popular especially in Switzerland, where the Tell figure was instrumentalized in the early 19th century as a "national hero" and identification figure in the new Helvetic Republic and also later on in the beginnings of the Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft, the modern democratic federal state that developed then. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar In Swiss history, the Helvetic Republic ( 1798 &ndash 1803) represented an early attempt to impose a central authority over Switzerland, The rise of Switzerland as a federal state began on September 12 1848 with the creation of a federal constitution which was created in response to a 27-day civil war in Switzerland When the historian Joseph Eutych Kopp dared in the 1830s to question the veracity of the legend his effigy was burnt on the Rütli, the meadow above Lake Lucerne where—according to the legend—the oath was sworn that concluded the original alliance between the founding cantons of the Swiss confederacy. Events and trends Electromagnetic induction discovered by Michael Faraday. An effigy is a representation of a person especially in the form of Sculpture. Lake Lucerne ( German: Vierwaldstättersee, lit "Lake of the Four Forest Cantons " is a Lake in central Switzerland, the

Historians continued to argue over the saga until well into the 20th century. In 1891 Wilhelm Öchsli published a scientific account of the founding of the confederacy (commissioned by the government for the celebration of the first National holiday of Switzerland on August 1, 1891), and dismissed the story as fiction. Year 1891 ( MDCCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The National Day is a designated date on which celebrations mark the Nationhood of a Nation or non-sovereign Country. Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Yet 50 years later in 1941, when Tell had again become a national identification figure, the historian Karl Meyer tried to connect the events of the saga with known places and events. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Modern historians generally consider the saga to be fiction, as neither Tell's nor Gessler's existence can be proven. The legend also tells of the Burgenbruch, a coordinated uprising including the slighting of many forts; however, archeological evidence shows that many of these forts were already abandoned and destroyed long before 1307/08. A slighting is the deliberate destruction of a Fortification without opposition from its builders or last users

In spite of all this, William Tell lives on as a "real" hero in popular culture. He is still a powerful identification figure, and according to a recent survey, 60% of the Swiss believe that he really lived. [13]

A possible historical nucleus of the legend was suggested by Schärer (1986). He identified one Wilhelm Gorkeit of Tellikon (modern Dällikon in the Canton of Zurich). Dällikon is a municipality in the district of Dielsdorf in the canton of Zürich in Switzerland. The Canton of Zürich (German Kanton) has a population of about 1 "Gorkeit" is explained as a version of the surname Armbruster (crossbow maker). A crossbow is a Weapon consisting of a bow mounted on a stock that shoots projectiles often called bolts Historians were not convinced by Schärer's hypothesis, but it is still referred to by the nationalistic right, who denounce its rejection by academia as an "internationalist" conspiracy. [14]

In modern politics and arts

Antoine-Marin Lemierre wrote a play inspired by Tell in 1766 and revived it in 1786. Antoine-Marin Lemierre ( 12 January 1733 &ndash 4 July 1793) was a French Dramatist and Poet. The success of this work established the association of Tell as a fighter against tyranny with the history of the French revolution. The French Revolution (1789–1799 was a period of political and social upheaval in the History of France, during which the French governmental structure previously an

Official seal of the Helvetic Republic.
Official seal of the Helvetic Republic.

The French revolutionary fascination with Tell was reflected in Switzerland with the establishment of the Helvetic Republic. In Swiss history, the Helvetic Republic ( 1798 &ndash 1803) represented an early attempt to impose a central authority over Switzerland, Tell became, as it were, the mascot of the short-lived republic, his figure being featured on its official seal.

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe learned of the Tell saga during his travels through Switzerland between 1775 and 1795. ˈjoːhan ˈvɔlfgaŋ fɔn ˈgøːtə (in English generally ˈgɝːtə 28 August 1749 22 March 1832 was a German writer Year 1775 ( MDCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1795 ( MDCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a He obtained a copy of Tschudi's chronicles and considered writing a play about Tell, but ultimately, gave the idea to his friend Friedrich von Schiller, who in 1803-04 wrote the play Wilhelm Tell, first performed on March 17, 1804 in Weimar. Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller krɪstɔf friːtʁɪç fɔn ʃɪləʁ/ʃɪlɐ (10 November 1759 9 May 1805 was a German Poet, Philosopher 1803 ( MDCCCIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1804 ( MDCCCIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a William Tell (German Wilhelm Tell) is a drama written by Friedrich Schiller in 1804 Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger Weimar (ˈvaɪmaʁ is a City in Germany. It is located in the Bundesland of Thuringia (Thüringen north of the Thüringer Wald, Schiller's Tell is heavily inspired by the political events of the late 18th century, the French revolution in particular. The French Revolution (1789–1799 was a period of political and social upheaval in the History of France, during which the French governmental structure previously an Schiller's play was performed at Interlaken (the Tellspiele) in the summers of 1912 to 1914, 1931 to 1939 and every year since 1947. Interlaken is a municipality in the district of Interlaken in the canton of Bern in Switzerland, a well-known tourist destination In 2004 it was first performed in Altdorf itself. Altdorf ( German for "old village" is the Capital of the Swiss canton of Uri.

Gioacchino Rossini used Schiller's play as the basis for his 1829 opera William Tell; the William Tell Overture is one of his best-known and imitated pieces of music. Opera is an art form in which Singers and Musicians perform a Dramatic work (called an opera which combines a text (called a Libretto Guillaume Tell ( William Tell) is an Opera in four acts by Gioachino Rossini to a French Libretto by Etienne de Jouy The Overture to the opera William Tell, especially its high-energy finale is a very familiar work composed by Gioachino Rossini.

John Wilkes Booth, the assassin of Abraham Lincoln, was inspired by Tell. Abraham Lincoln assassination John Wilkes Booth (May 10 1838 – April 26 1865 was an American stage actor who assassinated Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the Abraham Lincoln (February 12 1809 &ndash April 15 1865 the sixteenth President of the United States, successfully led his country through its greatest internal Lamenting the negative reaction to his deed, Booth wrote in his journal on April 21, 1865 "with every man's hand against me, I am here in despair. And why; For doing what Brutus was honored for and what made Tell a Hero. Marcus Junius Brutus (85&ndash42 BC or Quintus Servilius Caepio Brutus was a Roman senator of the late Roman Republic. And yet I for striking down a greater tyrant than they ever knew am looked upon as a common cutthroat. "

Following a national competition, won by Richard Kissling, Altdorf erected a monument in 1895 to its hero. Richard Kissling (April 15 1848 - July 19 1919 was a Swiss sculptor Kissling casts Tell as a peasant and man of the mountains, with strong features and muscular limbs. His powerful hand rests lovingly on the shoulder of little Walter, but the apple is not shown. The depiction is in marked contrast with that used by the Helvetic Republic, where Tell is shown as a landsknecht rather than a peasant, with a sword at his belt and a feathered hat, bending down to pick up his son who is still holding the apple. Landsknechts (singular Landsknecht, German plural Landsknechte, sometimes also in English publications were European most often German, Mercenary

The first film about Tell was made by French director Charles Pathé in 1900; only a short fragment survives. Charles Pathé ( December 25, 1863 &ndash December 26, 1957) was a major French pioneer of the film and recording industries

The design of the Federal 5 francs coin issued from 1922 features the bust of a generic "mountain shepherd" designed by Paul Burkard, but due to a similarity of the bust with Kissling's statue, in spite of the missing beard, it was immediately widely identified as Tell. The franc ( German: Franken, French and Romansh: franc, Italian: franco; code: CHF

Salvador Dalí painted The Old Age of William Tell and William Tell and Gradiva in 1931, and The Enigma of William Tell in 1933. Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech 1st Marquis of Púbol (May 11 1904 &ndash January 23 1989 was a Spanish Catalan Surrealist Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Adolf Hitler was enthusiastic about Schiller's play, quoting it in his Mein Kampf, and approving of a German/Swiss co-production of the play where Göring's mistress appeared as Tell's wife; but on June 3, 1941 Hitler had the play banned. Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently vandalized and vandalism is reverted immediately Mein Kampf ( English: My Struggle/My Battle) is a book by Adolf Hitler. Hermann Wilhelm Göring (also spelled Goering) (12 January 1893 15 October 1946 was a German Politician, Military leader and a leading member Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The reason for the ban is not known, but may been related to the failed assassination attempt in 1938 by young Swiss Maurice Bavaud[15] (executed on May 14, 1941, and later dubbed "a new William Tell" by Rolf Hochhuth), or the subversive nature of the play. Maurice Bavaud ( 15 January 1916 in Neuchâtel - 14 May 1941 in Berlin-Plötzensee) attempted to assassinate Adolf Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Rolf Hochhuth (born April 1, 1931 in Eschwege) is a German author and playwright [16][17] Hitler is reported to have exclaimed at a banquet in 1942 "Why did Schiller have to immortalize that Swiss sniper!". [16]

Max Frisch in his "William Tell for Schools" deconstructed the legend, portraying the bailiff as a well-meaning administrator suffering from being placed in a barbaric back-corner of the empire, while Tell is a simpleton who stumbles into his adventure by a series of misunderstandings. Max Frisch ( May 15, 1911 &ndash April 4, 1991) was a Swiss Architect, Playwright and Novelist, regarded

Spanish playwright Alfonso Sastre re-worked the legend in 1955 in his "Guillermo Tell tiene los ojos tristes" (William Tell has sad eyes); it was not performed until the Franco regime in Spain ended. Alfonso Sastre (born February 20 1926 in Madrid) is a Spanish playwright essayist and critic Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo Franco y Bahamonde (born December 4, 1892 in Ferrol, died November 20, 1975 in Madrid

There are many other pictorial and textual references, ranging from a black humour cartoon by Gary Larson to album covers (e. Black comedy, also known as black humor or dark comedy, is a sub-genre of Comedy and Satire where topics and events that are usually regarded This article refers to the Cartoonist. For the Rugby league player please see Gary Larson (rugby league. g. the National Lampoon's "Greatest Hits" album), song lyrics (e. g. in St. Stephen from the Grateful Dead and many others), movies such as the 1928 Charlie Chaplin film The Circus, and even computer games like that in the Beginner's Guide for the Inform programming language. The Grateful Dead was an American rock band formed in 1965 in the San Francisco Bay Area. Inform is a Programming language and design system for Interactive fiction originally created in 1993 by Graham Nelson. A programming language is an Artificial language that can be used to write programs which control the behavior of a machine particularly a Computer.

The TV series "Crossbow", with Will Lyman as William Tell, broadcast 71 episodes on the Family channel from 1987 to 1990.

Tell City, Perry County, Indiana, USA, is named after William Tell. Tell City is a city in Troy Township, Perry County, Indiana, along the Ohio River. Perry County is a County located in the US state of Indiana. As of 2000 the population was 18899 The State of Indiana ( was the 19th US state admitted into the union The United States of America —commonly referred to as the

In the Senses Fail song, The Priest and the Matador, William Tell's name is referenced in the line, "I'm the arrow shot straight to hell, from the bow of William Tell. Senses Fail is an American band based in Ridgewood New Jersey, formed in 2002. "The Priest and the Matador" is a song by Senses Fail from the 2006 album Still Searching. "

Notes

  1. ^ Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, Verlag des Bibliographischen Instituts, Leipzig und Wien, Fourth edition, 1885-1892, entry on "Tell, Wilhelm", pp. Meyers Konversations-Lexikon was a major German Encyclopedia that existed in various editions from 1839 until 1984 when it merged with the Brockhaus 576-77 in volume 15. In German.
  2. ^ Kaiser, P. : Liberation myths in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland. The Historical Dictionary of Switzerland is an Encyclopedia on the History of Switzerland that aims to take into account the results of modern historical research Version of 2002-05-20. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held URL last accessed 2006-11-06. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with
  3. ^ Bergier, p 63.
  4. ^ Bergier, p.  70-71.
  5. ^ Bergier, p.  77.
  6. ^ a b Bergier, p.  76.
  7. ^ Head, p.  528.
  8. ^ a b Bergier, p.  16.
  9. ^ Bergier, p.  80f.
  10. ^ a b c Bergier, p.  82.
  11. ^ Keightley, p.  293.
  12. ^ Troxler, J. et al. : Guillaume Tell, pp.  43–46; Ketty & Alexandre, Chapelle-sur-Moudon, 1985, ISBN 2-88114-001-7. See also "Le pamphlet de von Haller" (in French).
  13. ^ According to a 2004 survey of 620 participants performed by the LINK-Institut of Lucerne for CoopZeitung. 58% of those asked held that Tell was historical, compared to 29% who held that Tell was unhistorical. [1]
  14. ^ So denounced in a speech held by Rudolf Keller, at the time president of the Swiss Democrats on 1 August 2004 in Basel. The Swiss Democrats (Schweizer Demokraten Démocrates Suisses Democratici Svizzeri Democrats Svizers is a Right-wing (some say far-right Political party in [2]
  15. ^ dpa: Hitler verbot Schillers "Tell", news agency announcement of a speech by Rolf Hochhuth, May 11, 2004. Rolf Hochhuth (born April 1, 1931 in Eschwege) is a German author and playwright Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " In German. URL last accessed 2008-02-11. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu.
  16. ^ a b Ruppelt, G. : Hitler gegen Tell, Hannover, 2004. In German. URL last accessed 2008-02-11. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu.
  17. ^ Sapan, A. : Wilhelm Tell (Friedrich von Schiller). In German. URL last accessed 2008-02-11. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu.

References

External links

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