William C. Schutz (1925 - November 9, 2002) was a psychologist at the Esalen Institute (Big Sur, California) in the 1960s. Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Psychology (from Greek grc ψῡχή psȳkhē, "breath life soul" and grc -λογία -logia) is an Academic and Esalen Institute is a center in Big Sur California, in the United States, for humanistic alternative education and a Nonprofit organization Big Sur is a sparsely populated region of the central California, United States, coast where the Santa Lucia Mountains rise abruptly from the California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969 He later became the president of BConWSA International. He received his Ph.D. from UCLA. "PhD" redirects here for other uses see PhD (disambiguation. The University of California Los Angeles (generally known as UCLA) is a public research university located in Westwood Los Angeles, California, United In the 1950s he was part of a highly influential peer-group at the University of Chicago's Counseling Center that included notable contributors to non-directive psychology such as Carl Rogers, Thomas Gordon, Abraham Maslow and Elias Porter. Carl Ransom Rogers ( January 8, 1902 – February 4, 1987) was an influential American Psychologist and among the founders of the Thomas Gordon may refer to Thomas Gordon (lawyer (1652-1722 American lawyer and politician of the colonial period Thomas Gordon (writer Abraham Harold Maslow ( April 1, 1908 – June 8, 1970) was an American psychologist. Elias Hull Porter (1914 – 1987 was an influential psychologist
In 1958 Schutz introduced a theory of interpersonal relations he called Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation (FIRO). Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation ( FIRO) is a theory of interpersonal relations introduced by William Schutz in 1958. According to the theory three dimensions of interpersonal relations were deemed to be necessary and sufficient to explain most human interaction. The dimensions are: Inclusion, Control and Affection. These dimensions have been used to assess group dynamics. Group dynamics is the study of groups and also a general term for group processes
Schutz also created FIRO-B, a measurement instrument with scales that assess the behavioral aspects of the three dimensions. A survey of seventy-five of the most widely used training instruments, including the MBTI, completed in 1976 by Pfeiffer and Heslin, found that "the FIRO-B was the most generally usable instrument in training. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI assessment is a psychometric questionnaire designed to measure psychological preferences in how people perceive the world and make decisions " The popularity of the FIRO-B has been eclipsed by the MBTI as the latter became widely used in business. In recent years, however, interest in FIRO has picked up. It has even been instrumental in the development of a relatively new theory of Five Temperaments. Five temperaments a Theory in Psychology, that expands upon the " Four Temperaments " proposed in ancient medical theory In the countries of the former USSR FIRO-B became known only in the first decade of 2000s, but it is still overwhelmed by socionics, a post-Jungian theory of interpersonal compatibility. Socionics (соционика is a theory of information processing that incorporates elements of Carl Jung 's work on Psychological Types, Freud 's
Schutz's advancement of FIRO Theory beyond the FIRO-B tool was most obvious in the change of the "Affection" scale to the "Openness" scale in the "FIRO Element-B". This change highlighted his newer theory that behavior comes from feelings ("FIRO Element-F") and the self-concept ("FIRO Element-S"). "Underlying the behavior of openness is the feeling of being likable or unlikeable, lovable or unlovable. I find you likable if I like myself in your presence, if you create an atmosphere within which I like myself. " The Human Element: Productivity, Self-Esteem and the Bottom Line p. 53.
Schutz died of a stroke on November 9, 2002. A stroke is the rapidly developing loss of brain functions due to a disturbance in the blood vessels supplying blood to the brain Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar.
Writings by William Schutz
- FIRO: A Three-Dimensional Theory of Interpersonal Behavior. New York, NY: Rinehart (1958).
- Joy. Expanding Human Awareness. ? (1967).
- Profound Simplicity. New York, NY: Bantam (1979).
- The Truth Option. Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press (1984).
- Joy: Twenty Years Later. Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press (1989).
- "Beyond FIRO-B—Three New Theory Derived Measures—Element B: Behavior, Element F: Feelings, Element S: Self. " Psychological Reports, June, 70, 915-937 (1992).
- The Human Element: Productivity, Self-Esteem and the Bottom Line. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass (1994).
External links
- Thompson, H. L. 2000. "FIRO Element B : An Overview"
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