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William Clarke Quantrill of Quantrill's Raiders
William Clarke Quantrill of Quantrill's Raiders

William Clarke Quantrill (July 31, 1837 – June 6, 1865), was a Confederate guerrilla leader during the American Civil War. Events 30 BC - Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian 's forces but most of his army subsequently Year 1837 ( MDCCCXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year Year 1865 ( MDCCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States, and CSA) formed as the government set up from 1861 Guerrilla warfare is the unconventional warfare and combat with which a small group of combatants use mobile tactics (ambushes raids etc Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South

Contents

Early life

Quantrill, the oldest of 8 children, was born at Canal Dover (now just Dover), Ohio, on July 31, 1837. Dover is a city in Tuscarawas County, Ohio, United States. The population was 12210 at the 2000 census. Events 30 BC - Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian 's forces but most of his army subsequently Year 1837 ( MDCCCXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common His father was Thomas Quantrill, formerly of Hagerstown, Maryland. Hagerstown (ˈheɪgɚztaʊn is the County seat of Washington County, Maryland, United States. His mother, Caroline Cornelia Clark, was a native of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. Chambersburg is a borough in Pennsylvania, United States It is miles north of Maryland and the Mason-Dixon line and southwest of Harrisburg They were married on October 11, 1836, and moved to Canal Dover the following December. Events 1138 - A massive earthquake struck Aleppo, Syria. 1531 - Huldrych Zwingli is killed Year 1836 ( MDCCCXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Thomas Quantrill died December 7, 1854, apparently of tuberculosis. Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways Year 1854 ( MDCCCLIV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year [1].

Little is known of Quantrill’s life in Dover, though it appears that he was raised by his mother in a Unionist family, however he always had a loathing for it Free-Soil beliefs. During the American Civil War, the Union was a name used to refer to the federal government of the United States, which was supported by the twenty-three After several years working as a teacher, Quantrill traveled to Utah Territory with the Federal Army as a teamster in 1858 as part of the Utah War, but left the army there to try his hand at professional gambling. The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. Year 1858 ( MDCCCLVIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The Utah War, also known as the Utah Expedition or Buchanan's Blunder, was an armed dispute between Latter-day Saint (" Mormon " In 1859, he moved to Lawrence, Kansas, and again taught. Year 1859 ( MDCCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

Guerrilla leader

When the Civil War began in 1861, Quantrill claimed he was a native of Maryland and may have joined the Missouri State Guard. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Missouri State Guard (MSG was a state Militia organized in the state of Missouri during the early days of the American Civil War. However, his dislike of army discipline led him to form an independent guerrilla band by the end of that year. This bushwhacker company began as a force of no more than a dozen men who staged raids into Kansas, harassed Union soldiers, raided pro-Union towns, robbed mail coaches, and attacked Unionist civilians. Bushwhacking was a form of guerrilla warfare during the American Civil War that was particularly prevalent in rural areas where there were sharp divisions between At times they skirmished with the Jayhawkers, undisciplined Union militia from Kansas who raided into Missouri. Jayhawkers is a term that originally applied to guerrilla fighters during the American Civil War in Kansas who often clashed with pro-slavery partisans The Union commanders declared him to be an outlaw, even though Quantrill apparently did secure a Confederate commission as a captain of partisan rangers. An outlaw or bandit is a person living the lifestyle of outlawry; the word literally means "outside the Law " by folk-etymology from the original A partisan is a member of an Irregular military force formed to oppose control of an area by a foreign power or by an army of occupation When the Union Army ordered all captured guerrillas to be shot, Quantrill ceased taking prisoners and started doing the same. He quickly became known to his opponents as a feared Rebel raider, and to his supporters as a dashing, free-spirited hero.

Lawrence Massacre

Main article: Lawrence Massacre

The most significant event in Quantrill's guerrilla career took place on August 21, 1863. The Lawrence Massacre, also known as Quantrill's Raid, was a rebel guerrilla attack during the U Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan. Year 1863 ( MDCCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Lawrence had been seen for years as the stronghold of the anti-slavery forces in Kansas and as a base of operation for incursions into Missouri by Jayhawkers and pro-Union forces. Abolitionism was a political movement of the 18th and 19th century which sought to make Slavery illegal particularly in the United States and British West Indies Jayhawkers is a term that originally applied to guerrilla fighters during the American Civil War in Kansas who often clashed with pro-slavery partisans It was also the home of James H. Lane, a Senator infamous in Missouri for his staunch anti-slavery views and also a leader of the Jayhawkers. These people had plundered Missouri for years prior to the war, and Lawrence, the center of their operations, was reputed to contain all the goods looted from Missouri during those years. Moreover, during the weeks immediately preceding the raid, Union General Thomas Ewing, Jr., had ordered the detention of any civilians giving aid to Quantrill's Raiders. The Union Army was the army that fought for the Union during the American Civil War. Thomas Ewing Jr ( August 7, 1829 &ndash January 21, 1896) was an attorney Union Army general during the American Civil War Quantrill's Raiders were a loosely organized force of pro- Confederate Bushwhackers who fought in the American Civil War under the leadership of Several female relatives of the guerrillas were imprisoned in a makeshift jail in Kansas City, Missouri. Kansas City Missouri only Items for the metro area Kansas City Kansas or North Kansas City MO should go on their respective pages On August 14, the building collapsed, killing four young women and seriously injuring others. Events 1183 - Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures Among the casualties was Josephine Anderson, sister of one of Quantrill's key guerrilla allies, William T. "Bloody Bill" Anderson. Another of Anderson's sisters, Mary, was permanently crippled in the collapse. Quantrill's men believed the collapse was deliberate, and the event fanned them into a fury. Many historians, however, believe that Quantrill had actually planned to raid Lawrence in advance of the building's collapse, in retaliation for earlier Jayhawker attacks[2] as well as the burning of Osceola, Missouri. Osceola (1804 &ndash January 20, 1838) was a war chief of the Seminole in Florida.

Early on the morning of August 21, Quantrill descended from Mount Oread and attacked Lawrence at the head of a combined force of as many as 450 guerrillas. Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan. Mount Oread is a geographical feature located in Lawrence Kansas, at approximately 38°57'47 Senator Lane, a prime target of the raid, managed to escape through a cornfield in his nightshirt, but the bushwhackers killed about 200 men and boys of fighting age, dragging many from their homes to execute them before their families. When Quantrill's men rode out at 9 a. m. , most of Lawrence's buildings were burning, including all but two businesses. His raiders looted indiscriminately and robbed the town's bank.

On August 25, in retaliation for the raid, General Ewing authorized General Order No. 11 (not to be confused with General Ulysses S. Grant's General Order of the same name). Events 1248 - The Dutch city of Ommen receives city rights and fortification rights from Otto III the Not to be confused with General Order No 11 (1862 General Order No Ulysses S Grant, born Hiram Ulysses Grant (April 27 1822 &ndash July 23 1885 was an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States Not to be confused with General Order No 11 (1863 General Order No The edict ordered the depopulation of three and a half Missouri counties along the Kansas border (with the exception of a few designated towns), forcing tens of thousands of civilians to abandon their homes. Union troops marched through behind them, burning buildings, torching planted fields and shooting down livestock to deprive the guerrillas of food, fodder, and support. The area was so thoroughly devastated that it became known thereafter as the "Burnt District. " However, Quantrill and his men rode south to Texas, where they passed the winter with the Confederate forces. Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State.

Last years

Grave of Captain William Quantrill
Grave of Captain William Quantrill

While in Texas, Quantrill and his 400 men quarreled. His once-large band broke up into several smaller guerrilla companies. One was led by his notable lieutenant, William "Bloody Bill" Anderson, whose men came to be known for tying the scalps of slain unionists to the saddles and bridles of their horses. William T Anderson aka " Bloody Bill " (1839&ndashOctober 26 1864 was a pro- Confederate guerrilla leader in the American Civil War Quantrill joined them briefly in the fall of 1864 during fighting north of the Missouri River.

In the spring of 1865, now leading only a few dozen men, Quantrill staged a series of raids in western Kentucky. Year 1865 ( MDCCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Commonwealth of Kentucky ( is a state located in the East Central United States of America. He rode into a Union ambush on May 10 near Taylorsville, Kentucky, and received a gunshot wound to the chest. Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England. Taylorsville is a city in Spencer County, Kentucky, United States. He died from it on June 6 at the age of 27. Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year [3]

As is often the case with famous figures, fanciful stories of his survival spread. One apocryphal story from British Columbia in Canada involves a recluse living in an isolated cabin on Quatsino Sound on northern Vancouver Island late in the 19th Century. British Columbia (ˌbrɪtɨʃ kəˈlʌmbiə ( BC) ( (la Colombie-Britannique C Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Vancouver Island is a large Island in British Columbia, Canada, one of several North American regions named after George Vancouver, the British Inquiries after the recluse allegedly were made in Victoria by unidentified Americans. Victoria (vɪkˈtɔɹiə is the capital city of British Columbia. The men claimed the recluse was Quantrill and later said they had killed him to avenge the deaths of fellow Union soldiers.

Marriage

During the war, Quantrill met fourteen-year-old Sarah Katherine King at her parents' farm in Blue Springs, Missouri. Blue Springs is a city in Jackson County, Missouri and is a satellite city of Kansas City Missouri. They married and she lived in camp with Quantrill and his men. At the time of his death, she was seventeen. [4]

Legacy

Quantrill’s actions remain controversial to this day. Some historians view him as an opportunistic, bloodthirsty outlaw; James M. McPherson, one of America's most prominent experts on the Civil War today, calls him and Anderson "pathological killers" who "murdered and burned out Missouri Unionists. "[5] Others continue to regard him as a daring horse soldier and a local folk hero. Some of Quantrill's celebrity later rubbed off on other ex-Raiders — Jesse and Frank James, and Cole and Jim Younger — who went on after the war to apply Quantrill's hit-and-run tactics to bank and train robbery. Jesse Woodson James (September 5 1847—April 3 1882 was an American Outlaw in the border state of Missouri and the most famous member of the Alexander Franklin James ( January 10, 1843 &ndash February 18, 1915) was an American Outlaw and older brother of Thomas Coleman Younger ( January 15 1844 &ndash March 21 1916) was a famous Confederate guerrilla and an Outlaw James Hardin Younger ( January 15, 1848 - October 19, 1902) was a western Outlaw and member of the James-Younger gang. The William Clarke Quantrill Society continues to research and celebrate his life and deeds.

According to Lost Treasure and similar related (and not very accurate) magazines, Quantrill allegedly cached treasure worth millions of U. Lost Treasure is an American magazine found both online and in print which describes lost treasures and different methods and items used finding them S. dollars all over the area he operated in. Just where he is supposed to have obtained this fortune is never made clear.

In fiction

Notes

  1. ^ William G. Cutler's History of the State of Kansas, Miami County Part 2
  2. ^ Paul Wellman, A Dynasty of Western Outlaws, 1961
  3. ^ Kentucky Historical Society
  4. ^ Sarah King Head at Find a Grave
  5. ^ James M. McPherson: "Was It More Restrained Than You Think?", The New York Review of Books, February 14, 2008

External links

The New York Review of Books (or NYREV or NYRB) is a semimonthly Magazine on Literature, Culture, and current
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