| William Joseph Cardinal Levada | |
| Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith | |
 | |
| See | San Francisco (Emeritus) |
|---|---|
| Enthroned | May 13, 2005 |
| Ended | Incumbent |
| Predecessor | Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger |
| Created Cardinal | March 24, 2006 |
| Other | Archbishop of San Francisco |
| Born | June 15, 1936 Long Beach, California |
| Styles of William Joseph Cardinal Levada | |
 | |
| Reference style | His Eminence |
| Spoken style | Your Eminence |
| Informal style | Cardinal |
| See | San Francisco (emeritus) |
William Joseph Cardinal Levada (born June 15, 1936) is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. Emeritus (ɨˈmɛrɨtəs is an Adjective that is used in the title of a retired Professor, Bishop or other professional Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Pope Benedict XVI ( Latin: Benedictus PP XVI; Italian: Benedetto XVI; German: Benedikt XVI; born Joseph Alois Ratzinger Events 1401 - Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus. 1603 - James VI of Scotland Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The Roman Catholic Archbishop of San Francisco is the Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Church in San Francisco, California in the United States Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Long Beach is a city located in southern California, USA, on the Pacific coast A style of office, or honorific, is a term which by Tradition or Law precedes a reference to a person who holds a post or Title, or to the A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official usually a bishop, of the Catholic Church. Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A prelate is a high-ranking member of the Clergy who either is an Ordinary or ranks in precedence with ordinaries He currently serves as Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith in the Roman Curia, previously serving as Archbishop of Portland (Oregon) from 1986 to 1995 and Archbishop of San Francisco from 1995 to 2005. The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF ( Congregatio pro Doctrina Fidei) previously known as the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office, The Roman Curia is the administrative apparatus of the Holy See and the central governing body of the entire Roman Catholic Church, together with the Pope The Archdiocese of Portland in Oregon ( Archidioecesis Portlandensis in Oregon) is an Archdiocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the Pacific Northwest Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 The Roman Catholic Archbishop of San Francisco is the Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Church in San Francisco, California in the United States Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Levada was elevated to the cardinalate in 2006. A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official usually a bishop, of the Catholic Church. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
Contents |
Biography
Early life and clerical formation
William Joseph Levada was born in Long Beach, California, to Joseph and Lorraine (née Nunez) Levada, both natives of Concord. Long Beach is a city located in southern California, USA, on the Pacific coast Concord is the largest city in Contra Costa County, California, USA. His older sister, Dolores, died on May 21, 2007. Events 878 - Syracuse Italy is captured by the Muslim sultan of Sicily. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
His great-grandparents came from Portugal[1] and Ireland, and immigrated to the San Francisco Bay Area in the 1860s. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world The San Francisco Bay Area, commonly known as the Bay Area, or the Bay, is a geographically and ethnically diverse metropolitan region that surrounds the Events and trends Technology The First Transcontinental Railroad in the USA was completed in 1869 He grew up in Long Beach and Houston, Texas, attended St. Anthony High School and then St. John's Seminary in Camarillo, part of the Roman Catholic Archidiocese of Los Angeles. St Anthony College Preparatory High School, commonly referred to as SA, is a private, Roman Catholic High school located in the downtown St John's Seminary is a Roman Catholic Seminary located in Camarillo California. Camarillo (ˌkæməˈriːoʊ or /ˌkæməˈrɪloʊ/ is a city in Ventura County, California, United States
From 1958 to 1961, Levada studied at the North American College and did his theological studies at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome. Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Pontifical North American College is a Roman Catholic educational institution in Rome. Theology is the study of a god or the gods from a religious perspective Pontifical Gregorian University (Pontificia Università Gregoriana (also known as the Gregorianum) is a Pontifical university located in Rome, Italy Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 He was ordained to the priesthood on December 20, 1961, by Archbishop Martin O'Connor, rector of the Pontifical North American College and president of the Pontifical Council for Social Communications, in St. Peter's Basilica. In a general sense the term Holy Orders refers to those in the Christian religion who have been ordained in Apostolic Succession. The ministerial orders of the Catholic Church includes both the orders of bishops and presbyters, which in Latin is sacerdos. Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor. Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Martin John O'Connor ( May 18, 1900 &mdash December 1, 1986) was an American Prelate of the Roman Catholic Church The word rector ("ruler" from the Latin regere and Rector meaning "Teacher" In Latin has a number of different meanings but all of them indicate an academic The Pontifical North American College is a Roman Catholic educational institution in Rome. President is a Title leaders of Organizations companies, Trade unions universities, and countries. The Pontifical Council for Social Communications ( Pontificium Consilium de Communicationibus Socialibus) is a Dicastery of the Roman Curia. The Basilica of Saint Peter (Basilica Sancti Petri officially known in Italian as the Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano and commonly known as St
Priestly ministry
From 1961 until around 1966, Levada worked in parishes in the Archdiocese of Los Angeles, including St. Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. Monica's Church in Santa Monica. He also taught high school and worked in college campus ministry.
After this, he returned to Rome and continued his studies at the North American College. He received a doctorate in sacred theology magna cum laude. A doctorate is an Academic degree that indicates the highest level of academic achievement Latin honors are Latin phrases used to indicate the level of academic distinction with which an Academic degree was earned His 1971 dissertation was written under Francis A. Sullivan, SJ. Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. Francis Aloysius Sullivan SJ is a Catholic theologian and a Jesuit Priest. In the early 1970s, he returned to the United States and taught theology at St. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the John's Seminary School of Theology in Camarillo, California. Camarillo (ˌkæməˈriːoʊ or /ˌkæməˈrɪloʊ/ is a city in Ventura County, California, United States During this time he was also named the first Director of Continuing Education for the Clergy in the archdiocese, and received the title Monsignor. Clergy is the generic term used to describe the formal religious leadership within a given Religion. Monsignor, pl monsignori is the form of address for those members of the Clergy of the Catholic Church holding certain Ecclesiastical
From 1976 to 1982, Levada was an official of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith in the Vatican, having been recommended by Joseph Cardinal Bernardin. Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF ( Congregatio pro Doctrina Fidei) previously known as the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office, Vatican City, officially the State of the Vatican City (Stato della Città del Vaticano is a Landlocked sovereign City-state whose territory Joseph Louis Cardinal Bernardin (originally Bernardini) ( April 2, 1928 &ndash November 14, 1996) was an American During this time, he taught part-time at the Pontifical Gregorian University. At the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Levada served under three popes (Pope Paul VI, Pope John Paul I, and Pope John Paul II), and under two prefects of the CDF (Franjo Cardinal Seper and Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger). Pope Pope John Paul I ( Latin: Ioannes Paulus PP I, Italian: Giovanni Paolo I) born Albino Luciani, ( October 17 1912 Pope Franjo Cardinal Šeper ( October 2, 1905 &mdash December 30, 1981) was a Croatian Prelate of the Roman Catholic Pope Benedict XVI ( Latin: Benedictus PP XVI; Italian: Benedetto XVI; German: Benedikt XVI; born Joseph Alois Ratzinger
In 1982, Timothy Cardinal Manning Archbishop of Los Angeles named Levada as the Executive Director of the California Catholic Conference of Bishops in Sacramento. Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) Timothy Cardinal Manning (born Ballingeary, Ireland on November 15, 1909 - died in Los Angeles California on June 23,
Episcopal ministry
Levada was appointed an auxiliary bishop of Los Angeles and titular bishop of Capreae on 25 March 1983, and was consecrated by Cardinal Manning (with Bishops John Ward and Juan Arzube as co-consecrators) in the Cathedral of St. Vibiana on 12 May 1983. See also Bishop (Catholic Church An auxiliary bishop, in the Roman Catholic Church, is an additional bishop assigned to a Diocese because Main article Bishop (Catholic Church A titular bishop is a bishop of the Catholic Church who is not in charge Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6. Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) In the Catholic Church, a Bishop is an ordained minister who holds the fullness of the priesthood. The former Cathedral of Saint Vibiana, often called St Vibiana's, was the Mother church Cathedral Parish of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre. Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) In 1984 he was appointed episcopal vicar of Santa Barbara County. Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) A vicar general (often abbreviated VG) is the principal deputy of the bishop of a diocese for the exercise of administrative authority Santa Barbara County is a County located on the Pacific coast of the southern portion of the U In 1986 he was appointed chancellor and moderator of the archdiocesan curia. Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) Chancellor or chancellour (archaic ( Latin: cancellarius) is an official Title used in countries whose civilization has arisen In Religion, a curia consists of a group of officials who assist in the governance of a Particular Church. Serving under Roger Cardinal Mahony, Levada reorganized the internal structure of the archdiocese. Roger Michael Cardinal Mahony (born February 27, 1936) is an American Prelate of the Roman Catholic Church.
On 1 July 1986, Levada became the Archbishop of Portland. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) The Archdiocese of Portland in Oregon ( Archidioecesis Portlandensis in Oregon) is an Archdiocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the Pacific Northwest During his tenure in Portland, Levada help to revitalize Mount Angel Seminary; Levada briefly taught at the seminary as well. Portland is a city located in the Northwestern United States, near the Confluence of the Willamette and Columbia rivers A seminary, theological college, or divinity school is a specialized and often live-in Higher education institution for the purpose of instructing students Other accomplishments in Portland included reorganizing Catholic Charities, working in outreach to the Hispanic Catholic community, and renovating St. Mary’s Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception. Catholic Charities is a worldwide Hispanic (hispano hispánico hispânico Hispānus adjective from ''Hispānia'', the Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula) is a term that historically St Mary's Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception is the seat of the Archbishop of Portland in Portland, Oregon, United States and serves
In 1987, Levada and six other bishops were chosen by Cardinal Ratzinger to edit the forthcoming Catechism of the Catholic Church. Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) Pope Benedict XVI ( Latin: Benedictus PP XVI; Italian: Benedetto XVI; German: Benedikt XVI; born Joseph Alois Ratzinger The Catechism of the Catholic Church, or CCC, is an official exposition of the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church and the twenty-two When the Catechism was completed in 1993, the first English translation was very loose and used a great deal of inclusive language. Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Along with Archbishop Eric D'Arcy of Hobart, Australia and Fr. Joseph Eric D'Arcy ( April 25 1924 - December 12 2005) was the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Hobart (Australia from 1988 Hobart is the state capital and most populous city of the Australian island state of Tasmania. John Wall, Levada insisted that this be replaced with a more literal translation, and it was a new and more literal translation that was published in English in 1994. Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Levada also authored the glossary for the second edition of the Catechism.
On 17 August 1995, Levada was appointed coadjutor archbishop of San Francisco, and on 27 December of the same year he succeeded John Raphael Quinn as the archbishop. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 A coadjutor bishop (or bishop coadjutor) is a bishop in the Roman Catholic or Anglican churches who is designated to assist the diocesan bishop Events 537 - The Hagia Sophia is completed 1512 - The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the John Raphael Quinn (born March 28, 1929) is a Roman Catholic Bishop, currently the Archbishop Emeritus of the Archdiocese The Roman Catholic Archbishop of San Francisco is the Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Church in San Francisco, California in the United States Some of Levada's most famous actions as Archbishop of San Francisco involved in the issues surrounding gay rights. Lesbian Gay Bisexual and Transgender social movements share related goals of social acceptance of Homosexuality, Bisexuality and Transgenderism Lesbian In 1997, the City of San Francisco passed a law that all companies must provide the same benefits for domestic partners as for their spouses. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Levada objected that this violated Catholic teaching on the unique status of marriage, but the city would not budge. NOTICE TO WOULD-BE ROMEOS ************** Levada's solution was seen as a compromise in some circles and a brilliant move in others: He ruled that unmarried employees of the archdiocese could designate any person sharing the same address as their beneficiary. This complied with the statute while avoiding a privileged status for unmarried domestic partnerships. Levada also allowed a predominantly gay and lesbian parish in the Castro district, Most Holy Redeemer Church to remain active in the Archdiocese. Homosexuality refers to sexual behavior with or attraction to people of the same sex or to a Homosexual orientation. A parish is a Local church; it is an administrative unit typically found in episcopal or presbyterian churches The Castro District better known as The Castro is a neighborhood within Eureka Valley in San Francisco California. Most Holy Redeemer Church in San Francisco California, is a Roman Catholic parish situated in the Castro district located at 100 Diamond Street (at 18th
In November 2000, Levada was appointed one of the members of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, where he again served under Cardinal Ratzinger. Events in November All Saints' Day (formerly All Hallows Day a Christian holy day is celebrated on November 1, the day after Halloween 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF ( Congregatio pro Doctrina Fidei) previously known as the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office, Pope Benedict XVI ( Latin: Benedictus PP XVI; Italian: Benedetto XVI; German: Benedikt XVI; born Joseph Alois Ratzinger This was a part-time task which let him remain in California.
Also in 2000, Levada became the Bishop Co-Chair of the Anglican-Roman Catholic dialogue in the United States. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. In November 2003, Levada was appointed as Chairman of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops Committee on Doctrine. Events in November All Saints' Day (formerly All Hallows Day a Christian holy day is celebrated on November 1, the day after Halloween Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops ( USCCB) is the official leadership body of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States. This was a three-year term, but he resigned in 2005 due to his new duties in Rome and was replaced by Arthur J. Serratelli, Bishop of Paterson. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Arthur Serratelli (born April 8, 1944) is the current bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Paterson in northern New Jersey The Diocese of Paterson is a Particular church or Diocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States, which
On 18 September 1998, he was principal consecrator at the episcopal ordination of Monsignor John Wester as an auxiliary Bishop of San Francisco. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) John Charles Wester, (born 5 November, 1950) is an American Roman Catholic Bishop. In January 30, 2003, he was again principal consecrator of Monsignor Ignatius C. Wang as a second auxiliary Bishop of San Francisco. Events 1648 - Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster is signed ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Ignatius C Wang (born February 27, 1937, Beijing) is an American Bishop of the Roman Catholic Church. Bishop Wang, a native of Beijing, is the first Chinese and first Asian Bishop to be ordained for a diocese in the United States.
Some have criticized how Levada dealt priests who had committed sexual abuse in Portland and in San Francisco. Allegations of sexual abuse of children have been made against a variety of religious groups including but not exclusively Roman Catholic priests monks and nuns [2] According to Catholics for a Free Choice, a pro-abortion rights lobbying group not affiliated with the Catholic Church, Levada "shielded a pedophile in the Diocese of Portland, Ore. , for approximately nine years, which helped lead to the bankruptcy of the diocese and earned the wrath of survivor groups for his actions on the Vatican’s commission to revise the US bishops’ sex abuse norms. He has been criticized by the Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests (SNAP) for failing to remove priests accused of sexual abuse from active ministry and for keeping documents about those priests secret. The Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests, known as SNAP, established in 1989 is the oldest and most active support group for women and men abused by religious authority "[3] As President and Chancellor of Saint Patrick's Seminary in Menlo Park, Archbishop Levada has had to deal with the dismissal of his academic dean at the seminary, Fr. Saint Patrick Seminary and University in Menlo Park California is a Roman Catholic post-graduate Seminary whose primary mission is the formation of Menlo Park is an affluent City in San Mateo County, in the San Francisco Bay Area of California Carl Anthony Schipper, after the dean's arrest in Santa Rosa on charges apparently related to child pornography and sexual abuse. Santa Rosa is the County seat of Sonoma County California, United States Child pornography refers to material depicting Children being in a state of undress engaged in erotic poses or sexual activity Allegations of sexual abuse of children have been made against a variety of religious groups including but not exclusively Roman Catholic priests monks and nuns [4]
Many Traditional Catholics were unhappy with Levada's refusal to allow Tridentine Masses to be celebrated in his Archdiocese. Traditionalist Catholics are Roman Catholics, or people who identify as Roman Catholics who believe that there should be a restoration of many or all of the liturgical The Tridentine Mass (Missa Tridentina is the form of the Roman Rite Mass contained in the typical editions of the Roman Missal that were published [5] Since his tenure in San Francisco and his move to Rome, Levada has been appointed a member of the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei. The Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei is a commission of the Roman Catholic Church established by Pope John Paul II's Motu proprio This is the organ of the Holy See charged with both the regulating of the Sacraments celebrated according to the 1962 texts in Latin, as well as the reconciliation of Traditional Catholics and Society of St. Pius X to Rome. The Society of St Pius X ( SSPX) is an international Traditionalist Catholic organisation whose official Latin name is Fraternitas Sacerdotalis
Prefect for the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
On May 13, 2005, Pope Benedict XVI appointed Levada to succeed him, the former Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger, as Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Pope Benedict XVI ( Latin: Benedictus PP XVI; Italian: Benedetto XVI; German: Benedikt XVI; born Joseph Alois Ratzinger The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF ( Congregatio pro Doctrina Fidei) previously known as the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office,
It was commonly speculated that the pope's reasons for choosing Levada may have included the fact that Levada had been a principal editor of the Catechism of the Catholic Church, the fact that the two of them had worked together at the CDF in the past, and the pope's desire to have an American heading the CDF since one of its major roles today is to deal with the fallout from the sexual abuse scandal. The Catechism of the Catholic Church, or CCC, is an official exposition of the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church and the twenty-two Allegations of sexual abuse of children have been made against a variety of religious groups including but not exclusively Roman Catholic priests monks and nuns
Levada resigned as Archbishop of San Francisco effective August 17, 2005, the tenth anniversary of the announcement of his appointment as coadjutor to San Francisco. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. One of his last official duties as metropolitan bishop was to serve as principal consecrator of Clarence Richard Silva as the new Bishop of Honolulu, since Honolulu is a suffragan diocese of the San Francisco ecclesiastical province. In Hierarchical Christian churches the rank of metropolitan bishop, or simply metropolitan, pertains to the Diocesan bishop or Clarence Richard Silva, popularly known as Larry Silva (born August 6, 1949, in Honolulu, Hawaii) is a Bishop of The Roman Catholic Bishop of Honolulu is the residential Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu in the United States, which encompasses the entire An ecclesiastical province is a large jurisdiction of religious government so named by analogy with a secular Province, existing in certain hierarchical Christian Levada was replaced in San Francisco as Archbishop by high school classmate George Niederauer. George Hugh Niederauer (born June 14, 1936) is an American Bishop of the Roman Catholic Church.
On 22 February 2006, Benedict XVI announced that Levada was to be elevated to the College of Cardinals, a nomination which was much foreseen, given his Curial position. Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The College of Cardinals (verbose Sacred College of the Holy Roman Church, Sancta Romana Ecclesia, S The Roman Curia is the administrative apparatus of the Holy See and the central governing body of the entire Roman Catholic Church, together with the Pope As a result of his elevation, Cardinal Levada is now eligible to participate in any future papal conclaves that begin before his 80th birthday on June 15, 2016. A papal conclave is a meeting of the College of Cardinals to elect the Pope (or Bishop of Rome) who is considered by Catholics to be the Successor Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history 2016 ( MMXVI) will be a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. On the following 24 March, Levada was named the Cardinal Deacon of S. Maria in Domnica. Events 1401 - Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus. 1603 - James VI of Scotland A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official usually a bishop, of the Catholic Church. Santa Maria in Domnica — also known as Santa Maria alla Navicella — is a Basilica church in Rome.
In addition to his position as Prefect of the CDF, Cardinal Levada is the president of the Pontifical Biblical Commission and the International Theological Commission. The Pontifical Biblical Commission is a committee of Cardinals, aided by Consultors who meet in Rome to ensure the proper interpretation and defense of The International Theological Commission (ITC is a Dicastery of the Roman Curia consisting of 30 Catholic theologians from around the world Levada's other curial positions include membership in the Congregation for Bishops, the Congregation for the Causes of Saints, the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples, the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity, and the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei. The Congregation for Bishops ( Congregatio pro Episcopis) is the congregation of the Roman Curia which oversees the selection of new Bishops pending The Sacred Congregation for the Causes of Saints ( Congregatio de Causis Sanctorum) is the congregation of the Roman Curia which oversees the complex process The Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples ( Congregatio pro Gentium Evangelisatione) is the congregation of the Roman Curia responsible for The Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity origins are associated with the Second Vatican Council which met intermittently from 1962-1965 The Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei is a commission of the Roman Catholic Church established by Pope John Paul II's Motu proprio [6]
The Vatican's Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith issued and published on May 29, 2008, in the Vatican newspaper L'Osservatore Romano, a decree signed by Cardinal William Levada, as Prefect of the Congregation, on the existing ban on women priests by asserting that women priests and the bishops who ordain them would be excommunicated "latae sententiae". Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian defeats the Sassanid army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Latae sententiae is a Latin term used in the canon law of the Catholic Church meaning literally "given (laid down sentence" [7] [8]
Levada's views on theology and society
Cardinal Levada's views mostly reflect the official teachings of the Roman Catholic Church. However, with regard to certain disputed and controversial topics, the following quotes from Levada are pertinent.
On Catholic teachers who dissent from Catholic teachings:
Catholic theology does not recognize the right to dissent, if by that we mean adopting conclusions which are contrary to the clear teachings of the authoritative, noninfallible magisterium and which are presented to the public in such a way as to constitute equivalently an alternative personal magisterium. Magisterium is a "teaching authority especially of the Roman Catholic Church" [9]
In his doctoral dissertation of 1970 in which Levada treated the question of the infallibility of specific moral norms of the natural law, he wrote:
"The human process of formulating moral norms is marked by an essential dependence upon the data of human experience. . . . The variabilities which marked the human process of its discovery and formulation made such particular applications inherently unsuited to be considered for infallible definition. . . . For such formulations must remain essentially open to modification and reformulation based upon moral values as they are perceived in relation to the data and the experience which mark man's understanding of himself. . . . Even though there is nothing to prevent a council or a pope from extending [infallibility] to questions of the natural moral law from the point of view of their authority to do so, nevertheless the "prudential" certitude which characterizes the non-scriptural norms of the natural law argues against such an extension. . . . "[10]
In March of 1995, Pope John Paul II, however explicitly confirmed that the Church's teachings against murder (par. 57), abortion (par. 62), and euthanasia (par. 65) were, in fact, specific moral norms which the Church's ordinary and universal Magisterium had protected with infallibility.
Within 68 days, Levada publicly stated, in contrast to the conclusion he reached in 1970, that the Catholic Church's teaching regarding the immorality of directly-willed abortion had been infallibly taught by the ordinary and universal magisterium:
The individual politician, like any Catholic, who is at odds with the teaching of the Church about the principle involved, i. An The Infallibility of the Church is the belief that the Holy Spirit will not allow the Church to err in its belief or teaching under certain circumstances The Infallibility of the Church is the belief that the Holy Spirit will not allow the Church to err in its belief or teaching under certain circumstances e. , that abortion constitutes the killing of innocent human life and is always gravely immoral (cf. Evangelium Vitae, nn. 57-62), has an obligation to reflect more deeply on the issue, in the hope of allowing the persuasive character of this infallibly taught teaching to become part of his belief and value system. I say infallibly taught not because Pope John Paul II has assumed in Evangelium Vitae the special prerogative recognized for individual papal teachings in the First Vatican Council, but rather because he has called attention explicitly to the fact that Catholic teaching on abortion has been an infallible doctrine of the Church by virtue of the universal ordinary Magisterium, recognized for the teachings of the Pope and worldwide college of bishops together by the Second Vatican Council. [11]
Some argue that the two statements indicate a change in Levada's views, suggesting that he altered his views to conform to the Pope's statement. However, this ignores the 25 years intervening between his dissertation and Evangelium Vitae, during which he surely matured in his views. However again, there is very little contradiction between these two statements. The young Levada merely questions whether the prudential judgements of Natural Law are themselves infallible. Then he suggests that it is unwise for the Holy Father to exercise infallible authority on specifically non-scriptural matters of natural law
In Evangelium Vitae, John Paul was writing about a specific principle of natural law, found in Scripture, and declaring that the principle is protected by infallibility. Since the passage in Levada's dissertation refers to principles of natural law that are not found in Scripture, there is really no conflict between the two viewpoints.
Addressing the issue of homosexual activity, Levada led a march of approximately 1,000 people through the streets of San Francisco in April of 2005 to protest gay marriage. For his denunciation of same-sex marriage, Levada has been criticized by LGBT associations. Same-sex marriage (also referred to as gay marriage) is a term for a legally or Socially recognized Marriage between two people of the same LGBT (also GLBT) is an initialism referring collectively to Lesbian, Gay, bisexual, and Transgender / transsexual He wrote in 2004:
Heterosexual marriage, procreation and the nurturing of children form the bedrock of the family, and the family unit lies at the heart of every society. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " To extend the meaning of marriage beyond a union of a man and a woman, their procreative capacity, and their establishment of family represents a misguided understanding of marriage.
On Catholic politicians:
A Catholic, to be in full communion with the faith of the Church, must accept this teaching about the evil of abortion and euthanasia.
On Islam:
If both Islam and Christianity view themselves as universal and missionary, it does not mean an impasse but an opportunity to search further into the mystery of that faith to see how it resonates and relates to the other's faith.
Significance of Levada's role
As Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Levada is the principal defender of all the moral and theological doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church, sometimes acting as chief prosecutor against members of the Church who have strayed from those values. The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF ( Congregatio pro Doctrina Fidei) previously known as the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office, As the most influential position in the government of the Church apart from the Holy Father himself, Levada is considered the highest ranking American in the institution.
Other Americans heading dicasteries in the Roman Curia and associated institutions include James Francis Cardinal Stafford, Major Penitentiary; and Archbishop James Harvey, Prefect of the Pontifical Household. The Roman Curia is the administrative apparatus of the Holy See and the central governing body of the entire Roman Catholic Church, together with the Pope James Francis Stafford (born July 26, 1932) is an American Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Archbishop James Michael Harvey (born October 20 1949) is a Roman Catholic Archbishop. The Prefecture for the of the Pontifical Household or Papal Household, formerly known as Maestro di Camera del Papa is an office of the Roman Curia.
Quotations
- On slavery: "There is a long tradition in the church of accepting the institution of slavery, but in the light of the repeated teachings of modern popes and the Second Vatican Council on the dignity of the human person, church teaching has evolved from acceptance of slavery as part of the human condition to its eventual condemnation. As a social-economic system slavery is a legal institution under which a Person (called "a slave" is compelled to work for another The Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican, or Vatican II, was the twentieth century Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. "
- On the CDF: "if corrections took place by peers, if there were a functioning process of serious review and assessment in light of Catholic doctrine by theologians competent to evaluate the work of one of their own, there would be much less work for us to do in the congregation. "
- On the Protestant church: "According to Catholic doctrine, these Communities do not enjoy apostolic succession in the sacrament of Orders, and are, therefore, deprived of a constitutive element of the Church. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. These ecclesial Communities which, specifically because of the absence of the sacramental priesthood, have not preserved the genuine and integral substance of the Eucharistic Mystery cannot, according to Catholic doctrine, be called "Churches" in the proper sense"[12]
Episcopal Succession
| Episcopal Lineage | |
| Consecrated by: | Timothy Cardinal Manning |
| Date of consecration: | May 23, 1983 |
| Consecrator of | |
|---|---|
| Bishop | Date of consecration |
| Tod David Brown | April 3, 1989 |
| Alexander Joseph Brunett | July 6, 1994 |
| John Charles Wester | September 18, 1998 |
| Joseph Anthony Pepe | May 31, 2001 |
| Ignatius Chung Wang | January 30, 2003 |
| Clarence Richard Silva | July 21, 2005 |
References
Footnotes
- ^ Distinguished Americans & Canadians of Portuguese Descent. The episcopate is the collective body of all Bishops of a church Timothy Cardinal Manning (born Ballingeary, Ireland on November 15, 1909 - died in Los Angeles California on June 23, Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) Tod David Brown (born November 15, 1936) is an American Prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) Alexander Joseph Brunett (born January 17, 1934) is the current Archbishop of Seattle. Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) John Charles Wester, (born 5 November, 1950) is an American Roman Catholic Bishop. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Events 1279 BC - Rameses II (The Great (19th dynasty becomes pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Ignatius C Wang (born February 27, 1937, Beijing) is an American Bishop of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 1648 - Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster is signed ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Clarence Richard Silva, popularly known as Larry Silva (born August 6, 1949, in Honolulu, Hawaii) is a Bishop of Events 356 BC - Herostratus sets fire to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2008-01-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople.
- ^ San Francisco Chronicle, May 21, 2003, online here. The San Francisco Chronicle was founded in 1865 as The Daily Dramatic Chronicle by teenage brothers Charles de Young and Michael H
- ^ Catholics for a Free Choice, "The Making of a Papacy: A Report on the First One Hundred Days of Pope Benedict XVI", July 2005, online here.
- ^ The Almanac (Menlo Park, California), March 8, 2000, online here. Menlo Park is an affluent City in San Mateo County, in the San Francisco Bay Area of California
- ^ San Francisco Faith, March 1999, online here.
- ^ "Levada, Card. William Joseph", College of Cardinals Biographical Notes, Holy See Press Office, url accessed March 18, 2007
- ^ Vatican says will excommunicate women priests from Reuters
- ^ Vatican sends threat over women priests From CNN
- ^ "Dissent and the Catholic Religion Teacher", Speech to National Catholic Educational Association, April 2, 1986. This article is primarily about Reuters prior to its 2008 merger with Thomson Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner Printed in Origins, v. 16 (1986), pp. 195-200. Reprinted in Readings in Moral Theology No. 6: Dissent in the Church, ed. by Charles Curran and Richard McCormick, Paulist Press, 1988, pp. 133-151, ISBN 0-8091-2930-2.
- ^ (Doctoral dissertation, Infallible Church Magisterium and the Natural Law, 1971)
- ^ From The Catholic Sentinel, 6/2/1995.
- ^ Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF), Responses to some questions regarding certain aspects of the doctrine on the church; http://212.77.1.245/news_services/bulletin/news/20581.php?index=20581<=en#TESTO%20IN%20LINGUA%20INGLESE
Additional sources
- Catholic hierarchy
- Biography of Levada from Archdiocese of San Francisco website
- Statement of Levada on his appointment as Prefect for the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (May 13, 2005)
- Article in National Catholic Reporter by John Allen analyzing the choice of Levada (May 13, 2005)
- Profile of Levada in the San Francisco Chronicle (May 14, 2005)
- Most Holy Redeemer Parish (May 17, 2005)
- Interview with Vatican Radio shortly after his appointment as Prefect
- Interview with interesting remarks in March 2007
| Preceded by Cornelius Michael Power | Archbishop of Portland 1986–1995 | Succeeded by Francis Cardinal George, OMI |
| Preceded by John Raphael Quinn | Archbishop of San Francisco 1995–2005 | Succeeded by George Hugh Niederauer |
| Preceded by Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger | Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith 2005 – present | Incumbent |
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