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For the musician, orchestrator, and composer, see William Kidd (composer). William "Bill" Kidd is a musician conductor, composer and orchestrator
For the 1945 film starring Charles Laughton, see Captain Kidd (1945 film). Charles Laughton ( 1 July, 1899 &ndash 15 December, 1962) was an English Academy Award -winning stage and Captain Kidd ( 1945) is a film starring Charles Laughton, Randolph Scott, Barbara Britton, and John Carradine, directed
For the 15th century English pirate, see William Kyd. William Kyd (fl 1430-1453 was a 15th century English pirate active in Southeast England from the 1430s until the 1450s
William Kidd
c. 1645 – May 23, 1701
Image:William Kidd.jpg
William Kidd
Type: Privateer
Place of birth: Greenock, Scotland
Place of death: Wapping, England
Allegiance: Kingdom of England

William "Captain" Kidd (c. 1645 – May 23, 1701)[1] was a Scottish sailor remembered for his trial and execution for piracy after returning from a voyage to the Indian Ocean. Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne Greenock ( Gaelic Grianaig g̊ɾʲiənɛg̊ʲ is a large town and former Burgh of barony in the Inverclyde Council area of western Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Wapping (pronounced 'Wopping' is a place in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets which forms part of the Docklands to the east of the City of London. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The Kingdom of England was a State (927-1707 located in Western Europe dating from the ninth or tenth century to the early eighteenth century when it was legally Circa (often abbreviated c, ca, ca or cca and sometimes Italicized to show it is Latin) means "about" Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Capital punishment, the death penalty or execution, is the Killing of a person by judicial process as Punishment. Piracy is Robbery committed at sea or sometimes on shore without a commission from a sovereign Nation (as distinct from Privateering The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's Oceanic divisions covering about 20% of the water on the Earth 's surface Some modern historians deem his piratical reputation unjust, as there is evidence that Kidd acted only as a privateer. A privateer was a private Warship authorized by a country's Government by Letters of marque to attack foreign shipping Kidd's fame springs largely from the sensational circumstances of his questioning before the English Parliament and the ensuing trial. The Parliament of England was the Legislature of the Kingdom of England. His actual depredations on the high seas, whether piratical or not, were both less destructive and less lucrative than those of many other contemporary pirates and privateers.

Contents

Biography

According to most scholars, Kidd was born into a reputable family in Belfast, Ireland in 1645. Belfast ( is the capital city of Northern Ireland and the seat of government in Northern Ireland. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world However, recent genealogical research suggests that Kidd was born in Dundee,[2] despite his 'death-row' claim to be from Greenock. Dundee (Dùn Dèagh is the fourth-largest city in Scotland and fully named as Dundee City, one of Scotland's 32 local government council Greenock ( Gaelic Grianaig g̊ɾʲiənɛg̊ʲ is a large town and former Burgh of barony in the Inverclyde Council area of western [3][4] According to myth or other stories, his "father was thought to have been a Church of Scotland minister". [5][6] After the death of his father, when he was five-years old, Kidd moved to the colony of New York. It was here that he befriended many prominent colonial citizens, including three governors. A governor is a governing official usually the executive (at least nominally to different degrees also politically and administratively of a non-sovereign level of government

During the War of the Grand Alliance, on orders from the province of New York, Massachusetts, Kidd captured an enemy privateer, which duty he was commissioned to perform[7] off of the New England coast. The Nine Years' War (1688–97 – often called the War of the Grand Alliance or the War of the League of Augsburg – was a major war of the late 17th The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. A privateer was a private Warship authorized by a country's Government by Letters of marque to attack foreign shipping History See also History of New England New England's earliest inhabitants were Algonquian -speaking Native Americans including the Shortly thereafter, Kidd was awarded £150 for successful privateering in the Caribbean. The Pound Sterling ( symbol £; ISO code: GBP) subdivided into 100 pence (singular penny) is the Currency The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting One year later, "Captain" Culliford, a notorious pirate, had stolen Kidd's ship while he was ashore at Antigua in the West Indies. Robert Culliford was an English Pirate who was the former first mate of Captain William Kidd before spearheading a mutiny to steal Kidd's first ship the Antigua (ænˈtiːgə an-TEE-gah) is an Island in the West Indies, in the Leeward Islands in the Caribbean region the main The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting In 1695, William III of England replaced the corrupt governor Benjamin Fletcher, known for accepting bribes of one hundred dollars to allow illegal trading of pirate loot, with Richard Coote, Earl of Bellomont. William III or William of Orange (14 November 1650 &ndash 8 March 1702 He is informally known in Northern Ireland and Scotland as "King Billy" This article is about the colonial governor For the IWW organiser see Ben Fletcher Benjamin Fletcher (1640-1703 was colonial governor of New York from 1692 Bribery, a form of pecuniary corruption is an act usually implying money or gift given that alters the behaviour of the recipient in ways not consistent with the duties of that person Richard Coote 1st Earl of Bellomont (1636 5 March 1701) was colonial Governor of New York from 1698 to 1701 and of Massachusetts from 1699 [8] In New York City, Kidd was active in the building of Trinity Church, New York. Trinity Church, at 79 Broadway in New York City, is a historic full service Parish church in the Episcopal Diocese of New York. [9]

Preparing his expedition

On December 11, 1695, Bellomont, who was now governing New York, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire, asked the "trusty and well beloved Captain Kidd"[10] to attack Thomas Tew, John Ireland, Thomas Wake, William Maze, and all others who associated themselves with pirates, along with any enemy French ships. Events 359 - Honoratus, the first known Prefect of the City of Constantinople, takes office New Hampshire ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. Thomas Tew (?-1695 aka the Rhode Island Pirate was a 17th century English Privateer turned Pirate. John Ireland may refer to John Ireland (theologian (1440&ndash1495 Scottish theologian and Rector of the Sorbonne John Ireland (martyr Thomas Wake 2nd Baron Wake of Liddell (1297 &ndash May 31, 1349) English baron belonged to a Lincolnshire family which had lands also in This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. This request preceded the voyage which established Kidd's reputation as a pirate, and marked his image in history and folklore. History The concept of folklore developed as part of the 19th century ideology of Romantic nationalism, leading to the reshaping of oral traditions to serve modern ideological

Four-fifths of the cost for the venture was paid for by noble lords, who were among the most powerful men in England: the Earl of Orford, The Baron of Romney, the Duke of Shrewsbury and Sir John Somers. Admiral of the Fleet Edward Russell 1st Earl of Orford, PC (1653 &ndash 26 November 1727) was the First Lord of the Admiralty under Charles Talbot 1st Duke of Shrewsbury, KG, PC ( 24 July 1660 &ndash 1 February 1718) was the only son of the 11th John Somers 1st Baron Somers, PC, FRS ( 4 March 1651 &ndash 26 April 1716) was Lord High Chancellor of England Kidd was presented with a letter of marque, signed personally by King William III of England. A letter of marque is an official warrant or commission from a Government authorizing the designated agent to search seize or destroy specified assets William III or William of Orange (14 November 1650 &ndash 8 March 1702 He is informally known in Northern Ireland and Scotland as "King Billy" This letter reserved 10% of the loot for the Crown, and Henry Gilbert's The Book of Pirates suggests that the King may have fronted some of the money for the voyage himself. Kidd and an acquaintance, Colonel Robert Livingston, orchestrated the whole plan and paid for the rest. Robert Livingston the Elder ( December 13, 1654 – October 1, 1728) was a New York colonial official and first lord of Kidd had to sell his ship Antigua to raise funds.

The new ship, the Adventure Galley,[11] was well suited to the task of catching pirates; weighing over 284 tons, it was equipped with 34 cannons, oars, and 150 men. Adventure Galley, aka Adventure, was an English Ship captained by William Kidd, the notorious Privateer turned Tonnage is a measure of the size or Cargo capacity of a Ship. Naval artillery in the Age of Sail encompasses the period of roughly 1571-1863 when large sail-powered wooden naval warships dominated the high seas mounting a bewildering The oars were a key advantage as they would enable the Adventure Galley to maneuver in a battle when the winds had calmed and other ships were dead in the water. Kidd took pride in personally selecting the crew, choosing only those he deemed to be the best and most loyal officers.

As the Adventure Galley sailed down the Thames, Kidd unaccountably failed to salute a Navy yacht at Greenwich as custom dictated. The Thames ( is a major River flowing through southern England. The Navy yacht then fired a shot to make him show respect, and Kidd’s crew… responded with an astounding display of impudence — by turning and slapping their backsides in [disdain]. [12]

Because of his crew's refusal to salute, he retaliated by pressing much of Kidd's crew into naval service, this despite rampant protests. Impressment (colloquially " the Press " or " press-ganging " is the act of conscripting people to serve in the military or navy usually The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore known as the Senior Service) Thus short-handed, Kidd sailed for New York City, capturing a French vessel en route (which was legal under the terms of his commission). The City of New York To make up for the lack of officers, Kidd picked up replacement crew in New York, the vast majority of whom were known and hardened criminals, some undoubtedly former pirates.

Among Kidd's officers was his quartermaster, Hendrick van der Heul. Quartermaster refers to two different military occupations In land armies it is a term referring to a military individual or unit who specializes in supplying and provisioning troops The quartermaster was considered 'second in command' to the captain in pirate culture of this era. It is not clear, however, if Van der Heul exercised this degree of responsibility because Kidd was nominally a privateer. Van der Heul is also noteworthy because he may have been African or of African-American descent. African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa A contemporary source describes him as a "small black Man. " However, the meaning of this term is not certain as, in late seventeenth-century usage, the phrase "black Man" could mean either black-skinned or black-haired. If van der Heul was indeed of African ancestry, this fact would make him the highest ranking black pirate so far identified. Van der Heul went on to become a master's mate on a merchant vessel, and was never convicted of piracy.

Hunting for pirates

In September 1696, Kidd weighed anchor and set course for the Cape of Good Hope. The Cape of Good Hope ( Afrikaans: Kaap die Goeie Hoop, Kaap de Goede Hoop Cabo da Boa Esperança Persian Language: دماغه امید نیک However, more bad luck struck, and a third of his crew soon perished on the Comoros due to an outbreak of cholera. Luck (also called fortunity) is a chance happening, or that which happens beyond a person's control. The Comoros (ˈkɒməroʊz; جزر القمر Juzur al-Qumur) officially the Union of the Comoros (Union des Comores الإتّحاد القمريّ Cholera, sometimes known as Asiatic cholera or epidemic cholera, is an infectious Gastroenteritis caused by the Bacterium To make matters worse, the brand-new ship developed many leaks, and he failed to find the pirates he expected to encounter off Madagascar. Madagascar, or Republic of Madagascar (older name Malagasy Republic) is an Island nation in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern Kidd then sailed to the Strait of Bab-el-Mandeb at the southern entrance of the Red Sea, one of the most popular haunts of rovers on the Pirate Round. The Bab-el-Mandeb (variously Transliterated Mandab or Mandib, and with article "el-" given also as "al-" with or without connecting The Red Sea is a Salt water Inlet of the Indian Ocean between Africa and Asia. The Pirate Round was a sailing route followed by certain Anglo-American pirates, mainly during the late 17th century Here he again failed to find any pirates. According to Edward Barlow, a captain employed by the British East India Company, Kidd attacked a Mughal convoy here under escort by Barlow's East Indiaman, and was beaten off. The Honourable East India Company ( HEIC) referred to most commonly as the East India Company, also historically and colloquially as John Company, or An East Indiaman was a Ship operating under charter or licence to the Honourable East India Company. If the report is true, this marked Kidd's first foray into piracy.

As it became obvious his ambitious enterprise was failing, he became understandably desperate to cover its costs. But, once again, Kidd failed to attack several ships when given a chance, including a Dutchman and New York privateer. Some of the crew deserted Kidd the next time the Adventure Galley anchored offshore, and those who decided to stay behind made constant open-threats of mutiny. Coercion (co-er-shion is the practice of compelling a person or manipulating them to behave in an involuntary way (whether through action or inaction by use of threats Mutiny is a conspiracy among members of a group of similarly-situated individuals (typically members of the Military; or the Crew of any ship even

Howard Pyle's fanciful painting of Kidd and his ship, the Adventure Galley, in New York Harbor.
Howard Pyle's fanciful painting of Kidd and his ship, the Adventure Galley, in New York Harbor. New York Harbor, a geographic term refers collectively to the rivers bays and tidal estuaries near the mouth of the Hudson River in the vicinity of New York City

Kidd killed one of his own crewmen on October 30, 1697. Events 637 - Antioch surrenders to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge. While Kidd's gunner, William Moore, was on deck sharpening a chisel, a Dutch ship hove in sight. A chisel is a Tool with a characteristically shaped Cutting edge (such that wood chisels have lent part of their name to a particular grind) of blade on Moore urged Kidd to attack the Dutchman, an act not only piratical but also certain to anger the Dutch-born King William. Kidd refused, calling Moore a lousy dog. Moore retorted, "If I am a lousy dog, you have made me so; you have brought me to ruin and many more. " Kidd snatched up and heaved an ironbound bucket at Moore. Moore fell to the deck with a fractured skull and died the following day. A skull fracture is a break in one or more of the bones in the Skull caused by a Head injury. [13]

While seventeenth century English admiralty law allowed captains great leeway in using violence against their crew, outright murder was not permitted. Admiralty law (also referred to as maritime law) is a distinct body of Law which governs maritime questions and offenses Violence is the exertion of force so as to injure or abuse The word is used broadly to describe the destructive action of natural phenomena like Storms and Earthquakes Murder is the unlawful killing of another human person with Malice aforethought, as defined in Common Law countries But Kidd seemed unconcerned, later explaining to his surgeon that he had "good friends in England, that will bring me off for that. "

Accusations of piracy

Acts of savagery on Kidd’s part were reported by escaped prisoners, who told stories of being hoisted up by the arms and drubbed with a naked cutlass. A cutlass is a short thick Sabre or slashing Sword, with a straight or slightly curved Blade sharpened on the cutting edge and a Hilt often In truth, many of these acts were committed by his disobedient and mutinous crew. On one occasion, crewmembers ransacked the trading ship, Mary and tortured several of its crewmembers while Kidd and the other captain, Thomas Parker conversed privately in Kidd's cabin. When Kidd found out what had happened, he was outraged and forced his men to return most of the stolen property.

Kidd was declared a pirate very early in his voyage by a Royal Navy officer to whom he had promised "thirty men or so". [14] Kidd sailed away during the night to preserve his crew, rather than subject them to Royal Navy impressment. Impressment (colloquially " the Press " or " press-ganging " is the act of conscripting people to serve in the military or navy usually

On January 30, 1698, he raised French colors and took his greatest prize, an Armenian ship, the 400 ton Quedah Merchant,[15][16] which was loaded with satins, muslins, gold, silver, an incredible variety of East Indian merchandise, as well as extremely valuable silks. Events 1648 - Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster is signed ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain Armenia (Հայաստան transliterated: Hayastan,) officially the Republic of Armenia (Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն Hayastani The Quedah Merchant was a ship used by Captain Kidd. Possible Discovery of the Quedah Merchant In December 2007 just off the coast of Catalina Satin is a Cloth that typically has a glossy surface and a dull back Muslin is a type of finely-woven Cotton fabric, introduced to Europe from the Middle East in the 17th century Gold (ˈɡoʊld is a Chemical element with the symbol Au (from its Latin name aurum) and Atomic number 79 Silver (ˈsɪlvɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol " Ag " (argentum from the Ancient Greek: ἀργήντος - argēntos gen In Marketing, a product is anything that can be offered to a Market that might satisfy a want or need Silk is a natural Protein Fiber, some forms of which can be woven into Textiles The best-known type of silk is obtained from cocoons The captain of the Quedah Merchant was an Englishman named Wright, who had purchased passes from the French East India Company promising him the protection of the French Crown. After realizing the captain of the taken vessel was an Englishman, Kidd tried to persuade his crew to return the ship to its owners, but they refused, claiming that their prey was perfectly legal as Kidd was commissioned to take French ships, and that an Armenian ship counted as French if it had French passes. In an attempt to maintain his tenuous control over his crew, Kidd relented and kept the prize. When this news reached England, it confirmed Kidd's reputation as a pirate, and various naval commanders were ordered to "pursue and seize the said Kidd and his accomplices" for the "notorious piracies"[17] they had committed.

Kidd kept the French passes of the Quedah Merchant, as well as the vessel itself. While the passes were at best a dubious defense of his capture, British admiralty and vice-admiralty courts (especially in North America) heretofore had often winked at privateers' excesses into piracy, and Kidd may have been hoping that the passes would provide the legal fig leaf that would allow him to keep the Quedah Merchant and her cargo. Renaming the seized merchantman the Adventure Prize, he set sail for Madagascar.

On April 1, 1698, Kidd reached Madagascar. Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Here he found the first pirate of his voyage, Robert Culliford, (the same man who had stolen Kidd’s ship years before) and his crew aboard the Mocha Frigate. Robert Culliford was an English Pirate who was the former first mate of Captain William Kidd before spearheading a mutiny to steal Kidd's first ship the Probably realizing that his men would not attack Culliford's powerful vessel if ordered, Kidd anchored near the Mocha Frigate and made peaceful overtures to Culliford, promising him that he meant his fellow pirate no harm. Most of Kidd's men now abandoned him for Culliford. Only 13 remained with the Adventure Galley.

Deciding to return home, Kidd left the Adventure Galley behind, ordering her to be burnt because she had become worm-eaten and leaky. Adventure Galley, aka Adventure, was an English Ship captained by William Kidd, the notorious Privateer turned By burning the ship, he was able to salvage every last scrap of metal, for example hinges. With the loyal remnant of his crew, he returned home aboard the Adventure Prize.

Trial

Prior to Kidd returning to New York City, he learned that he was a wanted pirate, and that several English men-of-war were searching for him. A man-of-war (also man of war, man-o'-war or simply man) is an armed naval vessel Realizing that the Adventure Prize was a marked vessel, he cached it in the Caribbean Sea and continued toward New York aboard a sloop. For the region see Caribbean. The Caribbean Sea (kəˈrɪbiən or /ˌkærɨˈbiːən/ is a tropical Sea in the Western Hemisphere He is alleged to have deposited some of his treasure on Gardiners Island, hoping to use his knowledge of its location as a bargaining tool. Gardiners Island is a small Island in eastern Suffolk County in the U

Bellomont (an investor) was away in Boston, Massachusetts. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. Aware of the accusations against Kidd, Bellomont was justifiably afraid of being implicated in piracy himself, and knew that presenting Kidd to England in chains was his best chance to save his own neck. He lured Kidd into Boston with false promises of clemency[18], then ordered him arrested on July 6, 1699. Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England Kidd was placed in Stone Prison, spending most of the time in solitary confinement. Solitary confinement, colloquially referred to in American English as "the hole" or "the pound" (or in British English "the block" is a Punishment His wife, Sarah, was also imprisoned. The conditions of Kidd's imprisonment were extremely harsh, and appear to have driven him at least temporarily insane.

He was eventually (after over a year) sent to England for questioning by Parliament. The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories The new Tory ministry hoped to use Kidd as a tool to discredit the Whigs who had backed him, but Kidd refused to name names, naively confident his patrons would reward his loyalty by interceding on his behalf. Finding Kidd politically useless, the Tory leaders sent him to stand trial before the High Court of Admiralty in London for the charges of piracy on high seas and the murder of William Moore. Admiralty courts, also known as maritime courts, are courts exercising Jurisdiction over all maritime Contracts Torts injuries and offences Whilst awaiting trial, Kidd was confined in the infamous Newgate Prison and wrote several letters to King William requesting clemency. For the prison in East Granby, Connecticut, see Old Newgate Prison.

Kidd was tried without representation, and was shocked to learn at his trial that he was charged with murder. He was found guilty on all charges (murder and five counts of piracy). He was hanged on May 23, 1701, at 'Execution Dock', Wapping, in London. Hanging is the lethal suspension of a person by a ligature The Oxford English Dictionary states that hanging in this sense is "specifically to put to death Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne The "Execution Dock" was located on the Thames in the Wapping area of London, England, United Kingdom. Wapping (pronounced 'Wopping' is a place in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets which forms part of the Docklands to the east of the City of London. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. During the execution, the hangman's rope broke and Kidd was hanged on the second attempt. His body was gibbeted — left to hang in an iron cage over the River Thames, London — as a warning to future would-be pirates for two years. A gibbet is any of several different devices used in the public execution of criminals and the deterrence of future crime The Thames ( is a major River flowing through southern England.

His associates Richard Barleycorn, Robert Lamley, William Jenkins, Gabriel Loffe, Able Owens, and Hugh Parrot were convicted, but pardoned just prior to hanging at Execution Dock.

Kidd's Whig backers were embarrassed by his trial. The Whigs (with the Tories) are often described as one of two political parties in England and later the United Kingdom from the late 17th to Far from rewarding his loyalty, they participated in the effort to convict him by depriving him of the money and information which might have provided him with some legal defense. In particular, the two sets of French passes he had kept were missing at his trial. These passes (and others dated 1700) resurfaced in the early twentieth century, misfiled with other government papers in a London building. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. These passes call the extent of Kidd's guilt into question. Along with the papers, many goods were brought from the ships and soon auctioned off as "pirate plunder. " They were never mentioned in the trial. Nevertheless, none of these items would have prevented his conviction for murdering Moore.

Mythology and legend

The belief that Kidd had left a buried treasure somewhere, contributed considerably to the growth of his legend. Treasure (from Greek θησαυρος Thesaurus, meaning "a treasure of the chest" is a Cognate) is a concentration of riches often one This belief had made its contributions to literature in Edgar Allan Poe's "The Gold-Bug", Washington Irving's The Devil and Tom Walker , Robert Louis Stevenson's Treasure Island and Nelson DeMille's Plum Island. Literature is the Art of written works Literally translated the word means "acquaintance with letters" (from Latin littera letter Edgar Allan Poe (January 19 1809 – October 7 1849 was an American poet, short-story Writer, editor and Literary critic, " The Gold-Bug " is a Short story by Edgar Allan Poe, set on Sullivan's Island, South Carolina involving deciphering a secret message Washington Irving (April 3 1783 – November 28 1859 was an American Author, essayist, biographer and historian of the early 19th " The Devil and Tom Walker " is a short story by Washington Irving that first appeared in 1824 collection of stories and sketches Tales of a Traveller Robert Louis Balfour Stevenson (13 November 1850–3 December 1894 was a Scottish novelist poet and travel writer, and a representative of Neo-romanticism in Treasure Island is an adventure Novel by author Robert Louis Stevenson, narrating a tale of "pirates and buried gold" Nelson Richard DeMille (born August 23, 1943) is an American author It also gave impetus to the never-ending treasure hunts conducted on Oak Island in Nova Scotia, in Suffolk County, Long Island in New York where Gardiner's Island is located, Charles Island in Milford, Connecticut, and in the Thimble Islands in Connecticut. TalkOak Island. If you believe this article can be improved either make the necessary changes yourself or state your Nova Scotia (ˌnəʊvəˈskəʊʃə ( Latin for New Scotland; Alba Nuadh Nouvelle-Écosse is a Canadian province located on Canada 's Suffolk County is a county located in the US state of New York. Long Island is an island located in southeastern New York, USA, its western shores directly across from Manhattan, from which the island stretches New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Gardiners Island is a small Island in eastern Suffolk County in the U Charles Island is a 14 acre (57000 m² Island located roughly 0 Connecticut ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. The Thimble Islands are an Archipelago of small Islands in Long Island Sound, in and near the harbor of Stony Creek Connecticut in the southeast Connecticut ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America.

In 1983, American combat photojournalist Cork Graham, and British comedy actor-turned treasure hunter Richard Knight, illegally entered Vietnamese waters in search of treasure supposedly belonging to Captain Kidd. A war correspondent is a Journalist who covers stories firsthand from a war zone. Cork Graham (born November 29, 1964) is an American Author, Screenwriter, Film producer, director, Actor, Knight's research began after a disagreement about a map included in The Money Pit Mystery by Rupert Fourneaux. The map, verified as part of Kidd's cache, is labelled "China Sea", yet theorized by Fourneaux to be Oak Island, even though the map and Oak Island topography are completely different. TalkOak Island. If you believe this article can be improved either make the necessary changes yourself or state your Graham and Knight were held for more than a year on trumped up charges of spying for the CIA. Cork Graham (born November 29, 1964) is an American Author, Screenwriter, Film producer, director, Actor, near as long as it used to be several months ago It has been actively summarized and split into sub-articles and there is a dynamic talk page discussion of all [19]

Captain Kidd did bury a small cache of treasure on Gardiner's Island in a spot known as Cherry Tree Field; however, it was removed by Governor Bellomont and sent to England to be used as evidence against him. Gardiners Island is a small Island in eastern Suffolk County in the U [20]

Kidd also visited Block Island around 1699, where he was supplied by Mrs. Block Island is part of the US state of Rhode Island and is located in the Atlantic Ocean approximately south of the coast of Rhode Island Mercy (Sands) Raymond, daughter of the mariner James Sands. The story has it that, for her hospitality, Mrs. Raymond was bid to hold out her apron, into which Kidd threw gold and jewels until it was full. After her husband Joshua Raymond died, Mercy moved with her family to northern New London, Connecticut (later Montville), where she bought much land. New London is a seaport city and a Port of entry on the northeast coast of the United States The Raymond family was thus said to have been "enriched by the apron". [21]

There is also a mention of Kidd attacking one of the Japanese islands of the Tokara archipelago, south of Kagoshima. The Tokara Islands (吐噶喇列島 or トカラ列島 tokara rettō) is a group of islands in the northern part of the Nansei Islands (encompassing the Ryukyu WikipediaWikiProject Japanese prefectures for guidelines --> is a prefecture of Japan located on Kyūshū Island. It is the most southern island named Takarajima, which translates literally as "Treasure Island. literally "treasure island" is one of the Tokara Islands, belonging to Kagoshima Prefecture. " The legend says that all the pirates requested food and cattle from the inhabitants of the island. Their offer was refused and thus 23 of the pirates landed and burned alive the inhabitants in a lime cave, while after, Kidd has hidden his treasure in one of the caves, for which he has never come back due to his execution in England.

The Dominican Republic's small Catalina Island, in the Caribbean, is being studied since December 13, 2007, by a team of underwater archeologists from Indiana University, after an Italian tourist notified the existence of an old wreckage at just 10 feet of clear-blue waters, at a distance of no more than 70 feet off shore. There was no evidence of looting at the site, despite its remains believed to have been buried since the 17th century in what has proved to be the Quedah Merchant. The Quedah Merchant was a ship used by Captain Kidd. Possible Discovery of the Quedah Merchant In December 2007 just off the coast of Catalina

In popular culture

Quedah Merchant Ship Found

For years, people and treasure hunters have tried to locate the Quedah Merchant ship. [22] It was reported on December 13, 2007, that "wreckage of a pirate ship abandoned by Captain Kidd in the 17th century has been found by divers in shallow waters off the Dominican Republic. " The waters in which the ship was found were less than ten feet deep and were only 70 feet off of Catalina Island, just to the south of La Romana on the Dominican coast. The ship is believed to be "the remains of Quedah Merchant". [23][24] Charles Beeker, the director of Academic Diving and Underwater Science Programs in IU Bloomington's School of Health, was one of the experts leading the Indiana University diving team. Indiana University, founded in 1820, is a nine-campus University system in the state of Indiana. He said that it was "remarkable that the wreck has remained undiscovered all these years given its location", and given that the ship has been the subject of so many prior failed searches. [25]

See also

References

Footnotes

  1. ^ William Kidd. UXL Encyclopedia of World Biography (2003). Retrieved on 2007-12-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life
  2. ^ KIDD-L Archives — Subject: [KIDD-L Captain William Kidd: recent biography]. RootsWeb. Retrieved on 2007-12-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life
  3. ^ William Kidd 1645–1701. Retrieved on 2007-12-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life
  4. ^ William Kidd Undiscovered Scotland: The Ultimate Online Guide. Retrieved on 2007-12-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life
  5. ^ Pirates: William Kidd. Genealogy & Family History Achievements Heraldry and Research. Retrieved on 2007-12-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life
  6. ^ WELCOME TO THE ULTIMATE CAPTAIN WILLIAM KIDD WEB SITE. Retrieved on 2007-12-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life
  7. ^ WILLIAM KIDD. Online Encyclopedia. Retrieved on 2007-12-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life
  8. ^ Bellomont, Richard Coote, earl of. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition (2001-05). Retrieved on 2007-12-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life
  9. ^ Trinity Wall Street Historical Timeline. Retrieved on 2007-12-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life
  10. ^ Hamilton, (1961) p. ?
  11. ^ Frank R. Stockton. "Buccaneers and Pirates of Our Coasts" "The Real Captain Kidd". The Baldwin Online Children's Literature Project. Retrieved on 2007-12-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life
  12. ^ Botting (1978) p. 106
  13. ^ Cordingly (1995), p. ?
  14. ^ Hamilton, (1961) p. ?
  15. ^ Pirates of the High Seas - Capt. William Kidd. Retrieved on 2007-12-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life
  16. ^ “Quedagh Merchant” (ship). Encyclopedia Online. Retrieved on 2007-12-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life
  17. ^ Hamilton, (1961)
  18. ^ "The Quest for the Armenian Vessel, Quedagh Merchant". AYAS Nautical Research Club. Retrieved on 2007-12-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life
  19. ^ Graham, Frederick "Cork". The Bamboo Chest: An Adventure in Healing the Trauma of War; Dragon Press Publishing, Inc. (2004)
  20. ^ Richard Zacks. [1]"The Pirate Hunter: The True Story of Captain Kidd". Hyperion. Retrieved on 2007-12-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1287 - St Lucia's flood: The Zuider Zee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses killing over 50000 people  
  21. ^ Caulkins, Frances Manwaring (1895). "History of New London, Connecticut", 293.  
  22. ^ Captain Kidd (1645-1701). PortCities London. Retrieved on 2007-12-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life
  23. ^ Captain Kidd Ship Found. Yahoo News (December 13, 2007). Retrieved on 2007-12-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life
  24. ^ Captain Kidd's Shipwreck Of 1699 Discovered. Science Daily (December 13, 2007). Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2007-12-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life
  25. ^ IU team finds fabled pirate ship. INDYSTAR. COM (December 13, 2007). Retrieved on 2007-12-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life

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