| William Gibson | |
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 William Gibson in August 2007 |
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| Born | March 17, 1948 Conway, South Carolina |
| Occupation | Novelist |
| Writing period | 1977– |
| Genres | Science fiction |
| Literary movement | Cyberpunk |
| Notable work(s) | Neuromancer (novel, 1984) |
| Notable award(s) | Nebula, Hugo, Philip K. Dick, Ditmar, Seiun, Prix Aurora |
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William Ford Gibson (born 17 March 1948) is an American-Canadian[16] writer who has been called the "noir prophet" of the cyberpunk subgenre of science fiction. Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Conway is a city in Horry County, South Carolina, United States. Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. A novel (from Italian novella, Spanish novela, French nouvelle for "new" "news" or "short story A literary genre is a category of literary composition Genres may be determined by Literary technique, tone, Content, or even (as in the case of fiction This is a list of modern literary movements: that is movements after the Renaissance. Cyberpunk is a Science fiction genre noted for its focus on " High tech and low life. Neuromancer is a 1984 novel by William Gibson, notable for being the most famous early Cyberpunk novel and winner of the science-fiction "triple The Nebula Award is an award given each year by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America (SFWA for the best Science fiction / Fantasy fiction The Hugo Awards are given every year for the best Science fiction or Fantasy works and achievements of the previous year The Philip K Dick Award is a science fiction award given annually at Norwescon sponsored by the Philadelphia Science Fiction Society and (since 2005 supported See also Ditmar Award results The Ditmar Award (formally the Australian SF ("Ditmar" Award, and before that the "Australian Science The Seiun Award is a famous Japanese Science fiction award It is voted on by the attendees of the Japanese National Science Fiction Convention The Prix Aurora Awards are given out annually for the best Canadian Science fiction and Fantasy literary works Art Works and Awards for Fan Activities Alfred Bester ( December 18, 1913 - September 30, 1987) known to his friends as Alfie, was an American science fiction William Seward Burroughs II ( – ˈbʌroʊz was an American Novelist, Essayist, Social critic, painter and Spoken word Joseph Cornell ( December 24, 1903 &ndash December 29, 1972) was an American artist and sculptor one of the pioneers and most celebrated David Paul Cronenberg OC, FRSC (born March 15, 1943) is a Canadian Film director and occasional Actor. Samuel Ray Delany Jr (born April 1, 1942, New York City) is an award-winning American Science fiction Thomas Michael Disch ( February 2 1940 – c July 4 2008) was an American Science fiction author and Poet Emanuel "Manny" Farber ( February 20 1917 – 18 August 2008) was an American painter and Film critic. Samuel Dashiell Hammett ( May 27, 1894 — January 10, 1961) was an American Author of Hardboiled detective Howard Winchester Hawks ( May 30, 1896 &ndash December 26, 1977) was an American Film director, producer and Ursula Kroeber Le Guin (ˈɝsələ ˈkroʊbɚ ləˈgwɪn (born October 21, 1929) is an American author (born 1957 is a Film director from Japan known for his striking visuals and sometimes outlandish subject matter Thomas Ruggles Pynchon Jr (born May 8 1937 is an American writer based in New York City, noted for his dense and complex works of Fiction. Lewis Allan Reed (born March 2 1942 is an American rock Singer-songwriter and Guitarist. Joanna Russ (born February 22, 1937, New York City) born to teachers Evarett I Robert Stone (born August 21, 1937) is an American Novelist. His work is typically characterized by psychological complexity political Lewis Call is an American academic notable for being a central post-anarchist thinker Cory Doctorow (born July 17, 1971) is a Canadian Blogger Journalist and Science fiction author who serves as co-editor Richard K Morgan (born 1965 is a British Science fiction author Linda Nagata (1960- is an American Science fiction author who won the Nebula award for best Novella in 2000 (for " Goddesses " Neal Town Stephenson (born October 31, 1959) is an American writer known primarily for his Science fiction works in the Postcyberpunk genre Charles David George "Charlie" Stross (born Leeds, 18 October 1964 is a writer based in Edinburgh, Scotland. John MacLachlan Gray (né John Howard Gray) (born 26 September, 1946) is a Canadian Writer - Composer - performer Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Cyberpunk is a Science fiction genre noted for its focus on " High tech and low life. [17] In 1982, Gibson coined the term "cyberspace" and popularized the concept in his debut novel, Neuromancer (1984). Cyberspace &mdash from the Greek el Κυβερνήτης (el kybernētēs steersman governor pilot or rudder &mdash is the global domain of electro-magnetics accessed A novel (from Italian novella, Spanish novela, French nouvelle for "new" "news" or "short story Neuromancer is a 1984 novel by William Gibson, notable for being the most famous early Cyberpunk novel and winner of the science-fiction "triple The year 1984 in literature involved some significant events and new books Gibson is best known for depicting a visualised, worldwide communications network before it became ubiquitous in the 1990s, and he is credited with anticipating and establishing the conceptual foundations of the Internet and the World Wide Web in particular. The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks The World Wide Web (commonly shortened to the Web) is a system of interlinked Hypertext documents accessed via the Internet.
Having moved around frequently with his family as a child, Gibson grew to be a shy, ungainly teenager who took refuge in reading science fiction. After spending his adolescence at a private boarding school in Arizona, Gibson dodged the draft at the onset of the Vietnam War by emigrating to Canada in 1967, where he became immersed in counterculture and after settling in Vancouver eventually became a full-time writer; he retains dual citizenship. The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia Counterculture (also " counter-culture " is a sociological term used to describe the values and norms of behavior of a Cultural group, or Vancouver (vænˈkuːvɚ is a coastal [18] Gibson's early works are bleak, noir near-future stories about the effect of cybernetics and computer networks on humans – "lowlife meets high tech". Cybernetics is the interdisciplinary study of the Structure of Complex systems especially Communication processes control mechanisms and Feedback A computer network is a group of interconnected Computers. Networks may be classified according to a wide variety of characteristics The short stories were published in leading science fiction magazines and eventually effectively renovated the science fiction genre, which at the time was considered widely insignificant. The themes, settings and characters developed in these stories culminated in his first novel, Neuromancer, which garnered unprecedented critical and considerable commercial success, virtually launching the cyberpunk literary movement. Cyberpunk is a Science fiction genre noted for its focus on " High tech and low life.
Although much of Gibson's reputation has remained rooted in Neuromancer, his work has continued to evolve in style and concept. After expanding on Neuromancer with two more novels to complete the dystopic Sprawl trilogy, Gibson became a central figure to an entirely different science fiction sub-genre – steampunk – with the 1990 alternate history novel The Difference Engine, written in collaboration with Bruce Sterling. The Sprawl trilogy (also Neuromancer trilogy, Cyberspace trilogy) is William Gibson 's first set of Novels composed of Neuromancer Steampunk is a subgenre of fantasy and Speculative fiction that came into prominence in the 1980s and early 1990s The year 1990 in literature involved some significant events and new books Alternate history or alternative history is a subgenre of Speculative fiction (or Science fiction) and Historical fiction The Difference Engine is an alternate history Novel by William Gibson and Bruce Sterling. Michael Bruce Sterling (born April 14, 1954) is an American Science fiction author, best known for his novels and his seminal work on the Mirrorshades In the 1990s he composed the Bridge trilogy of novels, which focused on sociological observations of near future urban environments and late-stage capitalism. The Bridge trilogy is a series of novels by William Gibson, his second after the successful Sprawl trilogy. His most recent novels – Pattern Recognition (2003) and Spook Country (2007) – are set in a contemporary world and have put Gibson's work onto mainstream bestseller lists for the first time. Pattern Recognition is a novel by Science fiction writer William Gibson published in 2003 The year 2003 in literature involved some significant events and new books Spook Country is a 2007 Novel by William Gibson. Gibson announced the book on October 6, 2006 on his blog where fragments of The year 2007 in literature involves some significant new books
Gibson is one of the most highly acclaimed North American science fiction writers,[19] feted by The Guardian in 1999 as "probably the most important novelist of the past two decades". The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. To date, Gibson has written more than twenty short stories, nine critically acclaimed novels (one in collaboration), a nonfiction artist's book, and has contributed articles to several major publications and collaborated extensively with performance artists, filmmakers and musicians. Artists' books are works of art realized in the form of a book His thought has been cited as an influence on science fiction authors, academia, cyberculture, and technology. Cyberculture is the Culture that has emerged or is emerging from the use of Computer networks for communication, entertainment and business
Contents |
Early life
Childhood, itinerance and adolescence
William Ford Gibson was born in 1948 in the coastal city of Conway, South Carolina and spent most of his childhood in Wytheville, Virginia, a small town in the Appalachians where his parents had been born and raised. Conway is a city in Horry County, South Carolina, United States. Wytheville is a town in Wythe County, Virginia, United States. The Appalachian Mountains ( often called the Appalachians, are a vast system of mountains in eastern North America. [20][21] His family moved frequently during Gibson's youth due to his father's position as manager of a large construction company. [19] While Gibson was still a young child,[VI] his father choked to death in a restaurant while on a business trip. [20] His mother, unable to tell William the bad news, had someone else inform him of the death. [22]
Loss is not without its curious advantages for the artist. Major traumatic breaks are pretty common in the biographies of artists I respect.
—William Gibson, interview with The New York Times Magazine, August 19, 2007. The New York Times Magazine is a supplement to the Sunday The New York Times newspaper Events 43 BC - Octavian, later known as Augustus compels the Roman Senate to elect him Consul. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [22]
A few days after the death, Gibson's mother returned them from their home in Norfolk, Virginia to Wytheville. Norfolk is an Independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States [21][23] Gibson later described Wytheville as "a place where modernity had arrived to some extent but was deeply distrusted" and credits the beginnings of his relationship with science fiction, his "native literary culture",[23] with the subsequent feeling of abrupt exile. Modernity is a term that refers to the Modern era. It is distinct from Modernism, and in different contexts refers to cultural and intellectual movements of the Exile means to be away from one's home (ie city state or country while either being explicitly refused permission to return and/or being threatened by prison or death upon return [20] At thirteen, unbeknownst to his mother, he purchased an anthology of Beat writing, thereby gaining exposure to the writings of Allen Ginsberg, Jack Kerouac, and William S. Burroughs; Burroughs had a particularly pronounced effect, greatly altering Gibson's notions of the possibilities of science fiction literature. Irwin Allen Ginsberg (ˈgɪnzbɝg (June 3 1926 &ndash April 5 1997 was an American Poet. Jack Kerouac ( March 12 1922 &ndash October 21 1969) was an American Novelist, Writer, Poet, and William Seward Burroughs II ( – ˈbʌroʊz was an American Novelist, Essayist, Social critic, painter and Spoken word [3][8]
A shy, ungainly teenager, Gibson consciously rejected religion[23] and took refuge in reading science fiction and edgier, renegade writers such as Burroughs and Henry Miller. Henry Valentine Miller (December 26 1891 &ndash June 7 1980 was an American writer and painter. [18] At fifteen, he was sent to a private boarding school in Tucson, Arizona by his then "chronically anxious and depressive" mother,[20] who had remained in Wytheville since the death of her husband and who died when Gibson was nineteen. Tucson (ˈtuːsɒn is the seat of Pima County Arizona, United States, located 118 miles (188 km) southeast [23][21] Tom Maddox has commented that Gibson "grew up in an America as disturbing and surreal as anything J.G. Ballard ever dreamed". Tom Maddox is an American Science fiction writer known for his part in the early Cyberpunk movement James Graham Ballard (born 15 November in the International Settlement in Shanghai, China) is a British Novelist and Short [24]
Draft-dodging, exile and counterculture
After his mother's death, Gibson left school without graduating and became very isolated for a long time, traveling to California and Europe and immersing himself in counterculture. Counterculture (also " counter-culture " is a sociological term used to describe the values and norms of behavior of a Cultural group, or [23][21][18] In 1967, he elected to move to Canada in order "to avoid the Vietnam war draft". Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page A draft dodger, draft evader or draft resister, is a person who avoids ("dodges" or otherwise violates the Conscription policies of the [20][23] At his draft hearing, he honestly informed interviewers that his intention in life was to sample every mind-altering substance in existence. The general group of pharmacological agents commonly known as hallucinogens can be divided into three broad categories Psychedelics, Dissociatives [26] Gibson has observed that he "did literally evade the draft, as they never bothered drafting me";[20] after the hearing he went home and purchased a bus ticket to Toronto, and left a week or two later. [23] In the biographical documentary No Maps for These Territories (2000) Gibson said that his decision was motivated less by conscientious objection than by a desire to "sleep with hippie chicks" and indulge in hashish. No Maps for These Territories is a 2000 Documentary film made by Mark Neale focusing on the Science fiction author William Gibson. A conscientious objector (CO is an individual who on religious moral or ethical grounds refuses to participate as a combatant in war or in some cases to take any role that would support The Hippie Subculture was originally a Youth movement that began in the United States during the early 1960s and spread around the world Hashish (from Arabic: ar حشيش, lit "grass" also hash) is a preparation of cannabis composed of the compressed [23]He elaborated on the topic in a 2008 interview:
When I was started out as a writer I took credit for draft evasion where I shouldn't have. I washed up in Canada with some vague idea of evading the draft but then I was never drafted so I never had to make the call. I don't know what I would have done if I'd really been drafted. I wasn't a tightly wrapped package at that time. if somebody had drafted me I might have wept and gone. I wouldn't have liked it of course.
—William Gibson, Interview with io9, June 10, 2008. io9 is a Science fiction Blog launched in 2008 by Gawker Media. Events 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Sally River while leading an army to Jerusalem 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common [27]
In Toronto he found the émigré community of American draft dodgers unbearable due to the prevalence of clinical depression, suicide and hardcore substance abuse. Major depressive disorder, also known as major depression, unipolar depression, unipolar disorder, clinical depression, or simply depression Substance abuse is the overindulgence in and dependence of a Drug or other chemical leading to effects that are detrimental to the individual's physical and mental health [23] He appeared, during the Summer of Love of 1967, in a CBC newsreel item about hippie subculture in Yorkville, Toronto,[28] for which he was paid $500 – the equivalent of 20 weeks rent – which financed his later travels. This article refers to the summer of 1967 For the film of a similar name please go to My Summer of Love. For the term in biology see Subculture (biology. For the song by New Order see Sub-culture (song. Yorkville is a district in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, well known for its shopping [29] Aside from a "brief, riot-torn spell" in the District of Columbia, Gibson spent the rest of the 1960s in Toronto, where he met a Vancouver girl with whom he subsequently traveled to Europe. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D Vancouver (vænˈkuːvɚ is a coastal [20] Gibson has recounted that they concentrated their travels on European nations with fascist regimes and favourable exchange rates, including spending time on a Greek archipelago and in Istanbul in 1970,[30] as they "couldn't afford to stay anywhere that had anything remotely like hard currency". Fascism is a totalitarian nationalist and corporatist ideology Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία An archipelago (ɑrkəˈpɛləgoʊ is a chain or cluster of Islands The word archipelago literally means "chief Sea " from Italian Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey Hard currency or strong currency, in Economics refers to a globally traded Currency that can serve as a reliable and stable Store of value. [31]
The couple married and settled in Vancouver, British Columbia in 1972, with Gibson looking after their first child while they lived off his wife's teaching salary. Vancouver (vænˈkuːvɚ is a coastal British Columbia (ˌbrɪtɨʃ kəˈlʌmbiə ( BC) ( (la Colombie-Britannique C During the 1970s Gibson made a substantial part of his living from scouring Salvation Army thrift stores for underpriced artifacts he would then up-market to specialist dealers. The Salvation Army is a Christian charity and church that is internally organised like a military service. A charity shop, second-hand shop ( UK) thrift shop, thrift store, hospice shop ( U [30] Realizing that it was easier to sustain high college grades, and thus qualify for generous student financial aid, than to work,[8] he enrolled at the University of British Columbia (UBC), earning "a desultory bachelor's degree in English"[20] in 1977. Student financial aid refers to funding intended to help students pay education expenses including Tuition and fees Room and board, books and supplies etc The University of British Columbia ( UBC) is a Canadian public research University with campuses near Vancouver and in Kelowna [32] Through studying English literature, he was exposed to a wider range of fiction than he would have read otherwise; something he credits with giving him ideas inaccessible from within the culture of science fiction, including an awareness of postmodernity. The term English literature refers to Literature written in the English language, including literature composed in English by Writers not necessarily from Postmodernity (also spelled post-modernity or the pejorative postmodern condition) is generally used to describe the economic and/or cultural state or condition [10] It was at UBC that he attended his first course on science fiction, at the end of which he was encouraged to write his first short story, "Fragments of a Hologram Rose". " Fragments of a Hologram Rose " is a Science fiction short story by William Gibson. [19]
Post-graduation, early writing and the evolution of cyberpunk
After considering pursuing a master's degree on the topic of hard science fiction novels as fascist literature,[8] Gibson discontinued writing in the year that followed graduation and, as one critic put it, expanded his collection of punk records. Hard science fiction is a category of Science fiction characterized by an emphasis on scientific or technical detail or on scientific accuracy or on both Fascism is a totalitarian nationalist and corporatist ideology [33] During this period he worked at various jobs, including a three-year stint as teaching assistant on a film history course at his alma mater. A teaching assistant (TA is a junior Scholar employed on a temporary contract by a College or University in teaching-related responsibilities Alma mater is Latin for "nourishing mother" It was used in Ancient Rome as a title for the mother Goddess, and in Medieval [19] Impatient at much of what he saw at a science fiction convention in Vancouver in 1980 or 1981, Gibson found in fellow panelist, punk musician and author John Shirley, a kindred spirit. Science fiction conventions are gatherings of the community of fans (called Science fiction fandom) of various forms of Speculative fiction including Science John Patrick Shirley (born February 10, 1953) is an American Science fiction and horror writer of Novels short stories [34] The two became immediate and lifelong friends, and it was Shirley who persuaded Gibson to sell his early short stories and to take writing seriously. [33][34]
In 1977, facing first-time parenthood and an absolute lack of enthusiasm for anything like "career," I found myself dusting off my twelve-year-old's interest in science fiction. Simultaneously, weird noises were being heard from New York and London. I took Punk to be the detonation of some slow-fused projectile buried deep in society's flank a decade earlier, and I took it to be, somehow, a sign. And I began, then, to write.
—William Gibson, "Since 1948". [20]
Through Shirley, Gibson came into contact with science fiction authors Bruce Sterling and Lewis Shiner; reading Gibson's work, they realised that it was, as Sterling put it, "breakthrough material" and that they needed to "put down our preconceptions and pick up on this guy from Vancouver; this [was] the way forward. Michael Bruce Sterling (born April 14, 1954) is an American Science fiction author, best known for his novels and his seminal work on the Mirrorshades Lewis Shiner ( December 30, 1950, Eugene Oregon) is an American writer "[35][23] Gibson met Sterling at a science fiction convention in Denver, Colorado in the autumn of 1981, where he read "Burning Chrome" – the first cyberspace short story – to an audience of four people, and later stated that Sterling "completely got it". The City and County of Denver (pronounced /ˈdɛnvɚ/ is the Capital and the most populous city of Colorado, in the United States Hackers (ISBN 0-441-00375-3 is an Anthology of short stories edited by Jack Dann and Gardner Dozois. [23]
In October 1982 Gibson traveled to Austin, Texas for ArmadilloCon, at which he appeared with Shirley, Sterling and Shiner on a panel called "Behind the Mirrorshades: A Look at Punk SF", where Shiner noted "the sense of a movement solidified". ArmadilloCon is a Science fiction convention held annually in Austin Texas, USA [35] After a weekend discussing rock'n'roll, MTV, Japan, fashion, drugs and politics, Gibson left the cadre for Vancouver, declaring half-jokingly that "a new axis has been formed. Rock and roll (also known as rock 'n' roll) is a form of Music that evolved in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s with roots in mostly African MTV ( Music Television) is an American Cable television network based in New York City. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Fashion refers to styles of dress (but can also include cuisine literature art architecture and general comportment that are popular in a culture at any given time A drug, broadly speaking is any chemical substance that when absorbed into the body Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions "[35] Sterling, Shiner, Shirley and Gibson, along with Rudolf Rucker, went on to form the core of the radical cyberpunk literary movement. Rudolf von Bitter Rucker (born March 22, 1946 in Louisville Kentucky) is an American Computer scientist and Science fiction Cyberpunk is a Science fiction genre noted for its focus on " High tech and low life. [36]
Literary career
Early short fiction
-
For more details on this topic, see Burning Chrome. Burning Chrome (ISBN 0-06-053982-8 is a collection of short stories written by William Gibson.
Gibson's early writings are generally near-future stories about the influences of cybernetics and cyberspace (computer-simulated reality) technology on the human race. Cybernetics is the interdisciplinary study of the Structure of Complex systems especially Communication processes control mechanisms and Feedback Cyberspace &mdash from the Greek el Κυβερνήτης (el kybernētēs steersman governor pilot or rudder &mdash is the global domain of electro-magnetics accessed His themes of hi-tech shanty towns, recorded or broadcast stimulus (later to be developed into the "sim-stim" package featured so heavily in Neuromancer), and dystopic intermingling of technology and humanity, are already evident in his first published short story, "Fragments of a Hologram Rose" (1977). Shanty towns (also called Squatter camps or Favelas are settlements (sometimes illegal or unauthorized of impoverished people who live in improvised Neuromancer is a 1984 novel by William Gibson, notable for being the most famous early Cyberpunk novel and winner of the science-fiction "triple " Fragments of a Hologram Rose " is a Science fiction short story by William Gibson. [8] The latter thematic obsession was described by his friend and fellow author, Bruce Sterling, in the introduction of Gibson's short story collection Burning Chrome, as "Gibson's classic one-two combination of lowlife and high tech. Michael Bruce Sterling (born April 14, 1954) is an American Science fiction author, best known for his novels and his seminal work on the Mirrorshades Burning Chrome (ISBN 0-06-053982-8 is a collection of short stories written by William Gibson. "[37]
In the early 1980s, Gibson's stories appeared in Omni and Universe 11, wherein his fiction developed a film noir, bleak feel. OMNI was a Science magazine and Science fiction magazine published in the USA. Film noir is a cinematic term used primarily to describe stylish Hollywood crime dramas, particularly those that emphasize moral ambiguity and sexual motivation He consciously distanced himself as far as possible from the mainstream of science fiction (towards which he felt "an aesthetic revulsion", expressed in "The Gernsback Continuum"), to the extent that his highest goal was to become "a minor cult figure, a sort of lesser Ballard. "The Gernsback Continuum" is a Short story by William Gibson about a Photographer who has been given the assignment of photographing James Graham Ballard (born 15 November in the International Settlement in Shanghai, China) is a British Novelist and Short "[8] When Bruce Sterling started to distribute the stories, he found that "people were just genuinely baffled. Michael Bruce Sterling (born April 14, 1954) is an American Science fiction author, best known for his novels and his seminal work on the Mirrorshades . . I mean they literally could not parse the guy's paragraphs. . . the imaginative tropes he was inventing were just beyond peoples' grasp. "[23]
While Larry McCaffery has commented that these early short stories displayed flashes of Gibson's ability, science fiction critic Darko Suvin has identified them as "undoubtedly [cyberpunk's] best works", constituting the "furthest horizon" of the genre. Larry McCaffery is a Literary critic, editor, and retired Professor of English and Comparative Literature at San Diego State Darko Ronald Suvin (born July 19 1930 is a Yugoslav -born academic and critic who became a Professor at McGill University in Montreal &mdash now Emeritus [34] The themes which Gibson developed in the stories, the Sprawl setting of "Burning Chrome" and the character of Molly Millions from "Johnny Mnemonic" ultimately culminated in his first novel, Neuromancer. In William Gibson 's Fiction, the Sprawl is a colloquial name for the Boston - Atlanta Metropolitan Axis (BAMA an Urban sprawl Hackers (ISBN 0-441-00375-3 is an Anthology of short stories edited by Jack Dann and Gardner Dozois. Molly Millions (also known as Sally Shears) is a recurring character in stories and novels written by William Gibson, particularly his Sprawl trilogy Neuromancer is a 1984 novel by William Gibson, notable for being the most famous early Cyberpunk novel and winner of the science-fiction "triple [34]
Neuromancer
The sky above the port was the color of television, tuned to a dead channel. Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic
—opening sentence of Neuromancer (1984)
Neuromancer was commissioned by Terry Carr for the third series of Ace Science Fiction Specials, which was intended to exclusively feature debut novels. Neuromancer is a 1984 novel by William Gibson, notable for being the most famous early Cyberpunk novel and winner of the science-fiction "triple Terry Gene Carr ( February 19, 1937 – April 7, 1987) was a U Ace Science Fiction Specials are three series of Science fiction and Fantasy books published by Ace Books between 1968 and 1990 Given a year to complete the work,[38] Gibson undertook the actual writing out of "blind animal terror" at the obligation to write an entire novel – a feat which he felt he was "four or five years away from. "[8] After witnessing the first twenty minutes of landmark cyberpunk film Blade Runner (1982) which was released when Gibson had written a third of the novel, he "figured [Neuromancer] was sunk, done for. Blade Runner is a 1982 American Science fiction Film, directed by Ridley Scott. Everyone would assume I’d copped my visual texture from this astonishingly fine-looking film. "[39] He re-wrote the first two-thirds of the book twelve times, feared losing the reader's attention and was convinced that he would be "permanently shamed" following its publication; yet what resulted was a major imaginative leap forward for a first-time novelist. [8]
Neuromancer's release was not greeted with fanfare, but it hit a cultural nerve,[40] quickly becoming an underground word-of-mouth hit. Word of mouth, is a reference to the passing of Information by verbal means especially recommendations but also general information in an informal person-to-person [34] It became the first novel to win the "triple crown"[8] of science fiction awards (the Nebula, the Hugo, and Philip K. Dick Award for paperback original) and sold more than 6. The Nebula Award is an award given each year by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America (SFWA for the best Science fiction / Fantasy fiction The Hugo Awards are given every year for the best Science fiction or Fantasy works and achievements of the previous year The Philip K Dick Award is a science fiction award given annually at Norwescon sponsored by the Philadelphia Science Fiction Society and (since 2005 supported Paperback, softback, or softcover describe and refer to a Book by the nature of its binding. 5 million copies worldwide. [41]
Lawrence Person in his "Notes Toward a Postcyberpunk Manifesto" (1998) identified Neuromancer as "the archetypal cyberpunk work",[42] and in 2005, Time magazine included it in their list of the 100 best English-language novels written since 1923, opining that "[t]here is no way to overstate how radical [Neuromancer] was when it first appeared. Lawrence Person (born 1965) is a Science fiction writer critic and editor of SF critical magazine Nova Express. Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and "[43] According to literary critic Larry McCaffery, the auspiciousness of the novel was in its originality of vision, exhilarating prose, and technological similes and metaphors. Larry McCaffery is a Literary critic, editor, and retired Professor of English and Comparative Literature at San Diego State He described the concept of the matrix as a place where "data dance with human consciousness. . . human memory is literalized and mechanized. . . multi-national information systems mutate and breed into startling new structures whose beauty and complexity are unimaginable, mystical, and above all nonhuman. "[8] Gibson later commented on himself as an author circa Neuromancer that "I'd buy him a drink, but I don't know if I'd loan him any money," and referred to the novel as "an adolescent's book". [23] The success of Neuromancer was to effect the 34-year old Gibson's emergence from obscurity. [44]
The Sprawl trilogy, The Difference Engine and the Bridge trilogy
Although much of Gibson's reputation has remained rooted in Neuromancer, his work continued to evolve conceptually and stylistically. [45] Despite adding the final sentence of Neuromancer “He never saw Molly again” at the last minute in a deliberate attempt to prevent himself from ever writing a sequel, he did precisely that with Count Zero (1986), a slower-paced character-focused work set in the Sprawl alluded to in its predecessor. Count Zero is a Science fiction Novel written by William Gibson, originally published in 1986. In William Gibson 's Fiction, the Sprawl is a colloquial name for the Boston - Atlanta Metropolitan Axis (BAMA an Urban sprawl [46] He next intended to write an unrelated postmodern space opera, titled The Log of the Mustang Sally, but reneged on the contract with Arbor House after a falling out over the dustjacket art of their hardcover of Count Zero. Postmodernism literally means 'after the modernist movement' While " Modern " itself refers to something "related to the present" the movement of modernism Space opera is a subgenre of Speculative fiction or Science fiction that emphasizes romantic, often Melodramatic adventure set mainly or entirely Arbor House was an independent Publishing house founded by Donald Fine in 1969 The dust jacket (sometimes dust wrapper or dust cover) of a book is the outer cover which is often detachable and often illustrated Cover art is the Illustration or Photograph on the outside of a published product such as a Book, Magazine, Comic book, product package [47] Abandoning The Log of the Mustang Sally, Gibson instead wrote Mona Lisa Overdrive (1988), a stylistically virtuosic novel which in the words of Larry McCaffery "turned off the lights" on cyberpunk literature. Mona Lisa Overdrive is a Cyberpunk Novel by William Gibson published in 1988 and the final novel of the Sprawl trilogy, following [8][34] It was a culmination of his previous two novels, set in the same universe with shared characters, thereby completing the Sprawl trilogy. The Sprawl trilogy (also Neuromancer trilogy, Cyberspace trilogy) is William Gibson 's first set of Novels composed of Neuromancer The trilogy solidified Gibson's reputation,[48] with both later novels also earning Nebula and Hugo Award nominations. The Hugo Awards are given every year for the best Science fiction or Fantasy works and achievements of the previous year
The Sprawl trilogy was followed by the 1990 novel The Difference Engine, an alternate history novel Gibson wrote in collaboration with Bruce Sterling. The Difference Engine is an alternate history Novel by William Gibson and Bruce Sterling. Alternate history or alternative history is a subgenre of Speculative fiction (or Science fiction) and Historical fiction Michael Bruce Sterling (born April 14, 1954) is an American Science fiction author, best known for his novels and his seminal work on the Mirrorshades Set in a technologically advanced Victorian era Britain, the novel was a departure from the authors' cyberpunk roots. Culture The Victorian fascination with novelty resulted in a deep interest in the relationship between modernity and cultural continuities It was nominated for the Nebula Award for Best Novel in 1991 and the John W. Campbell Memorial Award in 1992, and is often cited as a central novel of the steampunk genre. Winners of the Nebula Award for Best Novel, awarded by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America. This page describes the award for best science fiction novel for other awards see Campbell Award (disambiguation Steampunk is a subgenre of fantasy and Speculative fiction that came into prominence in the 1980s and early 1990s [49]
Gibson's second series, "the Bridge trilogy", is composed of Virtual Light (1993), a "darkly comic urban detective story",[50] Idoru (1996), and All Tomorrow's Parties (1999). The Bridge trilogy is a series of novels by William Gibson, his second after the successful Sprawl trilogy. Virtual Light is the first book in William Gibson 's Bridge trilogy. Black comedy, also known as black humor or dark comedy, is a sub-genre of Comedy and Satire where topics and events that are usually regarded Detective fiction is a branch of Crime fiction in which a Detective (or detectives either professional or amateur investigate a crime usually Murder Idoru redirects here For the Japanese phenomenon see Japanese idol. All Tomorrow's Parties is the third book in William Gibson 's Bridge trilogy. It centers on San Francisco in the near future and evinces Gibson's recurring themes of technological, physical, and spiritual transcendence in a more grounded, matter-of-fact style than his first trilogy. The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city [51] The Salon.com's Andrew Leonard notes that in the Bridge trilogy, Gibson's villains change from multinational corporations and artificial intelligences of the Sprawl trilogy to the mass media – namely tabloid television and the cult of celebrity,[52] Virtual Light depicts an "end-stage capitalism, in which private enterprise and the profit motive are taken to their logical conclusion". Saloncom, part of Salon Media Group ( often just called Salon, is an online Multinational corporation ( MNC) or transnational corporation ( TNC) is a Corporation or enterprise that manages Production or delivers "Popular press" redirects here note that the University of Wisconsin Press publishes under the imprint "The Popular Press" A tabloid is a Newspaper industry term which refers to a smaller newspaper format per spread to a weekly or semi-weekly alternative newspaper that focuses on local-interest The cult of celebrity is the widespread interest in arbitrarily famous individuals or ' Celebrities ' that became a prominent social Phenomenon in late 20th century Capitalism is the Economic system in which the Means of production are owned by private Persons and operated for Profit and where Capitalism is the Economic system in which the Means of production are owned by private Persons and operated for Profit and where [53] Leonard's review called Idoru a "return to form" for Gibson,[54] while critic Steven Poole asserted that All Tomorrow's Parties marked his development from "science-fiction hotshot to wry sociologist of the near future. Steven Poole (born 1972) is a British Author and Journalist. Educated at Cambridge, Poole is the author of the book Sociology (from Latin: socius "companion" and the suffix -ology "the study of" from Greek λόγος lógos "knowledge" "[55]
Later 21st-century incarnation
…I felt that I was trying to describe an unthinkable present and I actually feel that science fiction's best use today is the exploration of contemporary reality rather than any attempt to predict where we are going…The best thing you can do with science today is use it to explore the present. Earth is the alien planet now.
—William Gibson in an interview on CNN, August 26, 1997. Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner Events 1071 - Battle of Manzikert: The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine Army at Manzikert. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar
After All Tomorrow's Parties, Gibson began to adopt a more realist style of writing, with continuous narratives – "speculative fiction of the very recent past. Realism in the Visual arts and Literature is the depiction of subjects as they appear in Everyday life, without embellishment or interpretation "[56] Science fiction critic John Clute has interpreted this approach as Gibson's recognition that traditional science fiction is no longer possible "in a world lacking coherent 'nows' to continue from", characterizing it as "SF for the new century". John Frederick Clute (1940-) is a Canadian born author and critic who has lived in Britain since 1969 [57] Gibson's novels Pattern Recognition (2003) and Spook Country (2007) were both set in the same contemporary universe – "more or less the same one we live in now"[58] – and put Gibson's work onto mainstream bestseller lists for the first time. Pattern Recognition is a novel by Science fiction writer William Gibson published in 2003 Spook Country is a 2007 Novel by William Gibson. Gibson announced the book on October 6, 2006 on his blog where fragments of [59] As well as the setting, the novels share some of the same characters, including Hubertus Bigend and Pamela Mainwaring – employees of the enigmatic marketing company Blue Ant. Hubertus Bigend is a fictional character appearing in the later novels of cyberpunk science fiction and literary author William Gibson.
A phenomenon peculiar to this era was the independent development of annotating fansites, PR-Otaku and Node Magazine, devoted to Pattern Recognition and Spook Country respectively. Annotation is add on information asserted with a particular point in a Document or other piece of information Node Magazine is a literary project in the guise of a Fictional Magazine created to annotate the novel Spook Country by [4] These websites tracked the references and story elements in the novels through online resources such as Google and Wikipedia and collated the results, essentially creating hypertext versions of the books. Google Inc is an American public corporation, earning revenue from advertising related to its Internet search, e-mail, online ***************************************************************************************** * * [60] Critic John Sutherland characterised this phenomenon as threatening "to completely overhaul the way literary criticism is conducted". John Sutherland (born 1938 is an English lecturer emeritus professor newspaper columnist and author Literary criticism is the study discussion evaluation and interpretation of Literature. [61]
After the September 11, 2001 attacks, with about 100 pages of Pattern Recognition written, Gibson had to re-write the main character's backstory, which had been suddenly rendered implausible; he called it "the strangest experience I've ever had with a piece of fiction. "[62] He saw the attacks as a nodal point in history, "an experience out of culture",[63] and "in some ways. The cardinal points and the associated cardinal planes are a set of special points and planes in an optical system which help in the analysis . . the true beginning of the 21st century. "[17] He is noted as one of the first novelists to use the attacks to inform his writing. [25] Examination of cultural changes in post-September 11th America, including a resurgent tribalism and the "infantilization of society",[64][65] became a prominent theme of Gibson's work. The internal social structure of a tribe can vary greatly from case to case but due to the small size of tribes it is always a relatively simple structure with few (if any significant social [66] The focus of his writing nevertheless remains "at the intersection of paranoia and technology". [67] In 2008, Gibson received honorary doctorates from Simon Fraser University and Coastal Carolina University, [68] and was inducted into the Science Fiction Hall of Fame by close friend and collaborator Jack Womack. Simon Fraser University ( SFU) is a public university in British Columbia with its main campus on Burnaby Mountain in Burnaby and satellite campuses in Coastal Carolina University (CCU is an independent state-supported university in Conway South Carolina Jack Womack (b 1956 in Lexington Kentucky) is an American author of Fiction and Speculative fiction. [69]
Collaborations, adaptations and miscellanea
Literary collaborations
Three of the stories that later appeared in Burning Chrome were written in collaboration with other authors: "The Belonging Kind" (1981) with John Shirley, "Red Star, Winter Orbit" (1983) with Bruce Sterling,[4] and "Dogfight" (1985) with Michael Swanwick. Burning Chrome (ISBN 0-06-053982-8 is a collection of short stories written by William Gibson. The Belonging Kind is a Science fiction short story a collaboration between noted Cyberpunk authors William Gibson and John Shirley John Patrick Shirley (born February 10, 1953) is an American Science fiction and horror writer of Novels short stories "Red Star Winter Orbit" is a short story written by William Gibson and Bruce Sterling and published in Gibson's Burning Chrome collection Michael Bruce Sterling (born April 14, 1954) is an American Science fiction author, best known for his novels and his seminal work on the Mirrorshades Hackers (ISBN 0-441-00375-3 is an Anthology of short stories edited by Jack Dann and Gardner Dozois. Michael Swanwick (born November 18, 1950) is an American Science fiction author Gibson had previously written the foreword to Shirley's 1980 novel City Come A-walkin'[70] and the pair's collaboration continued when Gibson wrote the introduction to Shirley's short story collection Heatseeker (1989). [71] Shirley convinced Gibson to write a story for the television series Max Headroom for which Shirley had written several scripts, but the network canceled the series. Max Headroom (1987 – 1988 was a short-lived but ground-breaking American Science fiction Television series which aired on ABC. [72]
Gibson and Sterling collaborated again on the short story "The Angel of Goliad" in 1990,[71] which they soon expanded into the novel-length alternate history story The Difference Engine (1990). Alternate history or alternative history is a subgenre of Speculative fiction (or Science fiction) and Historical fiction The Difference Engine is an alternate history Novel by William Gibson and Bruce Sterling. The two were later "invited to dream in public" (Gibson) in a joint address to the U. S. National Academy of Sciences Convocation on Technology and Education in 1993 ("the Al Gore people"[72]), in which they argued against the digital divide[73] and "appalled everyone" by proposing that all schools be put online, with education taking place over the Internet. The National Academy of Sciences (NAS is a corporation in the United States whose members serve Pro bono as "advisers to the nation on science Albert Arnold Gore Jr (born March 31 1948 is an American environmental Activist, author Businessperson, former Politician, and former The term digital divide refers to the gap between those people with effective access to Digital and Information technology and those without The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks [74] In a 2007 interview, Gibson revealed that Sterling had an idea for "a second recursive science novel that was just a wonderful idea", but that Gibson was unable to pursue the collaboration due to his not being creatively free at the time. [56]
In 1993, Gibson contributed lyrics and featured as a guest vocalist on Yellow Magic Orchestra's Technodon album,[75][76] and wrote lyrics to the track "Dog Star Girl" for Deborah Harry's Debravation. Yellow Magic Orchestra (YMO is an influential Japanese Electropop band formed in 1978 Technodon is the seventh and final studio album to date by Yellow Magic Orchestra and released in 1993, a decade after the band's original breakup Deborah Ann "Debbie" Harry (born July 1 1945 is an American Singer-songwriter and Actress, most famous for being the lead singer for the Punk Debravation is the fourth solo album by Deborah Harry. Released in 1993 the album reached no [77]
Film adaptations, screenplays and appearances
Gibson's early efforts to write film scripts failed to manifest themselves as finished product; "Burning Chrome" (which was to be directed by Kathryn Bigelow) and "Neuro-Hotel", for example, were two attempts by the author at film adaptations that were never made. Kathryn Bigelow (born 27 November 1951) is an American Film director. [72] In the late 1980s he wrote an early version of Alien³ (which he later characterized as "Tarkovskian"), few elements of which survived in the final version. Alien 3, styled as Alien³, is a 1992 Science fiction / Horror film (see 1992 in film) Andrei Arsenyevich Tarkovsky (Андре́й Арсе́ньевич Тарко́вский (April 4 1932 - December 29 1986 was a Soviet Film director, writer and opera director [72] Gibson's early involvement with the film industry extended far beyond the confines of the Hollywood blockbuster system. At one point, he collaborated on a script with Kazakh director Rashid Nugmanov after an American producer had expressed an interest in a Soviet-American collaboration to star Russian-Korean star Victor Tsoi. Kazakhstan, also Kazakstan ( Қазақстан, Qazaqstan, qɑzɑqˈstɑn Казахстан, Kazakhstán,) officially the Rashid Nugmanov (also written Rachid Nougmanov) (born March 19, 1954 in Alma Ata, Kazakhstan) is a Kazakh Film director A film producer is a person who creates the conditions for making movies. Viktor Robertovich Tsoi ( Russian: Виктор Робертович Цой ( June 21, 1962 – August 15, 1990) was a famous [78] Despite being occupied with writing a novel, Gibson was reluctant to abandon the "wonderfully odd project" which involved "ritualistic gang-warfare in some sort of sideways-future Leningrad" and sent Jack Womack to Russia in his stead. Gangsters redirects here For the computer game see Gangsters (video game. Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River Jack Womack (b 1956 in Lexington Kentucky) is an American author of Fiction and Speculative fiction. Rather than producing a motion picture, a prospect that ended after Tsoi's death in an automotive accident, Womack's experiences in Russia ultimately culminated in his novel Let's Put the Future Behind Us and informed much of the Russian content of Gibson's Pattern Recognition. Let's Put the Future Behind Us is a Speculative fiction Novel by Jack Womack set in Post-Soviet Russia and released Pattern Recognition is a novel by Science fiction writer William Gibson published in 2003 [78] A similarly doomed fate befell Gibson's mooted collaboration with Japanese filmmaker Sogo Ishii in 1991,[34] a film they plotted on shooting in the Walled City of Kowloon prior to its demolition by the Chinese government. (born 1957 is a Film director from Japan known for his striking visuals and sometimes outlandish subject matter The Kowloon Walled City ( originally known as 九龍寨城 was a tiny Chinese enclave in the middle of British Hong Kong for decades [11]
Adaptations of Gibson's fiction have frequently been optioned and proposed, to limited success. Two of the author's short stories, both set in the Sprawl trilogy universe, have been loosely adapted as films: Johnny Mnemonic (1995) with screenplay by Gibson and starring Keanu Reeves, Dolph Lundgren and Takeshi Kitano, and New Rose Hotel (1998), starring Christopher Walken, Willem Dafoe, and Asia Argento. The Sprawl trilogy (also Neuromancer trilogy, Cyberspace trilogy) is William Gibson 's first set of Novels composed of Neuromancer Film adaptation is the transfer of a written work to a Feature film. Johnny Mnemonic is a 1995 Cyberpunk Film, loosely based on the short story of the same name by William Gibson, in which Keanu Charles Reeves (kiːˈɑːnuː born September 2, 1964) is a Canadian Actor. Dolph Lundgren (born Hans Lundgren on November 3, 1957 in Stockholm, Sweden is a Swedish Actor, director is a Japanese Filmmaker, Comedian, Actor, Film editor, Presenter, Screenwriter, Author, Poet New Rose Hotel is a 1998 Film by director Abel Ferrara, based on a William Gibson story of the same name Christopher Walken (born March 31 1943 is an American Film and Theatre Actor. William J "Willem" Dafoe (born July 22, 1955) is a three-time Academy Award -nominated American Film and stage Asia Aria Maria Vittoria Rossa Argento (born September 20 1975 is an Italian Television and Film actress and director. The former was the first time in history that a book was launched simultaneously as a film and a CD-ROM interactive video game. CD-ROM (an initialism of "Compact Disc Read-Only Memory " is a pre-pressed Compact Disc that contains data accessible to but not writable A video game is a Game that involves interaction with a User interface to generate visual feedback on a video device. [53] Neuromancer, after a long stay in development hell, is in the process of adaptation as of 2007,[79] Count Zero was at one point being developed as The Zen Differential with director Michael Mann attached, and the third novel in the Sprawl trilogy, Mona Lisa Overdrive, has also been optioned and bought. "Development hell" is media-industry Jargon for a Film, Television Screenplay, Computer program, Concept, or Count Zero is a Science fiction Novel written by William Gibson, originally published in 1986. Michael Kenneth Mann (born February 5 1943 is an American Film director, Screenwriter, and producer. The Sprawl trilogy (also Neuromancer trilogy, Cyberspace trilogy) is William Gibson 's first set of Novels composed of Neuromancer Mona Lisa Overdrive is a Cyberpunk Novel by William Gibson published in 1988 and the final novel of the Sprawl trilogy, following [80] An anime adaptation of Idoru was announced as in development in 2006,[81] and Pattern Recognition was in the process of development by director Peter Weir, although according to Gibson the latter is no longer attached to the project. (anime in Japanese, Idoru redirects here For the Japanese phenomenon see Japanese idol. Peter Lindsay Weir AM (born 21 August 1944 is an Australian Film director. [82] Television is another arena in which Gibson has collaborated; he co-wrote with friend Tom Maddox, the X-Files episodes "Kill Switch" and "First Person Shooter", broadcasted in the U. Tom Maddox is an American Science fiction writer known for his part in the early Cyberpunk movement The X-Files is a Peabody, Golden Globe and Emmy Award -winning American Science fiction television series created by Chris Carter S. on 20th Century Fox Television in 1998 and 2000. Twentieth Century Fox Television Inc (on-logo as 20th Century Fox Television) is the television production division of the 20th Century Fox movie studio a subsidiary [83][45] In 1998 he contributed the introduction to the spin-off publication Art of the X-Files. Gibson made a cameo appearance in the television miniseries Wild Palms at the behest of creator Bruce Wagner. Wild Palms is a six-hour Mini-series, which first aired in May 1993 on the ABC network in the United States. Bruce Alan Wagner (born March 20, 1954) is an American novelist actor screenwriter producer and director based in Los Angeles known for his acerbic [84] Director Oliver Stone had borrowed heavily from Gibson's novels to make the series,[50] and in the aftermath of its cancellation Gibson contributed an article, "Where The Holograms Go", to the Wild Palms Reader. William Oliver Stone (born 15 September) is an American Film director and Screenwriter. [84] He accepted another acting role in 2002, appearing alongside Douglas Coupland in the short film Mon Amour Mon Parapluie in which the pair played philosophers. Douglas Coupland (born December 30, 1961) is a Canadian Novelist. Short subject is a format description originally coined in the North American Film industry in the early period of cinema. [85] Appearances in fiction aside, Gibson was the focus of a biographical documentary film by Mark Neale in 2000 called No Maps for These Territories. Documentary film is a broad category of visual expression that is based on the attempt in one fashion or another to " Document " reality No Maps for These Territories is a 2000 Documentary film made by Mark Neale focusing on the Science fiction author William Gibson. The documentary follows Gibson over the course of a drive across North America discussing various aspects of his life, literary career and cultural interpretations. It features interviews with Jack Womack and Bruce Sterling, as well as recitations from Neuromancer by Bono and The Edge. Jack Womack (b 1956 in Lexington Kentucky) is an American author of Fiction and Speculative fiction. Michael Bruce Sterling (born April 14, 1954) is an American Science fiction author, best known for his novels and his seminal work on the Mirrorshades David Howell Evans (born 8 August 1961 in Barking, East London) more widely known by his Moniker The Edge, is a Musician known best [23]
Exhibitions, poetry and performance art
Gibson has contributed text to be integrated into a number of performance art pieces. This article is about Performance art For other uses see Performance (disambiguation In October 1989, Gibson wrote text for such a collaboration with acclaimed sculptor and future Johnny Mnemonic director Robert Longo[44] titled Dream Jumbo: Working the Absolutes, which was displayed in Royce Hall, University of California Los Angeles. Johnny Mnemonic is a 1995 Cyberpunk Film, loosely based on the short story of the same name by William Gibson, in which Robert Longo (born January 7 1953) is an American painter and sculptor. The University of California Los Angeles (generally known as UCLA) is a public research university located in Westwood Los Angeles, California, United Three years later, Gibson contributed original text to "Memory Palace", a performance show featuring the theater group La Fura dels Baus at Art Futura '92, Barcelona, which featured images by Karl Sims, Rebecca Allen, Mark Pellington with music by Peter Gabriel and others. La Fura dels Baus is a Catalan theatrical group founded in 1979 in Barcelona known for their urban theatre use of unusual settings and blurring Barcelona ( Catalan bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish baɾθeˈlona is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia Karl Sims is a Computer graphics artist and researcher who is most well known for using Particle systems and Artificial life in computer animation Rebecca Allen is an international visionary artist inspired by a variety of media to create work from 3-D Computer graphics, Animation, Music Mark Pellington (born March 17 1962) is an American Film director. Peter Brian Gabriel (born 13 February 1950 in Chobham, Surrey, England) is an English Musician and Songwriter. [75] It was at Art Futura '92 that Gibson met Charlie Athanas, who would later act as dramaturg and "cyberprops" designer on Steve Pickering and Charley Sherman's adaptation of "Burning Chrome" for the Chicago stage. Gibson's latest contribution was in 1997, a collaboration with critically acclaimed Vancouver-based contemporary dance company Holy Body Tattoo and Gibson's friend and future webmaster Christopher Halcrow. Contemporary dance is the name given to a group of 20th century Concert dance forms The Holy Body Tattoo is an award-winning Canadian Contemporary dance troupe based in Vancouver, British Columbia. [86]
In 1990, Gibson contributed to "Visionary San Francisco", an exhibition at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art shown from June 14 to August 26. The San Francisco Museum of Modern Art ( SFMOMA) is a major Modern art Museum and San Francisco Landmark. Events 1276 - While taking exile in Fuzhou in southern China, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the Events 1071 - Battle of Manzikert: The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine Army at Manzikert. [87] He wrote a short story, "Skinner's Room", set in a decaying San Francisco in which the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge was closed and taken over by the homeless – a setting Gibson then detailed in the Bridge trilogy. "Skinner's Room" is a short story by influential Cyberpunk author William Gibson. The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city Homelessness is the condition and social category of people who lack housing because they cannot afford or are otherwise unable to maintain regular safe and adequate shelter The Bridge trilogy is a series of novels by William Gibson, his second after the successful Sprawl trilogy. The story inspired a contribution to the exhibition by architects Ming Fung and Craig Hodgetts that envisioned a San Francisco in which the rich live in high-tech, solar-powered towers, above the decrepit city and its crumbling bridge. Solar energy is the Light and radiant heat from the Sun that powers Earth 's Climate and Weather and sustains Life [88] The architects exhibit featured Gibson on a monitor discussing the future and reading from "Skinner's Room". [75] The New York Times hailed the exhibition as "one of the most ambitious, and admirable, efforts to address the realm of architecture and cities that any museum in the country has mounted in the last decade", despite calling Ming and Hodgetts's reaction to Gibson's contribution "a powerful, but sad and not a little cynical, work". [88] A slightly different version of the short story was featured a year later in Omni. OMNI was a Science magazine and Science fiction magazine published in the USA. [89]
A particularly well-received work by Gibson was Agrippa (A Book of the Dead) (1992), a 300-line semi-autobiographical electronic poem that was his contribution to a collaborative project with artist Dennis Ashbaugh and publisher Kevin Begos, Jr. Agrippa (a book of the dead is a Work of art created by Speculative fiction novelist William Gibson, artist Dennis Ashbaugh and publisher [90] Gibson's text focused on the ethereal nature of memories (the title refers to a photo album) and was originally published on a 3. A photographic album, or photo album, is a collection of a series of Photographs generally in a Book. 5" floppy disk embedded in the back of an artist's book containing etchings by Ashbaugh (intended to fade from view once the book was opened and exposed to light – they never did, however). A floppy disk is an increasingly Obsolete data storage medium that is composed of a disk of thin flexible ("floppy" Magnetic storage medium encased Artists' books are works of art realized in the form of a book For other uses of etch or etching, see Etching (disambiguation, for the history of the method see Old master prints. Gibson commented that Ashbaugh's design "eventually included a supposedly self-devouring floppy-disk intended to display the text only once, then eat itself. A self-destruct is a mechanism which causes a device to destroy itself under a predefined set of circumstances "[91] Contrary to numerous colorful reports, the diskettes were never actually "hacked"; instead the poem was manually transcribed from a surreptitious videotape of a public showing in Manhattan in December 1992, and released on the MindVox BBS the next day; this is the text that circulated widely on the Internet. Videotape is a means of recording images and sound onto Magnetic tape as opposed to movie film. Manhattan Island, in New York Harbor, is much the largest part of the Borough of Manhattan, one of the Five Boroughs which form the City of New York Founding and Early Years "Voices in My Head" MindVox was deeply connected to the emerging non-academic hacker culture and ideas about the potentials A Bulletin Board System, or BBS, is a Computer system running software that allows users to connect and login to [92]
Journalism
Gibson is a sporadic contributor to Wired, and has written for The Observer, Addicted to Noise, New York Times Magazine and Rolling Stone. Wired is a full-color monthly American Magazine and on-line periodical published in San Francisco, California since March 1993 The Observer is a British Newspaper published on Sundays In about the same place on the political spectrum as its daily sister paper The The New York Times Magazine is a supplement to the Sunday The New York Times newspaper Rolling Stone is a United States -based Magazine devoted to Music, Politics, and Popular culture that is published He commenced writing a blog in January 2003, providing voyeuristic insights into his reaction to Pattern Recognition, but abated in September of the same year due to concerns that it might negatively affect his creative process. A blog (a contraction of the term " Web log " is a Web site, usually maintained by an individual with regular entries of commentary descriptions of Pattern Recognition is a novel by Science fiction writer William Gibson published in 2003 [93][94] Gibson re-commenced blogging in October 2004, and during the process of writing Spook Country frequently posted short nonsequential excerpts from the novel to the blog. Spook Country is a 2007 Novel by William Gibson. Gibson announced the book on October 6, 2006 on his blog where fragments of [95][96][97]
Influence and recognition
Hailed by The Guardian in 1999 as "probably the most important novelist of the past two decades" in terms of influence,[55] Gibson first achieved critical recognition with his debut novel, Neuromancer. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Neuromancer is a 1984 novel by William Gibson, notable for being the most famous early Cyberpunk novel and winner of the science-fiction "triple The novel won three major science fiction awards (the Nebula Award, the Philip K. Dick Award, and the Hugo Award), an unprecedented achievement described by the Mail & Guardian as "the sci-fi writer's version of winning the Goncourt, Booker and Pulitzer prizes in the same year". The Nebula Award is an award given each year by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America (SFWA for the best Science fiction / Fantasy fiction The Philip K Dick Award is a science fiction award given annually at Norwescon sponsored by the Philadelphia Science Fiction Society and (since 2005 supported The Hugo Awards are given every year for the best Science fiction or Fantasy works and achievements of the previous year The Mail & Guardian is a South African weekly investigative newspaper published by M&G Media in Johannesburg, South Africa, with a strong focus The Prix Goncourt is a prize in French literature, given to the Author of "the best and most imaginative prose work of the year" The Man Booker Prize for Fiction, also known in short as the Booker Prize, is a literary prize awarded each year for the best original full-length Novel The Pulitzer Prize, ˈpʊlɨtsɚ PULL-it-sər is an American award regarded as the highest national honor in Newspaper journalism, [53] Neuromancer gained unprecedented critical and popular attention outside science fiction,[8] as an "evocation of life in the late 1980s",[98] although The Observer noted that "it took the New York Times 10 years" to mention the novel. The Observer is a British Newspaper published on Sundays In about the same place on the political spectrum as its daily sister paper The [21]
His work received international attention[19] from an audience that was not limited to science fiction aficionados as, in the words of Laura Miller, "readers found startlingly prophetic reflections of contemporary life in [its] fantastic and often outright paranoid scenarios. Paranoia is a disturbed thought process characterized by excessive Anxiety or Fear, often to the point of Irrationality and Delusion. "[99] It is often situated by critics within the context of postindustrialism as, according to academic David Brande, a construction of "a mirror of existing large-scale techno-social relations",[100] and as a narrative version of postmodern consumer culture. A post-industrial society is a society in which an economic transition has occurred from a manufacturing based economy to a service based economy, a diffusion A narrative or story is a construct created in a suitable format (written spoken poetry prose images song Theater, or Dance) that describes a sequence of Postmodernity (also spelled post-modernity or the pejorative postmodern condition) is generally used to describe the economic and/or cultural state or condition Consumerism is the equation of personal Happiness with the purchase of material possessions and consumption. [101] It is praised by critics for its depictions of late capitalism[100] and its "rewriting of subjectivity, human consciousness and behaviour made newly problematic by technology. In his work Late Capitalism Ernest Mandel argues for three periods in the development of Capitalism. Subjectivity refers to a subject's perspective particularly feelings beliefs and desires Consciousness has been defined loosely as a constellation of attributes of Mind such as Subjectivity, Self-awareness, Sentience, and the "[101] Tatiani Rapatzikou, writing in The Literary Encyclopedia, identifies Gibson as "one of North America's most highly acclaimed science fiction writers". The Literary Encyclopedia is an Online Reference work first published in October 2000 which as of May 2008, offers freely available [19]
Cultural significance
William Gibson - the man who made us cool.
—cyberpunk author Richard K Morgan[14]
In his early short fiction, Gibson is credited by Rapatzikou in The Literary Encyclopedia with effectively renovating science fiction, a genre at that time considered widely "insignificant",[19] influencing by means of the postmodern aesthetic of his writing the development of new perspectives in science fiction studies. Richard K Morgan (born 1965 is a British Science fiction author Aesthetics or esthetics ( also spelled æsthetics) is commonly known as the study of sensory or sensori-emotional values sometimes called Science Fiction Studies ( SFS) is a scholarly journal that publishes articles and book reviews on science fiction broadly defined [40] In the words of filmmaker Marianne Trench, Gibson's visions "struck sparks in the real world" and "determined the way people thought and talked" to an extent unprecedented in science fiction literature. [102] The publication of Neuromancer (1984) hit a cultural nerve,[40] causing Larry McCaffery to credit Gibson with virtually launching the cyberpunk movement,[8] as "the one major writer who is original and gifted to make the whole movement seem original and gifted. Larry McCaffery is a Literary critic, editor, and retired Professor of English and Comparative Literature at San Diego State Cyberpunk is a Science fiction genre noted for its focus on " High tech and low life. "[34] Aside from their central importance to cyberpunk and steampunk fiction, Gibson's fictional works have been hailed by space historian Dwayne A. Day as some of the best examples of space-based science fiction (or "solar sci-fi"), and "probably the only ones that rise above mere escapism to be truly thought-provoking". Steampunk is a subgenre of fantasy and Speculative fiction that came into prominence in the 1980s and early 1990s Dwayne Allen Day is an American Space Historian and policy analyst Outer space, often simply called space, comprises the relatively empty regions of the Universe outside the escape velocities of Celestial bodies. [103]
Gibson's early novels were, according to The Observer, "seized upon by the emerging slacker and hacker generation as a kind of road map". The Observer is a British Newspaper published on Sundays In about the same place on the political spectrum as its daily sister paper The The term slacker is commonly used to refer to a person who avoids work or (primarily in North American English an educated person who is antimaterialistic and viewed For other uses and for specific types of plans see Plan (disambiguation. [21] Through his novels, such terms as cyberspace, netsurfing, ICE, jacking in, and neural implants entered popular usage, as did concepts such as net consciousness, virtual interaction and "the matrix". [105] In "Burning Chrome" (1982), he coined the term cyberspace,[IV] referring to the "mass consensual hallucination" of computer networks. Hackers (ISBN 0-441-00375-3 is an Anthology of short stories edited by Jack Dann and Gardner Dozois. Cyberspace &mdash from the Greek el Κυβερνήτης (el kybernētēs steersman governor pilot or rudder &mdash is the global domain of electro-magnetics accessed A computer network is a group of interconnected Computers. Networks may be classified according to a wide variety of characteristics [106] Through its use in Neuromancer, the term gained such recognition that it became the de facto term for the World Wide Web during the 1990s. The World Wide Web (commonly shortened to the Web) is a system of interlinked Hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. [107] Artist Dike Blair has commented that Gibson's "terse descriptive phrases capture the moods which surround technologies, rather than their engineering. "[108]
Gibson's work has influenced several popular musicians: references to his fiction appear in the music of Stuart Hamm,[I] Billy Idol,[II] Warren Zevon,[III] Deltron 3030, Straylight Run[109] and Sonic Youth. Stuart "Stu" Hamm (born February 8, 1960) is an American Bass guitar player known for his session and live work with numerous artists as Billy Idol (born William Michael Albert Broad, 30 November 1955, Stanmore, Middlesex) is an English rock Warren William Zevon (January 24 1947 &ndash September 7 2003 was a Grammy Award -winning American rock Singer-songwriter and Musician Deltron 3030 is a supergroup of hip hop artists composed of producer Dan the Automator, rapper Del Straylight Run is an Indie rock band based in Baldwin, Nassau County, Long Island, New York. Sonic Youth is an American Alternative rock band formed in New York City in 1981 U2's Zooropa album was heavily influenced by Neuromancer,[48] and the band at one point planned to scroll the text of Neuromancer above them on a concert tour, although this did not end up happening. Zooropa is the eighth studio album by the Irish rock band U2. Members of the band did, however, provide background music for the audiobook version of Neuromancer as well as appearing in No Maps for These Territories, a biographical documentary of Gibson. No Maps for These Territories is a 2000 Documentary film made by Mark Neale focusing on the Science fiction author William Gibson. [110] He returned the favour by writing an article about the band's Vertigo Tour for Wired in August 2005. The Vertigo Tour was a Concert tour by the Irish rock band U2, which took place in 2005 and 2006 in support of the group's 2004 album Wired is a full-color monthly American Magazine and on-line periodical published in San Francisco, California since March 1993 [111]
The landmark cyberpunk film The Matrix (1999), drew inspiration for its title, characters and story elements from the Sprawl trilogy. The Matrix is a 1999 science fiction - martial arts - Action film written and directed by Larry and Andy Wachowski and The Sprawl trilogy (also Neuromancer trilogy, Cyberspace trilogy) is William Gibson 's first set of Novels composed of Neuromancer [112] The characters of Neo and Trinity in The Matrix are similar to Bobby Newmark (Count Zero) and Molly ("Johnny Mnemonic", Neuromancer). Thomas A "Tom" Anderson (alias Neo) is a Fictional character in The Matrix, The Matrix Reloaded, and Trinity is a Fictional character in The Matrix Universe, played by Carrie-Anne Moss in the Films In the gameplay segments of Count Zero is a Science fiction Novel written by William Gibson, originally published in 1986. Molly Millions (also known as Sally Shears) is a recurring character in stories and novels written by William Gibson, particularly his Sprawl trilogy Neuromancer is a 1984 novel by William Gibson, notable for being the most famous early Cyberpunk novel and winner of the science-fiction "triple [80] Like Turner, protagonist of Gibson's Count Zero, characters in The Matrix download instructions (to fly a helicopter and to "know kung fu", respectively) directly into their heads, and both Neuromancer and The Matrix feature artificial intelligences which strive to free themselves from human control. [80] Critics have identified marked similarities between Neuromancer and the film's cinematography and tone. See also Filmmaking Cinematography (from Greek: kinesis κινησις (movement and grapho γραφω (to record is the discipline Tone is a Literary technique, that is a part of composition, that encompasses the attitudes toward the subject and toward the audience implied in a literary work [113] Despite being initially reticent about seeing the film on its release,[23] Gibson later described it as "arguably the ultimate 'cyberpunk' artifact. "[1]
Visionary influence and prescience
The future is already here – it's just not evenly distributed.
—William Gibson, quoted in The Economist, December 4, 2003[114]
In Neuromancer, Gibson first used the term "matrix" to refer to the visualised Internet, two years after the nascent Internet was formed in the early 1980s from the computer networks of the 1970s. The Economist is an English-language weekly news and International affairs publication owned by The Economist Newspaper Ltd and edited in London "December 4th" redirects here For the song by Jay-Z, see December 4th (song. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks A computer network is a group of interconnected Computers. Networks may be classified according to a wide variety of characteristics [115][116][117] In this conception of the "matrix", he predicted a worldwide communications network eleven years before the origin of the World Wide Web,[45] although related notions had been described elsewhere. A telecommunications network is a network of Telecommunications links and nodes arranged so that messages may be passed from one part of the network to another over The World Wide Web (commonly shortened to the Web) is a system of interlinked Hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. [V] At the time he wrote "Burning Chrome", Gibson "had a hunch that [the Internet] would change things, in the same way that the ubiquity of the automobile changed things. Hackers (ISBN 0-441-00375-3 is an Anthology of short stories edited by Jack Dann and Gardner Dozois. "[23] In 1995, he identified the advent, evolution and growth of the Internet as "one of the most fascinating and unprecedented human achievements of the century", a new kind of civilization that is – in terms of significance – on a par with the birth of cities,[74] and in 2000 predicted it would lead to the death of the nation state. For the online game see Jennifer Government NationStates. The nation-state is a certain form of State that derives its legitimacy [23]
Observers contend that Gibson's influence on the development of the Web reached beyond prediction; he is widely credited with creating an iconography for the information age, long before the embrace of the Internet by the mainstream. Iconography is the branch of Art history which studies the identification description and the interpretation of the content of images Information Age is a term that has been used to refer to the present era [26] His influence on early pioneers of desktop environment digital art has been acknowledged,[118] and he holds an honorary doctorate from Parsons The New School for Design. In graphical computing a desktop environment ( DE) commonly refers to a style of Graphical user interface (GUI that is based on the Desktop metaphor which Digital art most commonly refers to Art created on a Computer in Digital form An honorary degree or a degree honoris causa ( Latin: 'for the sake of the honour' is an Academic degree for which a university (or other degree-awarding Parsons The New School for Design (abbreviated Parsons) is a Design school founded in 1896 (see below [119] Larry McCaffery claims that in writing the Sprawl trilogy Gibson laid the "conceptual foundations for the explosive real-world growth of virtual environments in videogames and the Web". The Sprawl trilogy (also Neuromancer trilogy, Cyberspace trilogy) is William Gibson 's first set of Novels composed of Neuromancer [55] In his afterword to the 2000 re-issue of Neuromancer, fellow author Jack Womack suggests that Gibson's vision of cyberspace may have inspired the way in which the Internet (and the Web particularly) developed, following the publication of Neuromancer in 1984, asking "what if the act of writing it down, in fact, brought it about?"[120]
Gibson scholar Tatiani G. Rapatzikou has commented, in Gothic Motifs in the Fiction of William Gibson, on the origin of the notion of cyberspace:
Gibson's vision, generated by the monopolising appearance of the terminal image and presented in his creation of the cyberspace matrix, came to him when he saw teenagers playing in video arcades. A video arcade (also known as an amusement arcade in the United Kingdom in Japan or as an "arcade" is a venue where people play arcade video games The physical intensity of their postures, and the realistic interpretation of the terminal spaces projected by these games – as if there were a real space behind the screen – made apparent the manipulation of the real by its own representation. "Pose" redirects here For other uses see Pose (disambiguation. "Noumena" redirects here For the band see Noumena (band. A phenomenon (from Greek φαινόμενoν, pl φαινόμενα - phenomena) is any observable occurrence [121]
In his Sprawl and Bridge trilogies, Gibson is credited with being one of the few observers to explore the portents of the information age for notions of the sociospatial structuring of cities. The Sprawl trilogy (also Neuromancer trilogy, Cyberspace trilogy) is William Gibson 's first set of Novels composed of Neuromancer The Bridge trilogy is a series of novels by William Gibson, his second after the successful Sprawl trilogy. [122] Not all responses to Gibson's visions have been positive, however; virtual reality pioneer Mark Pesce, though acknowledging their heavy influence on him and that "no other writer had so eloquently and emotionally effected the direction of the hacker community,"[123] dismissed them as "adolescent fantasies of violence and disembodiment". Virtual reality ( VR) is a technology which allows a user to interact with a Computer-simulated environment be it a real or imagined one Mark Pesce, ( December 8, 1962, in Everett Massachusetts) (ˈpɛʃi one of the early pioneers in Virtual Reality is a writer researcher Violence is the exertion of force so as to injure or abuse The word is used broadly to describe the destructive action of natural phenomena like Storms and Earthquakes [124] In Pattern Recognition, the plot revolves around snippets of film footage posted anonymously to various locations on the Internet. Pattern recognition is a sub-topic of Machine learning. It is "the act of taking in raw data and taking an action based on the category of the data" Characters in the novel speculate about the filmmaker's identity, motives, methods and inspirations on several websites, anticipating the 2006 Lonelygirl15 internet phenomenon. lonelygirl15 was an interactive web-based video series which began in June 2006 and ended on August 1 2008 However, Gibson later disputed the notion that the creators of Lonelygirl15 drew influence from him. [125] Another phenomenon anticipated by Gibson is the rise of reality television,[10] for example in Virtual Light, which featured a satirical extrapolated version of COPS. Reality television is a genre of Television programming which presents purportedly unscripted dramatic or humorous situations documents actual events and usually features ordinary Virtual Light is the first book in William Gibson 's Bridge trilogy. Satire is often strictly defined as a literary genre or form; although in practice it is also found in the graphic and Performing arts In satire human COPS is an American Documentary television series that follows Police officers and Sheriff 's deputies during patrols and other police [126]
Visionary writer is OK. Prophet is just not true. One of the things that made me like Bruce Sterling immediately when first I met him, back in 1991. Michael Bruce Sterling (born April 14, 1954) is an American Science fiction author, best known for his novels and his seminal work on the Mirrorshades We shook hands and he said "We’ve got a great job ! We got to be charlatans and we’re paid for it. A charlatan (also called swindler) is a person practicing Quackery or some similar Confidence trick in order to obtain money or advantage via some form We make this shit up and people believe it. "
—Gibson in interview with ActuSf, March 2008. [65]
For his part, Gibson rejects any notion of prophecy, never having had a special relationship with computers – until 1996 he did not have an email address, or even a modem, which he claimed at the time was motivated by a desire to avoid correspondence that would distract him from writing. An e-mail address identifies a location to which E-mail messages can be delivered Modem (from mo dulator- dem odulator is a device that modulates an analog carrier signal to encode Digital information [74] His first exposure to a website came while writing Idoru when he was persuaded to let a web developer, Chris Halcrow, build one for him. A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages Idoru redirects here For the Japanese phenomenon see Japanese idol. A web developer is a Software developer or Software engineer who is specifically engaged in the development of World Wide Web applications or distributed [7] An anecdote often recited in cybercultural enclaves and English departments holds that Neuromancer was written on a manual typewriter;[127] the author has confirmed that the novel was written on a 1927 model of an olive-green Hermes portable typewriter, which looked to him as "the kind of thing Hemingway would have used in the field". For other uses see Anecdota. For a comparison of anecdote with other kinds of stories see Myth legend fairy tale and fable. A typewriter is a mechanical or Electromechanical device with a set of "keys" that when pressed cause characters to be printed on a medium Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21 1899 — July 2 1961 was an American novelist short-story writer, and Journalist. [53] In 2007 he said:
I have a 2005 PowerBook G4, a gig of memory, wireless router. The PowerBook G4 was a series of Notebook computers that was manufactured marketed and sold by Apple Computer Inc A gigabyte (derived from the SI prefix Giga-) is a unit of Information or Computer A wireless router is a network device that performs the functions of a Router but also includes the functions of a Wireless access point. That's it. I'm anything but an early adopter, generally. In fact, I've never really been very interested in computers themselves. I don't watch them; I watch how people behave around them. That's becoming more difficult to do because everything is "around them". [58]
Selected bibliography
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Further reading
- Olsen, Lance (1992). The works of William Gibson encompass Literature, Journalism, acting, Recitation, and Performance art. The Sprawl trilogy (also Neuromancer trilogy, Cyberspace trilogy) is William Gibson 's first set of Novels composed of Neuromancer Neuromancer is a 1984 novel by William Gibson, notable for being the most famous early Cyberpunk novel and winner of the science-fiction "triple Count Zero is a Science fiction Novel written by William Gibson, originally published in 1986. Mona Lisa Overdrive is a Cyberpunk Novel by William Gibson published in 1988 and the final novel of the Sprawl trilogy, following The Difference Engine is an alternate history Novel by William Gibson and Bruce Sterling. Michael Bruce Sterling (born April 14, 1954) is an American Science fiction author, best known for his novels and his seminal work on the Mirrorshades The Bridge trilogy is a series of novels by William Gibson, his second after the successful Sprawl trilogy. Virtual Light is the first book in William Gibson 's Bridge trilogy. Idoru redirects here For the Japanese phenomenon see Japanese idol. All Tomorrow's Parties is the third book in William Gibson 's Bridge trilogy. Pattern Recognition is a novel by Science fiction writer William Gibson published in 2003 Spook Country is a 2007 Novel by William Gibson. Gibson announced the book on October 6, 2006 on his blog where fragments of Agrippa (a book of the dead is a Work of art created by Speculative fiction novelist William Gibson, artist Dennis Ashbaugh and publisher Artists' books are works of art realized in the form of a book Burning Chrome (ISBN 0-06-053982-8 is a collection of short stories written by William Gibson. Michael Bruce Sterling (born April 14, 1954) is an American Science fiction author, best known for his novels and his seminal work on the Mirrorshades " Fragments of a Hologram Rose " is a Science fiction short story by William Gibson. OMNI was a Science magazine and Science fiction magazine published in the USA. "The Gernsback Continuum" is a Short story by William Gibson about a Photographer who has been given the assignment of photographing "Hinterlands" is a Science fiction Short story written by William Gibson in 1981 and published in his short fiction collection Burning This article is about the short story For the 1998 film adaptation see New Rose Hotel (film. The Belonging Kind is a Science fiction short story a collaboration between noted Cyberpunk authors William Gibson and John Shirley John Patrick Shirley (born February 10, 1953) is an American Science fiction and horror writer of Novels short stories Hackers (ISBN 0-441-00375-3 is an Anthology of short stories edited by Jack Dann and Gardner Dozois. "Red Star Winter Orbit" is a short story written by William Gibson and Bruce Sterling and published in Gibson's Burning Chrome collection Michael Bruce Sterling (born April 14, 1954) is an American Science fiction author, best known for his novels and his seminal work on the Mirrorshades "The Winter Market" is a Science fiction short story written by William Gibson, and published as part of his Burning Chrome short Hackers (ISBN 0-441-00375-3 is an Anthology of short stories edited by Jack Dann and Gardner Dozois. Michael Swanwick (born November 18, 1950) is an American Science fiction author William Gibson. San Bernardino: Borgo Press. ISBN 1557421986. OCLC 27254726. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose
- Cavallaro, Dani (2000). Cyberpunk and Cyberculture. London: Athlone Press. ISBN 9780485006070. OCLC 43751735. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose
- Tatsumi, Takayuki (2006). Full Metal Apache: Transactions between Cyberpunk Japan and Avant-Pop America. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 9780822337744. OCLC 63125607. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose
- Yoke, Carl (2007). The Cultural Influences of William Gibson, the "Father" of Cyberpunk Science Fiction. Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen Pr. Lewiston is a village in Niagara County, New York, United States. ISBN 9780773454675. OCLC 173809083. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose
Footnotes
I. ^ Several track names on Hamm's Kings of Sleep album ("Black Ice", "Count Zero", "Kings of Sleep") reference Gibson's work. Kings of Sleep is the second solo album released by bassist Stuart Hamm. Intrusion Countermeasures Electronics ( ICE) is a term used in Cyberpunk literature to refer to security programs which protect computerized Count Zero is a Science fiction Novel written by William Gibson, originally published in 1986. "The Winter Market" is a Science fiction short story written by William Gibson, and published as part of his Burning Chrome short [128]
II. ^ Idol released an album in 1993 titled Cyberpunk, which featured a track named Neuromancer. Cyberpunk is a Concept album by American rock musician Billy Idol, released in 1993 by Chrysalis Records. [48] Robert Christgau excoriated Idol's treatment of cyberpunk,[129] and Gibson later stated that Idol had "turned it into something very silly. Robert Christgau (born April 18 1942) is an American Essayist, Music journalist, and the self-declared "Dean of American Cyberpunk is a Science fiction genre noted for its focus on " High tech and low life. "[72]
III. ^ Zevon's 1989 album Transverse City was inspired by Gibson's fiction. Transverse City is an album by American Singer/songwriter Warren Zevon, released in 1989 [130]
IV. ^ Gibson later successfully resisted attempts by Autodesk to copyright the word for their abortive foray into virtual reality. Autodesk Inc ( is an American Multinational corporation that focuses on 2D and 3D design Software for use in architecture engineering Virtual reality ( VR) is a technology which allows a user to interact with a Computer-simulated environment be it a real or imagined one [48]
V. ^ The idea of a globally interconnected set of computers through which everyone could quickly access data and programs from any site was first described in 1962 in a series of memos on the "Galactic Computer Network" by J.C.R. Licklider of DARPA. Joseph Carl Robnett Licklider ( March 11, 1915 &ndash June 26, 1990) known simply as J The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA is an agency of the United States Department of Defense responsible for the development of new Technology [131]
VI. ^ The New York Times Magazine[22] and Gibson himself[20] report his age at the time of his father's death to be six years old, while Gibson scholar Tatiani Rapatzikou claims in The Literary Encyclopedia that he was eight years old. The New York Times Magazine is a supplement to the Sunday The New York Times newspaper The Literary Encyclopedia is an Online Reference work first published in October 2000 which as of May 2008, offers freely available [19]
References
- ^ a b c Gibson, William (2003-01-28). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted The Matrix: Fair Cop. Retrieved on 2007-11-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1333 - Flood of the Arno River, causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani
- ^ a b Gibson, William (2007-01-13). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 532 - Nika riots in Constantinople. 888 - Odo Count of Paris becomes King of the Franks Philip K. Dick. Retrieved on 2007-11-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1333 - Flood of the Arno River, causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani
- ^ a b Gibson, William (July 2005). God's Little Toys:Confessions of a cut & paste artist. Wired.com. Wired News is an online technology news Website, formerly known as HotWired, that split off from Wired magazine when the Retrieved on 2007-11-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1333 - Flood of the Arno River, causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani
- ^ a b c Garreau, Joel. "Through the Looking Glass", The Washington Post, 2007-09-06. The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated Newspaper in Washington D Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started Retrieved on 2007-10-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 637 - Antioch surrenders to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge.
- ^ Rapp, Alan E. (1999-04-29). Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Events 1429 - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orleans. You Can Never Read Too Much Into It. Arts & Entertainment. Salon.com. Saloncom, part of Salon Media Group ( often just called Salon, is an online Retrieved on 2007-11-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with
- ^ Gibson, William (2003-01-18). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor Influences Generally. Retrieved on 2007-11-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus"
- ^ a b Rosenberg, Scott. William Gibson Webmaster. The Salon Interview. Salon.com. Saloncom, part of Salon Media Group ( often just called Salon, is an online Retrieved on 2007-11-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o McCaffery, Larry [1991]. Larry McCaffery is a Literary critic, editor, and retired Professor of English and Comparative Literature at San Diego State "An Interview with William Gibson", Storming the Reality Studio: a casebook of cyberpunk and postmodern science fiction. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press, pp. Durham is a city in the US state of North Carolina. It is the County seat of Durham County Duke University Press is a book publisher and a part of Duke University. 263–285. ISBN 9780822311683. OCLC 23384573. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose Retrieved on 2007-11-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1499 - Publication of the Catholicon in Treguier ( Brittany)
- ^ Tatsumi, Takayuki (1988). Saibapanku Amerika =: Cyberpunk America (in Japanese). is a language spoken by over 130 million people in Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities Tokyo: Keiso Shobo. officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. ISBN 9784326098248. OCLC 22493233. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose
- ^ a b c d Parker, T. Virgil (Summer 2007). "William Gibson: Sci-Fi Icon Becomes Prophet of the Present". College Crier 6 (2).
- ^ a b Gibson, William (2006-07-21). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 356 BC - Herostratus sets fire to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World Burst City Trailer. Retrieved on 2007-11-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus"
- ^ Call, Lewis, "Anarchy in the Matrix: Postmodern Anarchism in the Novels of William Gibson and Bruce Sterling", Anarchist Studies, Volume 7, No. Lewis Call is an American academic notable for being a central post-anarchist thinker 2.
- ^ a b Dyer-Bennet, Cynthia. Cory Doctorow Talks About Nearly Everything. Inkwell: Authors and Artists. The Well. The Whole Earth 'Lectronic Link, normally shortened to The WELL, is one of the oldest Virtual communities in continuous operation Retrieved on 2007-08-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and
- ^ a b c Morgan, Richard. Richard K Morgan (born 1965 is a British Science fiction author Recommended Reading List. Retrieved on 2007-11-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1499 - Publication of the Catholicon in Treguier ( Brittany)
- ^ Charles Stross' dense stories have made him a Singularity sensation. Scifi. com. Retrieved on 2007-11-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 498 - Kofi Aseidu- After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran
- ^ Gibson, William. "Modern boys and mobile girls", The Japan issue, The Observer, 2001-04-01. The Observer is a British Newspaper published on Sundays In about the same place on the political spectrum as its daily sister paper The Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Retrieved on 2007-10-28. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 306 - Maxentius is proclaimed Roman Emperor. 312 - Battle of Milvian Bridge: Constantine
- ^ a b Bennie, Angela (2007-09-07). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece. A reality stranger than fiction. Sydney Morning Herald. The Sydney Morning Herald ( SMH) is a daily Broadsheet Newspaper published by Fairfax Media in Sydney, Australia Fairfax Media. Fairfax Media Limited, is one of Australia's largest diversified media companies Retrieved on 2008-01-21. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade.
- ^ a b c Marshall, John. "William Gibson's new novel asks, is the truth stranger than science fiction today?", Books, Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 2003-02-06. The Seattle Post-Intelligencer (popularly known as "the P-I" is one of two daily Newspapers in Seattle Washington, United States. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio Retrieved on 2007-11-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Rapatzikou, Tatiani (2003-06-17). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat "William Gibson.". The Literary Encyclopedia. The Literary Encyclopedia is an Online Reference work first published in October 2000 which as of May 2008, offers freely available The Literary Dictionary Company. Retrieved on 2007-08-27. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 479 BC - Greco-Persian Wars: Persian forces led by Mardonius are routed by Pausanias, the Spartan
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Gibson, William (2002-11-06). See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with "Since 1948". Retrieved on 2007-11-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1333 - Flood of the Arno River, causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani
- ^ a b c d e f Adams, Tim; Emily Stokes, James Flint (2007-08-12). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon - Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid Space to think. Books by genre. The Observer. The Observer is a British Newspaper published on Sundays In about the same place on the political spectrum as its daily sister paper The Retrieved on 2007-10-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 740 - An Earthquake strikes Constantinople, causing much damage and death
- ^ a b c Solomon, Deborah. "Back From the Future", Questions for William Gibson, The New York Times Magazine, 2007-08-19, pp. The New York Times Magazine is a supplement to the Sunday The New York Times newspaper Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 43 BC - Octavian, later known as Augustus compels the Roman Senate to elect him Consul. 13. Retrieved on 2007-10-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Mark Neale (director), William Gibson (subject). (2000). No Maps for These Territories [Documentary]. No Maps for These Territories is a 2000 Documentary film made by Mark Neale focusing on the Science fiction author William Gibson. Docurama.
- ^ Maddox, Tom (1989). Tom Maddox is an American Science fiction writer known for his part in the early Cyberpunk movement Maddox on Gibson. Retrieved on 2007-10-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 740 - An Earthquake strikes Constantinople, causing much damage and death “This story originally appeared in a Canadian 'zine, Virus 23, 1989. ”
- ^ a b Wiebe, Joe. Joe Wiebe is a Canadian Writer from Vancouver, British Columbia of Mennonite descent "Writing Vancouver", Special to the Sun, The Vancouver Sun, 2007-10-13. The Vancouver Sun is a daily newspaper first published in the Canadian province of British Columbia on February 12, 1912 Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees Retrieved on 2008-02-01. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen
- ^ a b Leonard, Andrew (February 2001). Riding shotgun with William Gibson. Salon.com. Saloncom, part of Salon Media Group ( often just called Salon, is an online Retrieved on 2007-11-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with
- ^ Gibson, William. Interview with Annalee Newitz. William Gibson Talks to io9 About Canada, Draft Dodging, and Godzilla. io9. io9 is a Science fiction Blog launched in 2008 by Gawker Media. San Francisco. The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city June 10, 2008. Events 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Sally River while leading an army to Jerusalem 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common . Retrieved on 2008-06-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Sally River while leading an army to Jerusalem
- ^ (1967-09-04). Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. Events 476 - Romulus Augustus, last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself Yorkville: Hippie haven (14 min Windows Media Video; "This is Bill" appears first after 0:45). Windows Media Video ( WMV) is a compressed Video file format for several proprietary Codecs developed by Microsoft. Rochdale College: Organized anarchy (16 min radio recording Windows Media Audio; interviews start after 4:11). Windows Media Audio ( WMA) is an Audio data compression technology developed by Microsoft. Yorkville, Toronto: CBC.ca. Yorkville is a district in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, well known for its shopping CBCca is the English-language online service of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved on 2008-02-01. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen
- ^ Gibson, William (2003-05-01). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. That CBC Archival Footage. Retrieved on 2007-11-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus"
- ^ a b Gibson, William (January 1999). "My Obsession". Wired.com (7. Wired is a full-color monthly American Magazine and on-line periodical published in San Francisco, California since March 1993 01).
- ^ Mike Rogers (1993-10-01). Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. In Same Universe. Lysator Sweden Science Fiction Archive. Archived from the original on 2007-04-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1012 - Martyrdom of Alphege in Greenwich London. 1529 - At the Second Diet of Speyer Retrieved on 2007-11-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with
- ^ "UBC Alumni: The First Cyberpunk" (2004-03-04). "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth UBC Reports 50 (3). Vancouver, Canada: University of British Columbia. Vancouver (vænˈkuːvɚ is a coastal Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The University of British Columbia ( UBC) is a Canadian public research University with campuses near Vancouver and in Kelowna
- ^ a b Calcutt, Andrew (1999). Cult Fiction. Chicago: Contemporary Books. ISBN 9780809225064. OCLC 42363052. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose
- ^ a b c d e f g h McCaffery, Larry (1991). Storming the Reality Studio: a casebook of cyberpunk and postmodern science fiction. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press. Durham is a city in the US state of North Carolina. It is the County seat of Durham County Duke University Press is a book publisher and a part of Duke University. ISBN 9780822311683. OCLC 23384573. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose
- ^ a b c Shiner, Lewis; George Edgar Slusser, Tom Shippey (1992). Lewis Shiner ( December 30, 1950, Eugene Oregon) is an American writer "Inside the Movement: Past, Present and Future", Fiction 2000:Cyberpunk and the Future of Narrative. Athens: University of Georgia Press. ISBN 9780820314259. OCLC 24953403. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose
- ^ Bould, Mark (2005). "Cyberpunk", in David Seed: A Companion to Science Fiction. Blackwell Publishing Professional, 217–218. ISBN 9781405112185. OCLC 56924865. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose
- ^ Gibson, William; Bruce Sterling (1986). Michael Bruce Sterling (born April 14, 1954) is an American Science fiction author, best known for his novels and his seminal work on the Mirrorshades "Introduction", Burning Chrome. Burning Chrome (ISBN 0-06-053982-8 is a collection of short stories written by William Gibson. New York: Harper Collins. ISBN 0060539828. OCLC 51342671. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose
- ^ Gibson, William (2003-09-04). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 476 - Romulus Augustus, last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself Neuromancer: The Timeline. Retrieved on 2007-11-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus"
- ^ Gibson, William (2003-01-17). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca Oh Well, While I'm Here: Bladerunner. Retrieved on 2008-01-21. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade.
- ^ a b c Hollinger, Veronica (July 1999). "Contemporary Trends in Science Fiction Criticism, 1980–1999". Science Fiction Studies 26 (78).
- ^ Cheng, Alastair. 77. Neuromancer (1984). The LRC 100: Canada's Most Important Books. Literary Review of Canada. Retrieved on 2007-09-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian
- ^ Person, Lawrence (Winter/Spring 1998). "Notes Toward a Postcyberpunk Manifesto". Nova Express 4 (4).
- ^ Grossman, Lev; Richard Lacayo. Neuromancer (1984). TIME Magazine All-Time 100 Novels. Time. Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and Retrieved on 2007-11-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with
- ^ a b van Bakel, Rogier (June 1995). "Remembering Johnny". Wired (3. Wired is a full-color monthly American Magazine and on-line periodical published in San Francisco, California since March 1993 06).
- ^ a b c Johnston, Antony (August 1999). "William Gibson : All Tomorrow’s Parties : Waiting For The Man". Spike Magazine. Spike Magazine is an Internet Cultural journal which began in 1996, founded by its editor Chris Mitchell in Brighton, England.
- ^ Gibson, William (2003-01-01). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC (untitled weblog post). Retrieved on 2008-01-21. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade.
- ^ Gibson, William (2005-08-15). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed The Log of the Mustang Sally. Retrieved on 2008-01-21. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade.
- ^ a b c d Bolhafner, J. Stephen (March 1994). "William Gibson interview". Starlog (200). Starlog is a monthly Science-fiction film Magazine published by Starlog Group Inc
- ^ Bebergal, Peter. "The age of steampunk", The Boston Globe, 2007-08-26, p. The Boston Globe (and Boston Sunday Globe) is the most widely circulated daily Newspaper in Boston and in New England, Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1071 - Battle of Manzikert: The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine Army at Manzikert. 3. Retrieved on 2007-10-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1066 - Norman Conquest: Battle of Hastings - In England on Senlac Hill seven miles from Hastings, the forces
- ^ a b Platt, Adam. "Cyberhero", The Talk of the Town, The New Yorker, 1993-09-16, p. The New Yorker is an American Magazine that publishes reportage commentary criticism essays fiction satire cartoons and poetry Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Events 1400 - Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers 24. Retrieved on 2007-11-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with Archived from the original on 1999-02-23. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable
- ^ Alexander, Scott (2007-08-09). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus Spook Country. Arts & Entertainment. Playboy.com. Playboy Online (or Playboycom is the internet business segment of Playboy Enterprises. Retrieved on 2007-11-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with
- ^ Leonard, Andrew (1999-07-27). Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England. An engine of anarchy. Books. Salon.com. Saloncom, part of Salon Media Group ( often just called Salon, is an online
- ^ a b c d Walker, Martin (1996-09-03). Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius Blade Runner on electro-steroids. Mail & Guardian Online. The Mail & Guardian is a South African weekly investigative newspaper published by M&G Media in Johannesburg, South Africa, with a strong focus M&G Media. Retrieved on 2007-11-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare
- ^ Leonard, Andrew (1998-09-14). Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. Is cyberpunk still breathing?. Salon.com. Saloncom, part of Salon Media Group ( often just called Salon, is an online Retrieved on 2007-11-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with
- ^ a b c Poole, Steven. Steven Poole (born 1972) is a British Author and Journalist. Educated at Cambridge, Poole is the author of the book "Nearing the nodal", Books by genre, The Guardian. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Retrieved on 2007-11-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina.
- ^ a b Dueben, Alex (2007-10-02). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1187 - Siege of Jerusalem: Saladin captures Jerusalem after 88 years of Crusader rule An Interview With William Gibson The Father of Cyberpunk. California Literary Review. Retrieved on 2007-10-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 610 - Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas
- ^ Clute, John. John Frederick Clute (1940-) is a Canadian born author and critic who has lived in Britain since 1969 The Case of the World. Excessive Candour. SciFi. com. Retrieved on 2007-10-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1066 - Norman Conquest: Battle of Hastings - In England on Senlac Hill seven miles from Hastings, the forces
- ^ a b Chang, Angela (2007-01-10). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war. "Q&A: William Gibson". PC Magazine 26 (3). PC Magazine (sometimes referred to as PC Mag) is a Computer magazine that is published monthly in the United States (until 2008 it was published
- ^ Hirst, Christopher (2003-05-10). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England. Books: Hardbacks. The Independent. The Independent is a British compact Newspaper published by Tony O'Reilly 's Independent News & Media. Retrieved on 2007-07-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 939 - The Major Occultation or Ghaybat el-Kubra of Muhammad al-Mahdi 1099 - First Crusade: 15000
- ^ Lim, Dennis (2007-08-11). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 2492 BC - Traditional date of the defeat of Bel by Hayk, progenitor and founder of the Armenian nation Now Romancer. Salon.com. Saloncom, part of Salon Media Group ( often just called Salon, is an online Retrieved on 2007-10-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 637 - Antioch surrenders to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge.
- ^ Sutherland, John. John Sutherland (born 1938 is an English lecturer emeritus professor newspaper columnist and author "Node idea", Guardian Unlimited, Guardian Media Group, 2007-08-31. guardiancouk, formerly known as Guardian Unlimited, is a British website owned by the Guardian Media Group. Not to be confused with the Guardian Enterprise Group, an American media company (see. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne Retrieved on 2007-11-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare
- ^ Lim, Dennis. "Think Different", The Village Voice, Village Voice Media, 2003-02-18. This article is about a New York newspaper For the Ottawa Hills Ohio magazine see The Village Voice of Ottawa Hills. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 3102 BC - Epoch (origin of the Kali Yuga. 1229 - The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II Holy Retrieved on 2007-11-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare
- ^ Leonard, Andrew (2003-02-13). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1258 - Baghdad falls to the Mongols, and the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed Nodal point. Salon.com. Saloncom, part of Salon Media Group ( often just called Salon, is an online Retrieved on 2007-11-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with
- ^ William Gibson Hates Futurists. TheTyee. ca. Retrieved on 2007-10-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 740 - An Earthquake strikes Constantinople, causing much damage and death
- ^ a b Gibson, William. Interview with Eric Holstein; Raoul Abdaloff. Interview de William Gibson VO (transcription). ActuSF. Paris. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city March 2008. Retrieved on 2008-04-06. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus
- ^ William Gibson with Spook Country. Studio One Bookclub. CBC British Columbia. Retrieved on 2007-10-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 740 - An Earthquake strikes Constantinople, causing much damage and death
- ^ Gibson still scares up a spooky atmosphere. Providence Journal. The Providence Journal, nicknamed the ProJo, is a daily Newspaper serving the metropolitan area of Providence Rhode Island and is Retrieved on 2007-10-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 740 - An Earthquake strikes Constantinople, causing much damage and death
- ^ 'Cyberspace' coiner returns to native SC for honorary degree. Associated Press (2008-05-10). The Associated Press ( AP) is an American News agency. The AP is a Cooperative owned by its contributing Newspapers radio 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England. Retrieved on 2008-06-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba. 536 - St Silverius becomes Pope (probable
- ^ Inductees Named for 2008 Science Fiction Hall of Fame. Empsfm. org. Experience Learning Community. Retrieved on 2008-06-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba. 536 - St Silverius becomes Pope (probable
- ^ Gibson, William (1996-03-31). Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Foreword to City Come a-walkin'. Retrieved on 2007-05-01. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor.
- ^ a b Brown, Charles N.; William G. Charles Nikki Brown is the founder and editor of Locus, a news and reviews magazine dealing with the Science fiction and Fantasy genres of literature Contento (2004-07-10). "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia. Stories, Listed by Author. The Locus Index to Science Fiction (1984–1998). Locus. Locus is a monthly American Magazine, subtitled "The Magazine Of The Science Fiction & Fantasy Field" Archived from the original on 2007-03-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth Retrieved on 2007-10-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 437 - Valentinian III, Western Roman Emperor, marries Licinia Eudoxia, daughter of his cousin Theodosius II
- ^ a b c d e Gibson, William. Interview with Giuseppe Salza. Cannes. May 1994. (Interview). Retrieved on 2007-10-28. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 306 - Maxentius is proclaimed Roman Emperor. 312 - Battle of Milvian Bridge: Constantine
- ^ Sterling, Bruce; William Gibson (1993-05-10). Michael Bruce Sterling (born April 14, 1954) is an American Science fiction author, best known for his novels and his seminal work on the Mirrorshades Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England. Speeches by William Gibson and Bruce Sterling at the National Academy of Sciences, Washington D.C. The National Academy of Sciences (NAS is a corporation in the United States whose members serve Pro bono as "advisers to the nation on science Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D The WELL. The Whole Earth 'Lectronic Link, normally shortened to The WELL, is one of the oldest Virtual communities in continuous operation Retrieved on 2007-10-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 437 - Valentinian III, Western Roman Emperor, marries Licinia Eudoxia, daughter of his cousin Theodosius II
- ^ a b c Gibson, William. Interview with Dan Josefsson. I Don't Even Have A Modem. Rapport. Rapport (literally translated as Report) is one of the two main news programmes from the Swedish television broadcaster Sveriges Television (SVT TV2 Stockholm. SVT2, until 1996 TV2, is one of two Television channels broadcast by Sveriges Television in Sweden. ('stɔkhɔlm is Sweden 's Capital and its largest City. It is the site of the national Swedish government, the parliament, and the 1994-11-03. Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina. Retrieved on 2007-11-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1499 - Publication of the Catholicon in Treguier ( Brittany)
- ^ a b c S. Page. William Gibson Bibliography / Mediagraphy. Retrieved on 2008-02-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 474 - Zeno crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire.
- ^ Yellow Magic Orchestra - Technodon. Discogs. Discogs, short for discographies, is a Website and Database of information about Music Recordings including commercial releases promotional Retrieved on 2008-01-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war.
- ^ Pener, Degen. "EGOS & IDS; Deborah Harry Is Low-Key -- And Unblond", The New York Times, 1993-08-22. Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Events 392 - Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor. Retrieved on 2007-11-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1492 - The Ensisheim Meteorite the oldest Meteorite with a known date of impact strikes the Earth around noon in a Wheat
- ^ a b Gibson, William (2003-03-06). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of Victor Tsoi. Retrieved on 2007-12-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1800 - War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Hohenlinden, French
- ^ Neuromancer comes. JoBlo.com. JoBlocom is a Website primarily focused on the Film industry. Retrieved on 2007-08-27. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 479 BC - Greco-Persian Wars: Persian forces led by Mardonius are routed by Pausanias, the Spartan
- ^ a b c Loder, Kurt. The Matrix Preloaded. MTV's Movie House. Mtv.com. MTV ( Music Television) is an American Cable television network based in New York City. Retrieved on 2007-11-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1492 - The Ensisheim Meteorite the oldest Meteorite with a known date of impact strikes the Earth around noon in a Wheat
- ^ William Gibson’s Idoru Coming to Anime. cyberpunkreview. com (2006-04-21). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date)
- ^ Gibson, William (2007-05-01). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. I've Forgotten More Neuromancer Film Deals Than You've Ever Heard Of. Retrieved on 2007-11-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1333 - Flood of the Arno River, causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani
- ^ Fridman, Sherman (2000-02-24). 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Events 303 - Galerius, Roman Emperor, publishes his edict that begins the persecution of Christians in his portion of the "X-Files" Writer Fights For Online Privacy. News Briefs. Newsbytes PM. Archived from the original on 2004-09-22. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians Retrieved on 2007-07-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1174 - William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to
- ^ a b Gibson, William (2006-07-22). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of Where The Holograms Go. Retrieved on 2007-11-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus"
- ^ Cast. Mon Amour Mon Parapluie. Retrieved on 2007-10-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 740 - An Earthquake strikes Constantinople, causing much damage and death
- ^ Gibson, William (2003-05-31). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1279 BC - Rameses II (The Great (19th dynasty becomes pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. Holy Body Tattoo. Retrieved on 2007-11-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare
- ^ Polledri, Paolo (1990). Visionary San Francisco. Munich: Prestal. ISBN 3791310607. OCLC 22115872. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose
- ^ a b Goldberger, Paul. "In San Francisco, A Good Idea Falls With a Thud", Architecture View, The New York Times, 1990-08-12. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) Events 1099 - First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon - Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid Retrieved on 2007-11-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with
- ^ Gibson, William (November 1991). "Skinner's Room". "Skinner's Room" is a short story by influential Cyberpunk author William Gibson. Omni. OMNI was a Science magazine and Science fiction magazine published in the USA.
- ^ Liu, Alan (2004-06-30). "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the Usurper The laws of cool : knowledge work and the culture of information. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. The University of Chicago Press is the largest University press in the United States 339-48. ISBN 0226486982. OCLC 53823956. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose
- ^ Gibson, William (1992). Introduction to Agrippa: A Book of the Dead. Retrieved on 2007-11-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare
- ^ Kirschenbaum, Matthew G. [2008]. "Hacking ‘Agrippa’: The Source of the Online Text.", Mechanisms : new media and the forensic imagination, 2, Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. Cambridge Massachusetts is a City in the Greater Boston area of Massachusetts, United States. The MIT Press is a University press affiliated with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT in Cambridge Massachusetts ( USA) ISBN 9780262113113. OCLC 79256819. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose Retrieved on 2007-11-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare
- ^ Orlowski, Andrew. "William Gibon 'gives up blogging'", Music and Media, The Register, 2003-04-25. The Register (" El Reg " to its staff and readers is a British technology news and opinion website Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar. Retrieved on 2007-11-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina.
- ^ Gibson, William (2003-09-12). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1213 - Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort 5th Earl of Leicester, defeats Peter II of Aragon at the Endgame. Retrieved on 2007-11-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus"
- ^ Gibson, William (2006-06-01). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Moor. Retrieved on 2007-11-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1333 - Flood of the Arno River, causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani
- ^ Gibson, William (2006-09-23). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Johnson Bros.. Retrieved on 2007-11-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1333 - Flood of the Arno River, causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani
- ^ Gibson, William (2006-10-03). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 42 BC - First Battle of Philippi: Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's Their Different Drummer. Retrieved on 2007-11-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1333 - Flood of the Arno River, causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani
- ^ Fitting, Peter [July 1991]. "The Lessons of Cyberpunk", in Penley, C. & Ross, A. (eds. ): Technoculture. Technoculture is a Neologism, not currently in standard dictionaries popularized by editors Constance Penley and Andrew Ross in a book of essays bearing that title Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 295–315. The University of Minnesota Press is a University press that is part of the University of Minnesota. ISBN 0816619301. OCLC 22859126. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose “[Gibson's work] has attracted an audience from outside, people who read it as a poetic evocation of life in the late eighties rather than as science fiction. ”
- ^ Miller, Laura (2000). "Introduction", The Salon. Com Reader's Guide to Contemporary Authors. New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 9780140280883. OCLC 43384794. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose
- ^ a b Brande, David (1994). "The Business of Cyberpunk: Symbolic Economy and Ideology in William Gibson". Configurations 2 (3): 509 – 536.
- ^ a b Sponsler, Claire (Winter 1992) "Cyberpunk and the Dilemmas of Postmodern Narrative: The Example of William Gibson" in Contemporary Literature Volume 33 (4), pages 625–644. DOI:10.2307/1208645. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. Retrieved on 2007-08-27
- ^ Trench, Marianne and Peter von Brandenburg, producers. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 479 BC - Greco-Persian Wars: Persian forces led by Mardonius are routed by Pausanias, the Spartan 1992. Cyberpunk. Mystic Fire Video: Intercon Productions.
- ^ Day, Dwayne A. (2008-04-21). Dwayne Allen Day is an American Space Historian and policy analyst 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date) Miles to go before the Moon. The Space Review. The Space Review is a free online publication published every week on Monday with in-depth articles Essays commentary and reviews on Space exploration Retrieved on 2008-04-21. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date)
- ^ Writing Fiction in the Age of Google: William Gibson Q&A, Part 3. Amazon Bookstore's Blog. Amazon.com (2007-06-24). Amazoncom Inc ( is an American electronic commerce ( E-commerce) company in Seattle Washington. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place Retrieved on 2007-11-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1333 - Flood of the Arno River, causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani
- ^ Doherty, Michael E. , Jr. (September 1995). "Marshall McLuhan Meets William Gibson in "Cyberspace"". CMC Magazine.
- ^ Prucher, Jeff (2007). Brave New Words: The Oxford Dictionary of Science Fiction. Oxford University Press, 31. ISBN 9780195305678. OCLC 76074298. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose
- ^ Irvine, Martin (1997-01-12). Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Events 475 - Basiliscus becomes Byzantine Emperor, with a coronation ceremony in the Hebdomon palace in Constantinople Postmodern Science Fiction and Cyberpunk. Retrieved on 2006-11-23. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of
- ^ “Liquid Science Fiction: Interview with William Gibson by Bernard Joisten and Ken Lum”, Purple Prose, (Paris), N°9, été, pp. 10–16
- ^ Straylight Run. MTV. MTV ( Music Television) is an American Cable television network based in New York City. com. Retrieved on 2007-09-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian
- ^ GPod Audio Books: Neuromancer by William Gibson. GreyLodge Podcast Publishing company. Retrieved on 2007-04-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans)
- ^ Gibson, William. "U2's City of Blinding Lights" (2005), Wired, 13. Wired is a full-color monthly American Magazine and on-line periodical published in San Francisco, California since March 1993 8
- ^ Hepfer, Karl (2001). "The Matrix Problem I: The Matrix, Mind and Knowledge". Erfurt Electronic Studies in English. ISSN 1430-6905.
- ^ Blackford, Russell (July 2004). "Reading the Ruined Cities". Science Fiction Studies 31 (93).
- ^ "Books of the year 2003", Books & Arts, The Economist, 2003-12-04. The Economist is an English-language weekly news and International affairs publication owned by The Economist Newspaper Ltd and edited in London Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. "December 4th" redirects here For the song by Jay-Z, see December 4th (song. Retrieved on 2007-08-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1538 - Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada.
- ^ Postel, J. , Network Working Group (November 1981). RFC 801 - NCP/TCP Transition Plan. Information Sciences Institute of the University of Southern California. The Information Sciences Institute ( ISI) of the University of Southern California (USC is a prominent research organization in the field of Information science The University of Southern California (commonly referred to as USC, SC, Southern California, and incorrectly Retrieved on 2007-10-31. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse
- ^ Zakon, Robert H (2006-11-01). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi Hobbes' Internet Timeline v8.2. Zakon Group LLC. Retrieved on 2007-10-31. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse
- ^ Matrix. Netlingo. Retrieved on 2007-09-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian
- ^ Kahney, Leander (2002-11-14). See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1533 - Conquistadors from Spain under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro arrive in Cajamarca, Inca Early Desktop Pic Ahead of Time. Wired. Wired is a full-color monthly American Magazine and on-line periodical published in San Francisco, California since March 1993 Retrieved on 2008-01-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war.
- ^ Sci-Fi Writer, High-Tech Marketer on Awards Jury. Mediacaster (2008-04-03). 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. Retrieved on 2008-04-21. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date)
- ^ Gibson, William; Jack Womack (2004). Neuromancer. New York: Ace Books, 269. ISBN 9780441012039. OCLC 55745255. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose
- ^ Rapatzikou, Tatiani (2004). Gothic Motifs in the Fiction of William Gibson. Amsterdam: Rodopi. ISBN 9789042017610. OCLC 55807961. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose
- ^ Dear, Michael; Steven Flusty (March 1998). "Postmodern Urbanism". Annals of the Association of American Geographers 88 (1): 50–72. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.
- ^ Pesce, Mark. Magic Mirror: The Novel as a Software Development Platform. MIT Communications Forum. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved on 2007-12-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1409 - The University of Leipzig opens 1755 - The second Eddystone Lighthouse is destroyed by fire
- ^ Pesce, Mark (1998-07-13). Mark Pesce, ( December 8, 1962, in Everett Massachusetts) (ˈpɛʃi one of the early pioneers in Virtual Reality is a writer researcher Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Events 1174 - William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to 3-D epiphany. Salon.com. Saloncom, part of Salon Media Group ( often just called Salon, is an online Retrieved on 2007-11-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with
- ^ August 14, 2006 edition of the free daily Metro International, interview by Amy Benfer (amybenfer (at) metro. Events 1183 - Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Metro International is a Swedish media company based in Luxembourg that publishes the Metro newspapers us)
- ^ Gibson, William (2003-09-03). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius Humility and Prescience. Salon.com. Saloncom, part of Salon Media Group ( often just called Salon, is an online Retrieved on 2007-11-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus"
- ^ Bukatman, Scott (2003). "Gibson's Typewriter", Matters of Gravity. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 9780822331193. OCLC 51058973. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose
- ^ (1989) Album notes for Kings of Sleep by Stuart Hamm [CD liner]. Kings of Sleep is the second solo album released by bassist Stuart Hamm. Stuart "Stu" Hamm (born February 8, 1960) is an American Bass guitar player known for his session and live work with numerous artists as Relativity Records. Relativity Records is an American Record label founded by Clive Davis. Kings of Sleep at MusicBrainz. MusicBrainz is a project that aims to create an Open content Music database
- ^ Christgau, Robert (1993-08-10). Robert Christgau (born April 18 1942) is an American Essayist, Music journalist, and the self-declared "Dean of American Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Events 612 BC - Killing of Sinsharishkun, King of Assyrian Empire Virtual Hep. Village Voice. This article is about a New York newspaper For the Ottawa Hills Ohio magazine see The Village Voice of Ottawa Hills. Retrieved on 2007-11-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare
- ^ Cook, Bob (2002-02-10). See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead Requiem for a Rock Satirist. Flak Magazine. Flak Magazine is an American Online magazine, founded in 1998 Retrieved on 2007-11-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare
- ^ Barry M. Leiner, Vinton G. Cerf, David D. Clark, Robert E. Kahn, Leonard Kleinrock, Daniel C. Vinton Gray "Vint" Cerf His contributions have been recognized repeatedly with honorary degrees and awards that include the National Medal of Technology, and David Dana Clark (born April 7, 1944) is an American Computer scientist. Robert Elliot Kahn, (born December 23 1938) invented the TCP protocol and along with Vinton G Leonard Kleinrock PhD (born June 13, 1934 in New York) is a Computer scientist, and a professor of computer science at UCLA Lynch, Jon Postel, Larry G. Roberts, Stephen Wolff (2003-12-10). Jonathan Bruce Postel (pəˈstɛl August 6 1943 – October 16 1998 made many significant contributions to the development of the Internet, particularly in the area Lawrence G Roberts (born 1937 in Connecticut) received the Draper Prize in 2001 Robert Kahn, and Vinton Cerf. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V "A Brief History of the Internet". 3. 32. . Internet Society Retrieved on 2007-11-03. The Internet Society or ISOC is an international nonprofit organization founded in 1992 to provide leadership in Internet related standards education and policy Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina.
External links
- Official sites
- http://www.WilliamGibsonbooks.com – personal website
- References
- Works by or about William Gibson in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- William Gibson at the Internet Movie Database
- William Gibson at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
- Project Cyberpunk's biography and links
- Bibliography of Works By William Gibson. WorldCat is a Union catalog which itemizes the collections of more than 10000 libraries which participate in the OCLC global cooperative Centre for Language and Literature. Athabasca University. Athabasca University, headquartered in Athabasca Alberta, is a fully accredited institution specialized in the delivery of Distance education
- Notable fan sites
- William Gibson Aleph An extensive fan site
- Synaptic Response Formerly neuromancer. ca
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Gibson, William |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | Speculative fiction author, cyberpunk pioneer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | March 17, 1948 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Conway, South Carolina |
| DATE OF DEATH | |
| PLACE OF DEATH | |
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