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For other persons named Faulkner, see Faulkner (disambiguation).
William Faulkner
Born September 25, 1897(1897-09-25)
New Albany, Mississippi, United States
Died July 6, 1962 (aged 64)
Byhalia, Mississippi, United States
Occupation Novelist, short story writer
Genres Southern Gothic
Literary movement Modernism, stream of consciousness
Notable work(s) As I Lay Dying, The Sound and the Fury, Light in August
Notable award(s) Nobel Prize in Literature
1949
Influences
Influenced

William Faulkner (born William Cuthbert Falkner), (September 25, 1897–July 6, 1962) was an American author. Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Year 1897 ( MDCCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common New Albany is a city in Union County, Mississippi Mississippi ( is a state located in the Deep South of the United States The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England Year 1962 ( MCMLXII) was a Common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Byhalia is a town in Marshall County, Mississippi, United States. Mississippi ( is a state located in the Deep South of the United States The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. A literary genre is a category of literary composition Genres may be determined by Literary technique, tone, Content, or even (as in the case of fiction Southern Gothic is a subgenre of the Gothic writing style unique to American literature. This is a list of modern literary movements: that is movements after the Renaissance. Modernist literature is the literary form of Modernism and especially High modernism; it should not be confused with modern literature, which is the history As I Lay Dying is a Novel written by the American author William Faulkner. The Sound and the Fury is one of the most celebrated novels of the Twentieth century, written by American author William Faulkner, which makes use Light in August is a 1932 Novel by the American author William Faulkner. The Nobel Prize in Literature (Nobelpriset i litteratur is awarded annually since 1901 to an author from any country who has in the words from the will of Alfred James Augustine Aloysius Joyce (2 February 1882 &ndash 13 January 1941 was an Irish expatriate writer widely considered to be one of the most influential writers of the William Shakespeare ( baptised Sherwood Anderson (September 13 1876 &ndash March 8 1941 was an American writer mainly of short stories, most notably the collection Winesburg Ohio Samuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30 1835 – April 21 1910 better known by the Pen name Mark Twain, was an American Humorist, satirist Thomas Stearns Eliot, OM (September 26 1888 – January 4 1965 was a poet Dramatist, and Literary critic. Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (October 15 1844 August 25 1900 ( was a nineteenth-century German philosopher and classical philologist Edgar Allan Poe (January 19 1809 – October 7 1849 was an American poet, short-story Writer, editor and Literary critic, Conrad Potter Aiken (August 5 1889 &ndash August 17 1973 was a Pulitzer Prize -winning American novelist and poet born in Savannah Georgia, whose work includes Algernon Charles Swinburne (5 April 1837 – 10 April 1909 was a Victorian era English poet Juan Rulfo ( 16 May 1917 &ndash 7 January 1986) was a Mexican Novelist, short story writer and photographer Gabriel José de la Concordia García Márquez (born March 6 1927 is a Colombian Mary Flannery O'Connor ( March 25 1925 &ndash August 3 1964) was an American Novelist, Short-story Cormac McCarthy, born Charles McCarthy (born July 20, 1933 in Providence Rhode Island) is an American Novelist and Nelle Harper Lee (born April 28, 1926) is an American Author known for her Pulitzer Prize -winning 1960 novel To Kill Peter Carey may refer to Peter Carey (footballer, Australian rules player for Glenelg Peter Carey (historian, British historian of south-east Stephen Michael Erickson (born April 20 1950) is an American novelist essayist and critic Karen Louise Erdrich (born June 7, 1954) is a Native American author of Novels Poetry, and children's books. Hunter Stockton Thompson ( July 18, 1937 &ndash February 20, 2005) was an American Journalist and Author, most Edna O'Brien (born 15 December 1930 is an Irish novelist and Short story writer whose works often revolve around the inner feelings of women and their problems in relating Gilles Deleuze ( (January 18 1925 &ndash November 4 1995 was a French philosopher of the late 20th century Juan Carlos Onetti ( July 1, 1909, Montevideo – May 30, 1994, Madrid) was a Uruguayan novelist and author of Kenneth Elton Kesey ( September 17, 1935 &ndash November 10, 2001) was an American Author, best known for his major novels Michel Foucault ( (15 October 1926 – 25 June 1984 was a French philosopher, Historian, Intellectual, Critic and Sociologist. Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Year 1897 ( MDCCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England Year 1962 ( MCMLXII) was a Common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the An author is defined both as "the person who originates or gives existence to anything" and that authorship determines responsibility for what is created He is regarded as one of the most influential writers of the twentieth century, and was awarded the 1949 Nobel Prize in Literature. The Nobel Prize in Literature (Nobelpriset i litteratur is awarded annually since 1901 to an author from any country who has in the words from the will of Alfred

Faulkner is known for an experimental style with meticulous attention to diction and cadence. Diction, in its original primary meaning refers to the writer's or the speaker's distinctive Vocabulary choices and style of expression. In contrast to the minimalist understatement of his peer Ernest Hemingway, Faulkner made frequent use of "stream of consciousness" in his writing, and wrote often highly emotional, subtle, cerebral, complex, and sometimes Gothic or grotesque stories of a wide variety of characters—ranging from former slaves or descendents of slaves, to poor white, agrarian, or working-class Southerners, to Southern aristocrats. Minimalism describes movements in various forms of art and design especially Visual art and music, where the work is stripped down to its most fundamental features Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21 1899 — July 2 1961 was an American novelist short-story writer, and Journalist. Southern Gothic is a subgenre of the Gothic writing style unique to American literature. When used in conversation grotesque commonly means strange fantastic ugly or bizarre and thus is often used to describe weird shapes and distorted forms such as Halloween

Most of Faulkner's works are set in his native state of Mississippi, and he is considered one of the most important "Southern writers," along with Mark Twain, Flannery O'Connor, Eudora Welty, and Tennessee Williams. Mississippi ( is a state located in the Deep South of the United States Southern literature (sometimes called the literature of the American South) is defined as American literature about the Southern United States or by writers Samuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30 1835 – April 21 1910 better known by the Pen name Mark Twain, was an American Humorist, satirist Mary Flannery O'Connor ( March 25 1925 &ndash August 3 1964) was an American Novelist, Short-story Eudora Alice Welty ( April 13 1909 &ndash July 23 2001) was an award-winning American Author and Photographer who wrote Thomas Lanier Williams III (March 26 1911 &ndash February 25 1983 better known as Tennessee Williams, was a major American playwright who received many of the top theatrical While his work was published regularly from the mid 1920s to the late 1940s, he was relatively unknown before receiving the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1949. The Nobel Prize (Nobelpriset (Nobelprisen is a Swedish prize established in the 1895 will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel; it was first awarded in Peace, Literature Critics and the public now favor his work,[1] and he is widely seen as among the greatest American writers of all time.

Faulkner's fame and acclaim stem from his novels, novellas, and short stories. He was, however, a published poet and a sometime screenwriter as well.

Contents

Life

Faulkner was born William Cuthbert Falkner in New Albany, Mississippi. New Albany is a city in Union County, Mississippi He was raised in and heavily influenced by the state of Mississippi, as well as by the history and culture of the South as a whole. Mississippi ( is a state located in the Deep South of the United States When he was four years old, his entire family moved to the nearby town of Oxford, where he lived on and off for the rest of his life. Oxford is a city and the County seat of Lafayette County, Mississippi, United States. Oxford is the model for the town of "Jefferson" in his fiction, and Lafayette County, Mississippi which contains the town of Oxford, the model for his fictional Yoknapatawpha County. Lafayette County is a County located in the US state of Mississippi. Yoknapatawpha County is a fictional county created by American author William Faulkner as a setting for many of his novels Faulkner's great-grandfather, William Clark Falkner, was an important figure in northern Mississippi who served as a colonel in the Confederate Army, founded a railroad, and gave his name to the town of Falkner in nearby Tippah County. William Clark Falkner ( July 6, 1825 or 1826 – November 6, 1889) was a Soldier, Lawyer, Politician, Businessman The War Department was established by the Confederate Congress in an act on February 21, 1861. Falkner is a town in Tippah County, Mississippi, United States. Tippah County is a County located in the US state of Mississippi. He also wrote several novels and other works, establishing a literary tradition in the family. Colonel Falkner served as the model for Colonel John Sartoris in his great-grandson's writing. Sartoris is a novel first published in 1929 by the American author William Faulkner.

The older Falkner was greatly influenced by the history of his family and the region in which they lived. Mississippi marked his sense of humor, his sense of the tragic position of blacks and whites, his characterization of Southern characters and timeless themes, including fiercely intelligent people dwelling behind the façades of good old boys and simpletons. After being snubbed by the United States Army because of his height, (he was 5' 5½"), Faulkner first joined the Canadian and then the British Royal Air Force, yet did not see any World War I wartime action. The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. Mission AIRCOM is responsible for all aircraft operations in the Canadian Forces enforcing the security of Canada's airspace and providing aircraft for supporting the missions of The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All

The definitive reason for Faulkner's change in the spelling of his last name is still unknown. Faulkner himself may have made the change in 1918 upon joining the Air Force or, according to one story, that a careless typesetter made an error. When the misprint appeared on the title page of Faulkner's first book and the author was asked about it, he supposedly replied, "Either way suits me. "[2]

Although Faulkner is heavily identified with Mississippi, he was living in New Orleans in 1925 when he wrote his first novel, Soldiers' Pay, after being influenced by Sherwood Anderson to try fiction. New Orleans (nʲuːˈɔrliənz nʲuːˈɔrlənz French: La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana Soldiers' Pay is the first Novel written by the American author William Faulkner. Sherwood Anderson (September 13 1876 &ndash March 8 1941 was an American writer mainly of short stories, most notably the collection Winesburg Ohio The small house at 624 Pirate's Alley, just around the corner from St. Louis Cathedral, is now the premises of Faulkner House Books, and also serves as the headquarters of the Pirate's Alley Faulkner Society. Saint Louis Cathedral ( French: Cathédrale Saint-Louis) also known as the Basilica of St

Faulkner married Estelle Oldham in June 1929 at College Hill Presbyterian Church just outside of Oxford, Mississippi. College Hill Presbyterian Church is a member of the Presbyterian Church in America (PCA Oxford is a city and the County seat of Lafayette County, Mississippi, United States. They honeymooned on the Mississippi Gulf Coast at Pascagoula, then returned to Oxford, first living with relatives while they searched for a home of their own to purchase. A honeymoon is the traditional holiday taken by newlyweds to celebrate their marriage in intimacy and seclusion Pascagoula is a city in Jackson County, Mississippi, United States. In 1930 Faulkner purchased the antebellum home Rowan Oak, known at that time as "The Bailey Place". " Antebellum " is an expression derived from Latin that means "before war" ( ante, "before" and bellum Rowan Oak, also known as William Faulkner House, is William Faulkner 's former home in Oxford Mississippi. He and his family lived there until his daughter Jill, after her mother's death, sold the property to the University of Mississippi in 1972. The University of Mississippi, also known as Ole Miss, is a public, coeducational Research University located in Oxford The house and furnishings are maintained much as they were in Faulkner's time. Faulkner's scribblings are still preserved on the wall there, including the day-by-day outline covering an entire week that he wrote out on the walls of his small study to help him keep track of the plot twists in the novel A Fable. A Fable is a novel written in 1954 by the American author William Faulkner, which won him both the Pulitzer prize and the National

Writing

In an interview with The Paris Review in 1956, Faulkner remarked, "Let the writer take up surgery or bricklaying if he is interested in technique. The Paris Review is an English-language Literary magazine based in New York City. There is no mechanical way to get the writing done, no shortcut. The young writer would be a fool to follow a theory. Teach yourself by your own mistakes; people learn only by error. The good artist believes that nobody is good enough to give him advice. He has supreme vanity. No matter how much he admires the old writer, he wants to beat him". Another esteemed Southern writer, Flannery O'Connor, stated that, "The presence alone of Faulkner in our midst makes a great difference in what the writer can and cannot permit himself to do. Mary Flannery O'Connor ( March 25 1925 &ndash August 3 1964) was an American Novelist, Short-story Nobody wants his mule and wagon stalled on the same track the Dixie Limited is roaring down. "

Faulkner's most celebrated novels include The Sound and the Fury (1929), As I Lay Dying (1930), Light in August (1932), Absalom, Absalom! (1936), and The Unvanquished (1938). The Sound and the Fury is one of the most celebrated novels of the Twentieth century, written by American author William Faulkner, which makes use As I Lay Dying is a Novel written by the American author William Faulkner. Light in August is a 1932 Novel by the American author William Faulkner. Absalom Absalom! is a Southern Gothic Novel by the American author William Faulkner, published in 1936 The Unvanquished is a Novel by the American author William Faulkner, set in Yoknapatawpha County. Faulkner was also a prolific writer of short stories: His first short story collection, These 13 (1932), includes many of his most acclaimed (and most frequently anthologized) stories, including "A Rose for Emily," "Red Leaves", "That Evening Sun," and "Dry September. The short story is a literary genre of Fictional Prose Narrative that tends to be more concise and to the point than longer works of fiction such These 13 is a collection of short stories written by William Faulkner, and dedicated to his first daughter Alabama who died nine days after her birth on ANThology is the first Major label album by Alien Ant Farm released on March 6, 2001 in the USA and March 19 " A Rose for Emily " is a Short story by American author William Faulkner first published in the April 30, 1930 issue "Red Leaves" is a Short story by American author William Faulkner. "That Evening Sun" is a short story by the American author William Faulkner, published in 1931 on the collection These 13, which included Faulkner's most anthologized " Dry September " is a short story by William Faulkner. " Faulkner set many of his short stories and novels in Yoknapatawpha County—based on, and nearly geographically identical to, Lafayette County, of which his hometown of Oxford, Mississippi is the county seat. Yoknapatawpha County is a fictional county created by American author William Faulkner as a setting for many of his novels Oxford is a city and the County seat of Lafayette County, Mississippi, United States.

Additional works include Sanctuary (1931), a sensationalist "pulp fiction"-styled novel, characterized by André Malraux as "the intrusion of Greek tragedy into the detective story. Sanctuary is a novel by the American author William Faulkner. Pulp magazines (or pulp fiction; often referred to as "the pulps" were inexpensive Fiction magazines André Malraux (3 November 1901 – 23 November 1976 was a French Author, adventurer and Statesman, and a dominant figure in French politics and culture " Its themes of evil and corruption, bearing Southern Gothic tones, resonate to this day. Southern Gothic is a subgenre of the Gothic writing style unique to American literature. Requiem for a Nun (1951), a play/novel sequel to Sanctuary, is the only play that Faulkner published, except for his The Marionettes, which he essentially self-published -- in a few hand-written copies -- as a young man. Requiem for a Nun is a book written by William Faulkner in 1951. Faulkner also wrote two volumes of poetry which were published in small printings, The Marble Faun (1924) and A Green Bough (1933), and a collection of crime-fiction short stories, Knight's Gambit.

Awards

Faulkner received the 1949 Nobel Prize for Literature for "his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel". The Nobel Prize in Literature (Nobelpriset i litteratur is awarded annually since 1901 to an author from any country who has in the words from the will of Alfred Faulkner won two Pulitzer Prizes for what are considered as his "minor" novels: his 1954 novel A Fable, which took the Pulitzer in 1955, and the 1962 novel, The Reivers, which was posthumously awarded the Pulitzer in 1963. The Pulitzer Prize, ˈpʊlɨtsɚ PULL-it-sər is an American award regarded as the highest national honor in Newspaper journalism, A Fable is a novel written in 1954 by the American author William Faulkner, which won him both the Pulitzer prize and the National The Reivers, published in 1962, is the last novel by the American author William Faulkner. He also won two National Book Awards, first for his Collected Stories in 1951 and once again for his novel A Fable in 1955. The National Book Awards are among the most eminent literary prizes in the United States. A Fable is a novel written in 1954 by the American author William Faulkner, which won him both the Pulitzer prize and the National

In 1946, Faulkner was one of three finalists for the first Ellery Queen Mystery Magazine Award. Ellery Queen is both a Fictional character and a Pseudonym used by two American cousins from Brooklyn, New York: Daniel (David Nathan He came in second to Manly Wade Wellman. Manly Wade Wellman ( May 21, 1903 - April 5, 1986) was an American writer [1]

Personal

Much has been made of the fact that Faulkner had a serious drinking problem throughout his life. Alcoholism is a term with multiple and sometimes conflicting definitions As Faulkner himself stated on several occasions, and as was witnessed by members of his family, the press, and friends at various periods over the course of his career, he did not drink while writing, nor did he believe that alcohol helped to fuel the creative process. The news media refers to the section of the Mass media that focuses on presenting current News to the public It is now widely believed that Faulkner used alcohol as an "escape valve" from the day-to-day pressures of his regular life, including his never-ending and maddening financial straits, rather than the more romantic vision of a brilliant writer who needed alcohol to pursue his craft. From 1949 to 1953, he conducted an affair with a young writer, Joan Williams, who considered him her mentor. The relationship with Williams became the subject of her third novel, titled The Wintering (1971).

Later years

William Faulkner's Underwood Universal Portable typewriter in his office at Rowan Oak, which is now maintained by the University of Mississippi in Oxford as a museum.
William Faulkner's Underwood Universal Portable typewriter in his office at Rowan Oak, which is now maintained by the University of Mississippi in Oxford as a museum. The Underwood Typewriter Company was a manufacturer of typewriters headquartered in New York City, New York. Rowan Oak, also known as William Faulkner House, is William Faulkner 's former home in Oxford Mississippi. The University of Mississippi, also known as Ole Miss, is a public, coeducational Research University located in Oxford Oxford is a city and the County seat of Lafayette County, Mississippi, United States.

In the 1930s Faulkner moved to Hollywood to be a screenwriter (producing scripts for Raymond Chandler's The Big Sleep and Ernest Hemingway's To Have and Have Not, both directed by Howard Hawks). The 1930s were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression. Screenwriters or scenarists are Scriptwriters who write the Screenplays from which Films and Television programs are made Raymond Thornton Chandler ( July 23, 1888 &ndash March 26, 1959) was an American Author of crime stories and novels The Big Sleep ( 1946) directed by Howard Hawks, is the first film version of Raymond Chandler 's novel of the same name (1939 Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21 1899 — July 2 1961 was an American novelist short-story writer, and Journalist. To Have and Have Not ( 1944) is a thriller romance war Adventure film directed by Howard Hawks and starring Howard Winchester Hawks ( May 30, 1896 &ndash December 26, 1977) was an American Film director, producer and Faulkner became good friends with director Howard Hawks, as well as screenwriter A.I. Bezzerides. Howard Winchester Hawks ( May 30, 1896 &ndash December 26, 1977) was an American Film director, producer and AI Bezzerides, ( August 9, 1908 &ndash January 1, 2007) was an American Novelist and Screenwriter, best known for Faulkner also befriended actors Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall. Also at that time, Faulkner started an affair with Hawks's secretary and script-girl Meta Carpenter. Faulkner's Hollywood experience is treated in fictionalized fashion in the Joel and Ethan Coen 1991 film Barton Fink. Joel Coen and Ethan Coen, known together professionally as the Coen brothers, are four-time Academy Award winning American filmmakers Joel Coen and Ethan Coen, known together professionally as the Coen brothers, are four-time Academy Award winning American filmmakers Barton Fink is a 1991 Film by Joel and Ethan Coen. It tells the story of Barton Fink ( John Turturro) a young intense and rather awkward writer That film's supporting character, W. P. Mayhew, is intended as a composite of Faulkner and his Lost Generation peer, F. Scott Fitzgerald. The ' Lost Generation' is a phrase made popular by American author Ernest Hemingway in his first published novel The Sun Also Rises. Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald (September 24 1896 – December 21 1940 was an American writer of Novels and Short stories, whose works are evocative of the

An apocryphal story regarding Faulkner during his Hollywood years found him with a case of writer's block at the studio. He told Hawks he was having a hard time concentrating and would like to write at home. Hawks was agreeable, and Faulkner left. Several days passed, with no word from the writer. Hawks telephoned Faulkner's hotel and found that Faulkner had checked out several days earlier. It seems Faulkner had been quite literal and had returned home to Mississippi to finish the screenplay.

Faulkner donated a portion of his Nobel winnings "to establish a fund to support and encourage new fiction writers", eventually resulting in the PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction. The Nobel Prize in Literature (Nobelpriset i litteratur is awarded annually since 1901 to an author from any country who has in the words from the will of Alfred The PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction is awarded annually by the PEN/Faulkner Foundation to the author of the best American work of fiction that year He donated another portion to a local Oxford bank to establish an account to provide scholarship funds to help educate African-American education majors at nearby Rust College in Holly Springs, Mississippi. African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa Rust College is a historically black Liberal arts college located in Holly Springs, Mississippi. Holly Springs homejpg||right|250px|thumbnail|Montrose a Holly Springs home

Faulkner served as Writer-in-Residence at the University of Virginia from 1957 until his death at Wright's Sanitorium in Byhalia, Mississippi of a heart attack at the age of 64. The University of Virginia (also called UVa, UVA, Mr Jefferson's University, or The University) is a highly selective public research Byhalia is a town in Marshall County, Mississippi, United States. Myocardial infarction ( MI or AMI for acute myocardial infarction) also known as a heart attack, occurs when the blood supply

Selected Bibliography

Novels

Short stories

Poetry

Discography

Listen to

References

  1. ^ New York Times, October 12, 2006:
  2. ^ Nelson, Randy F. The Almanac of American Letters. Los Altos, California: William Kaufmann, Inc. , 1981: 63–64. ISBN 086576008X

Secondary Literature:

See also

Literature Portal


External links

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