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William Dunnington Bloxham
William D. Bloxham
In office
January 4, 1881 – January 7, 1885
Preceded by George Franklin Drew
Succeeded by Edward A. Perry
In office
January 5, 1897 – January 8, 1901
Preceded by Henry L. Mitchell
Succeeded by William Sherman Jennings
Born July 9, 1835
Leon County, Florida
Died March 15, 1911
Tallahassee, Florida
Political party Democratic

William Dunnington Bloxham (July 9, 1835 – March 15, 1911) was an American politician. List of Governors Military governor Spanish Florida was acquired from Spain in the Adams-Onís Treaty, which took effect July 10 Events 46 BC - Titus Labienus defeats Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina. Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1325 - Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal. 1558 - France takes Calais, the last continental Year 1885 ( MDCCCLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common George Franklin Drew ( August 6, 1827 &ndash September 26, 1900) was the twelfth governor of the U Edward Aylesworth Perry (March 15 1831 October 15 1889 was a general under Robert E List of Governors Military governor Spanish Florida was acquired from Spain in the Adams-Onís Treaty, which took effect July 10 Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. Year 1897 ( MDCCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 871 - Battle of Ashdown - Ethelred of Wessex defeats a Danish invasion army Year 1901 ( MCMI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Henry Laurens Mitchell ( September 3, 1831 &ndash October 14, 1903) was an American lawyer, Judge, and politician William Sherman Jennings ( March 24, 1863 February 27, 1920) was a U Events 455 - Roman military commander Avitus is proclaimed Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 1835 ( MDCCCXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Leon County is a County located in the state of Florida. In 2000 its population was 239452 Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus, Year 1911 ( MCMXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. Events 455 - Roman military commander Avitus is proclaimed Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 1835 ( MDCCCXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus, Year 1911 ( MCMXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The United States of America —commonly referred to as the He served as the thirteenth and seventeenth governor of Florida in two non-consecutive terms. List of Governors Military governor Spanish Florida was acquired from Spain in the Adams-Onís Treaty, which took effect July 10 Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the Prior to his first term as governor, he served in the Florida House of Representatives.

He was the first Democrat to hold the office of governor after the Civil War. The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South In between his terms as governor, he served as state comptroller under Governor Francis P. Fleming. A comptroller or controller (kənˈtroʊlər ˈkɑmˌtroʊ- also financial controller, abrv Francis Philip Fleming ( September 28, 1841 December 20, 1908) was an American politician and the Fifteenth Governor of Florida Bloxham was only the second governor of Florida to be born in the state. Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the

Contents

Early life and career

Bloxham was born on a plantation in Leon County, Florida, the son of William and Martha (Williams) Bloxham. Fundamentally a plantation is usually a large Farm or estate, especially in a tropical or semitropical country on which Cotton, Tobacco Leon County is a County located in the state of Florida. In 2000 its population was 239452 [1][2][3] His great-grandfather had migrated from England to manage George Washington's plantation and his grandfather endured adversity due to the War of 1812. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland George Washington (February 22 1732 December 14 1799 served as the first President of the United States of America (1789&ndash1797 and led the The War of 1812 was fought between the United States of America and the British Empire, particularly Great Britain and her North American colonies [1][3] His father was from Alexandria, Virginia and moved to Leon County to run a plantation in 1825, becoming one of few white settlers in a Native American-dominated area. Alexandria is an Independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia. For indigenous peoples in the United States other than Hawaii and Alaska see also Native Americans in the United States. The elder William served in the Seminole Wars. The Seminole Wars, also known as the Florida Wars, were three conflicts in Florida between various groups of Native Americans collectively known as [1][2] Martha Bloxham was born in Twiggs County, Georgia and moved to Florida as a child. Twiggs County is a County located in the US state of [2]

The younger Bloxham went to county school in Florida before being sent to preparatory school in Virginia at age 13. For the next seven years, he attended Virginia schools including Rappahannock Academy where his teachers included eventual U.S. Senator William Mahone. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives William Mahone (December 1 1826 &ndash October 8 1895 of Southampton County Virginia, was a Civil engineer, Teacher, Soldier, Railroad [2] Bloxham graduated from The College of William & Mary in 1855 and acquired a law degree from the college. The College of William and Mary (officially The College of William and Mary in Virginia, also known as William & Mary or W&M) is a Public university [1] He was admitted to the Florida Bar but, when his health declined, he travelled to Europe and chose the more active life of a planter when he returned. The Florida Bar is the integrated bar for the state of Florida. In November 1856, he and Mary C. Davis travelled to her home city of Lynchburg, Virginia to be married. Lynchburg is an Independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia. [2]

Bloxham became interested in politics and actively campaigned for James Buchanan in the 1856 presidential election. James Buchanan Jr (April 23 1791 – June 1 1868 was the fifteenth President of the United States (1857–1861 The United States presidential election of 1856 was unusually heated [4] In 1861, he was elected to the Florida House of Representatives without opposition. The Florida House of Representatives, one of the two Chambers of the Florida Legislature, is composed of 120 members each representing a district [5][6] With the Civil War raging in 1862, Bloxham organized a company of infantry from Leon County which he commanded for the duration of the war. A company is a Military unit, typically consisting of 75-200 Soldiers Most companies are formed of three to five Platoons although the exact number may vary The Infantry is the oldest and most numerous of the Combat Arms in the Armed forces, and consists After the war, he staunchly opposed Reconstruction and, using his popularity as a speaker, was a leading voice among Florida Democrats. [1] He served as a Presidential Elector for the Horatio Seymour/Francis Preston Blair, Jr. Democratic ticket in the 1868 election. The Electoral College consists of 538 popularly elected representatives who formally select the President and Vice President of the United States. Horatio Seymour ( May 31, 1810 February 12, 1886) was an American Politician. Francis Preston Blair Jr ( February 19, 1821 &ndash July 9, 1875) was an American politician and Union Army general during The United States presidential election of 1868 was the first presidential election to take place during Reconstruction. [5]

1870 election controversy

In 1870, Bloxham was at the center of a political firestorm during one of Florida's most violent periods. The Republican carpetbaggers were being resisted in Florida, often violently, by groups like the Ku Klux Klan. In United States history carpetbaggers was the term southerners gave to northerners who moved to the South during Reconstruction, between 1865 and 1877 Ku Klux Klan ( KKK) is the name of several past and present secret domestic terrorist organizations in the United States, generally in the southern states that are On Election Day of 1870, the most violent counties were inundated with federal troops at the request of Governor Harrison Reed. Election Day in the United States is the day set by law for the selection of public officials by popular ballot Harrison Reed (1813-1899 was the ninth governor of Florida. Reed was born in Littleton Massachusetts on August 26, 1813. The chaos of that day included constitutional convention member, William Capers Bird, pointing a handgun at African American state senator Robert Meacham on the courthouse steps in Monticello, reportedly warning, "no damned nigger shall vote here. African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa The Florida Senate is part of the legislative branch of government for the state of Florida. Robert Meacham (1835-1902 was an African-American leader in Florida during Reconstruction. Monticello is a city in Jefferson County, Florida, United States. Nigger is a Noun in the English language, most notable for its usage in a derogatory context to refer to Black people, and also as an informal "[7]

When the voting finally ended, it appeared that Bloxham had won the Lieutenant Governor race. The position of Lieutenant Governor of Florida was restored with the 1968 revision of the Florida state constitution (See Article IV Section 2 [7] Republicans used the chaos of the day as an excuse for rejecting the votes of nine largely-Democratic counties, but Bloxham sought an injunction from the Florida Circuit Courts to prevent tainted results from being announced. An injunction is an Equitable remedy in the form of a Court order, whereby a party is required to do or interact with in certain ways all right or to refrain from The Florida Circuit Courts are Trial Courts of Original jurisdiction for most controversies [5][7] A circuit judge granted the injunction but a federal grand jury indicted the judge. In the Common law, a grand jury is a type of Jury which determines whether there is enough evidence for a trial. In the Common law legal system an indictment (ɪnˈdaɪtmənt (in-DITE-mint is a formal accusation of having committed a criminal offense With the circuit judge in jail, the Republican-led board of canvassers rejected enough ballots to overturn Bloxham's victory in favor of Republican Samuel T. Day. [7]

Bloxham pushed the election dispute to the Florida Supreme Court, filing for a writ of mandamus on January 10, 1871 to force a recount. The Supreme Court of the State of Florida is the State supreme court of Florida. A writ of mandamus or simply mandamus, which means "we command" in Latin, is the name of one of the Prerogative writs in the Common Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war. Year 1871 ( MDCCCLXXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common [7] While the Florida Attorney General disagreed that a recount could be ordered, the Supreme Court Chief Justice sided with Bloxham. The Florida Attorney General is an elected official in the US Republican legislators countered by repealing the law which created the board of canvassers in the first place and the Supreme Court was unable to compel the board to recount when the board effectively ceased to exist. [8] Bloxham applied to the supreme court for a writ of quo warranto on February 20, 1871 to challenge Day's victory, but the case did not begin until November 15. Quo warranto ( Medieval Latin for "by what warrant?" is one of the Prerogative writs that requires the person to whom it is directed to show what Events 1472 - Orkney and Shetland are left by Norway to Scotland, due to a Dowry payment Year 1871 ( MDCCCLXXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. [9] On June 1, 1872, the court finally ruled that Bloxham had won the 1870 election, by which time he had missed every state senate session in the term, meaning the term was effectively concluded. Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Year 1872 ( MDCCCLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year [10] Although he took the oath of office on June 3, he couldn't perform the lieutenant governor's only duty, which was to preside over the Senate. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering [11] Thus, he is not named in lists of Florida's lieutenant governors. [12] Regardless, the ruling marked the first win for the Florida Democratic Party since the war. The Florida Democratic Party ( FDP) is the official organization for Democrats in the state of Florida. [5]

Governorship and the Disston Land Purchase

In the summer of 1872, Bloxham was unanimously nominated at the Jacksonville Democratic Convention to run for Governor with Confederate General Robert Bullock as his running mate. Robert Bullock ( December 8, 1828 - July 27, 1905) was a United States Representative from Florida and a brigadier general [5] In November, a severe Election Day storm reduced the vote count and Bloxham was defeated by Republican Ossian B. Hart by 1,200 votes. Ossian Bingley Hart ( January 17, 1821 – March 18, 1874) was the tenth governor of the U [5][13] Hart, who had tried to claim Abijah Gilbert's U.S. Senate seat two years earlier, died barely a year into his term. Abijah Gilbert ( June 18, 1806 - November 23, 1881) was a United States Senator from Florida. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives [13] Bloxham served on the State Democratic Executive Committee and actively participated in the successful gubernatorial campaign of George Franklin Drew, promising protection to African Americans who voted for him. George Franklin Drew ( August 6, 1827 &ndash September 26, 1900) was the twelfth governor of the U [3][5] Bloxham was named Secretary of State. The Secretary of State of Florida is a constitutional officer of the State government of the U [5]

In June 1880, Bloxham was nominated again to run for Governor and so resigned as Secretary of State. In his second attempt, he won the election by over 5,000 and was inaugurated on January 4, 1881. Events 46 BC - Titus Labienus defeats Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina. Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common [5] Bloxham inherited a state debt of $1 million and a lawsuit that placed a lien on millions of acres of Florida land. In Law, a lien is a form of Security interest granted over an item of Property to secure the payment of a Debt or performance of some other [14] Before his first month as governor was complete, Bloxham and Florida signed an agreement with Philadelphia saw manufacturing heir, Hamilton Disston, whereby Disston would attempt to drain the Everglades and would receive half of the land he reclaimed. Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə Hamilton Disston ( August 23, 1844 – April 30, 1896) was a Real-estate developer who purchased four million Acres (16000 Everglades is also the name of a city in Collier County Florida Land reclamation is either of two distinct practices One involves creating new land from sea- or riverbeds the other refers to restoring an area to a more natural state (such as after [15] With Disston actively planning his drainage efforts, Bloxham personally travelled to Philadelphia to make an even larger deal with him. On June 14, 1881, Disston signed a contract to purchase four million acres (16,000 km²) of Florida land, larger than the state of Connecticut, for $1 million, a purchase which made international news. Events 1276 - While taking exile in Fuzhou in southern China, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Connecticut ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. [16] When Disston and a second buyer, Sir Edward James Reed, paid in full, the state was out of debt and the first land boom soon followed. Sir Edward James Reed ( 20 September 1830 &ndash 30 November 1906) KCB, FRS, was the Chief Constructor [17]

Towards the end of Bloxham's first stint as Governor, in 1884, call for revision to the Florida Constitution increased, fueled by division among the state's democrats. The Constitution of the State of Florida is the document that establishes and describes the duties powers structure and function of the government of the U Supporters of Bloxham's predecessor, George Franklin Drew, criticized Bloxham for the Disston Land Purchase as well as his apparent commitment to Florida Panhandle development at the expense of the rest of the state. George Franklin Drew ( August 6, 1827 &ndash September 26, 1900) was the twelfth governor of the U Hamilton Disston ( August 23, 1844 – April 30, 1896) was a Real-estate developer who purchased four million Acres (16000 The Florida Panhandle is the region of the state of Florida which includes the westernmost 16 counties They rallied around Confederate General Edward A. Perry and a call for a Constitutional Convention. The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States, and CSA) formed as the government set up from 1861 Edward Aylesworth Perry (March 15 1831 October 15 1889 was a general under Robert E Alternative meaning Constitutional convention (political custom A constitutional convention is a gathering for the purpose of writing a new In 1884, Bloxham lost the Democratic nomination to Perry and voters approved the convention which led to the 1885 Florida Constitution. The Constitution of the State of Florida is the document that establishes and describes the duties powers structure and function of the government of the U [18]

Second term

On April 18, 1885, Bloxham was appointed Minister Resident and Consul General to Bolivia by President Grover Cleveland. Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland. Year 1885 ( MDCCCLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The following is a list of United States Ambassadors or other Chiefs of Mission to Bolivia. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18 1837 June 24 1908 was both the twenty-second and twenty-fourth President of the United States. Bloxham took the oath of office but declined to report for the post. [19][20] Instead, he accepted a November 1885 appointment to become the U. S. Surveyor General for Florida which he held until December 1889. The Surveyor General is an official responsible for government Surveying in a specific country or territory When the state comptroller position became vacant on May 1, 1890, Governor Francis P. Fleming appointed Bloxham to fill it. A comptroller or controller (kənˈtroʊlər ˈkɑmˌtroʊ- also financial controller, abrv Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Year 1890 ( MDCCCXC) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Francis Philip Fleming ( September 28, 1841 December 20, 1908) was an American politician and the Fifteenth Governor of Florida Bloxham was unanimously nominated for the position in August 1890 and easily won the election, and was easily re-elected in 1892. [1]

Comptroller Bloxham ran for governor and was victorious in 1896, 12 years after leaving the office. Despite his conservative reputation, Bloxham left his mark in his second term by reinstating and expanding the powers of a railroad commission, restricting monopolies and creating a state-wide auditor to eliminate government fraud and waste. In Economics, a monopoly (from Greek monos, alone or single + polein, to sell exists when a specific individual or enterprise has sufficient The most general definition of an audit is an evaluation of a person organization system process project or product Fire insurance company regulation was initiated and women served as public notaries for the first time during Bloxham's second stint as governor. A notary public is an officer who can administer Oaths and Statutory Declarations Witness and authenticate documents [21]

William Bloxham died on March 15, 1911 in Tallahassee, Florida. Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus, Year 1911 ( MCMXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year [6] A planned Bloxham County, Florida centered around Williston, Florida, was rejected by a referendum in 1915. Bloxham County was a proposed Florida, United States county which was never created Williston is a city in Levy County, Florida, United States. The population was 2297 at the 2000 census [22]

Other

William Bloxham was a cotton plantation owner in Leon County, Florida from the late 1850s owner of the William D. Bloxham Plantation. Fundamentally a plantation is usually a large Farm or estate, especially in a tropical or semitropical country on which Cotton, Tobacco Leon County is a County located in the state of Florida. In 2000 its population was 239452 Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the The William D Bloxham Plantation was a small Cotton plantation of 1400 Acres (6 km² located southwest of Tallahassee, Leon County,

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography, p. 382.
  2. ^ a b c d e Headley, p. 695.
  3. ^ a b c Douglas, p. 281.
  4. ^ Headley, pp. 695-696.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i Headley, p. 696.
  6. ^ a b Florida Governor William Dunnington Bloxham from National Governors Association web site. The National Governors Association (NGA is a primarily taxpayer-funded lobbying Organization of the Governors of the fifty U Accessed April 1, 2008. Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  7. ^ a b c d e Manley, p. 244.
  8. ^ Manley, p. 245.
  9. ^ Manley, pp. 245-246.
  10. ^ Manley, p. 246.
  11. ^ Tebeau, Charlton W. (1980). A History of Florida. Coral Gables, FL: University of Miami Press, 252. ISBN 0870241494.  
  12. ^ Morris, Allen & Morris, Joan Perry, eds. (2007), The Florida Handbook 2007-2008, Tallahassee, FL: Peninsular, p. 39, ISBN 9780976584612 
  13. ^ a b Manley, p. 224.
  14. ^ Grunwald, p. 72.
  15. ^ Grunwald, p. 85.
  16. ^ Grunwald, p. 86.
  17. ^ Grunwald, pp. 86-87.
  18. ^ Manley, pp. 267-268.
  19. ^ List of Ambassadors to Bolivia from the United States Department of State web site. Accessed April 1, 2008. Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  20. ^ "Selected as Ministers" (PDF), The New York Times, April 19, 1885. Events 1012 - Martyrdom of Alphege in Greenwich London. 1529 - At the Second Diet of Speyer Year 1885 ( MDCCCLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Retrieved on 2008-03-30. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 240 BC - 1st recorded Perihelion passage of Halley's Comet.  
  21. ^ Manley, p. 328.
  22. ^ Levy County Courthouse at the Florida's 10th Judicial Circuit web site. Accessed April 1, 2008. Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common

References

External links

Political offices
Preceded by
George F. Drew		 Governor of Florida
January 4, 1881 - January 7, 1885		 Succeeded by
Edward A. Perry
Preceded by
Henry L. Mitchell		 Governor of Florida
January 5, 1897 - January 8, 1901		 Succeeded by
William S. Jennings
George Franklin Drew ( August 6, 1827 &ndash September 26, 1900) was the twelfth governor of the U List of Governors Military governor Spanish Florida was acquired from Spain in the Adams-Onís Treaty, which took effect July 10 Events 46 BC - Titus Labienus defeats Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina. Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1325 - Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal. 1558 - France takes Calais, the last continental Year 1885 ( MDCCCLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Edward Aylesworth Perry (March 15 1831 October 15 1889 was a general under Robert E Henry Laurens Mitchell ( September 3, 1831 &ndash October 14, 1903) was an American lawyer, Judge, and politician List of Governors Military governor Spanish Florida was acquired from Spain in the Adams-Onís Treaty, which took effect July 10 Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. Year 1897 ( MDCCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 871 - Battle of Ashdown - Ethelred of Wessex defeats a Danish invasion army Year 1901 ( MCMI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting William Sherman Jennings ( March 24, 1863 February 27, 1920) was a U
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